37:
89:
HFQRS has been studied since the 1960s. The first studies correlate between incidence of notching and slurring in the QRS complexes to the existence and severity of coronary heart disease. In 1979, a novel signal processing technique, including spatial filtering, averaging and alignment was used to
82:
178:
Abboud S., Smith JM., Shargorodsky B., Laniado S., Sadeh D., Cohen RJ. High frequency electrocardiography of three orthogonal leads in dogs during a coronary artery occlusion. Pacing Clin
Electrophysiol 1989;12(4 Pt
169:
Mor-Avi V., Shargorodsky B., Abboud S., Laniado S., Akselrod S. Effects of coronary occlusion on high-frequency content of the epicardial electrogram and body surface electrocardiogram. Circulation 1987;76(1):237–43.
85:
Left: Frequency band of standard ECG components is typically 0.05-100 Hz. HFQRS represents changes in the 150-250 Hz band (marked in red circle). Right: Depicts the physiological basis of HFQRS
105:
also induces changes to the depolarization phase and confirmed the use of HFQRS-RMS as a quantitative diagnostic measure of supply myocardial ischemia and demand myocardial (stress-induced) ischemia.
142:
Langner PH., Geselowitz DB., Mansure FT., Lauer JA. High-frequency components in the electrocardiograms of normal subjects and of patients with coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 1961;62:746–55.
188:
Abboud S., Cohen RJ., Sadeh D. A spectral analysis of the high frequency QRS potentials during acute myocardial ischemia in dogs. International
Journal of Cardiology, 26: 285-290, 1990.
151:
Uijen GJ., de Weerd JP., Vendrik AJ. Accuracy of QRS detection in relation to the analysis of high-frequency components in the electrocardiogram. Med Biol Eng Comput 1979;17(4):492–502.
197:
Beker A., Pinchas A., Erel J., Abboud S. Spectral
Analysis of High Resolution QRS Complex During Exercise Induce Ischemia. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology, 1(4): 386-392, 1996.
894:
73:(ECG). High frequency analysis of the QRS complex may be useful for detection of coronary artery disease during an exercise stress test. It however requires special software.
128:
Gerald, F; Philip, A; Kligfield, P; et al. (August 2013). "Exercise
Standards for Testing and Training A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association".
535:
90:
show that HFQRS from patients in coronary care unit are less stable than in healthy subjects. Later, Goldberger et al. identified reduction in the RMS (
160:
Goldberger AL., Bhargava V., Froelicher V., Covell J. Effect of myocardial infarction on high-frequency QRS potentials. Circulation 1981;64(1):34–42.
225:
952:
269:
947:
756:
593:
761:
751:
340:
1058:
889:
503:
929:
1308:
924:
793:
574:
869:
864:
788:
588:
1215:
1091:
1020:
852:
1210:
1003:
986:
919:
839:
218:
1053:
498:
1035:
523:
508:
810:
1113:
778:
705:
432:
1063:
1237:
993:
783:
680:
661:
491:
264:
1270:
1244:
1232:
1220:
1205:
939:
881:
685:
666:
318:
258:
211:
859:
825:
768:
746:
568:
550:
486:
353:
306:
234:
623:
618:
513:
323:
95:
1119:
647:
628:
528:
439:
382:
1124:
981:
976:
899:
803:
773:
732:
358:
275:
102:
1227:
1025:
847:
798:
423:
370:
280:
1287:
1138:
1096:
1011:
829:
727:
444:
387:
285:
70:
50:
1260:
1152:
1045:
741:
91:
1282:
674:
655:
642:
449:
328:
1275:
1183:
1081:
1073:
971:
481:
474:
461:
1302:
1265:
1176:
311:
1197:
1171:
1015:
963:
636:
612:
582:
559:
428:
418:
203:
1132:
1030:
820:
737:
719:
545:
518:
469:
410:
66:
94:) levels of the QRS (within frequency band of 80–300 Hz) in patients with
1160:
710:
36:
81:
65:) refers to the analysis of the high frequency spectral components of the
1086:
243:
1166:
1146:
301:
17:
80:
207:
1253:
1196:
1105:
1072:
1044:
1002:
961:
938:
912:
880:
838:
819:
718:
704:
604:
558:
544:
460:
409:
402:
339:
294:
251:
242:
101:Research efforts during the 80-90s have shown that
46:
29:
219:
8:
835:
715:
555:
536:Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
406:
248:
226:
212:
204:
35:
123:
121:
117:
270:Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
26:
41:ECG of a heart in normal sinus rhythm
7:
594:Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
890:Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
25:
575:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
98:comparing to normal subjects.
1:
1092:Pulseless electrical activity
1021:Multifocal atrial tachycardia
895:Catecholaminergic polymorphic
1325:
1036:Wandering atrial pacemaker
583:non-infective endocarditis
524:Endocardial fibroelastosis
130:American Heart Association
1114:hexaxial reference system
1059:Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
589:Libman–Sacks endocarditis
34:
994:Ventricular fibrillation
265:Coronary artery aneurysm
1309:Cardiovascular diseases
1271:Diastolic heart failure
1245:Athletic heart syndrome
1206:Ventricular hypertrophy
940:Pre-excitation syndrome
794:Left posterior fascicle
319:Acute coronary syndrome
259:Coronary artery disease
789:Left anterior fascicle
569:infective endocarditis
354:Hibernating myocardium
235:Cardiovascular disease
86:
953:Wolff–Parkinson–White
913:Premature contraction
811:Adams–Stokes syndrome
514:Loeffler endocarditis
324:Myocardial infarction
96:Myocardial Infarction
84:
1120:Right axis deviation
1082:Sudden cardiac death
440:Pericardial effusion
383:Ventricular aneurysm
1125:Left axis deviation
982:Atrial fibrillation
977:Ventricular flutter
900:Torsades de pointes
774:Bundle branch block
733:Sick sinus syndrome
519:Cardiac amyloidosis
504:Tachycardia-induced
359:Myocardial stunning
307:Prinzmetal's angina
276:Coronary thrombosis
103:myocardial ischemia
1228:Atrial enlargement
1026:Pacemaker syndrome
948:Lown–Ganong–Levine
870:Junctional ectopic
865:AV nodal reentrant
371:Myocardial rupture
281:Coronary vasospasm
87:
59:High frequency QRS
30:High Frequency QRS
1296:
1295:
1288:Obstructive shock
1192:
1191:
1139:Short QT syndrome
1106:Other / ungrouped
1097:Sinoatrial arrest
1012:Ectopic pacemaker
908:
907:
728:Sinus bradycardia
700:
699:
696:
695:
445:Cardiac tamponade
398:
397:
388:Dressler syndrome
286:Myocardial bridge
71:electrocardiogram
56:
55:
51:Electrocardiogram
16:(Redirected from
1316:
1261:Cardiac fibrosis
1153:T wave alternans
1046:Long QT syndrome
840:Supraventricular
836:
769:Intraventricular
716:
556:
407:
252:Coronary disease
249:
228:
221:
214:
205:
198:
195:
189:
186:
180:
176:
170:
167:
161:
158:
152:
149:
143:
140:
134:
133:
125:
92:Root Mean Square
39:
27:
21:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1283:Rheumatic fever
1249:
1188:
1101:
1068:
1040:
998:
957:
934:
904:
876:
823:
815:
709:
692:
600:
549:
540:
456:
450:Hemopericardium
394:
335:
329:Unstable angina
302:Angina pectoris
295:Active ischemia
290:
238:
232:
202:
201:
196:
192:
187:
183:
177:
173:
168:
164:
159:
155:
150:
146:
141:
137:
132:(128): 873–934.
127:
126:
119:
114:
108:
79:
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1276:Cardiac asthma
1273:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1184:Strain pattern
1181:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1074:Cardiac arrest
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1054:Andersen–Tawil
1050:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1008:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
990:
989:
979:
974:
972:Atrial flutter
968:
966:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
944:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
927:
922:
916:
914:
910:
909:
906:
905:
903:
902:
897:
892:
886:
884:
878:
877:
875:
874:
873:
872:
867:
857:
856:
855:
844:
842:
833:
817:
816:
814:
813:
808:
807:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
771:
766:
765:
764:
759:
754:
744:
735:
730:
724:
722:
713:
702:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
691:
690:
689:
688:
683:
671:
670:
669:
664:
652:
651:
650:
645:
633:
632:
631:
626:
621:
608:
606:
602:
601:
599:
598:
597:
596:
591:
579:
578:
577:
564:
562:
553:
542:
541:
539:
538:
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
495:
494:
482:Cardiomyopathy
479:
478:
477:
475:Chagas disease
466:
464:
458:
457:
455:
454:
453:
452:
447:
437:
436:
435:
426:
415:
413:
404:
400:
399:
396:
395:
393:
392:
391:
390:
385:
375:
374:
373:
363:
362:
361:
356:
345:
343:
337:
336:
334:
333:
332:
331:
326:
316:
315:
314:
309:
298:
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292:
291:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
267:
262:
255:
253:
246:
240:
239:
233:
231:
230:
223:
216:
208:
200:
199:
190:
181:
171:
162:
153:
144:
135:
116:
115:
113:
110:
78:
75:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1321:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1266:Heart failure
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1177:ST depression
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
988:
985:
984:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
967:
965:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
943:
941:
937:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
911:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
885:
883:
879:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
861:
858:
854:
851:
850:
849:
846:
845:
843:
841:
837:
834:
831:
827:
822:
818:
812:
809:
805:
804:Trifascicular
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
775:
772:
770:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
748:
745:
743:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
723:
721:
717:
714:
712:
707:
703:
687:
686:regurgitation
684:
682:
679:
678:
677:
676:
672:
668:
667:regurgitation
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
657:
653:
649:
648:regurgitation
646:
644:
641:
640:
639:
638:
634:
630:
629:regurgitation
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
615:
614:
610:
609:
607:
603:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
585:
584:
580:
576:
573:
572:
571:
570:
566:
565:
563:
561:
557:
554:
552:
547:
543:
537:
534:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
493:
490:
489:
488:
485:
484:
483:
480:
476:
473:
472:
471:
468:
467:
465:
463:
459:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
441:
438:
434:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
420:
417:
416:
414:
412:
408:
405:
401:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
379:
376:
372:
369:
368:
367:
364:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
350:
347:
346:
344:
342:
338:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
317:
313:
312:Stable angina
310:
308:
305:
304:
303:
300:
299:
297:
293:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
271:
268:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
254:
250:
247:
245:
241:
236:
229:
224:
222:
217:
215:
210:
209:
206:
194:
191:
185:
182:
175:
172:
166:
163:
157:
154:
148:
145:
139:
136:
131:
124:
122:
118:
111:
109:
106:
104:
99:
97:
93:
83:
76:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
52:
49:
45:
38:
33:
28:
19:
1198:Cardiomegaly
1172:ST elevation
1159:
1145:
1131:
1112:
1016:Ectopic beat
964:fibrillation
799:Bifascicular
673:
654:
635:
611:
581:
567:
560:Endocarditis
499:Hypertrophic
433:Constrictive
419:Pericarditis
377:
365:
348:
193:
184:
174:
165:
156:
147:
138:
129:
107:
100:
88:
62:
58:
57:
47:Test of
1064:Romano–Ward
1031:Parasystole
930:Ventricular
882:Ventricular
821:Tachycardia
738:Heart block
720:Bradycardia
546:Endocardium
509:Restrictive
470:Myocarditis
411:Pericardium
67:QRS complex
962:Flutter /
925:Junctional
860:Junctional
853:Multifocal
826:paroxysmal
742:Sinoatrial
711:arrhythmia
706:Conduction
462:Myocardium
179:1):574–81.
112:References
1221:Pulmonary
1004:Pacemaker
675:pulmonary
656:tricuspid
492:Alcoholic
1303:Category
1087:Asystole
987:Familial
681:stenosis
662:stenosis
643:stenosis
624:stenosis
619:prolapse
341:Sequelae
244:Ischemia
487:Dilated
429:Chronic
237:(heart)
77:History
1167:J wave
920:Atrial
848:Atrial
637:aortic
613:mitral
605:Valves
551:valves
403:Layers
272:(SCAD)
69:in an
1254:Other
1238:Right
1216:Right
830:sinus
779:Right
529:Viral
424:Acute
378:weeks
349:hours
261:(CAD)
63:HFQRS
18:HFQRS
1233:Left
1211:Left
828:and
784:Left
366:days
1305::
1161:ST
1133:QT
1014:/
762:3°
757:2°
752:1°
747:AV
740::
431:/
120:^
1147:T
832:)
824:(
708:/
548:/
227:e
220:t
213:v
61:(
20:)
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