HGM-25A Titan I - Knowledge (XXG)

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had its first stage damaged in another accident. On 5 February, LC-16 returned to action by hosting Missile C-4. The second attempt at a Lot C Titan failed at T+52 seconds when the guidance compartment collapsed, causing the RVX-3 reentry vehicle to separate. The missile pitched down and the first stage LOX tank ruptured from aerodynamic loads, blowing the stage to pieces. After the first stage destroyed itself, the second stage separated and began engine ignition, sensing that normal staging had taken place. With no attitude control, it began tumbling end-over-end and quickly lost thrust. The stage plummeted into the Atlantic Ocean some 30–40 miles downrange After the successful flight of Missile G-4 on 24 February, Missile C-1's second stage failed to ignite on 8 March due to a stuck valve preventing the gas generator from starting.The last Lot C missile was C-6 which flew successfully on April 28. The Lot G missiles incorporated several design improvements to correct problems encountered on previous Titan launches. On 1 July, the newly opened LC-20 hosted its first launch when Missile J-2, an operational prototype, was flown. Unfortunately, a broken hydraulic line caused the Titan's engines to gimbal hard left almost as soon as the tower was cleared. The missile pitched over and flew onto a near-horizontal plane when Range Safety sent the destruct command at T+11 seconds. The burning remains of the Titan impacted 300 meters from the pad in an enormous fireball. The piece of plumbing responsible for the missile failure was retrieved—it had popped out of its sleeve resulting in loss of first stage hydraulic pressure. The sleeve was not tight enough to hold the hydraulic line in place, and the pressure being imparted into it at liftoff was enough to pop it loose. Examination of other Titan missiles found more defective hydraulic lines, and the Missile J-2 debacle caused a wholesale review of manufacturing processes and improved parts testing.

645:-minute intervals. Titan I utilized radio-inertial command guidance. The inertial guidance system originally intended for the missile was instead eventually deployed in the Atlas E and F missiles. Less than a year later the Air Force considered deploying the Titan I with an all-inertial guidance system but that change never occurred. (The Atlas series was intended to be the first generation of American ICBMs and Titan II (as opposed to Titan I) was to be the second generation deployed). The Titan 1 was controlled by an autopilot which was informed of the missile's attitude by a rate gyro assembly consisting of 3 gyroscopes. During the first minute or two of the flight a pitch programmer put the missile on the correct path. From that point the AN/GRW-5 guidance radar tracked a transmitter on the missile. The guidance radar fed missile position data to the AN/GSK-1 (Univac Athena) missile guidance computer in the Launch Control Center. The guidance computer used the tracking data to generate instructions which were encoded and transmitted to the missile by the guidance radar. Guidance input/output between the guidance radar and guidance computer occurred 10 times a second. Guidance commands continued for the stage 1 burn, the stage 2 burn and the vernier burn ensuring the missile was on the correct trajectory and terminating the vernier burn at the desired velocity. The last thing the guidance system did was to determine if the missile was on the right trajectory and pre-arm the warhead which then separated from the second stage. In case of the failure of the guidance system at one site, the guidance system at another site could be used to guide the missiles of the site with the failure. 907:

January 1962. There were 59 XSM-68 Titan Is manufactured I in 7 developmental lots. One hundred and one SM-68 Titan I missiles were produced to equip six squadrons of nine missiles each across Western America. Fifty-four missiles were in silos in total, with one missile as a spare on standby at each squadron, bringing to 60 in service at any one time. Titan was originally planned for a 1 X 10 (one control center with 10 launchers) "soft" site. In mid-1958 it was decided that the American Bosh Arma all-inertial guidance system designed for Titan would, because production was insufficient, be assigned to Atlas and the Titan would switch to radio-inertial guidance. The decision was made to deploy Titan squadrons in a "hardened" 3 X 3 (three sites with one control center and three silos each) to reduce the number of guidance systems required. (Radio-inertial guided Atlas D squadrons were similarly sited).

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part, was selected as the contractor because it had "recognized the 'magnitude of the altitude start problem' for the second stage and had a good suggestion for solving it." Titan I's second-stage engines were reliable enough to be ignited at altitude, after separation from the first stage booster. The first stage, besides including heavy fuel tanks and engines, also had launch interface equipment and the launch pad thrust ring with it. When the first stage had finished consuming its propellant, it dropped away, thereby decreasing the mass of the vehicle. Titan I's ability to jettison this mass prior to the ignition of the second stage meant that Titan I had a much greater total range (and a greater range per pound of second-stage fuel) than Atlas, even if the total fuel load of Atlas had been greater. As North American Aviation's

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raising the launcher and missile out of the silo on an elevator. Before each launch, the guidance radar, which was periodically calibrated by acquiring a special target at a precisely known range and bearing, had to acquire a radio on the missile (missile guidance set AN/DRW-18, AN/DRW-19, AN/DRW-20, AN/DRW-21, or AN/DRW-22). When the missile was launched, the guidance radar tracked the missile and supplied precise velocity range and azimuth data to the guidance computer, which then generated guidance corrections that were transmitted to the missile. Because of this, the complex could only launch and track one missile at a time, although another could be elevated while the first was being guided.

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first stage burn, but after second stage separation, the fuel valve to the gas generator failed to open, preventing engine start. Missiles AJ-12 and AJ-15 in March were lost due to turbopump problems. Missile M-1's second stage lost thrust when the hydraulic pump failed. Missile SM-2 experienced early first stage shutdown; although the second stage burn was successful, it had to run to propellant depletion instead of a timed cutoff. The added stress of this operation apparently resulted in a failure of either the gas generator or turbopump, as the vernier solo phase ended prematurely. Missile M-6's second stage failed to start when an electrical relay malfunctioned and reset the ignition timer.

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Air Force wanted to retain 5 Titan sites and the General Services Administration had earmarked 1 for possible use. The USAF removed equipment it had uses for, the rest was offered to other government agencies. Eventually no sites were retained and all were salvaged. The chosen method was the Service and Salvage contract, which required the contractor to remove the equipment the government wanted before proceeding with scrapping. This accounts for the varied degree of salvage at the sites today. Most are sealed today, with one in Colorado that is easily entered but also very unsafe. One is open for tours.

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crucial to avoid possible destruction by incoming missiles. Even though Titan complexes were designed to withstand nearby nuclear blasts antenna and missile extended for launch and guidance were quite susceptible to even a relatively distant miss. The missiles sites of a squadron were placed at least 17 (usually 20 to 30) miles apart so that a single nuclear weapon could not take out two sites. The sites also had to be close enough that if a site's guidance system failed it could "handover" its missiles to another site of the squadron.

1262:(AKA "Star Wars" program), a scrapped Titan I Second Stage was used in a Missile Defense test. The MIRACL Near Infrared Laser, at White Sands Missile Range, NM was fired at a stationary Titan I second stage that was fixed to the ground. The second stage burst and was destroyed by the laser blast. The second stage was pressurized with nitrogen gas to 60-psi and did not contain any fuel or oxidizer. A follow-up test 6 days later was conducted on a scrapped Thor IRBM, its remnants reside at the SLC-10 Museum at Vandenberg AFB. 3026: 957: 460:

the Western Development Division and Brigadier General Bernard Schriever was detailed to command it. Schriever devised an entirely new organization for program management. The Air Force was to act as "prime contractor," the Ramo-Woolridge Corporation was contracted to provide systems engineering and technical direction of all ballistic missiles. The airframe contractor also would assemble the sub-systems provided by other Air Force contractors. At the time, this new organization was very controversial.

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Despite counterarguments that the Titan offered greater performance and growth potential than the Atlas as a missile and space launch vehicle, the Titan program was under constant budgetary pressure. In the summer of 1957 budget cuts led Secretary of Defense Wilson to reduce the Titan production rate from the proposed seven per month to two a month, which left the Titan as a research and development program only. However, the

1240:. It did not make economic sense to refurbish them as SM-65 Atlas missiles with similar payload capacities had already been converted to satellite launchers. About 33 were distributed to museums, parks and schools as static displays (see list below). The remaining 50 missiles were scrapped at Mira Loma AFS near San Bernardino, CA; the last was broken up in 1972, in accordance with the SALT-I Treaty of 1 February 1972. 1309: 1470: 1185:

there was a site commander, site maintenance officer, site chief, job controller/expediter, tool crib operator, power house chief, three pad chiefs, three assistant pad chiefs, another cook and more air police. There could be a number of electricians, plumbers, power production technicians, air conditioning technicians, and other specialist when maintenance was being performed.

27: 576:. The plan was to load the missile with propellant, raise it up to firing position, and then lower it back into the silo. Unfortunately, the silo elevator collapsed, causing the Titan to fall back down and explode. The blast was so violent that it ejected a service tower from inside the silo and launched it some distance into the air before coming back down. 533:

feet before the engines shut down and it fell back onto LC-19 in a fiery explosion. Postflight investigation found that the hold-down bolts released prematurely, causing B-5 to lift before full thrust rise had been achieved. A still-attached umbilical sent a shutdown command to the engines. LC-19 was badly damaged and would not be used again for six months.

1034: 1020: 1006: 992: 978: 964: 596:. The launch pads at Cape Canaveral were quickly converted for the new vehicle. Vandenberg Launch Complex 395 continued to provide for operational test launches. The last Titan I launch was from LC 395A silo A-2 in March 1965. After a brief period as an operational ICBM, it was retired from service in 1965 when Defense Secretary 545:

relay into a vibration-prone area during repair work on the missile and testing confirmed that the shock from the pad hold-down bolts firing was enough to set off the relay. The pad was not as badly damaged as LC-19 had been from the B-5 mishap as C-3 had not actually lifted and it was repaired in only two months.

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By November 1965 the Air Force Logistics Command had determined that the cost of modifying the widely dispersed sites to support other ballistic missiles was prohibitive, and attempts were made to find new uses. By Spring 1966 a number of possible uses and users had been identified. By 6 May 1966 the

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These early complexes while safe from a nearby nuclear detonation, however, had certain drawbacks. First, the missiles took about 15 minutes to fuel, and then, one at a time, had to be lifted to the surface on elevators for launching and guidance, which slowed their reaction time. Rapid launching was

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guidance radar antennas, and three launchers each composed of: three equipment terminals, three propellant terminals, and three missile silos. All connected by an extensive network of tunnels. Both antenna terminals and all three launchers were isolated with double door blast locks the doors of which

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toward the target. On-board Titan attitude control rolled the missile to maintain the missile antenna aligned to the ground antenna. Computer commands were transmitted to the missile from a ground transmitter a "quarter mile out" (400 m). Completed in 1957, the Athena weighed 21,000 pounds (11

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missile guidance system. The Athena was the "first transistorized digital computer to be produced in numbers." It consisted of ten cabinets plus console on a 13.5 by 20 foot (4.1 by 6 m) floor plan. It used radar tracking of the missile to compute Titan flight data to the necessary burn-out point to

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had to be loaded onto the missile just before launch from an underground storage tank, and the missile raised above ground on the enormous elevator system, exposing the missile for some time before launch. The complexity of the system combined with its relatively slow reaction time – fifteen minutes

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The four A-type missile launches with dummy second stages all occurred in 1959 and were carried out on 6 February, 25 February, 3 April, and 4 May. The guidance system and stage separation all performed well, and aerodynamic drag was lower than anticipated. Titan I was the first program to have a new

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The reduction in the mass of nuclear warheads allowed full coverage of the entire Sino-Soviet land mass, and the missile control capabilities were also upgraded. The Titan I would be fully independent in controlled flight from launch to the ballistic release of the warhead, which would descend to its

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Weapon System 107A-2 was a weapon system. It encompassed all of the equipment and even the bases for the Titan I strategic missile. The Titan I was first American ICBM designed to be based in underground silos, and it gave USAF managers, contractors and missile crews valuable experience building and

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Twelve more Titan Is were flown in 1963–65, with the finale being Missile SM-33, flown on 5 March 1965. The only total failure in this last stretch of flights was when Missile V-4 (1 May 1963) suffered a stuck gas generator valve and loss of engine thrust at liftoff. The Titan fell over and exploded

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On 2 February 1960, LC-19 returned to action as Missile B-7A marked the first successful flight of a Titan with a live upper stage--this was a composite missile as B-7's original upper stage was damaged months earlier in an accident and it was replaced with the upper stage from Missile B-6 which had

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At 1:11 PM EST on December 12, Missile C-3 launched from LC-16. The engines started, but the missile almost immediately disappeared in a fireball. The mishap was quickly traced to the Range Safety destruct charges on the first stage inadvertently going off. Martin technicians had moved the activator

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sent Martin an angry letter calling their handling of the Titan program "inexcusable." Ritland's disciplinary blast had little effect for the time being. On December 10, the first attempt was made to launch a Lot C missile, which would be a complete Titan I with all systems and a detachable warhead.

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The launch crew was composed of a missile combat crew commander, missile launch officer (MLO), guidance electronics officer (GEO), ballistic missile analyst technician (BMAT), and two electrical power production technicians (EPPT). There were also a cook and two Air Police. During normal duty hours

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oxidizer had to be pumped aboard the missile just before launch, and complex equipment was required to store and move this liquid. In its brief career, a total of six USAF squadrons were equipped with the Titan I missile. Each squadron was deployed in a 3x3 configuration, which meant each squadron

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Missile B-5 was intended to launch from LC-19 as the first flight article Lot B missile, incorporating most Titan I missile systems but with a dummy warhead. A planned launch on July 31 was scrubbed due to fuel system problems. At about noon on August 5, B-5 was launched. The missile rose about ten

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oxidizer could not be stored for long periods of time, increasing the response time as the missile had to be raised out of its silo and loaded with oxidizer before a launch could occur. The main improvements of the Titan I over the first Atlas's deployed were vertical storage in a fully underground

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made the decision to phase out all first generation cryogenically fueled missiles in favor of newer hypergolic and solid-fueled models. While decommissioned Atlas (and later Titan II) missiles were recycled and utilized for space launches, the Titan I inventory were stored and eventually scrapped.

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Missile C-3 was prepared for launch but much like with B-5, a premature shutdown command was sent due to failure of an umbilical to detach, fortunately the missile had not been released from the pad. The umbilical was quickly repaired but any relief at having avoided near-disaster was short-lived.

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The Titan, proposed as a fallback in case the Atlas failed, was by December 1956 accepted by some as a "principal ingredient of the national ballistic missile force." At the same time, others pushed for the cancellation of the Titan program almost from the beginning, arguing that it was redundant.

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missiles had slipped an average of 5 years and had cost overruns of 300 per cent or more. In response, the Teapot Committee was tasked with evaluating requirements for ballistic missiles and methods of accelerating their development. As a result of the ensuing recommendations, the USAF established

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Titan I also was the first true multi-stage (two or more stages) design. The Atlas missile had all three of its main rocket engines ignited at launch (two were jettisoned during flight) due to concerns about igniting rocket engines at high altitude and maintaining combustion stability. Martin, in

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A total of 21 Titan I launches took place during 1961, with five failures. On 20 January 1961, Missile AJ-10 launched from LC-19 at CCAS. The flight ended in failure when an improper disconnect of a pad umbilical caused an electrical short in the second stage. The Titan performed well through the

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The string of failures during 1959–60 led to complaints from the Air Force that Martin–Marietta weren't taking the Titan project seriously (since it was just a backup to the primary Atlas ICBM program) and displayed an indifferent, careless attitude that resulted in easily avoidable failure modes

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With attention shifting to the Titan II, there were only six Titan I flights during 1962, with one failure, when Missile SM-4 (21 January) experienced an electrical short in the second stage hydraulic actuator, which gimbaled hard left at T+98 seconds. Staging was performed successfully, but the

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The production of operational missiles began during the final stages of the flight test program. An operational specification SM-2 missile was launched from Vandenberg AFB LC-395-A3 on 21 January 1962, with the M7 missile launched on the last development flight from Cape Canaveral's LC-19 on 29

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A total of 62 flight test missiles were constructed in various numbers. The first successful launch was on 5 February 1959 with Titan I A3, and the last test flight was on 29 January 1962 with Titan I M7. Of the missiles produced, 49 launched and two exploded: six A-types (four launched), seven

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The distance between the antenna silos and the most distant missile silo was between 1,000 and 1,300 feet (400 m). These were by far the most complex, extensive and expensive missile launch facilities ever deployed by the USAF. Launching a missile required fueling it in its silo, and then

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The next launch at the end of the month (Missile J-4) suffered premature first stage shutdown and landed far short of its planned impact point. Cause of the failure was a LOX valve closing prematurely, which resulted in the rupture of a propellant duct and thrust termination. Missile J-6 on 24

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missile succeed on the initial attempt, which left launch crews unprepared for the series of failures that followed. Missile B-4 exploded from a LOX pump failure during a static firing at Martin's Denver test stand in May and assorted other mishaps occurred in the following two months.

431:(SM-65/HGM-16) ICBM, serving as a backup with potentially greater capabilities and an incentive for the Atlas contractor to work harder. Martin was selected as the contractor due to its proposed organization and method of igniting a liquid fueled engine at high altitude. 617:

with an effective range of 6,101 nautical miles (11,300 km). The first stage delivered 300,000 pounds (1,330 kN) of thrust, the second stage 80,000 pounds (356 kN). The fact that Titan I, like Atlas, burned Rocket Propellant 1

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The previous strategic missile programs of the Air Force had been administered using the "single prime contractor concept" (later called the weapon system concept). This had resulted in three badly botched programs; the programs of the

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Spirres, David 2012, On Alert An Operational History of the United States Air Force Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Program, 1945-2011, Air Force Space Command, United States Air Force, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 2012, p.

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target by the combination of gravity and air resistance alone. In May 1955 the Air Materiel Command invited contractors to submit proposals and bids for the two stage Titan I ICBM, formally beginning the program. In September 1955,

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By January 1955, the size of nuclear weapons had been shrinking dramatically, allowing the possibility of building a bomb that could be carried by a missile of reasonable size. The Titan I program began on the recommendation of the

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Spirers, David N., “On Alert An Operational History of the United States Air Force Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Program, 1945-2011,” Air Force Space Command, United States Air Force, Colorado Springs, Colorado,

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On Alert An Operational History of the United States Air Force Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Program, 1945-2011, Spires, David, p 147, Air Force Space Command, United States Air Force, Colorado Springs, Colorado

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working in vast complexes containing everything the missiles and crews needed for operation and survival. The complexes were composed of an entry portal, control center, powerhouse, terminal room, two antenna silos for the

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Lonnquest, John C and Winkler, David F., “To Defend and Deter: the Legacy of the Cold War Missile program,” U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, Champaign, IL Defense Publishing Service, Rock Island,

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Although most of the Titan I's teething problems were worked out by 1961, the missile was already eclipsed not only by the Atlas, but by its own design successor, the Titan II, a bigger, more powerful ICBM with storable

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B-types (two launched), six C-types (five launched), ten G-types (seven launched), 22 J-types (22 launched), four V-types (four launched), and seven M-types (seven launched). Missiles were tested and launched in

5182: 419:(USAF) their findings of the technical feasibility to develop weapons (bombs) and their delivery systems (intercontinental range ballistic missiles) that were completely invulnerable to "surprise" attack. 386:

missile development ran into problems, the Titan was ultimately beaten into service by Atlas. Deployment went ahead anyway to more rapidly increase the number of missiles on alert and because the Titan's

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was operational for only three years, it spawned numerous follow-on models that were a part of the U.S. arsenal and space launch capability. The Titan I was unique among the Titan models in that it used

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could not be open at the same time. This was to ensure that if there was an explosion in a missile launcher or the site was under attack, only the exposed antenna and/or missile silo would be damaged.

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The Titan I was considered for use as the first missile to put a man in space. Two of the firms responding to an Air Force "Request for Proposal" for "Project 7969," an early USAF project to "Put a

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Kaplan, Albert B. and Keyes, Lt. Colonel George W.1962 Lowry Area History 29 September 1958 – December 1961, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ballistic Missile Construction Office (CEBMCO), 1962, pg. 4.

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United States Air Force, The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, paragraph 1-159 - 6-1 - 6-4

661:-AJ-3 (booster) and LR91-AJ-3 (sustainer). George P. Sutton wrote "Aerojet's most successful set of large LPRE was that for the booster and sustainer stages of the versions of the Titan vehicle". 2047:

United States Air Force, The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, paragraph 1-159 - 1-161

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Clemmer, Wilbur E..1966, Phase-Out of the Atlas E and F and Titan I Weapon Systems, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Historical Research Division Air Force Logistics Command, 1966, p. 22-23.

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Clemmer, Wilbur E..1966, Phase-Out of the Atlas E and F and Titan I Weapon Systems, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Historical Research Division Air Force Logistics Command, 1962, p. 49.

2649:

Clemmer, Wilbur E..1966, Phase-Out of the Atlas E and F and Titan I Weapon Systems, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Historical Research Division Air Force Logistics Command, 1962, p. 31.

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Clemmer, Wilbur E..1966, Phase-Out of the Atlas E and F and Titan I Weapon Systems, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Historical Research Division Air Force Logistics Command, 1962, p. 28.

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Clemmer, Wilbur E..1966, Phase-Out of the Atlas E and F and Titan I Weapon Systems, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Historical Research Division Air Force Logistics Command, 1962, p. 25.

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was declared the contractor for the Titan missile. In early October the Air Force's Western Development Division was ordered to start work. The Titan was developed in parallel with the

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United States Air Force, The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, paragraph 1-159

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United States Air Force, The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, paragraph 1-173

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United States Air Force The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, paragraph 1-159

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United States Air Force, The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, Pg 7-1 - 7-3

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United States Air Force, The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, page 3-100

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United States Air Force The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, Figure 1-43

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was used as an undergraduate project until 1971, when the former electrical engineering undergraduate students (Athena Systems Development Group) orchestrated its donation to the

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United States Air Force, The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, page 6-1

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Green Warren E., 1962, The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 77.

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United States Air Force, The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, Pg 1-52

2507:

Green Warren E..1962, The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 85.

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United States Air Force, The T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, Pg 1-9

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 128.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. vi.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 54.

1848:"NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 19730015128: Long life assurance study for manned spacecraft long life hardware. Volume 3: Long life assurance studies of components" 1836:

Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 96.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 95.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 94.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 93.

1739:

Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 91.

1710:

Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 41.

1701:

Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 37.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 36.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 23.

1594:

Green, Warren E.. The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 17.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 17.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 11.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. vi.

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Of the 33 Titan I Strategic Missiles and two (plus five possible) Research and Development Missiles that were not launched, destroyed, or scrapped, several survive today:

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 24

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 4.

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Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 3.

1292: 1280: 1268: 489:, which started 5 October 1957, ended any talk of canceling Titan. Priority was restored, and 1958 saw increases in funding and plans for additional Titan squadrons. 653:

Division was the only manufacturer of large liquid propellent rocket engines the Air Force Western Development Division decided to develop a second source for them.

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to load, followed by the time required to raise and launch the first missile. Following the launch of the first missile the other two could reportedly be fired at

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Although Titan I's two stages gave it true intercontinental range and foreshadowed future multistage rockets, its propellants were dangerous and hard to handle.

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October set a record by flying 6100 miles. The J series resulted in minor changes to alleviate the second stage shutting down prematurely or failing to ignite.

1393:. It has been restored to correct external appearance and is now vertically displayed on the grounds. Its upper stage engine was also restored and on display. 1355: 2450:

Simpson, Col. Charlie, LOX and RP-1 – Fire Waiting to Happen, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 14, Number 3 2006, p. 1.

2214: 1778:

Cleary, Mark, The 6555th Missile and Space Launches Through 1970, 45th Space Wing History Office, Patrick Air Force Base, Florida, Chapter III Section 6

956: 4701: 1901:

Marsh, Lt. Col.Robert E., Launch of The Blue Gander Door, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 4, Number 1 1996, p. 8.

2896:

United States Air Force, “T.O. 21M-HGM25A-1-1, “Technical Manual, Operation and Organizational Maintenance USAF Model HGM-25A Missile Weapon System

4799: 4180: 2984: 2833:

Green, Warren E., “The Development of The SM-68 Titan”, Historical Office Deputy Commander for Aerospace Systems, Air Force Systems Command, 1962

2738: 2337: 2081:

Hoselton, Gary A., Titan I Guidance System, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 6, Number 1, March, 1998, p. 6.

2072:

Hoselton, Gary A., Titan I Guidance System, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 6, Number 1, March, 1998, p. 5.

2020:

Hoselton, Gary A., Titan I Guidance System, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 6, Number 1, March, 1998, p. 4.

4706: 4490: 3541: 3266: 3261: 2852: 2725: 2570:

Hoselton, Gary A., Titan I Guidance System, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 6, Number 1, March 1998, p. 5.

2561:

Hoselton, Gary A., Titan I Guidance System, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 6, Number 1, March 1998, p. 7.

2061: 1047: 4025: 2865: 2857:

Rosenberg, Max, “The Air Force and The National Guided Missile Program 1944-1949,” USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, Ann Arbor, 1964

463:

The Titan I represented an evolution of technology when compared to the Atlas missile program, but shared many of the Atlas' problems. The

2125:

Sutton, George P, History of Liquid Propellent Rocket Engines, Reston Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006,

1932: 1247:

The 26 ATHENA guidance computers, when declared surplus by the federal government, went to various United States universities. The one at

497:

The Titan I flight testing consisted of the first stage only Series I, the cancelled Series II, and Series III with the complete missile.

536:

Further problems occurred over the next several months. Missiles continued to be damaged through careless personnel mistakes and General

4741: 4615: 2935: 1321: 4736: 3282: 2182: 1652:

Sheehan, Neil 2009, A Fiery Peace in a Cold War Bernard Schriever and the Ultimate Weapon, New York: Vintage Books, 2009, pp. 255–257.

1643:

Sheehan, Neil 2009, A Fiery Peace in a Cold War Bernard Schriever and the Ultimate Weapon, New York: Vintage Books, 2009, pp. 233–234.

874:

radars in silos each with "20 foot (6 m) tall antenna" raised prior to launch and locked to the raised Titan's "missileborne antenna".

356: 3256: 2890: 2880: 2603: 2516:

Hoselton, Gary A., Titan I Guidance System, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 6, Number 1998, p. 6.

2438: 2130: 2104: 1961: 1920: 1881: 1724: 1461: 1369:

SM-61 60-3706 Gotte Park, Kimball, NE (only first stage standing, damaged by winds in '96?) Vertical (damaged by winds 7/94 ?)

3307: 1892:

See, Earl , Titan Missile Memoirs, Huntington Beach, California: American Aviation Historical Society Journal, Summer 2014, p. 118.

2885:

Sutton, George P., “History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines,” American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA,

1847: 1421: 703:

Total production missiles built: 163 Titan 1s; 62 R&D Missiles – 49 launched & 101 Strategic Missiles (SMs) – 17 launched.

4661: 4505: 4217: 3195: 2919: 1152: 1133: 1114: 1095: 1076: 1057: 506: 138: 34: 2375: 5128: 2909: 1255:. One remained in use at Vandenberg AFB until it guided a last Thor-Agena launch in May 1972. It had guided over 400 missiles. 1209:

were deployed in 1963, the Titan I and Atlas missiles became obsolete. They were retired from service as ICBMs in early 1965.

5187: 4696: 2804: 3251: 1490:

SM-?? (stg. 1 only) Science Museum, Bayamon, Puerto Rico (top half from Bell's Junkyard) Vert. (stg 1 mated to stg 1 above)

2778: 1974: 4766: 4510: 4418: 4403: 1481:

SM-?? (stg. 1 only) former Spaceport USA Rocket Garden, Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Vert. (stg 1 mated to stg 1 below)

673: 2672: 2606:

United States Cold War Missile Program,U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, Champaign, IL., page 137

1484:

SM-?? (stg. 1 only) former Spaceport USA Rocket Garden, Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Vert. (stg 1 mated to stg 1 above)

1451:

SM-92 61-4519 (st. 1) Kansas Cosmosphere, Hutchinson, Kansas. (acq. 11/93 from MCDD) Vertical (st 1 mate to SM-94 st 1)

5144: 4759: 4686: 4681: 4500: 4367: 3287: 2489:

Simpson, Charles G, The Titan I part 2, Breckenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, October 1993, p. 5.

2282: 1259: 4589: 1750: 1457:

SM-94 61-4521 (st. 1) Kansas Cosmosphere, Hutchinson, Kansas. (acq. 6/93 from MCDD) Vertical (st 1 mate to SM-92 st 1)

918:

controlled a total of nine missiles divided among three launch sites, with the six operational units spread across the

4792: 4165: 2977: 1237: 569: 158: 2534:

Simpson, Charles G, The Titan I part 1, Breckenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, July 1993, p. 3.

2142:

Hansen, Chuck, Swords of Armageddon, 1995, Chukelea Publications, Sunnyvale, California, page Volume VII Page 290-293

4777: 3519: 1216:(VAFB) occurred on 5 March 1965. At that time, the disposition of the 101 total production missiles was as follows: 472:

models were equipped with what would have been the Titan I's guidance system The Titan I would be deployed with the

4676: 4460: 4140: 3905: 3900: 3779: 3359: 3317: 1442: 1248: 927: 1604: 4327: 4242: 4175: 4005: 3769: 3534: 3238: 2860:

Sheehan, Neil, “A Fiery Peace in a Cold War: Bernard Schriever and the Ultimate Weapon.” New York: Random House.

2153: 2056:

Achieving Accuracy a Legacy of Computers and Missiles, by Marshall W. McMurran, p 141, Xlibris Corporation, 2008

1426: 1407: 1386: 1376: 1213: 895: 5177: 5103: 4716: 4651: 3312: 3297: 2720:

McMurran, Marshall W., Achieving Accuracy a Legacy of Computers and Missiles, p 141, Xlibris Corporation, 2008

668:

with a yield of 3.75 megatons which was fuzed for either air burst or contact burst. The Mk 4 RV also deployed

4809: 4549: 4155: 3473: 3025: 1252: 610: 424: 416: 380: 59: 4785: 3970: 3380: 3015: 2970: 2847:

Mc Murran, Marshall W, “Achieving Accuracy a Legacy of Computers and Missiles,” Xlibris Corporation, 2008

1526: 1500:

Note: Two stacked Titan-1 first stages created a perfect illusion of a Titan-2 Missile for museums above.

557:

such as Missile C-3's range safety command destruct system relays being placed in a vibration-prone area.

5062: 5057: 4525: 4317: 3890: 3794: 3005: 1521: 1512:(MISS)". Two of the four firms which responded, Martin and Avco, proposed using Titan I as the booster. 1430: 1396:

SM-70 61-4497 Veterans Home, Quincy, IL Vertical (removed and sent to DMAFB for destruction in May 2010)

1390: 919: 665: 593: 4192: 4160: 1493:

SM-?? (full missile) former Outside main gate of White Sands Missile Range, N.M. false report? Vertical

5149: 4721: 4671: 4579: 4089: 3527: 3395: 3385: 3302: 3292: 3159: 3108: 1509: 832: 824: 77: 4387: 4382: 3134: 1876:

Stumpf, David K., Titan II, p 22-26, The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 2000

537: 5052: 4267: 4227: 4222: 4067: 3990: 2927: 2116:

Widnal Perair S., Lecture L14 - Variable Mass Systems The: Rocket Equation, 2008, MIT OpenCourseWar

373: 4559: 4520: 4352: 1956:

Stumpf, David K., Titan II, p 277, The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 2000

1915:

Stumpf, David K., Titan II, p 276, The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 2000

5047: 4302: 4252: 4187: 4109: 4077: 3784: 3642: 2668: 2598:

Stumpf, David K., Titan II, p 31, The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 2000

1382:

SM-67 61-4494 Titusville High School, Titusville, Florida (on Route US-1) removed, was horizontal

1069: 943: 840: 3499: 3164: 657:-General was selected to design and manufacture the engines for the Titan. Aerojet produced the 3154: 3149: 3144: 1233:(three at VAFB, one at each of five bases, one at Lowry, and 20 in storage at SBAMA elsewhere) 5093: 4957: 4731: 4711: 4362: 4307: 4262: 4232: 4030: 4020: 3855: 3600: 3431: 2931: 2886: 2876: 2861: 2848: 2721: 2599: 2434: 2208: 2126: 2100: 2057: 1957: 1916: 1877: 1720: 1448:

SM-89 61-4516 (st. 2) Pima Air Museum, outside DM AFB, Tucson, Arizona, now WPAFB Horizontal

1359: 1206: 1084: 614: 399: 353: 4534: 4357: 4119: 3426: 3139: 1813: 564:

Titan I missile emerges from its silo at Vandenberg Operational System Test Facility in 1960.

5118: 5002: 4987: 4866: 4726: 4631: 4347: 4332: 4212: 4207: 4114: 4099: 3960: 3950: 3724: 3714: 3697: 3612: 3052: 1536: 1454:

SM-93 61-4520 (st. 2) SLC-10 Museum, Vandenberg AFB, Lompoc, Ca. Horizontal (only stage 2)

1337: 1202: 950:. Each missile complex had three Titan I ICBM missiles ready to launch at any given time. 931: 871: 819: 815: 412: 395: 301: 241: 2875:

Stumpf, David K., Titan II, The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 2000

2189: 1487:

SM-?? (stg. 1 only) Science Museum, Bayamon, Puerto Rico Vert. (stg 1 mated to stg 1 below)

1416:

SM-79 61-4506 former Oklahoma State Fair Grounds, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 1960s Horizontal

434:

The Titan I was initially designated as a bomber aircraft (B-68), but was later designated

5113: 4937: 4584: 4569: 4539: 4480: 4428: 4423: 4377: 4292: 4247: 4150: 3995: 3965: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3774: 3759: 3754: 3729: 3719: 3657: 3622: 3590: 3575: 3478: 3421: 2922:

by Kristin Alexander about Titan 1 complexes in Washington State. Published 22 March 1998.

2913: 1177: 864: 669: 597: 428: 402:

until 1987 and had increased capacity and range in addition to the different propellants.

346: 2250: 1351:

SM-53 60-3698 Site 395-C Museum, Vandenberg AFB, Lompoc, Ca. (from March AFB) Horizontal

5037: 5017: 4997: 4992: 4646: 4544: 4470: 4443: 4372: 4237: 4145: 4104: 4072: 4057: 4015: 3910: 3885: 3870: 3834: 3824: 3789: 3764: 3744: 3709: 3662: 3627: 3585: 3129: 1467:

SM-101 61-4528 Estrella Warbirds Museum, Paso Robles, CA (2nd stage damaged) Horizontal

1345: 1327:

R&D (57–2743) Colorado State Capitol display 1959 (SN belongs to a Bomarc) Vertical

486: 5166: 5067: 5042: 5012: 4947: 4922: 4912: 4892: 4876: 4485: 4450: 4438: 4433: 4322: 4170: 3980: 3920: 3895: 3875: 3865: 3839: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3704: 3687: 3637: 3617: 3595: 3570: 3565: 2939: 2764: 2420: 2379: 1341: 1141: 914: 464: 456: 365: 226: 613:(which became "The Martin Company" in 1957), Titan I was a two-stage, liquid-fueled 5123: 4967: 4962: 4927: 4871: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4610: 4594: 4574: 4564: 4554: 4515: 4465: 4455: 4408: 4342: 4312: 4272: 4257: 4094: 4047: 4000: 3975: 3940: 3860: 3749: 3667: 3580: 3068: 2906: 1719:

Divine, Robert A., The Sputnik Challenge, New York: Oxford University Press, 1990,

1413:

SM-73 61-4500 former Holiday Motor Lodge, San Bernardino (now missing?). Horizontal

1308: 1145: 947: 857: 853: 836: 452: 388: 2808: 2619: 1438:

SM-86 61-4513 Beale AFB (not on display, was horizontal, removed 1994) Horizontal

5083: 5007: 4982: 4977: 4952: 4932: 4917: 4831: 4282: 4052: 4042: 3945: 3733: 3682: 3652: 3647: 3632: 3607: 3375: 3010: 2433:

Walker, Chuck Atlas The Ultimate Weapon, Burlington Canada: Apogee Books, 2005,

2099:

Walker,Chuck, Atlas The Ultimate Weapon, Burlington Canada: Apogee Books, 2005,

1978: 879: 448: 435: 383: 360: 230: 1298:

Titan-I ICBM SM vehicles being destroyed at Mira Loma AFS for the SALT-1 Treaty

1286:

Titan-I ICBM SM vehicles being destroyed at Mira Loma AFS for the SALT-1 Treaty

1274:

Titan-I ICBM SM vehicles being destroyed at Mira Loma AFS for the SALT-1 Treaty

5108: 5098: 5088: 5032: 5027: 4084: 3985: 3955: 3169: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 2677: 1164: 1065: 939: 911: 891: 650: 573: 568:

In December, Missile V-2 was undergoing a flight readiness test in a silo at

4666: 3880: 3829: 3400: 3103: 3098: 2952: 2782: 2322: 2231: 1754: 1469: 1160: 1122: 1103: 883: 867:

set with 440 volt 3 phase AC input weighed over 2 tons" at remote locations

473: 469: 1330:

R&D G-type Science and Technology Museum, Chicago 21 June 1963 Vertical

2029:

Guidance Changes Made on Atlas, Titan, Aviation Week 28 July 1958, page 22

664:

The warhead of the Titan I was an AVCO Mk 4 re-entry vehicle containing a

26: 4529: 3113: 2957: 1363: 1126: 1107: 923: 627: 5022: 4413: 4287: 4277: 4202: 4135: 3504: 3494: 3390: 3174: 2354: 898:

in California, the last of over 400 missile flights using the Athena.

796: 750: 654: 502: 38: 2157: 335: 4972: 4495: 4475: 4337: 4297: 4197: 4062: 4037: 4010: 3915: 2946: 2926:

Information on "Northern California Triad" of Titan missile bases in

2762:”Missile Destroyed in First Sdi Test At High-energy Laser Facility”, 1223:

one was destroyed in Beale AFB Site 851-C1 silo explosion 24 May 1962

811: 468:

silo and an improved fully internal inertial guidance system. Later

2268: 890:, during a missile launch. The last Athena-controlled launch was a 5150:

United States tri-service missile and drone designations post-1962

4691: 4641: 4636: 3739: 3677: 3672: 3441: 3436: 3416: 3354: 3349: 3344: 2378:. Johnathan's Space Report Launch Vehicle Database. Archived from 2257:. A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems. 1468: 1420: 1372:

SM-63 60-3708 In storage at Edwards AFB (still there?) Horizontal

1307: 1088: 935: 559: 2699: 3446: 2962: 1419:

SM-81 61-4508 Kansas Cosmosphere, Hutchinson, Kansas. In storage

799: 753: 658: 619: 522: 518: 514: 510: 369: 322: 282: 262: 215: 49: 4781: 3523: 2966: 1478:

SM-?? (stg. 2 only) former SDI laser test target (whereabouts?)

676:

balloons which replicated the radar signature of the Mk 4 RV.

623: 326: 266: 2620:"Mira Loma Quartermaster. Depot (Mira Loma Air Force Station" 1220:

17 were test launched from VAFB (September 1961 – March 1965)

1814:

https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb249/doc02-vol1.pdf

1410:

Air and Space Museum, Florence, South Carolina. Horizontal

2840:

USAF Historical Division Liaison Office: Ann Arbor, 1967.

2338:"Letter Concerning the Last Athena guided Missile Launch" 2038:

Titan Guidance Switch, Aviation Week 6 April 195, page 31

5183:

Intercontinental ballistic missiles of the United States

4761:

United States tri-service rocket designations post-1963

1445:, outside DM AFB, Tucson, Arizona, now WPAFB Horizontal 2953:

A site for the Univac Athena Missile Guidance Computer

835:

design with separate data and instruction memories by

1464:, Ellsworth AFB, Rapid City, South Dakota. Horizontal 886:

circuits such as fuses from deactivating the machine

5076: 4905: 4885: 4824: 4817: 4624: 4603: 4396: 4128: 3848: 3558: 3551:

1963 United States Tri-Service missile designations

3487: 3466: 3459: 3409: 3368: 3337: 3330: 3275: 3237: 3194: 3187: 3122: 3061: 3040: 3033: 2998: 2290:

Carnegie Institute of Technology Computation Center

709:

Titan base cost: $ 170,000,000 (US$ 1.75B in 2024)

318: 310: 300: 288: 277: 272: 258: 250: 240: 221: 210: 205: 197: 189: 181: 173: 165: 134: 126: 121: 113: 105: 97: 89: 84: 73: 65: 55: 45: 697:Development cost: $ 1,643,300,000 in 1960 dollars. 1236:The 83 surplus missiles remained in inventory at 16:Early American intercontinental ballistic missile 2838:The Air Force and Strategic Deterrence 1951-1960 1933:"Titan I Captive and Flight Test Firing History" 700:Flyaway cost: $ 1,500,000 each, in 1962 dollars. 359:(ICBM), in use from 1959 until 1962. Though the 2958:The most comprehensive site about Titan I bases 2916:by Earl See Titan Missile Memoirs. Summer 2014. 5173:Cold War nuclear missiles of the United States 1846:Martin Marietta Corporation (September 1972). 1532:List of military aircraft of the United States 1496:SM-?? (full missile) Spacetec CCAFS Horizontal 4793: 3535: 2978: 372:as propellants; all subsequent versions used 8: 2907:American Aviation Historical Society Journal 2807:. Encyclopedia Astronautica=. Archived from 2781:. Encyclopedia Astronautica=. Archived from 1356:Strategic Air Command & Aerospace Museum 1226:54 were deployed in silos on 20 January 1965 1051:Map Of HGM-25A Titan I Operational Squadrons 818:to transmit to the Titan missile as part of 379:Originally designed as a backup in case the 19: 2177: 2175: 1403:, now AMARC (to go to PIMA Mus.) Horizontal 5193:Military equipment introduced in the 1950s 4821: 4800: 4786: 4778: 3542: 3528: 3520: 3463: 3334: 3191: 3037: 2985: 2971: 2963: 2226: 2224: 1312:Titan I in Cordele, Georgia, I-75 exit 101 792:Propellants: liquid oxygen (LOX), kerosene 777:Isp (sea level): 210 s (2.06 kN·s/kg) 746:Propellants: liquid oxygen (LOX), kerosene 731:Isp (sea level): 256 s (2.51 kN·s/kg) 18: 2700:"The Hotchkiss Titan I ICBM Missile Base" 2418:"Guidance Changes Made on Atlas, Titan", 2323:"Univac Athena Missile Guidance Computer" 2232:"Univac Athena Missile Guidance Computer" 1786: 1784: 2614: 2612: 2485: 2483: 2016: 2014: 1832: 1830: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1774: 1772: 1735: 1733: 1697: 1695: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1581: 1579: 1548: 1379:, Mountain View, California. Horizontal 1264: 850:AN/GSK-1 Computer Set Console (OA-2654) 391:basing was more survivable than Atlas. 2213:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2206: 1973:Air Force Space & Missile Museum. 1749:Air Force Space & Missile Museum. 882:" mode ("melt-before-fail") prevented 706:Total deployed strategic missiles: 54. 2678:"Abandoned Titan I Missile Base – CO" 870:input from one of two large AN/GRW-5 728:Isp (vac): 290 s (2.84 kN·s/kg) 584:second stage engine failed to start. 7: 1322:Air Force Space & Missile Museum 774:Isp (vac): 308 s (3.02 kN·s/kg) 31:Launch of a Titan I SM/567.8-90 ICBM 2936:Live Oak, Sutter County, California 2737:Shufelt, Wayne (17 October 1972). 2269:"UNIVAC 24-bit computer genealogy" 2156:. missilebases.com. Archived from 357:intercontinental ballistic missile 14: 5145:USAF missile designations 1947–51 4767:Drones designated in UAV sequence 2355:"Information Technology Pioneers" 1462:South Dakota Air and Space Museum 1033: 1019: 1005: 991: 977: 963: 846:Used with the computer were the: 415:. The committee presented to the 109:105,140 kg (231,790 lb) 3024: 2622:. California Military Department 1291: 1279: 1267: 1153:851st Strategic Missile Squadron 1134:850th Strategic Missile Squadron 1115:725th Strategic Missile Squadron 1096:724th Strategic Missile Squadron 1077:569th Strategic Missile Squadron 1058:568th Strategic Missile Squadron 1032: 1018: 1004: 990: 976: 962: 955: 507:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 476:radio-inertial guidance system. 25: 5129:Supersonic Low Altitude Missile 4812:rocket and missile designations 4176:BGM-109/AGM-109/RGM-109/UGM-109 1385:SM-69 61-4496 (full missile) 1333:SM-5 60-3650 Lompoc? Horizontal 2249:Weik, Martin H. (March 1961). 894:missile launched in 1972 from 1: 843:and cost about $ 1,800,000. 685:Liftoff thrust: 1,296 kN 438:and finally HGM-25A in 1962. 413:Scientific Advisory Committee 352:was the United States' first 2768:, 23 September 1985, page 17 2744:. Letter to Dr. Uta Merzbach 1304:Static displays and articles 1260:Strategic Defense Initiative 1607:. Strategic-Air-Command.com 1443:Pima Air & Space Museum 1229:29 were in storage at SBAMA 831:The Athena computer used a 814:Athena computer calculated 725:Thrust (vac): 1,467 kN 688:Total mass: 105,142 kg 588:on impact with the ground. 5209: 2680:. YouTube. 15 October 2014 2154:"History of Missile Bases" 1504:Prospective manned flights 1320:B2 57-2691 Cape Canaveral 1155:February 1961 – March 1965 765:Gross mass: 28,939 kg 719:Gross mass: 76,203 kg 101:3.05 m (10.0 ft) 5137: 4750: 3022: 2152:missilebases.com (2011). 1427:Discovery Park of America 1408:Florence Regional Airport 1387:Discovery Park of America 1377:NASA Ames Research Center 1214:Vandenberg Air Force Base 1201:When the storable-fueled 896:Vandenberg Air Force Base 828:short tons; 9.5 t). 768:Empty mass: 1,725 kg 722:Empty mass: 4,000 kg 666:W38 thermonuclear warhead 570:Vandenberg Air Force Base 332: 24: 2739:"Univac Athena computer" 2376:"List of Titan Launches" 2283:"Athena Reference guide" 806:Athena guidance computer 771:Thrust (vac):356 kN 4810:United States Air Force 2947:Titan 1 Upgrade Project 2920:Tri-City Herald article 2912:4 December 2021 at the 2424:, 28 July 1958, page 22 1441:SM-88 61-4515 (st. 1) 1253:Smithsonian Institution 1060:April 1961 – March 1965 841:Sperry Rand Corporation 795:Number of engines: one 749:Number of engines: two 611:Glenn L. Martin Company 417:United States Air Force 93:31 m (102 ft) 2805:"Martin Project 7969s" 1527:List of Titan launches 1474: 1434: 1313: 1212:The final launch from 1136:June 1960 – March 1965 1117:April 1961 – June 1965 1098:April 1961 – June 1965 1079:June 1961 – March 1965 594:hypergolic propellants 565: 509:from Launch Complexes 350:SM-68A/HGM-25A Titan I 5188:Titan (rocket family) 4737:M30 GMLRS/M31 GMLRS-U 2949:at NASA Moffett Field 1472: 1424: 1401:U.S. Air Force Museum 1391:Union City, Tennessee 1311: 1205:and the solid-fueled 920:western United States 622:) and liquid oxygen ( 563: 4021:AGM-84/RGM-84/UGM-84 3109:Commercial Titan III 2779:"Avco Project 7969s" 2195:on 16 September 2012 1510:Man in Space Soonest 1324:, Florida Horizontal 1258:On 6 September 1985 1048:class=notpageimage| 833:Harvard architecture 825:ballistic trajectory 694:Total length: 31.0 m 691:Core diameter: 3.1 m 374:storable propellants 4818:Air-to-air missiles 3500:Pratt & Whitney 2928:Lincoln, California 2836:Lemmer, George F., 2811:on 28 December 2016 2382:on 23 February 2016 1981:on 12 November 2019 1522:Titan rocket family 398:served in the U.S. 21: 5077:Undesignated types 4886:1961–1963 sequence 4825:1955–1961 sequence 2292:. 22 October 1968. 2238:. 26 January 2018. 1475: 1435: 1314: 820:Western Electric's 566: 480:Budgetary problems 442:Program management 425:The Martin Company 5158: 5157: 4901: 4900: 4775: 4774: 3517: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3455: 3454: 3326: 3325: 3183: 3182: 2932:Chico, California 2853:978-1-4363-8106-2 2726:978-1-4363-8106-2 2321:DiVecchio, Mark. 2062:978-1-4363-8106-2 1425:SM-69 61-4496 at 1085:Mountain Home AFB 626:) meant that the 615:ballistic missile 400:nuclear deterrent 343: 342: 292:356 kN (80,000 lb 66:Country of origin 5200: 4822: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4779: 4762: 3544: 3537: 3530: 3521: 3464: 3335: 3192: 3053:LGM-25C Titan II 3038: 3028: 2987: 2980: 2973: 2964: 2866:978-0679-42284-6 2821: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2775: 2769: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2743: 2734: 2728: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2702:. Bari Hotchkiss 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2650: 2647: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2616: 2607: 2596: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2544: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2508: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2478: 2475: 2469: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2431: 2425: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2336:Shufelt, Wayne. 2333: 2327: 2326: 2318: 2312: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2287: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2228: 2219: 2218: 2212: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2194: 2188:. Archived from 2187: 2179: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2149: 2143: 2140: 2134: 2123: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2073: 2070: 2064: 2054: 2048: 2045: 2039: 2036: 2030: 2027: 2021: 2018: 2009: 2006: 2000: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1977:. Archived from 1970: 1964: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1937: 1929: 1923: 1913: 1902: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1884: 1874: 1868: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1843: 1837: 1834: 1825: 1822: 1816: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1791: 1788: 1779: 1776: 1767: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1757:on 29 March 2020 1753:. Archived from 1746: 1740: 1737: 1728: 1717: 1711: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1690: 1687: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1668: 1662: 1659: 1653: 1650: 1644: 1641: 1635: 1632: 1626: 1623: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1601: 1595: 1592: 1586: 1583: 1574: 1571: 1565: 1562: 1556: 1553: 1537:List of missiles 1338:Cordele, Georgia 1295: 1283: 1271: 1036: 1035: 1022: 1021: 1008: 1007: 994: 993: 980: 979: 966: 965: 959: 922:in five states: 872:Western Electric 780:Burn time: 225 s 734:Burn time: 138 s 670:penetration aids 644: 643: 639: 636: 609:Produced by the 396:LGM-25C Titan II 381:U.S. Air Force's 336:edit on Wikidata 302:Specific impulse 242:Specific impulse 161:OSTF SLTF LC-395 29: 22: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5198: 5197: 5178:Lockheed Martin 5163: 5162: 5159: 5154: 5133: 5072: 4897: 4881: 4813: 4806: 4776: 4771: 4760: 4746: 4620: 4599: 4392: 4263:RUM-125/UUM-125 4243:CQM-121/CGM-121 4124: 3844: 3554: 3548: 3518: 3509: 3483: 3479:Lockheed Martin 3451: 3405: 3364: 3322: 3271: 3233: 3179: 3118: 3057: 3048:HGM-25A Titan I 3029: 3020: 2994: 2991: 2914:Wayback Machine 2903: 2830: 2825: 2824: 2814: 2812: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2788: 2786: 2785:on 4 March 2016 2777: 2776: 2772: 2761: 2757: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2676: 2673:Wayback Machine 2666: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2625: 2623: 2618: 2617: 2610: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2481: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2432: 2428: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2348: 2340: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2285: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2230: 2229: 2222: 2205: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2185: 2183:"Archived copy" 2181: 2180: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2160:on 2 March 2009 2151: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2137: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2012: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1984: 1982: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1955: 1951: 1941: 1939: 1938:. February 1962 1935: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1914: 1905: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1852: 1850: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1794: 1789: 1782: 1777: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1731: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1620: 1610: 1608: 1605:"Titan Missile" 1603: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1518: 1506: 1306: 1299: 1296: 1287: 1284: 1275: 1272: 1199: 1173: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1023: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1001: 1000: 999: 995: 987: 986: 985: 981: 973: 972: 971: 967: 930:, both east of 904: 902:Service history 865:motor-generator 816:ground commands 808: 783:Diameter: 2.3 m 737:Diameter: 3.1 m 682: 672:in the form of 641: 637: 634: 632: 607: 605:Characteristics 598:Robert McNamara 495: 482: 444: 408: 394:The succeeding 347:Martin Marietta 339: 295: 234: 193:6 February 1959 185:17 (suborbital) 177:53 (suborbital) 169:70 (suborbital) 157: 145: 74:Cost per launch 41: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5206: 5204: 5196: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5165: 5164: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4909: 4907: 4903: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4889: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4828: 4826: 4819: 4815: 4814: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4797: 4790: 4782: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4757: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4647:Common Missile 4644: 4639: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4447: 4446: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4125: 4123: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4081: 4080: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4028: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3553:, 1963–present 3549: 3547: 3546: 3539: 3532: 3524: 3515: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3470: 3468: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3341: 3339: 3332: 3328: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3243: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3200: 3198: 3196:Cape Canaveral 3189: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3135:Titan-Vanguard 3132: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3065: 3063: 3062:Launch Systems 3059: 3058: 3056: 3055: 3050: 3044: 3042: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2989: 2982: 2975: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2944: 2923: 2917: 2902: 2901:External links 2899: 2898: 2897: 2894: 2883: 2873: 2869: 2858: 2855: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2796: 2770: 2755: 2729: 2713: 2691: 2660: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2608: 2591: 2581: 2572: 2563: 2554: 2545: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2500: 2491: 2479: 2470: 2461: 2452: 2443: 2426: 2411: 2402: 2393: 2367: 2346: 2328: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2274: 2260: 2241: 2236:Mark DiVecchio 2220: 2171: 2144: 2135: 2118: 2109: 2092: 2083: 2074: 2065: 2049: 2040: 2031: 2022: 2010: 2001: 1992: 1975:"Complex 395A" 1965: 1949: 1924: 1903: 1894: 1885: 1869: 1860: 1838: 1826: 1817: 1806: 1792: 1780: 1768: 1741: 1729: 1712: 1703: 1691: 1682: 1672: 1663: 1654: 1645: 1636: 1627: 1618: 1596: 1587: 1575: 1566: 1557: 1547: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1517: 1514: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1465: 1460:SM-96 61-4523 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1439: 1436: 1431:Union City, TN 1417: 1414: 1411: 1406:SM-72 61-4499 1404: 1399:SM-71 61-4498 1397: 1394: 1383: 1380: 1375:SM-65 61-4492 1373: 1370: 1367: 1354:SM-54 60-3699 1352: 1349: 1346:U.S. Route 280 1344:, exit 101 at 1340:(west side of 1336:SM-49 60-3694 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1266: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1198: 1195: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1157: 1156: 1149: 1148: 1138: 1137: 1130: 1129: 1119: 1118: 1111: 1110: 1100: 1099: 1092: 1091: 1081: 1080: 1073: 1072: 1062: 1061: 1046: 1045: 1039: 1038: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1003: 1002: 997: 996: 989: 988: 983: 982: 975: 974: 969: 968: 961: 960: 954: 953: 952: 903: 900: 876: 875: 868: 861: 856:terminal with 851: 807: 804: 803: 802: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 757: 756: 747: 744: 743:Length: 16.0 m 741: 738: 735: 732: 729: 726: 723: 720: 711: 710: 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 681: 680:Specifications 678: 606: 603: 538:Osmond Ritland 494: 493:Flight testing 491: 487:Sputnik crisis 481: 478: 443: 440: 407: 404: 341: 340: 333: 330: 329: 320: 316: 315: 312: 308: 307: 304: 298: 297: 293: 290: 286: 285: 279: 275: 274: 270: 269: 260: 256: 255: 252: 248: 247: 244: 238: 237: 232: 223: 219: 218: 212: 208: 207: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 191: 187: 186: 183: 179: 178: 175: 171: 170: 167: 166:Total launches 163: 162: 159:Vandenberg AFB 139:Cape Canaveral 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 122:Launch history 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 82: 81: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 60:Martin Company 57: 53: 52: 47: 43: 42: 35:Cape Canaveral 30: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5205: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5161: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5136: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4803: 4798: 4796: 4791: 4789: 4784: 4783: 4780: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 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3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3633:CGM-13/MGM-13 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3545: 3540: 3538: 3533: 3531: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3460:Manufacturers 3458: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 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1063: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1049: 958: 951: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 928:two squadrons 925: 921: 916: 915:liquid oxygen 913: 908: 901: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 873: 869: 866: 862: 859: 855: 852: 849: 848: 847: 844: 842: 838: 834: 829: 826: 821: 817: 813: 805: 801: 798: 794: 791: 789:Length: 9.8 m 788: 785: 782: 779: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 763: 762: 761: 760:Second Stage: 755: 752: 748: 745: 742: 739: 736: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 717: 716: 715: 708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 683: 679: 677: 675: 671: 667: 662: 660: 656: 652: 646: 629: 625: 621: 616: 612: 604: 602: 599: 595: 589: 585: 581: 577: 575: 571: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 539: 534: 530: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 498: 492: 490: 488: 479: 477: 475: 471: 466: 465:liquid oxygen 461: 458: 454: 450: 441: 439: 437: 432: 430: 426: 420: 418: 414: 405: 403: 401: 397: 392: 390: 385: 382: 377: 375: 371: 367: 366:liquid oxygen 362: 358: 355: 351: 348: 337: 331: 328: 324: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 303: 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Retrieved 1599: 1590: 1569: 1560: 1551: 1507: 1499: 1315: 1257: 1246: 1242: 1235: 1232: 1211: 1200: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1174: 1146:South Dakota 948:South Dakota 909: 905: 887: 877: 854:Friden, Inc. 845: 837:Seymour Cray 830: 809: 759: 758: 714:First Stage: 713: 712: 663: 647: 608: 590: 586: 582: 578: 567: 555: 551: 547: 543: 535: 531: 527: 499: 496: 483: 462: 445: 433: 421: 409: 393: 389:missile silo 378: 349: 344: 273:Second stage 201:5 March 1965 190:First flight 135:Launch sites 56:Manufacturer 5084:Alpha Draco 4906:Other types 4722:Senior Prom 3760:LGM-35 (II) 3318:Little Rock 3011:SM-68 Titan 2815:11 November 2789:11 November 2748:14 February 2706:14 February 2684:14 February 2626:11 November 2386:13 February 2360:11 February 2164:4 September 1985:11 November 1942:12 November 1761:11 November 1473:LR87 engine 1348:). Vertical 1207:Minuteman I 880:battleshort 786:Span: 2.3 m 740:Span: 3.1 m 436:SM-68 Titan 384:SM-65 Atlas 314:155 seconds 306:308 seconds 254:140 seconds 246:290 seconds 206:First stage 198:Last flight 174:Success(es) 80:1.5 million 5167:Categories 5109:Pye Wacket 5099:High Virgo 5089:Bold Orion 4808:1955–1962 4439:AGM-158A/B 3755:AQM-35 (I) 3331:Components 3239:Vandenberg 3170:Titan IIIM 3165:Titan IIIL 3094:Titan IIIE 3089:Titan IIID 3084:Titan IIIC 3079:Titan IIIB 3074:Titan IIIA 2828:References 1611:6 February 1543:References 1366:. Vertical 1197:Retirement 1165:California 1070:Washington 1066:Larson AFB 944:Washington 940:California 892:Thor-Agena 858:paper tape 651:Rocketdyne 574:California 354:multistage 319:Propellant 259:Propellant 182:Failure(s) 5142:See also: 4755:See also: 4667:Have Dash 4031:AGM-84H/K 3730:MGM-31A/B 3401:Transtage 3313:McConnell 3298:Ellsworth 3155:Titan IIS 3150:Titan IIL 3145:Titan IIB 3104:Titan 23G 3099:Titan 34D 2199:22 August 1751:"Titan I" 1161:Beale AFB 1123:Lowry AFB 1104:Lowry AFB 1040:851st SMS 1026:850th SMS 1012:725th SMS 998:724th SMS 984:569th SMS 970:568th SMS 912:Cryogenic 884:fail-safe 863:"massive 860:equipment 474:Bell Labs 470:Atlas E/F 376:instead. 311:Burn time 283:LR91-AJ-3 251:Burn time 229:(430,000 216:LR87-AJ-3 5094:Cherokee 4530:AIM-174B 4444:AGM-158C 4181:BGM-109G 4078:"AIM-92" 3432:Orbus 21 3338:Boosters 3229:(S)LC-41 3224:(S)LC-40 3114:Titan IV 3041:Missiles 3016:Launches 2910:Archived 2868:, (2009) 2671:and the 2441:, p. 154 2251:"ATHENA" 2209:cite web 2133:, p. 380 1727:, p. xv. 1516:See also 1364:Nebraska 1249:Carnegie 1203:Titan II 1127:Colorado 1108:Colorado 924:Colorado 823:start a 628:oxidizer 98:Diameter 46:Function 5119:Skydart 4893:AIM-101 4732:Wagtail 4712:OpFires 4632:Aequare 4616:MIM-401 4611:AIM-260 4595:AGM-187 4590:MQM-186 4585:MQM-185 4580:RGM-184 4575:AGM-183 4570:LGM-182 4565:AGM-181 4560:AGM-180 4555:AGM-179 4550:MQM-178 4545:BQM-177 4540:AGM-176 4535:MQM-175 4526:RIM-174 4521:GQM-173 4516:FGM-172 4511:MQM-171 4506:MQM-170 4501:AGM-169 4496:MGM-168 4491:BQM-167 4486:MGM-166 4481:RGM-165 4476:MGM-164 4471:GQM-163 4466:RIM-162 4461:RIM-161 4456:ADM-160 4451:AGM-159 4434:MGM-157 4429:RIM-156 4424:BQM-155 4419:AGM-154 4414:AGM-153 4409:AIM-152 4404:FQM-151 4397:151–200 4388:PQM-150 4383:PQM-149 4378:FGM-148 4373:BQM-147 4368:MIM-146 4363:BQM-145 4358:ADM-144 4353:MQM-143 4348:AGM-142 4343:ADM-141 4338:MGM-140 4333:RUM-139 4328:CEM-138 4323:AGM-137 4318:AGM-136 4313:ASM-135 4308:MGM-134 4303:UGM-133 4298:AIM-132 4293:AGM-131 4288:AGM-130 4283:AGM-129 4278:AQM-128 4273:AQM-127 4268:BQM-126 4258:AGM-124 4253:AGM-123 4248:AGM-122 4238:AIM-120 4233:AGM-119 4228:LGM-118 4223:FQM-117 4218:RIM-116 4213:MIM-115 4208:AGM-114 4203:RIM-113 4198:AGM-112 4193:BQM-111 4188:BGM-110 4171:BQM-108 4166:MQM-107 4161:BQM-106 4156:MQM-105 4151:MIM-104 4146:AQM-103 4141:PQM-102 4136:RIM-101 4129:101–150 4120:LIM-100 4026:AGM-84E 3830:XLIM-49 3734:MGM-31C 3698:LGM-25C 3693:HGM-25A 3505:Thiokol 3495:Aerojet 3488:Engines 3427:Orbus 6 3410:Engines 3391:Star-37 3381:Centaur 3175:Titan V 3140:Titan-C 3123:Unbuilt 3034:Rockets 2844:IL,1996 2107:, p. 11 1853:16 June 1360:Ashland 797:Aerojet 751:Aerojet 655:Aerojet 640:⁄ 503:Florida 406:History 278:Engines 211:Engines 130:Retired 39:Florida 20:Titan I 5114:Skokie 5104:Jaguar 5043:SRM-88 5038:GAM-87 5018:GAM-83 4998:GAM-79 4988:GAM-77 4963:GAM-72 4958:GAM-71 4938:GAM-67 4923:GAM-63 4877:GAR-11 4727:Sprint 4115:LIM-99 4110:YQM-98 4105:AIM-97 4100:UGM-96 4095:AIM-95 4090:YQM-94 4085:XQM-93 4073:FIM-92 4068:AQM-91 4063:BQM-90 4058:UGM-89 4053:AGM-88 4048:AGM-87 4043:AGM-86 4038:RIM-85 4016:AGM-83 4011:AIM-82 4006:AQM-81 4001:AGM-80 3996:AGM-79 3991:AGM-78 3986:FGM-77 3981:AGM-76 3976:BGM-75 3971:BQM-74 3966:UGM-73 3961:MIM-72 3956:BGM-71 3951:LEM-70 3946:AGM-69 3941:AIM-68 3936:RIM-67 3931:RIM-66 3926:AGM-65 3921:AGM-64 3916:AGM-63 3911:AGM-62 3906:MQM-61 3901:AQM-60 3896:RGM-59 3891:MQM-58 3886:MQM-57 3881:PQM-56 3876:RIM-55 3871:AIM-54 3866:AGM-53 3861:MGM-52 3856:MGM-51 3849:51–100 3840:RIM-50 3835:LIM-49 3825:AGM-48 3820:AIM-47 3815:MIM-46 3810:AGM-45 3805:UUM-44 3800:FIM-43 3795:MQM-42 3790:AQM-41 3785:MQM-40 3780:MQM-39 3775:AQM-38 3770:AQM-37 3765:MQM-36 3750:AQM-34 3745:MQM-33 3740:MGM-32 3725:LGM-30 3720:MGM-29 3715:AGM-28 3710:UGM-27 3705:AIM-26 3688:RIM-24 3683:MIM-23 3678:AGM-22 3673:MGM-21 3668:ADM-20 3663:PGM-19 3658:MGM-18 3653:PGM-17 3648:CGM-16 3643:RGM-15 3638:MIM-14 3628:AGM-12 3623:PGM-11 3618:CIM-10 3474:Martin 3467:Rocket 3422:B-8096 3355:UA1207 3350:UA1206 3345:UA1205 3283:Larson 3257:LC-395 3160:Soltan 2893:, 2006 2889: 2879: 2864: 2851: 2724: 2602: 2437: 2129: 2103: 2060: 1960: 1919: 1880: 1723: 1178:ATHENA 946:, and 932:Denver 926:(with 812:UNIVAC 800:LR91-3 754:LR87-3 521:, and 457:RASCAL 453:Navaho 361:SM-68A 289:Thrust 225:1,900 222:Thrust 127:Status 114:Stages 90:Height 5068:IM-99 5063:RM-92 5058:RM-91 5053:RM-90 5048:RM-89 5033:RM-86 5028:RM-85 5023:RM-84 5013:RM-82 5008:RM-81 5003:SM-80 4993:SM-78 4983:TM-76 4978:SM-75 4973:SM-74 4968:SM-73 4953:IM-70 4948:IM-69 4943:SM-68 4933:SM-65 4928:SM-64 4918:SM-62 4913:TM-61 4872:GAR-9 4867:GAR-8 4862:GAR-6 4857:GAR-5 4852:GAR-4 4847:GAR-3 4842:GAR-2 4837:GAR-1 4742:GLSDB 4702:NCADE 4692:MA-31 4642:Brazo 4637:ASALM 3613:AIM-9 3608:RIM-8 3601:RIM-7 3596:AIM-7 3591:RGM-6 3586:MGM-5 3581:AIM-4 3576:MIM-3 3571:RIM-2 3566:MGM-1 3442:LR-91 3437:LR-87 3417:AJ-10 3376:Agena 3303:Lowry 3293:Beale 3276:Bases 3267:SLC-6 3262:SLC-4 3219:LC-20 3214:LC-19 3209:LC-16 3204:LC-15 2742:(PDF) 2341:(PDF) 2286:(PDF) 2193:(PDF) 2186:(PDF) 1936:(PDF) 1171:Silos 1089:Idaho 936:Idaho 878:The " 674:mylar 449:Snark 429:Atlas 334:[ 155:LC-20 151:LC-19 147:LC-16 142:LC-15 33:from 4832:MB-1 4717:PrSM 4707:NLOS 4697:MSDM 4687:LRHW 4682:LREW 4662:HACM 4657:HALO 4604:201– 3559:1–50 3447:RL10 3360:SRMU 3252:SLTF 3247:OSTF 3130:Ares 2934:and 2887:ISBN 2877:ISBN 2872:2012 2862:ISBN 2849:ISBN 2817:2019 2791:2019 2750:2016 2722:ISBN 2708:2016 2686:2016 2628:2019 2600:ISBN 2589:2012 2435:ISBN 2388:2015 2362:2016 2215:link 2201:2013 2166:2011 2127:ISBN 2101:ISBN 2058:ISBN 1987:2019 1958:ISBN 1944:2022 1917:ISBN 1878:ISBN 1855:2018 1763:2019 1721:ISBN 1613:2016 1342:I-75 888:e.g. 810:The 659:LR87 620:RP-1 523:LC20 519:LC19 515:LC16 511:LC15 455:and 370:RP-1 368:and 345:The 323:RP-1 263:RP-1 106:Mass 85:Size 50:ICBM 4677:KEI 4672:JSM 4652:GBI 3396:TOS 3386:IUS 1429:in 1389:in 934:), 839:at 624:LOX 505:at 327:LOX 267:LOX 5169:: 2930:; 2675:: 2611:^ 2482:^ 2288:. 2253:. 2234:. 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