346:
33:
58:
443:
4906:
4901:
1038:
533:
According to a superintendent with Parks Canada, the ship was found "sitting upright in silt; the three masts have been removed, probably by ice." Her hull lies partially buried in silt and the cold Arctic water has prevented the outer deck from deteriorating quickly. There are no plans to raise the
466:
tell stories of the ship. The abandoned ship was a source of copper and iron for the indigenous people in the area; metal nails were missing from smaller boats on the shore when they were discovered. One Inuit account from 1910 noted that "one year she had still been on the beach and the next year
345:
497:. He speculated that the Inuit had killed off the animals for food during their journeys to and from the wreckage over the 40 years since abandonment. The muskoxen have since repopulated the island and now number nearly 50,000.
434:, published an unofficial account in 1857. However, the exact location of her wreckage remained unknown for over 150 years because of difficulties in reaching the area, which is extremely inhospitable and frequently iced over.
529:
records of the position of the ship when it was abandoned. Its remains were quickly discovered, 150 m (490 ft) off the north shore of Banks Island, with the deck of the ship about 8 m (26 ft) below the surface.
3597:
4203:
4975:
4985:
4970:
785:
333:'s warming apparatus, a modern stove system capable of warming the entire ship, was also employed with good results. The same or similar device had been used by
4225:
4196:
2759:
1082:
262:
1720:
4990:
4724:
4980:
4299:
4140:
1355:
431:
1363:
701:
3715:
2721:
1134:
4502:
4189:
3312:
2910:
2498:
623:
4104:
4253:
2050:
535:
2915:
4960:
3998:
3679:
3501:
3391:
3160:
1749:
1698:
943:
3449:
3030:
2969:
3472:
1019:
972:
919:
891:
4921:
3550:
1042:
3781:
3767:
3741:
3578:
2472:
1549:
1075:
4789:
4530:
3604:
3574:
1917:
1907:
1491:
1193:
849:
408:, still frozen in, and reported to be in generally fair condition despite having taken on some water during the summer thaw.
3215:
4717:
4246:
3377:
2887:
2020:
375:
235:
795:
398:. The decision was eventually taken to abandon her on 3 June 1853, after she had been stuck for nearly three years.
4516:
4327:
4267:
3286:
3172:
3015:
2061:
1522:
1290:
1009:
3734:
3356:
3190:
3131:
3085:
1203:
92:
1314:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4733:
4544:
4404:
4239:
4094:
2819:
2793:
2786:
2526:
2237:
2138:
2130:
2113:
1731:
1277:
1129:
1068:
322:
diagonal riders were set in the hold, with ten pairs of diagonal plates on the sides of the vessel between decks.
4779:
4334:
4274:
4260:
3917:
3527:
3223:
3022:
2807:
2689:
2492:
2374:
2225:
2074:
2012:
1999:
1872:
1598:
1250:
875:
476:
4849:
4710:
4067:
3658:
3652:
3570:
3444:
3229:
2955:
2831:
2681:
2569:
2353:
662:
1369:
853:
430:
s abandonment are not a mystery. McClure provided an official account of the journey, and the ship's surgeon,
238:. She made two voyages to the Arctic and had to be abandoned in 1853, after becoming trapped in the pack ice.
32:
4439:
4362:
4134:
3797:
2950:
2824:
2744:
2253:
1282:
905:
455:
42:
4467:
4292:
4072:
3638:
2905:
1570:
383:
4965:
4769:
4607:
4571:
4397:
4313:
4232:
4077:
4046:
3851:
3804:
3703:
3507:
3426:
3369:
3118:
3112:
2962:
2920:
2882:
2862:
2457:
2232:
2068:
1978:
1960:
1877:
1848:
1838:
1726:
1663:
1437:
992:
986:
982:
514:
468:
364:
349:
2118:
4749:
4670:
4598:
4495:
4418:
4390:
3931:
3923:
3866:
3454:
3318:
3299:
3244:
3236:
3036:
2976:
2935:
2548:
2539:
2410:
2405:
2309:
2173:
1930:
1892:
1709:
1704:
1687:
1499:
1269:
1237:
1181:
1161:
334:
329:
planking. Preston's Patent
Ventilating Illuminators were installed to improve light and ventilation.
4995:
4870:
4679:
4425:
4052:
3974:
3439:
3362:
3278:
3059:
3051:
3000:
2640:
2598:
2093:
2056:
1945:
1692:
1579:
1382:
1187:
402:
3210:
937:
4799:
4589:
4580:
4446:
3773:
3665:
3646:
3185:
2727:
2621:
2585:
2561:
2452:
2299:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2166:
2144:
2123:
2004:
1994:
1741:
1629:
1557:
1230:
1221:
1213:
1124:
1104:
911:
859:
632:
4820:
4809:
4688:
4652:
4634:
4616:
4355:
4145:
3951:
3945:
3901:
3886:
3815:
3787:
3695:
3632:
3542:
3514:
3494:
3432:
3340:
3304:
3178:
3145:
3138:
3091:
3073:
2990:
2739:
2608:
2556:
2462:
2415:
2343:
2332:
2044:
2034:
2026:
1922:
1912:
1823:
1818:
1801:
1767:
1634:
1621:
1442:
1348:
1306:
1301:
1091:
1015:
996:
968:
947:
915:
887:
863:
482:
After meeting the Inuit who made pilgrimages to the wreckage, he suggested a link between the
418:
412:
330:
293:
818:
4702:
4643:
4562:
4523:
4481:
4432:
4162:
3894:
3586:
3466:
3292:
3265:
3205:
3080:
3010:
2995:
2734:
2663:
2658:
2632:
2627:
2509:
2432:
2385:
2152:
1972:
1937:
1833:
1828:
1762:
1676:
1458:
1450:
1336:
1256:
1208:
1198:
1171:
964:
706:
371:
20:
961:
The ice passage: a true story of ambition, disaster, and endurance in the Arctic wilderness
442:
4759:
4625:
4376:
4369:
4152:
4099:
4084:
3990:
3985:
3909:
3874:
3810:
3709:
3624:
3591:
3323:
3106:
3098:
3067:
2983:
2943:
2697:
2653:
2593:
2517:
2487:
2482:
2442:
2420:
2368:
2304:
2294:
2245:
1967:
1952:
1805:
1774:
1736:
1486:
1414:
1408:
1331:
1296:
1156:
325:
To cope with snow and ice loads, the upper decks were doubled with 3 in (76 mm)
2675:
4488:
4453:
4341:
4306:
4126:
4109:
4062:
4021:
4011:
3980:
3839:
3829:
3721:
3671:
3536:
3486:
3459:
3404:
3200:
3195:
3044:
2897:
2751:
2713:
2670:
2603:
2577:
2531:
2504:
2477:
2447:
2390:
2348:
2338:
2218:
2211:
2108:
2088:
1900:
1860:
1791:
1587:
1562:
1517:
1481:
1475:
1467:
1427:
1422:
1396:
1376:
1144:
1048:
933:
929:
901:
823:
517:. It was the first expedition to specifically search for the ship. The team arrived on
387:
282:
270:
757:
525:
on 22 July and began a sonar scan of the area three days later, based on the original
509:
scientists, archaeologists, and surveyors began searching for the sunken wreck of the
4954:
4537:
4460:
4411:
4383:
4089:
4031:
4026:
4016:
3966:
3961:
3937:
3881:
3758:
3752:
3747:
3346:
3257:
3250:
3005:
2800:
2779:
2647:
2425:
2395:
2363:
2358:
2195:
2101:
1984:
1779:
1592:
1542:
1535:
1527:
1432:
1341:
1176:
883:
790:
729:
231:
145:
4474:
4348:
4120:
4114:
3726:
3690:
3556:
3383:
3333:
3272:
3126:
2814:
2765:
2615:
2437:
2400:
2380:
2321:
1855:
1843:
1786:
1714:
1615:
1512:
1506:
1403:
1391:
1264:
1242:
1166:
1119:
1055:
734:
702:"In Far North, a missing ship could hold the key to a century-old muskoxen mystery"
522:
518:
506:
494:
395:
319:
286:
246:
242:
292:
She was strengthened for Arctic service by
William M. Rice, master shipwright of
4839:
4509:
4320:
4181:
4157:
4057:
4005:
3823:
3610:
3398:
2773:
2705:
2467:
2326:
2289:
2189:
2181:
1989:
1325:
301:
156:
4830:
3956:
3859:
3843:
3685:
3618:
3519:
2928:
2877:
2837:
2159:
1885:
1813:
1755:
1148:
526:
250:
82:
4936:
4923:
1000:
3478:
2315:
1867:
1650:
951:
594:
472:
451:
391:
867:
1037:
3410:
762:
666:
266:
1011:
The sail and steam navy list: all the ships of the Royal Navy, 1815–1889
4037:
3417:
2204:
1682:
1658:
1646:
2283:
1608:
819:"Historic Northwest Passage wreckage discovered beneath Beaufort Sea"
490:
278:
216:
1060:
277:
was purchased by the
Admiralty in February 1848 and was fitted for
1669:
463:
441:
344:
297:
4706:
4185:
2860:
1102:
1064:
855:
A personal narrative of the discovery of the North-west
Passage
907:
Ships of the Royal Navy: complete record of all fighting ships
326:
305:
988:
The friendly arctic: the story of five years in polar regions
458:, the ship's artist, who commanded the sledge party depicted.
337:
in 1821, to prevent condensation and aerate the lowest deck.
467:
she was gone without a trace." When
Canadian anthropologist
41:
stuck in ice in August 1851, depicted by the ship's artist
758:"Canadian archaeologists hunt long-lost Arctic explorers"
564:
562:
230:
was a merchant ship purchased in 1848 to search for Sir
730:"Canada searches for Sir John Franklin's rescue ship"
4861:
4740:
4554:
4284:
4217:
3838:
3569:
3156:
2896:
2269:
1800:
1645:
1143:
880:
Lost beneath the ice: the story of HMS Investigator
786:"How the Arctic search team found HMS Investigator"
401:The following year, she was inspected by crews of
390:, but the ship became trapped in the pack ice at
318: in (8 mm) steel plating. Ten pairs of
386:. On their return journey she was commanded by
296:. She was extensively strengthened with timber—
4718:
4197:
1076:
534:ship's remains, although the team did send a
8:
4976:History of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region
263:Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company
4725:
4711:
4703:
4204:
4190:
4182:
2870:
2857:
1112:
1099:
1083:
1069:
1061:
687:
4734:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1853
580:
241:Her wreckage was found in July 2010, off
4141:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
568:
553:
538:to take photos and assess the wreckage.
19:For other ships with the same name, see
16:Merchant ship used in Arctic exploration
4986:Shipwrecks of the Canadian Arctic coast
4971:Exploration ships of the United Kingdom
3716:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
939:The discovery of the North-west Passage
546:
382:on this expedition was the naturalist
27:
663:"Abandoned 1854 ship found in Arctic"
657:
655:
653:
651:
54:
7:
536:remotely operated underwater vehicle
513:in Mercy Bay at the northern tip of
281:exploration by R. & H. Green at
3502:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1699:Norse colonization of North America
944:Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans
3031:United States Exploring Expedition
359:(right), by Lieutenant W.H. Browne
14:
4105:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3473:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
479:, he failed to find her remains.
249:. She was the fourth ship of the
4991:Survey vessels of the Royal Navy
4904:
4899:
3999:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3392:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
1036:
446:Invalids are evacuated from HMS
56:
31:
4981:Maritime incidents in June 1853
1008:Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004).
489:s stranding and the absence of
273:, and running 422 tonnes,
1014:. London: Chatham Publishing.
756:Griffiths, S. (21 July 2010).
1:
4212:Royal Navy Arctic exploration
3378:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3313:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
595:"Mid-Victorian RN vessel HMS
3735:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3551:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3357:French Antarctic Expeditions
3287:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3173:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1291:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
700:Struzik, E. (25 July 2010).
236:Northwest Passage expedition
2820:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2499:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1364:Andrée's balloon expedition
817:Martin, D. (28 July 2010).
784:Martin, D. (28 July 2010).
93:Scotts Shipbuilding Company
5012:
4961:Arctic exploration vessels
2021:Franklin's lost expedition
1721:Christian IV's expeditions
728:Ormsby, M. (2 July 2010).
376:Franklin's lost expedition
18:
4894:
2873:
2869:
2856:
2375:Great Northern Expedition
2051:Rae–Richardson expedition
1251:British Arctic Expedition
1115:
1111:
1098:
477:1915 voyage to the Arctic
423:, the events surrounding
363:In 1848, she accompanied
136:
49:
30:
4937:74.084397°N 119.002619°W
4226:Phipps expedition (1773)
3659:British Antarctic Survey
3653:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2898:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
505:In July 2010, a team of
4300:Sir Alexander Armstrong
4135:Pole of inaccessibility
3798:Antarctic Treaty System
2139:2nd Grinnell expedition
1043:HMS Investigator (1848)
462:Oral traditions of the
456:Samuel Gurney Cresswell
166:118 ft (36 m)
137:General characteristics
43:Samuel Gurney Cresswell
4942:74.084397; -119.002619
4447:Sir Leopold McClintock
4240:Mackenzie River (1825)
459:
374:'s expedition to find
360:
4405:Sir Edward Inglefield
4356:Sir Richard Collinson
4254:Rae–Richardson (1848)
3805:Transglobe Expedition
3704:Operation Deep Freeze
3113:Challenger expedition
1979:Coppermine expedition
1500:Drifting ice stations
993:The Macmillan Company
904:; Warlow, B. (2006).
628:is familiar wreckage"
515:Aulavik National Park
469:Vilhjalmur Stefansson
445:
348:
208: ft (5.8 m)
187: ft (8.6 m)
125:3 June 1853
4788:Aug (unknown date):
4545:Sir Henry Stephenson
4482:Sir Erasmus Ommanney
4419:Skeffington Lutwidge
4391:William Hulme Hooper
1045:at Wikimedia Commons
335:William Edward Parry
4933: /
4517:Sir John Richardson
4426:George Francis Lyon
3975:South magnetic pole
2641:Brusilov expedition
1750:Danish colonization
1188:North magnetic pole
959:Payton, B. (2009).
432:Alexander Armstrong
411:Unlike the loss of
4781:Earl of Charlemont
4503:Constantine Phipps
4454:Sir Robert McClure
4440:Sir Albert Markham
4342:Sir Edward Belcher
4314:Sir Horatio Austin
3666:Operation Windmill
3647:Operation Highjump
2622:Rusanov expedition
2527:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2271:North East Passage
2075:McClure expedition
912:Chatham Publishing
860:Hurst and Blackett
633:The Globe and Mail
501:Discovery of wreck
460:
361:
253:to bear the name.
110:February 1848
4916:
4915:
4851:Sir Fowell Buxton
4700:
4699:
4538:Sir Edward Sabine
4412:Sir Henry Kellett
4384:Sir John Franklin
4335:Frederick Beechey
4268:McClintock (1857)
4233:Coppermine (1819)
4179:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
3633:Operation Tabarin
3495:Far Eastern Party
3341:Nimrod Expedition
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2411:M. Pronchishcheva
2333:Siberian Cossacks
1802:Northwest Passage
1135:Research stations
1092:Polar exploration
1041:Media related to
798:on 11 August 2010
331:Charles Sylvester
294:Woolwich Dockyard
222:
221:
5003:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4908:
4903:
4887:
4876:
4854:
4845:
4835:
4825:
4815:
4804:
4794:
4784:
4774:
4764:
4754:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4704:
4693:
4684:
4675:
4666:
4657:
4648:
4639:
4630:
4621:
4612:
4603:
4594:
4585:
4576:
4567:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4496:Sir Edward Parry
4491:
4484:
4477:
4475:Sir George Nares
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4433:Rochfort Maguire
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4363:Samuel Cresswell
4358:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4183:
3680:Ronne Expedition
3165:
3159:
3023:Dumont d'Urville
2871:
2858:
2406:V. Pronchishchev
1113:
1100:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1062:
1049:Works about HMS
1040:
1025:
1004:
978:
965:Doubleday Canada
955:
925:
897:
871:
836:
835:
833:
831:
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
794:. Archived from
781:
775:
774:
772:
770:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
725:
719:
718:
716:
714:
707:Edmonton Journal
697:
691:
685:
679:
678:
676:
674:
659:
646:
645:
643:
641:
620:
614:
613:
611:
609:
603:William Loney RN
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
557:
551:
488:
429:
372:James Clark Ross
317:
316:
312:
207:
206:
202:
199:
186:
185:
181:
178:
132:
130:
117:
115:
64:
61:
60:
59:
35:
28:
21:HMS Investigator
5011:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4951:
4950:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4912:
4890:
4879:
4868:
4862:Other incidents
4857:
4848:
4838:
4828:
4818:
4807:
4797:
4787:
4777:
4767:
4757:
4747:
4736:
4731:
4701:
4696:
4687:
4678:
4669:
4660:
4651:
4642:
4633:
4624:
4615:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4579:
4570:
4561:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4377:James Fitzjames
4375:
4370:Francis Crozier
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4328:Sir John Barrow
4326:
4321:Sir George Back
4319:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4247:Franklin (1845)
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4213:
4210:
4180:
4167:
3842:
3834:
3710:McMurdo Station
3579:Modern research
3577:
3565:
3300:O. Nordenskjöld
3163:
3157:
3152:
3068:Ross expedition
2892:
2865:
2844:
2273:
2265:
1806:Northern Canada
1804:
1796:
1649:
1641:
1147:
1139:
1107:
1094:
1089:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1007:
981:
975:
958:
928:
922:
900:
894:
874:
848:
844:
839:
829:
827:
816:
815:
811:
801:
799:
783:
782:
778:
768:
766:
755:
754:
750:
740:
738:
727:
726:
722:
712:
710:
699:
698:
694:
688:Stefansson 1922
686:
682:
672:
670:
661:
660:
649:
639:
637:
622:
621:
617:
607:
605:
592:
591:
587:
579:
575:
567:
560:
552:
548:
544:
503:
486:
440:
427:
343:
314:
310:
309:
259:
257:Characteristics
204:
200:
197:
195:
183:
179:
176:
174:
155:422–480 tonnes
128:
126:
113:
111:
62:
57:
55:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5009:
5007:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4953:
4952:
4914:
4913:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4877:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4846:
4836:
4829:Unknown date:
4826:
4822:Winfield Scott
4816:
4805:
4795:
4785:
4775:
4771:Carrier Pigeon
4765:
4755:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4707:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4685:
4676:
4667:
4658:
4649:
4640:
4631:
4622:
4613:
4604:
4595:
4586:
4577:
4568:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4524:Sir James Ross
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4489:Sherard Osborn
4485:
4478:
4471:
4468:Arthur Morrell
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4307:Pelham Aldrich
4303:
4296:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4275:British (1875)
4271:
4264:
4261:McClure (1850)
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4186:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4127:Vostok Station
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4078:Cherry-Garrard
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3918:Southern Cross
3914:
3913:
3912:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3848:
3846:
3840:Farthest South
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3801:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3712:
3707:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3662:
3655:
3650:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3537:Ross Sea party
3533:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3498:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3402:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3337:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3321:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3231:Southern Cross
3224:Southern Cross
3220:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3168:
3166:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3089:
3083:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2970:Bellingshausen
2960:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2829:
2817:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2279:
2277:
2275:Russian Arctic
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2086:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2032:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1717:
1712:
1710:Snæbjörn galti
1707:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1612:
1605:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1503:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1456:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1145:Farthest North
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1046:
1032:
1031:External links
1029:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1005:
983:Stefansson, V.
979:
973:
956:
926:
920:
898:
892:
872:
845:
843:
840:
838:
837:
824:Calgary Herald
809:
776:
748:
720:
692:
690:, p. 361.
680:
669:. 28 July 2010
647:
636:. 28 July 2010
615:
585:
581:Armstrong 1857
573:
571:, p. 141.
558:
556:, p. 174.
545:
543:
540:
502:
499:
439:
436:
388:Robert McClure
378:. Also aboard
342:
339:
283:Blackwall Yard
271:Firth of Clyde
258:
255:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
193:
189:
188:
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
153:
149:
148:
143:
142:Class and type
139:
138:
134:
133:
123:
119:
118:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
63:United Kingdom
52:
51:
47:
46:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5008:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4949:
4946:
4911:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4886:
4885:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4723:
4721:
4716:
4714:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4531:Sir John Ross
4528:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4461:George Mecham
4458:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4398:Henry Hoppner
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4207:
4202:
4200:
4195:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3258:Discovery Hut
3256:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3155:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3116:
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889:
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850:Armstrong, A.
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234:'s ill-fated
233:
232:John Franklin
229:
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217:Barque-rigged
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192:Depth of hold
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4966:Banks Island
4918:
4884:Investigator
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4663:Investigator
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4349:David Buchan
4293:Edward Adams
4133:
4121:Pole of Cold
4119:
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3924:Borchgrevink
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3364:Pourquoi-Pas
3363:
3355:
3347:
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3334:Orcadas Base
3332:
3324:
3311:
3305:C. A. Larsen
3293:
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3243:
3237:Borchgrevink
3230:
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3179:
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3146:C. A. Larsen
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2095:
2083:Investigator
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2028:
2019:
2006:
1977:
1954:
1939:
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1894:
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1849:
1768:
1748:
1719:
1715:Erik the Red
1697:
1675:
1668:
1625:submersibles
1622:
1616:Arktika 2007
1614:
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1381:
1370:S. A. Andrée
1362:
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1324:
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1289:
1271:
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1249:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1186:
1056:Open Library
1051:Investigator
1050:
1010:
991:. New York:
987:
960:
938:
906:
902:Colledge, J.
879:
854:
842:Bibliography
828:. Retrieved
822:
812:
800:. Retrieved
796:the original
789:
779:
767:. Retrieved
761:
751:
739:. Retrieved
735:Toronto Star
733:
723:
711:. Retrieved
705:
695:
683:
671:. Retrieved
638:. Retrieved
631:
626:Investigator
625:
618:
606:. Retrieved
602:
597:Investigator
596:
588:
576:
549:
532:
523:Beaufort Sea
519:Banks Island
511:Investigator
510:
507:Parks Canada
504:
495:Banks Island
484:Investigator
483:
481:
461:
448:Investigator
447:
425:Investigator
424:
419:
413:
410:
404:
400:
396:Banks Island
384:Edward Adams
380:Investigator
379:
366:
362:
357:Investigator
356:
351:
324:
320:wrought iron
291:
287:River Thames
275:Investigator
274:
260:
247:Beaufort Sea
243:Banks Island
240:
227:Investigator
226:
224:
223:
152:Tons burthen
73:Investigator
72:
39:Investigator
38:
25:
4940: /
4928:119°00′09″W
4801:Breadalbane
4510:Bedford Pim
4218:Expeditions
3824:Lake Vostok
3774:Tryoshnikov
3696:Schlossbach
3587:Christensen
3529:James Caird
3450:E. R. Evans
3216:Dobrowolski
3186:de Gerlache
2888:Expeditions
2774:Aviaarktika
2728:Samoylovich
2599:Kolomeitsev
2493:Middendorff
2453:Gedenshtrom
1873:I. Fyodorov
1635:Chilingarov
1523:E. Fyodorov
1130:Expeditions
963:. Toronto:
930:McClure, R.
882:. Toronto:
475:during his
304:, Canadian
302:English oak
4996:1848 ships
4955:Categories
4925:74°05′04″N
4840:USCS
4791:Madagascar
4751:Jenny Lind
4741:Shipwrecks
4609:Enterprise
4573:Assistance
4047:Terra Nova
3952:Shackleton
3895:J. C. Ross
3854:Resolution
3844:South Pole
3619:New Swabia
3543:Mackintosh
3515:Shackleton
3434:Terra Nova
3427:Terra Nova
3161:Heroic Age
3121:Challenger
3081:J. C. Ross
2991:Bransfield
2923:Resolution
2838:icebreaker
2802:Chelyuskin
2543:expedition
2521:Expedition
2463:Matyushkin
2421:Kh. Laptev
2416:Chelyuskin
2310:Heemskerck
2300:Chancellor
2295:Willoughby
2290:Koch boats
2233:Stefansson
2167:McClintock
2131:Inglefield
1973:J. C. Ross
1880:Resolution
1732:Cunningham
1630:Sagalevich
1319:expedition
1278:Stephenson
1238:C. F. Hall
1225:expedition
1199:J. C. Ross
1162:Heemskerck
1149:North Pole
942:. London:
934:Osborn, S.
910:. London:
858:. London:
593:Davis, P.
527:Royal Navy
394:adjoining
367:Enterprise
352:Enterprise
251:Royal Navy
129:1853-06-03
122:Abandoned:
83:Royal Navy
4882:HMS
4871:HMS
4810:HMS
4672:Racehorse
4600:Discovery
4146:Tolstikov
3932:Discovery
3902:HMS
3887:HMS
3869:Adventure
3867:HMS
3852:HMS
3788:Tolstikov
3509:Endurance
3294:Antarctic
3279:Drygalski
3252:Discovery
3245:Discovery
3206:Arctowski
3119:HMS
3092:HMS
3086:Abernethy
3074:HMS
3052:USS
3039:Vincennes
3037:USS
3017:Astrolabe
2957:San Telmo
2938:Adventure
2936:HMS
2921:HMS
2916:Kerguelen
2878:Continent
2863:Antarctic
2740:Urvantsev
2698:Vilkitsky
2551:Jeannette
2549:USS
2541:Jeannette
2505:Weyprecht
2483:Pakhtusov
2433:Chichagov
2426:D. Laptev
2369:Permyakov
2344:Stadukhin
2339:Perfilyev
2316:Mangazeya
2254:H. Larsen
2219:Rasmussen
2174:HMS
2145:USS
2094:HMS
2081:HMS
2045:Collinson
2035:HMS
2027:HMS
2005:HMS
1953:HMS
1938:HMS
1923:HMS
1908:Mackenzie
1895:Discovery
1893:HMS
1878:HMS
1850:Discovery
1829:Frobisher
1792:Rasmussen
1705:Gunnbjörn
1651:Greenland
1580:USS
1571:USS
1443:Ellsworth
1385:Roosevelt
1315:Nansen's
1272:Discovery
1270:HMS
1257:HMS
1204:Abernethy
1172:Marmaduke
1001:697768450
876:Cohen, A.
542:Footnotes
473:Mercy Bay
452:Mercy Bay
403:HMS
392:Mercy Bay
365:HMS
350:HMS
261:Built at
213:Sail plan
4873:Basilisk
4808:29 Oct:
4798:21 Aug:
4778:18 Jun:
4758:24 Apr:
4748:11 Apr:
4681:Resolute
4158:A. Fuchs
4115:V. Fuchs
4095:McKinley
4058:E. Evans
4017:Bjaaland
4012:Amundsen
3962:Marshall
3875:Furneaux
3727:V. Fuchs
3691:E. Ronne
3686:F. Ronne
3625:Ritscher
3479:SY
3467:Filchner
3411:Framheim
3405:Amundsen
3211:Racoviță
3196:Amundsen
3191:Lecointe
3060:Ringgold
3054:Porpoise
2944:Furneaux
2780:Shevelev
2735:Begichev
2714:Amundsen
2676:Nagórski
2654:Brusilov
2648:Sv. Anna
2562:Melville
2532:Palander
2488:Tsivolko
2448:Sannikov
2443:Billings
2386:Chirikov
2305:Barentsz
2247:St. Roch
2238:Bartlett
2212:Amundsen
2196:Sverdrup
2096:Resolute
1985:Franklin
1913:Kotzebue
1780:Sverdrup
1763:Scoresby
1737:Lindenov
1588:Plaisted
1573:Nautilus
1518:Shirshov
1492:Belyakov
1487:Baydukov
1461:Nautilus
1423:Amundsen
1383:SS
1342:Sverdrup
1337:Johansen
1307:Brainard
1302:Lockwood
1157:Barentsz
985:(1922).
952:77373360
932:(1856).
878:(2013).
852:(1857).
763:BBC News
667:CBC News
491:muskoxen
471:reached
405:Resolute
355:and HMS
267:Greenock
107:Acquired
79:Operator
4880:3 Jun:
4869:7 Apr:
4819:1 Dec:
4768:6 Jun:
4591:Carcass
4582:Blossom
4163:Messner
4110:Hillary
4090:Balchen
4038:Polheim
4032:Wisting
3910:Crozier
3882:Weddell
3860:J. Cook
3830:Kapitsa
3811:Fiennes
3753:Klenova
3722:Hillary
3672:Ketchum
3598:BANZARE
3573:·
3418:Polheim
3384:Shirase
3370:Charcot
3180:Belgica
3099:Crozier
3011:Morrell
3006:Weddell
2984:Lazarev
2929:J. Cook
2883:History
2833:Arktika
2809:Krassin
2794:Voronin
2766:Schmidt
2752:Ushakov
2691:Vaygach
2659:Albanov
2628:Rusanov
2609:Kolchak
2604:Matisen
2578:Makarov
2557:De Long
2458:Wrangel
2438:Lyakhov
2391:Malygin
2349:Dezhnev
2176:Pandora
2147:Advance
2114:Kennedy
2109:Belcher
2102:Kellett
2089:McClure
2013:Beechey
2007:Blossom
2000:Simpson
1968:Crozier
1961:Hoppner
1918:J. Ross
1886:J. Cook
1834:Gilbert
1727:J. Hall
1693:Ingólfr
1683:Naddodd
1677:Vikings
1664:Brendan
1659:Pytheas
1647:Iceland
1601:Arktika
1593:Herbert
1558:Badygin
1528:Krenkel
1513:Papanin
1482:Chkalov
1468:Wilkins
1433:Wisting
1377:F. Cook
1283:Markham
1243:Bessels
1232:Polaris
1223:Polaris
1194:J. Ross
1177:Carolus
1125:History
936:(ed.).
868:2060040
830:29 July
802:17 June
769:29 July
741:29 July
713:26 July
673:29 July
640:29 July
608:29 July
521:in the
313:⁄
285:on the
269:on the
245:in the
203:⁄
182:⁄
127: (
114:1848-02
112: (
102:£25,337
89:Builder
50:History
4842:Morris
4812:Rodney
4761:Whitby
4690:Terror
4654:Herald
4636:Griper
4618:Erebus
4285:People
4073:Bowers
4068:Wilson
4027:Hassel
4022:Helmer
3991:Mackay
3981:Mawson
3946:Nimrod
3904:Terror
3889:Erebus
3816:Burton
3611:Rymill
3487:Mawson
3481:Aurora
3460:Lashly
3445:Wilson
3348:Nimrod
3325:Scotia
3132:Murray
3107:Cooper
3094:Terror
3076:Erebus
3045:Wilkes
2996:Palmer
2964:Vostok
2911:Bouvet
2835:-class
2815:Gakkel
2683:Taymyr
2664:Konrad
2633:Kuchin
2571:Yermak
2478:Lavrov
2396:Ovtsyn
2381:Bering
2359:Ivanov
2322:Hudson
2284:Pomors
2261:Cowper
2226:Karluk
2125:Isabel
2119:Bellot
2069:Austin
2037:Terror
2029:Erebus
1925:Griper
1901:Clerke
1861:Baffin
1844:Hudson
1775:Nansen
1688:Garðar
1609:Barneo
1476:ANT-25
1452:Italia
1428:Nobile
1397:Henson
1356:Amedeo
1332:Nansen
1297:Greely
1167:Hudson
1105:Arctic
1018:
999:
971:
950:
918:
890:
866:
438:Legacy
420:Terror
414:Erebus
341:Career
279:Arctic
163:Length
4832:Belle
4645:Hecla
4564:Alert
4555:Ships
4153:Crary
4100:Dufek
4063:Oates
4053:Scott
3986:David
3967:Adams
3938:Barne
3759:Mirny
3748:Somov
3558:Quest
3455:Crean
3440:Scott
3319:Bruce
3273:Gauss
3266:Gauss
3140:Jason
3127:Nares
3001:Davis
2978:Mirny
2951:Smith
2906:Roché
2826:Lenin
2746:Sadko
2671:Wiese
2616:Sedov
2587:Zarya
2510:Payer
2473:Litke
2468:Anjou
2401:Minin
2364:Vagin
2354:Popov
2327:Poole
2182:Young
1995:Dease
1940:Hecla
1931:Parry
1856:Bylot
1839:Davis
1814:Cabot
1787:Peary
1769:Jason
1756:Egede
1670:Papar
1582:Skate
1563:Wiese
1543:NP-37
1536:NP-36
1416:Norge
1404:Sedov
1392:Peary
1350:Jason
1265:Nares
1259:Alert
1214:Hayes
1182:Parry
1120:Ocean
624:"HMS
487:'
464:Inuit
454:, by
428:'
308:—and
4910:1854
4897:1852
4627:Fury
4085:Byrd
4006:Fram
3957:Wild
3639:Marr
3605:BGLE
3592:Byrd
3520:Wild
3399:Fram
3201:Cook
2722:AARI
2707:Maud
2594:Toll
2519:Vega
2205:Gjøa
2190:Fram
2153:Kane
1990:Back
1955:Fury
1946:Lyon
1868:Munk
1507:NP-1
1409:Byrd
1326:Fram
1317:Fram
1209:Kane
1016:ISBN
997:OCLC
969:ISBN
948:OCLC
916:ISBN
888:ISBN
864:OCLC
832:2010
804:2019
771:2010
743:2010
715:2010
675:2010
642:2010
610:2010
417:and
298:teak
225:HMS
171:Beam
99:Cost
69:Name
37:HMS
3782:3rd
3768:2nd
3742:1st
3575:IGY
3571:IPY
2161:Fox
2057:Rae
1623:Mir
1599:NS
1054:at
493:on
450:in
370:on
327:fir
306:elm
265:of
157:BOM
4957::
2687:/
995:.
967:.
946:.
914:.
886:.
862:.
821:.
788:.
760:.
732:.
704:.
665:.
650:^
630:.
601:.
561:^
315:16
300:,
289:.
205:12
201:11
196:18
175:28
4726:e
4719:t
4712:v
4205:e
4198:t
4191:v
3164:"
3158:"
3101:)
3097:(
3088:)
3079:(
1084:e
1077:t
1070:v
1024:.
1003:.
977:.
954:.
924:.
896:.
870:.
834:.
806:.
773:.
745:.
717:.
677:.
644:.
612:.
599:"
583:.
311:5
198:+
184:4
180:1
177:+
131:)
116:)
23:.
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