451:
936:
419:
3-inch-thick (76 mm) armoured deck 6–8 ft below the waterline to limit damage to the underwater section to keep them buoyant. Coal bunkers were located over the armoured deck and surrounded by 4-foot-wide (1.2 m) compartments filled with cork. The ship had bunker capacity for 400 tons of coal below the deck for use during combat, when the above-deck bunkers would be inaccessible and possibly flooded. The structure above the armoured deck also contained a large number of watertight compartments to further preserve buoyancy. There was also light superstructure to provide crew accommodation, and freeboard in rough weather, although anticipated to be seriously damaged in any major engagement.
629:. To reload the guns, the turret was rotated to align the guns with the rams, and the guns depressed so that the rams could push the gunpowder charge and 1,684-pound shell into it. The rams had to be extended twice: First, to extinguish any burning material remaining inside the gun using a sponge and water jet fixed to the end of the ram, and then again after charge, shell and wadding had been placed on a loading tray in front of it to be driven into the gun. The shell had a copper disk at its base which engaged with rifled grooves cut into the barrel to spin the shell, rather than zinc studs used on earlier designs. Tests showed that the normal full charge of 450 pounds of brown prismatic
714:. These were cast-iron cylinders attached to a swivel joint in the hull, one on each bow. Inside the ship the opposite end was attached to a graduated scale for targeting. There was a watertight door at either end of the tube. The 14-inch (360 mm) torpedoes were loaded inside a brass cylinder which slid into the iron casting. To fire the torpedo, the outer door was opened and a 10-foot (3.0 m) guide was extended which helped the torpedo clear the currents around the ship. A piston in the brass cylinder forced out the torpedo when it was to be fired, and at the same time its own compressed air motor was started.
804:
863:
of water per hour, pumps for cooling water through the steam condensers, fans to draw air through the ship through a system of ventilation ducts, steering gear, hydraulic pumps for the guns, air compressors, winches and for generating electricity. The engine room was noisy, wet, greasy, oily and steamy. It would be a normal occurrence for engines to leak steam and for bearings to run hot so that they had to be hosed down to keep them operating. All the essential equipment was contained within the armoured citadel.
398:
98:
533:
543:
788:
916:
44:
777:
1328:
512:) whilst a hastily convened committee examined the design. In their report published in December 1877, they concluded that it would be hard for gunfire to completely flood the unarmoured but heavily compartmentalised and partially cork-filled ends. However, if this was managed then the ship would just be stable, listing to about 35 degrees heel.
588:
directly forward or directly aft. In practice, as in previous ships, it was found that axial fire led to so much blast damage to the ship's superstructure that it was impractical. However, the en-echelon arrangement also meant that at least three guns could fire on bearings close to fore and aft. All four guns could be fired broadside.
733:-inch-thick (16 mm) layers of shell plating. This 41-inch-thick (1,000 mm) layer of protection weighed 1,100 pounds per square foot. 24 inches of armour was considered almost completely proof against any contemporary gun and is still the thickest armour which has ever been used on a battleship.
926:
The ship was equipped with many other novelties, including water tanks to dampen the roll, which turned out to be useless. Much of the ship was without natural illumination, and Fisher had different deck levels painted in contrasting colours to make it easier for crew members to find their way around
866:
Although she was propelled principally by steam, she was equipped with a pair of masts and yards, so that 18,500 square feet (1,720 m) of sail could be deployed. This was to help exercise and train the crew, especially as such an area of sail (less than 2 square feet (0.19 m) per ton) would
862:
in 1876, but they were a recent innovation and more economical than the previous low pressure engines. Gangs of stokers were continuously bringing coal from the bunkers to feed the fires. The ship had a further 39 smaller engines for various purposes including bilge pumps capable of shifting 300 tons
668:
This was less surprising than it might seem to modern eyes, because it was expected that naval battles would be fought at a range of only a couple of thousand metres. The advent of steam power meant that ships were no longer restricted in manoeuvring by wind direction and had led to a belief that it
848:
The ship had two compound steam engines manufactured by John Elder and company. Each had one high-pressure and two low-pressure cylinders connected to a crankshaft. The connecting rods were 9 inches (230 mm) in diameter attached to 17.5-inch-diameter (440 mm) bearings on the crankshaft. A
587:
were mounted in two 33-foot-10-inch-diameter (10.31 m) turrets mounted en echelon, with the forward turret mounted on the port side of the ship and the after turret on the starboard side. The superstructure both fore and aft was very narrow to allow one gun in each turret to fire axially, i.e.
907:
in other parts of the ship. The circuitry was complicated because the lighting consisted of sets of 18 Swan lamps and an arc lamp arranged in series. Each incandescent bulb was fitted with an automatic mechanism to switch in a resistor to maintain continuity should it fail, so that the set of 19
736:
The armour was reduced to 20 inches (510 mm) thick above the waterline, with a 12-inch-thick (300 mm) outer plate and an 8-inch-thick (200 mm) inner one, with the thickness of teak increased to 21 inches (530 mm) to maintain the same overall thickness of protection. Below the
722:
The central citadel in particular was exceptionally heavily armoured. At the waterline, the armour consisted of a 4-foot-wide (1.2 m) layer of 12-inch-thick (300 mm) armour plate backed by 11 inches (280 mm) of teak. Behind this was another 12-inch-thick (300 mm) armour plate
697:
in 1893. Whilst this showed the considerable potency of a ram, it also demonstrated the inadequate manoeuvring characteristics of many of the ships equipped with them. The ram was designed to be removable to avoid damage during accidental collisions, but although other ships customarily carried
975:
She was refitted in
Portsmouth in 1885, when the full sailing rig was removed. She was in the Fleet Reserve until 1890, except for brief service in the 1887 review and the manoeuvres of 1889 and 1890. She was re-commissioned for the Mediterranean Fleet from 1890 to 1893, serving thereafter as
418:
A heavily armoured citadel 75 feet (23 m) wide and 110 feet (34 m) long was located amidships, which would keep the ship afloat and stable regardless of what happened to the ends. This citadel contained the main guns, the boilers and the engines. The ends were unarmoured, but with a
422:
Barnaby wanted a ship both broader than existing designs to minimise rolling and as short as possible to reduce its size as a target. Making a ship broader compared to its length was known to reduce its speed, so the innovative technique of water tank tests on models, pioneered by
849:
hollow steel shaft drove each of the two screws at a maximum 75 rpm. There were two boiler rooms, one each end of the engine room. Each contained two 17-foot (5.2 m) and two 9-foot (2.7 m) boilers operating at 61 psi. Similar high pressure systems had been used on
490:
in June 1877. An editorial in the same edition, 18 June, said "it is said that the unarmoured ends are, in fact, the corks on which she floats, that she cannot swim without them, and it would appear that if she lost one she would capsize".
740:
Outside the citadel, above the 3-inch-thick (76 mm) armoured deck were a large number of small watertight compartments used to hold coal and stores. Between them and the hull were 4-foot-thick (1.2 m) compartments filled with
737:
waterline, again there was a 12-inch (300 mm) outer plate, but with a 4-inch-thick (100 mm) inner plate, with 25 inches (640 mm) of teak backing in total to maintain the overall thickness of protection at 41 inches.
830:
had demonstrated that such a short length for the ship's width would not require excessive installed power at the design speed of 14.75 knots (27.32 km/h). However, the same proportions were adopted in the similar but smaller
961:, firing 88 shells and was struck herself twice; one 10-inch (254 mm) shell killed the ship's carpenter, mortally wounded an officer directing the fire of a 20-pounder breech-loader, and injured a seaman. The blast from
624:
s guns were muzzle loaded, and because of their length could not be reloaded from inside the turrets. Consequently reloading was done using hydraulic rams fitted outside the two turrets underneath an armoured
1211:
637:
of 1,590 feet per second (480 m/s), which could penetrate 23 inches (580 mm) of wrought iron armour at 1,000 yards (910 m). The muzzle loading took between 2.5 and four minutes.
378:
ever to be fitted to a Royal Navy ship. Controversially, she was designed so that if her un-armoured ends should be seriously damaged in action and become water-logged, the buoyancy of the
874:
The masts and sails were removed after four years in service, and replaced by simple pole masts for carrying signal flags and circular fighting tops, platforms carrying quick firing guns.
1818:
597:, but subsequently abandoned in the Royal Navy in favour of centreline mounts at either end of the ship. The en-echelon configuration did not reappear in Royal Navy capital ships until
657:
in 1866. This had started a vogue for ramming (which persisted until the 1890s), and many naval experts even believed this was the most effective weapon a ship could have. For example
560:
to use an even bigger gun which
Armstrongs was producing, a 16-inch (406 mm) gun weighing 81 tons. The Italians responded by changing their design to take even larger 100-ton
450:
702:
seems to have kept hers in place. The ram was a solid iron forging supported by an extension of the 3-inch (76 mm) armoured deck which turned downwards behind it.
580:
on Malta and at the Napier of
Magdala Battery on Gibraltar. Gibraltar's second gun is buried under the foundations of the adjacent old Fortress Headquarters Building.
968:
s own 16-inch (406 mm) guns did considerable damage to upperworks and boats. She was at this point under command of
Captain (later Admiral of the Fleet)
669:
would be possible to steer into enemy ships. Rams turned out to be a handicap in retrospect, as several warships were accidentally sunk by them – for example
1364:
615:, with a total of 18 inches (460 mm) of teak backing. The turrets were rotated hydraulically, taking around a minute to perform a complete rotation.
385:
The ship was the first major warship to depend in part for the protection of her buoyancy on a horizontal armoured deck below the water-line rather than
935:
757:
which had been shown to help reduce the size of the hole made by a projectile passing through the coffer dam. All of these materials were treated with
1803:
1190:
1332:
556:
was to be equipped with four of the largest guns available, weighing 60 tons each. In
October 1874 it was decided to modify the design of
1373:
1808:
645:
She was also equipped with a ram – ramming was considered a practical means of sinking an enemy battleship at that time. The
Italian
259:
1739:
1302:
1290:
1220:
1144:
1119:
1089:
1057:
1006:
954:
867:
hardly move the ship. As
Captain Fisher wrote: "The sails had so much effect upon her in a gale of wind as a fly would have on a
658:
593:
665:
essay contest with an article that asserted that "n a general action I do not hold that the guns will be the principal weapon".
1357:
662:
351:
213:
12 coal-fired boilers, two single-expansion Elder and Co. steam engines, 2 twin-bladed 20 ft (6.1 m) diameter screws
976:
Portsmouth guard ship until 1897. From there she went to Fleet
Reserve, and in April 1902 to Dockyard Reserve, until sold at
473:
361:
263:
1424:
969:
516:
255:
1622:
1350:
1438:
476:, visited the Italian ships and subsequently questioned their stability if the unarmoured ends were flooded. As
1719:
1691:
1671:
1563:
1535:
1528:
1698:
1664:
1657:
1417:
360:
17.7-inch (450 mm) guns weighing 100 tons each. These were superior to the armament of any ship in the
345:
397:
1636:
1590:
1507:
1396:
1389:
787:
654:
431:
and twenty-one feet shorter, the smallest ever ratio of length to breadth in a metal first class warship.
248:
66:
1760:
1472:
1403:
803:
691:
584:
80:
515:
Work restarted on the ship in
December 1877, and the ship was commissioned 5 July 1881, under Captain
1683:
1583:
1450:
1431:
857:
850:
839:
677:
506:
466:
885:
was the first Royal Navy ship to be completely lit by electricity, and the first to have underwater
532:
1813:
1650:
1575:
1521:
1514:
1479:
1465:
1410:
684:
670:
542:
435:
357:
112:
1753:
1731:
1705:
1629:
1615:
1608:
1493:
1486:
1381:
901:
598:
568:, four examples were ordered by the British Government, two each for the coastal defences around
561:
1050:
A Century of Naval
Construction – The History of the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors 1883–1983
912:
on a Royal Navy ship, in 1882, after which the Navy adopted an 80 volt standard for its ships.
1712:
1556:
1542:
1500:
1298:
1286:
1271:
1267:
The British Battle Fleet: Its Inception and Growth Throughout the Centuries to the Present Day
1216:
1186:
1140:
1115:
1085:
1053:
1002:
915:
904:
607:
Each turret weighed 750 tons and was protected by an outer layer of 9 inches (230 mm) of
481:
469:
1458:
908:
lights would not be extinguished if one failed. The arrangement also led to the first fatal
768:
firing 64-pounder shells into full scale replicas of the cork compartments and coffer dams.
758:
317:
1342:
832:
796:
742:
634:
608:
499:
379:
953:
On completion the ship was sent to join the Mediterranean squadron. She took part in the
1308:
909:
893:
827:
424:
31:
43:
1797:
1746:
1549:
1265:
977:
577:
338:
314:
17:
374:
mounted larger guns than those of any previous British warship and had the thickest
958:
868:
776:
711:
612:
519:, although she was not completed until 18 October. Her eventual cost was £812,000.
333:
272:
434:
Once the outline design was agreed, the detailed architectural design was done by
723:
backed by 6 inches (150 mm) of teak. Finally on the inside of this were two
1600:
945:
815:
811:
762:
746:
439:
386:
328:
324:
320:
293:
20-in (508 mm) citadel (reducing to 16 inches) + 21-in (533 mm) teak
1275:
630:
569:
486:
52:
with the pole masts fitted in 1885, replacing the original full sailing rig
1327:
845:, but resulted in a serious lack of directional stability in those ships.
897:
886:
761:
to try to reduce their flammability. Experiments were carried out with
458:
at Portsmouth Dockyard, stern view of the ship, by Josiah Robert Wells
754:
626:
494:
Further exchanges followed until in July, construction was halted on
375:
799:
quarter sometime prior to the 1885 removal of her full sailing rig.
591:
The en-echelon configuration was retained for the two ships of the
934:
914:
890:
750:
573:
547:
Turret cross-section showing guns pointing downwards for reloading
541:
531:
480:
was of similar design, he raised grave concerns about this to the
449:
396:
344:
The Italian Navy had started constructing a pair of battleships,
1346:
1137:
Birth of the Battleship – British capital ship design 1870–1881
1082:
Birth of the Battleship – British capital ship design 1870–1881
427:, was used to finalise a design. This was ten feet wider than
1212:
Dreadnought: Britain, Germany and the coming of the Great War
287:
24-in (610 mm) waterline belt + 17-in (432 mm) teak
1235:
Famous Fighters of the Fleet, Edward Fraser, 1904, p.304
576:
respectively. Two of these guns still exist in situ, at
331:
to oppose the perceived growing threat from the Italian
826:
was a stable gun platform. Work by the hydrodynamicist
484:. When this had no effect he publicised his charges in
1112:
Warrior to Dreadnought – Warship development 1860–1905
1105:
1103:
1101:
999:
Warrior to Dreadnought – Warship development 1860–1905
1183:
A Tidy Little War: The British Invasion of Egypt 1882
299:
22-in bulkheads, reducing to 14 inches (360 mm)
249:
16-inch (406.4 mm) 80-ton muzzle-loading rifles
1730:
1682:
1599:
1574:
1449:
1380:
1249:. No. 36751. London. 25 April 1902. p. 8.
649:had been rammed and sunk by the Austrian flagship,
552:To counter the perceived threat from the Italians,
1158:
1156:
889:tubes. The electrical installation provided 800
465:was launched 27 April 1876. Later that year the
327:. The ship was constructed in the 1870s for the
296:17-in (432 mm) front, 16-inch back, turrets
1819:Victorian-era battleships of the United Kingdom
611:, an inner layer of 7-inch-thick (180 mm)
382:of the ship would keep her afloat and upright.
323:carrying her main armament in centrally placed
1204:
1202:
221:14.73 knots (27 km/h) @ 6,500 hp (4.8 MW)
1358:
8:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1043:
1041:
1039:
745:and containing a 2-foot-high (0.61 m)
275:(two submerged bow tubes, two on carriages)
1365:
1351:
1343:
1021:
1052:. Conway Maritime Press. pp. 45–49.
810:late in her career while serving as port
1139:. Chatham Publishing. pp. 105–107.
1084:. Chatham Publishing. pp. 122–137.
802:
786:
775:
710:The ship was fitted with two underwater
537:Drawing depicting one of the gun turrets
30:For other ships with the same name, see
1374:Ironclad warships of the United Kingdom
1296:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships
989:
562:17.7-inch (450 mm) Armstrongs guns
38:
1264:Jane, Fred T.; Wyllie, W. L. (1915).
1245:"Naval & Military intelligence".
94:
7:
1315:. London: The military book company.
229:"Cross-Atlantic at economical speed"
900:in the engine and boiler rooms and
368:was designed as a counter to them.
1270:. Vol. 1. The Library Press.
1215:. Random House. pp. 420–421.
1185:. Stroud: Spellmount. p. 90.
1001:. Chatham Publishing. p. 65.
822:With a slenderness ratio of 4.6:1
564:. As these could not be fitted to
25:
1326:
96:
42:
663:Royal United Services Institute
498:(and two other smaller ships,
474:Director of Naval Construction
442:Dockyard on 24 February 1874.
362:British Mediterranean Squadron
1:
1804:Battleships of the Royal Navy
871:in producing any movement."
262:, and replaced in 1897 with
260:BL 4-inch (100 mm) guns
957:on 11 July 1882 during the
187:344 ft (105 m) oa
1835:
749:. The dam was filled with
184:320 ft (98 m) pp
29:
27:Royal Navy turret ironclad
1809:Ships built in Portsmouth
1771:
1684:Coastal defence ironclads
1451:Central battery ironclads
1209:Robert K. Massie (1992).
955:bombardment of Alexandria
919:Sectional drawing of HMS
438:and she was laid down at
264:QF 4.7-inch (120-mm) guns
256:20-pounder breech loaders
205:26.3 ft (8.0 m)
158:
89:
57:
41:
1181:Wright, William (2009).
271:4 × 14-in (360 mm)
258:, replaced in 1885 with
1110:David K. Brown (1997).
1048:David K. Brown (1983).
997:David K. Brown (1997).
380:armoured centre section
159:General characteristics
1114:. Chatham Publishing.
1022:Jane & Wyllie 1915
950:
923:
819:
818:between 1893 and 1897.
800:
784:
549:
539:
459:
415:
290:3-in (76 mm) deck
197:75 ft (23 m)
970:John Arbuthnot Fisher
938:
918:
856:launched in 1875 and
806:
790:
779:
585:muzzle-loading rifles
545:
535:
453:
400:
389:along the waterline.
356:, equipped with four
172:11,880 tons full load
18:HMS Inflexible (1881)
1778:Single ship of class
1339:at Wikimedia Commons
1135:John Beeler (1991).
1080:John Beeler (1991).
1382:Broadside ironclads
1284:British Battleships
1024:, pp. 312–317.
980:in 1903 for scrap.
113:Portsmouth Dockyard
1576:Barbette ironclads
1313:The battleship era
951:
924:
905:incandescent bulbs
820:
801:
795:from broad on her
785:
604:launched in 1909.
550:
540:
460:
416:
1791:
1790:
1331:Media related to
1192:978-0-7524-5090-2
1171:Padfield p. 86-87
698:theirs detached,
305:
304:
268:17 × machine guns
77:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
1826:
1601:Turret ironclads
1367:
1360:
1353:
1344:
1330:
1316:
1279:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1107:
1096:
1095:
1077:
1064:
1063:
1045:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1012:
994:
967:
759:calcium chloride
732:
731:
727:
633:would produce a
623:
583:The four 81-ton
412:
130:24 February 1874
104:
101:
100:
99:
46:
39:
21:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1767:
1726:
1678:
1595:
1570:
1445:
1376:
1371:
1323:
1307:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1092:
1079:
1078:
1067:
1060:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1009:
996:
995:
991:
986:
965:
933:
931:Service history
880:
774:
729:
725:
724:
720:
708:
655:Battle of Lissa
643:
635:muzzle velocity
621:
609:compound armour
548:
538:
530:
525:
448:
414:
410:
395:
102:
97:
95:
53:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1832:
1830:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1426:Prince Consort
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1322:
1321:External links
1319:
1318:
1317:
1309:Peter Padfield
1305:
1293:
1282:Oscar Parkes
1280:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1237:
1228:
1221:
1198:
1191:
1173:
1164:
1162:Padfield p. 86
1152:
1145:
1127:
1120:
1097:
1090:
1065:
1058:
1035:
1026:
1014:
1007:
988:
987:
985:
982:
932:
929:
879:
876:
828:William Froude
773:
770:
719:
716:
707:
704:
642:
639:
594:Colossus class
546:
536:
529:
526:
524:
521:
454:Launch of the
447:
444:
425:William Froude
413:s Naval Annual
401:
394:
391:
387:armoured sides
353:Enrico Dandolo
303:
302:
301:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
283:
279:
278:
277:
276:
269:
266:
252:
251:, 2 per turret
243:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
189:
188:
185:
180:
176:
175:
174:
173:
170:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
103:United Kingdom
92:
91:
87:
86:
78:
74:
73:
64:
60:
59:
58:Class overview
55:
54:
47:
32:HMS Inflexible
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1831:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1693:Prince Albert
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1303:0-85177-133-5
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:0-85052-604-3
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1222:0-224-03260-7
1218:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:1-86176-167-8
1142:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1121:1-84067-529-2
1117:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:1-86176-167-8
1087:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:0-85177-282-X
1055:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1033:Padfield p.84
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1008:1-84067-529-2
1004:
1000:
993:
990:
983:
981:
979:
973:
971:
964:
960:
956:
948:
947:
942:
937:
930:
928:
922:
917:
913:
911:
910:electrocution
906:
903:
899:
895:
892:
888:
884:
877:
875:
872:
870:
864:
861:
860:
855:
854:
846:
844:
843:
837:
836:
829:
825:
817:
813:
809:
805:
798:
794:
789:
782:
778:
771:
769:
767:
766:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
738:
734:
717:
715:
713:
712:torpedo tubes
705:
703:
701:
696:
695:
689:
688:
683:in 1875, and
682:
681:
675:
674:
666:
664:
661:won the 1874
660:
656:
652:
651:Ferdinand Max
648:
640:
638:
636:
632:
628:
620:
616:
614:
610:
605:
603:
602:
596:
595:
589:
586:
581:
579:
578:Fort Rinnella
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
544:
534:
527:
523:Main armament
522:
520:
518:
513:
511:
510:
504:
503:
497:
492:
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
464:
457:
452:
445:
443:
441:
437:
436:William White
432:
430:
426:
420:
409:
405:
399:
392:
390:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:
349:
348:
342:
340:
339:Mediterranean
336:
335:
330:
326:
322:
319:
316:
312:
311:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
285:
284:
281:
280:
274:
273:torpedo tubes
270:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
245:
244:
241:
240:
236:
233:
232:
228:
225:
224:
220:
217:
216:
212:
209:
208:
204:
201:
200:
196:
193:
192:
186:
183:
182:
181:
178:
177:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
157:
154:Scrapped 1903
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:27 April 1876
137:
134:
133:
129:
126:
125:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
93:
88:
85:
83:
79:
76:
75:
72:
70:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1584:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1460:Royal Alfred
1459:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1334:
1312:
1295:
1283:
1266:
1258:Bibliography
1246:
1240:
1231:
1210:
1182:
1176:
1167:
1136:
1130:
1111:
1081:
1049:
1029:
1017:
998:
992:
974:
962:
959:Urabi Revolt
952:
944:
940:
925:
920:
882:
881:
873:
869:Hippopotamus
865:
858:
852:
847:
841:
834:
823:
821:
807:
792:
780:
764:
739:
735:
721:
709:
699:
693:
686:
679:
672:
667:
650:
646:
644:
618:
617:
613:wrought iron
606:
600:
592:
590:
582:
565:
557:
553:
551:
514:
508:
501:
495:
493:
485:
477:
462:
461:
455:
433:
428:
421:
417:
407:
406:as shown in
403:
384:
371:
370:
365:
352:
346:
343:
334:Regia Marina
332:
309:
307:
306:
164:Displacement
143:Commissioned
81:
71: (1875)
68:
49:
36:
1638:Dreadnought
1624:Devastation
1509:Bellerophon
946:The Graphic
878:Innovations
659:Gerard Noel
647:Re d'Italia
517:John Fisher
472:, formerly
470:Edward Reed
446:Controversy
169:10,880 tons
146:5 July 1881
69:Dreadnought
63:Preceded by
1814:1876 ships
1798:Categories
1645:Inflexible
1474:Enterprise
1440:Lord Clyde
1335:Inflexible
963:Inflexible
941:Inflexible
927:the ship.
921:Inflexible
883:Inflexible
824:Inflexible
816:Portsmouth
812:guard ship
808:Inflexible
793:Inflexible
791:A view of
781:Inflexible
772:Propulsion
747:coffer dam
718:Protection
700:Inflexible
694:Camperdown
619:Inflexible
566:Inflexible
558:Inflexible
554:Inflexible
496:Inflexible
478:Inflexible
463:Inflexible
456:Inflexible
440:Portsmouth
404:Inflexible
372:Inflexible
366:Inflexible
329:Royal Navy
321:battleship
310:Inflexible
234:Complement
210:Propulsion
50:Inflexible
1784:Cancelled
1748:Abyssinia
1721:Conqueror
1673:Trafalgar
1585:Temeraire
1565:Belleisle
1551:Alexandra
1537:Swiftsure
1530:Audacious
1433:Royal Oak
1276:903567669
1247:The Times
984:Citations
898:arc lamps
896:to power
859:Temeraire
853:Alexandra
842:Agamemnon
840:HMS
833:HMS
763:HMS
706:Torpedoes
692:HMS
685:HMS
680:Iron Duke
678:HMS
671:HMS
653:, at the
631:gunpowder
599:HMS
570:Gibraltar
528:Main guns
509:Agamemnon
507:HMS
500:HMS
487:The Times
482:Admiralty
402:Plans of
358:Armstrong
315:Victorian
127:Laid down
67:HMS
1741:Cerberus
1732:Monitors
1700:Scorpion
1666:Victoria
1659:Colossus
1523:Hercules
1516:Penelope
1481:Favorite
1467:Research
1419:Minotaur
1412:Achilles
1311:(1972).
687:Victoria
673:Vanguard
318:ironclad
242:Armament
135:Launched
122:£812,000
1762:Cyclops
1755:Glatton
1707:Hotspur
1631:Neptune
1617:Captain
1610:Monarch
1591:Admiral
1495:Repulse
1488:Zealous
1398:Defence
1391:Warrior
978:Chatham
949:of 1881
887:torpedo
783:in 1881
728:⁄
601:Neptune
408:Brassey
337:in the
325:turrets
237:440–470
202:Draught
109:Builder
90:History
1714:Rupert
1558:Superb
1544:Sultan
1502:Pallas
1405:Hector
1337:(1876)
1301:
1289:
1274:
1219:
1189:
1143:
1118:
1088:
1056:
1005:
765:Nettle
755:canvas
627:glacis
429:Duillo
393:Design
376:armour
364:, and
347:Duilio
313:was a
282:Armour
179:Length
966:'
891:volts
751:oakum
622:'
574:Malta
411:'
226:Range
218:Speed
84:class
1652:Ajax
1333:HMS
1299:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1272:OCLC
1217:ISBN
1187:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1003:ISBN
939:HMS
902:Swan
851:HMS
838:and
835:Ajax
797:port
753:and
743:cork
572:and
505:and
502:Ajax
350:and
308:HMS
254:6 ×
247:4 ×
194:Beam
151:Fate
119:Cost
82:Ajax
48:HMS
814:at
690:by
676:by
641:Ram
1800::
1201:^
1155:^
1100:^
1068:^
1038:^
972:.
943:,
894:DC
467:MP
341:.
1781:X
1775:S
1366:e
1359:t
1352:v
1278:.
1225:.
1195:.
1149:.
1124:.
1094:.
1062:.
1011:.
730:8
726:5
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
