HMS Lutine (1779) - Knowledge (XXG)

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the trajectory of the Lutine in perdition. The following year, an American supply ship, the Yak,equipped with two large turbines to evacuate large quantities of sand by the pressure of the jet, was leased. While this method has proven itself in other cases of sandblasted wrecks, and despite the advanced technology that has been used for spotting, this new yard is another disappointment. The turbines dig wells 25 meters in diameter and eight meters deep in the space of half an hour, but only various debris, anchors and a fragment of pipe lost by a dredge during a previous site are recovered. The fact that these discoveries belonged to the Lutine could not be guaranteed, but they were shipped to New Zealand where Kelly Tarlton exhibited them as coming from the Lutine in her wreck museum in Waitangi.

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think fit, and the net money produced thereby, and the said sum of twenty-five thousand pounds, shall be applied for purposes connected with shipping or marine insurance, according to a scheme to be prepared by the Society, and confirmed by Order of Her Majesty in Council, on the recommendation of the Board of Trade, after or subject to such public notice to claimants of any part of the money aforesaid to come in, and such investigation of claims, and any such barring of claims not made or not proved, and such reservation of rights (if any), as the Board of Trade think fit.

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the vessel and cargo were captured, and some years afterwards the King of the Netherlands authorized certain undertakers to attempt the further salvage of the cargo on the conditions (among others) that they should pay all expenses, and that one half of all that should be recovered should belong to them, and that the other half should go to the Government of the Netherlands, and subsequently the King of the Netherlands ceded to King George the Fourth on behalf of the Society of Lloyd's, the share in the cargo which had been so reserved to the Government of the Netherlands:

1003:. The engine was modified such that it could be disconnected from the paddlewheels and used to drive the centrifugal 'whirlpool' pump. The pump was capable of pumping water at a rate of 21.5 cubic metres per minute (760 cu ft/min), but tests showed that 1.5 cubic metres per minute (53 cu ft/min) was sufficient, and the 'zandboor' took only a couple of minutes to penetrate through to the wreck. It was also found that the sand did not collapse once the diver descended through the drilled hole into the cavity excavated by the machine. 408: 57: 1275: 1050: 2902: 2897: 910:, the engineer died that year; in 1822, the diving bell arrived at the end of June, but operations were frustrated by bad weather and silting-up of the wreck; at this stage the wreck was reckoned to be 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) under the sand. Although salvage attempts continued until 1829, little was gained and the diving bell was sold on to the Dutch navy. In 1835, the sandbank covering 1222: 475:...seventeen ships of the line (one 120, one 80 and fifteen 74s), five frigates and eleven corvettes. In various stages of refitting in the New Basin were four ships of the line (one 120, one 80, and two 74s) and a frigate. Mainly in the Old Basin and, for the most part, awaiting middling or large repair, were eight ships of the line (one 80 and seven 74s), five frigates and two corvettes. 976: 968: 2516: 670:, which ship ran on to the outer bank of the Fly Island passage on the night of the 9th inst. in a heavy gale of wind from the NNW, and I am much afraid the crew with the exception of one man, who was saved on a part of the wreck, have perished. This man, when taken up, was almost exhausted. He is at present tolerably recovered, and relates that the 876:. Over 4–5 September, two small casks were recovered, one with its bottom stoved in, yielding twelve gold bars. There were also other, more minor, recoveries, making this year the most successful of all the salvage attempts; however, the expenses of the salvage were still greater than the recoveries by 3,241 guilders. 1306:

Room at Lloyd's. It weighs 48 kilograms (106 lb) and is 46 centimetres (18 in) in diameter. It remains a mystery why the name on the bell does not correspond with that of the ship. The bell was traditionally struck when news of an overdue ship arrived – once for the loss of a ship (i.e. bad

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and signed a three-year contract, subsequently extended for another three years and then a further twenty years. The plan was that when the depth of water reached 7 metres (23 ft), the machine would be used to excavate the same depth of sand down onto the wreck. Ter Meulen bought a steel-hulled,

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In 1857, it was discovered by chance that "a channel had formed straight across the Goudplaat sandbank, leading over the wreck, so that the latter was not merely clear of sand but had also sunk further below the surface with the channel the bows and stern, together with the decks and sides, had come

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The Society may from time to time do or join in doing all such lawful things as they think expedient with a view to further salving from the wreck of the Lutine, and hold, receive, and apply for that purpose so much of the money to be received by means of salving therefrom as they from time to time

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And whereas in or about the year 1799 a vessel of war of the Royal Navy, named the Lutine, was wrecked on the coast of Holland with a considerable amount of specie on board, insured by underwriters at Lloyd's, being members of the Society, and others, and Holland being then at war with this country

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In 1979, at the request of New Zealand underwater treasure hunters Lyle Henry Mortmore and Kelly Tarlton37, a tracking campaign is led by the company Oretech, which locates more than 4,000 objects using the latest information technologies. This makes it possible to establish with precision what was

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In 1956, the Dutch engineer van Wienen proposed the construction of a vast floating pontoon (35 meters in diameter) to explore up to 10 meters deep in the sand while following the path of the shipwrecked ship from its stranding to its dislocation. But funding is not found for this ambitious project

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Less known is that in addition to the table and chair, two ink sets are also made from the wood of the rudder. These feature lloyd's coat of arms and a silver plaque with the text: Ink set made of lutine rudder with silver plaque THIS INKSTAND is made of the RUDDER of LUTINE Frigate wrecked off the

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Lloyd's records were destroyed by fire in 1838, and the actual amount of the gold lost is now unknown. In 1858 Lloyd's estimated the total value at £1.2 million, made up of both silver and gold. Despite extended operations, over 80% remains to be salvaged. An uncorroborated newspaper report in

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And whereas it is expedient that the operations of salving from the wreck of the Lutine be continued, and that provision be made for the application in that behalf, as far as may be requisite, of money that may hereafter be received from those operations, and for the application to public or other

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to report on the wreck, and F.P. Robbé, the Receiver on Terschelling, was authorised in December 1799 to begin salvage operations. All three parties had drawn attention to the difficulty of salvage due to the unfavourable position of the wreck and lateness of the year. At this point, the wreck was

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and underwriters were made aware of the news simultaneously. This was because reinsurance on an overdue vessel was often placed (so that an underwriter could close their books on a block of older business), so making the latest information on a ship highly material to a partly placed reinsurance

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And whereas from time to time operations of salving from the wreck of the Lutine have been carried on, and a portion of the sum recovered, amounting to about twenty-five thousand pounds, is by virtue of the cession aforesaid in the custody or under the control of the Committee for managing the

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By 1860, the depth of the wreck had reached 14 metres (46 ft) and the quantity of salvage was declining. Nonetheless, over the four years salvage worth half a million guilders had been recovered: 41 gold bars, 64 silver bars, and 15,350 various coins, and the syndicate paid a 136% return;

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Eschauzier's attempts spurred Lloyd's to approach the British government to defend their rights to the wreck. In 1823, King William revised by subsequent decree the original decree: everything which "had been reserved to the state from the cargo of the above-mentioned frigate" was ceded to the

945:). In 1859 it became apparent that the treasure had been stored towards the stern of the ship, and that the stern was lying on its side, with the starboard side uppermost and the port side sunk into the sand. This area, however, only gave up 4 gold bars, 1 silver bar, and over 3,500 piastres. 1006:

Unfortunately, the wreck remained heavily silted up, with the depth of water varying between a high of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) (in 1873) to a low of 5 metres (16 ft) (in 1868 and again in 1884). However, ter Meulen was responsible for re-establishing the landmarks used for taking

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sank, the wreck began silting up, forcing an end to salvage attempts by 1804. By chance, it was discovered in 1857 that the wreck was again uncovered, but covered again in 1859. The wreck was probably partially uncovered between 1915 and 1916, although no salvage was attempted because of

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mining company. Despite these spectacular means, only one gold bar was raised on this occasion, along with 8 gold and 123 silver coins, 13 tons of steel, 3 tons of lead, 18 cubic meters of wreck wood, 5 cannons and some other objects. The expedition, which cost Billiton 442,500

850:; 212 half-pistoles, 179 Spanish gold pistoles; with smaller quantities of quarter; eighth and sixteenth pistoles. A 1911 account reports that, besides the gold, silver and pistoles listed above, there was also recovered 41,697-not 42,000- Spanish Silver pistoles; 81 double 881:

that the part of the wreck in which one is accustomed to find the precious metals has now been covered by a large piece of the side of the ship (which had previously been found hanging more or less at an angle), thus impeding the salvage work, which was otherwise

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In 1859 the rudder from the wreck was salvaged. This was transported to Lloyd's and used to make a desk and a chair for Lloyd's of London. These are still kept at Lloyd's and used on special occasions. On the table is a plaque of silver with the text:

938:('Dutch diver'). However, a large number of unauthorised salvors also displayed an interest, which led the Dutch government to station a gunboat in the area. Over the course of the season approximately 20,000 guilders-worth of specie was recovered. 1312:

contract. The bell has developed a crack and the traditional practice of ringing news has ended: the last time it was rung to tell of a lost ship was in 1979 and the last time it was rung to herald the return of an overdue ship was in 1989.

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The gold was apparently stored in flimsy casks bound with weak iron hoops and the silver in casks with wooden hoops. Within a year of the wreck, these casks had largely disintegrated, and the sea had started to scatter and cover the wreck.

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The wind blowing strong from the NNW, and the lee tide coming on, rendered it impossible with Schowts or other boats to go out to aid her until daylight in the morning, and at that time nothing was to be seen but parts of the wreck.

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32 Gun Frigate Commanded by Captain Lancelot Skynner, R.N. Sailed from Yarmouth Roads On the morning of the 9th October, 1799 with a large amount of specie on board, And was wrecked off the Island of Vlieland the same night,

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as a token "of our friendly sentiments towards the Kingdom of Great Britain, and by no means out of a conviction of England's right to any part of the aforementioned cargo." This share was subsequently ceded back to Lloyd's.

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In 1898, 2 long cwt (200 lb or 100 kg) of timber was salvaged. This was donated to the Liverpool Underwriters' Association, whose chairman had it made into a chair. Where this chair is now is unknown.

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The ownership of the remaining, unsalved, gold is vested in half shares between the 'decretal salvors' and the Society of Lloyd's, Lloyd's ownership being governed under the terms of the Lloyd's Act 1871, §35:

1106:, carried at the ship's bow, each weighing 3,900 kilograms (8,600 lb) were recovered and put on display in Amsterdam. Consideration was given by Lloyd's to setting the anchors up as a monument behind the 1454:

which means imp as a noun and impish as an adjective. When the ship was originally named in French, the concept in mind was probably "sprite", though the word carries a range of associations – including

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In 1911 a Salvage Company was organized to salvage the reported treasure. In 1912 this effort is reported to have recovered silver coins, cannon, cannonballs, grapeshot and an anchor but no treasure.

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and bound for Hamburg, and having a very considerable capital on board, consisting of gold and silver as well as thousands of Spanish coins, believed to amount in all to 20 million Dutch guilders.

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shrank and moved southwards, with the depth of water being 9–10 metres (30–33 ft) and desultory attempts at salvage were made. Further attempts to raise capital were largely unsuccessful.

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translates as "the tease" or "tormentress" or more literally "imp". While this is the way the name of the ship is usually translated for English readers, in French, it is the feminine form of

240: 699:, near Stamford, England, where his father was rector for many years. Plaques on the former rectory (known for a time as Lutine House) and in the church commemorate this and Captain Skynner. 842:

1799-1801: An 1876 account reports that fishermen-with the sanction of the Dutch government in return for two-thirds of the recovered salvage-for a year and a half prior to 1801 recovered

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In return, the state would receive half of all recoveries. Eschauzier and his heirs therefore became the owners of the wreck by royal decree and thus are known as the 'Decretal Salvors'.

431:, also escorting convoys in the Eastern Mediterranean and calling Marseille, Malta, Smyrna and Foilleri. At Athens, Flotte was gifted an antique relief, that he reported to Navy Minister 1337: 1522:(dead men's coffins), allegedly because it is also close to the place from which the wood for the coffins originated; an alternative explanation is that the name is a corruption of 1843: 401: 731:, surprising the Dutch who had considered the shoals impassable. The depth of water also constantly changes, and this has caused much of the difficulty in salvage attempts. 1542:, also lost his life at sea in an action in the Bay of Biscay in 1760. A further Skynner (William Walker Skynner) also died at sea. He was the Navigation Officer in 540: 685:

Three officers, including Captain Skynner, were apparently buried in the Vlieland churchyard, and around two hundred others were buried in a mass grave near the

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was wrecked in a shallow channel called the IJzergat, which has now completely disappeared, between the islands of Vlieland and Terschelling. Immediately after

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On 27 September 1793, the royalists in Toulon surrendered the city, naval dockyards, arsenal, and French Mediterranean fleet to a British fleet commanded by

1403:. The rudder was salvaged on 18 September 1858. This furniture was previously in the Lloyd's writing room and was used by the Chairman of Lloyd's at the 2325: 2565: 548: 400:

was under Cambray, and called the ports of Foilleri, Smyrna and Malta, before returning to Toulon, escorting a convoy. Later that year, she was under

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The Book of Buried Treasure: Being a True History of the Gold, Jewels, and Plate of Pirates, Galleons, Etc., which are Sought for to this Day

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The 1858 season was hampered by poor weather but yielded 32 gold bars and 66 silver bars. This ship's bell was also discovered in this year (

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I shall use every endeavour to save what I can from the wreck, but from the situation she is lying in, I am afraid little will be recovered.

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purposes of the aforesaid sum of twenty-five thousand pounds, and of the unclaimed residue of money to be hereafter received as aforesaid

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In August 1800 Robbé recovered a cask of seven gold bars, weighing 37 kilograms (82 lb) and a small chest containing 4,606 Spanish

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left Yarmouth Roads on the morning of the 9th inst. bound for the Texel, and that she had on board a considerable quantity of money.

2939: 2929: 2763: 2467: 2406: 2387: 1261: 1089:'s Stedelijk Museum, and at least four are in Terschelling. A number of coins and small relics were recovered to the value of £700. 2520: 1290:(engraved "ST. JEAN – 1779") was recovered on 17 July 1858. The bell was found entangled in the chains originally running from the 879:

In 1801, although recoveries were made, conditions were unfavourable and the wreck was already silted up. By 1804 Robbé reported:

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In 1933 an attempt was made to salvage the reported treasure, but was stopped when the salvage bell was wrecked by a World War I

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A 1912 account claims the 1858 effort recovered $ 140,000 bullion in slabs and by 1860 $ 220,000 in bullion had been recovered.

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to Russia in 1916. He is commemorated on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial and the HMS Hampshire Memorial at Winchester Cathedral.

2959: 1243: 1066: 468: 789:; Lloyd's also sent agents to look over the wreck. The Committee for the Public Properties of Holland instructed the local 2558: 1562:

As the complete archive of Lloyds was destroyed by fire in 1838, it is not possible to know how much exactly was on board

629:. There, she became a total loss. All but one of her approximately 240 passengers and crew perished in the breaking seas. 2528: 1018: 1012: 798: 2751: 1307:

news), and twice for her return (i.e. good news). The bell was sounded to stop the transaction of business while all

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The Doejoengdredge, of the same type as the Karimata,used in 1938 to excavate the site of the sinking of the Lutine.

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60 years after the disaster. Only the general assessment of the cargo and the amount of insurance are known for sure

2905: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2574: 2485: 1324: 1074: 443: 294:. She was launched by the French in 1779. The ship passed to British control in 1793 and was taken into service as 1232: 601:

and, possibly, for paying troops in North Holland. In the evening of 9 October 1799, during a heavy northwesterly

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to a bomb vessel that fired mortars at the besieging French artillery batteries, which were under the command of

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control. On 18 December 1793, she was one of sixteen ships handed over to a British fleet at the end of the

20: 32: 2740: 1784: 1404: 1320: 1107: 1057:, presented by Lloyd's to Queen Victoria in 1886 and now displayed on the North Terrace at Windsor Castle. 720: 1140:

In 1938, yet another attempt was made to salvage the reported treasure. During this attempt, the largest

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After 1860 to 1889 attempts at salvage are reported to have recovered 11,164 coins valued at $ 4,600.

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In 1814, Pierre Eschauzier was allocated 300 guilders for salvage by the Dutch King and recovered "8

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The failure of the gold to arrive precipitated the very crisis that it had been designed to prevent.

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s captain; likewise, a salvaged sword was identified as belonging to Lt. Charles Gustine Aufrere.

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In 1821, Robbé's successor as Receiver at Terschelling, Pierre Eschauzier successfully petitioned

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island of Vlieland Oct. 9. 1799. The Rudder was recovered in 1859 after being submerged 60 years

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Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 1 1671 – 1870

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asserted that the bell was being rung continuously because of Allied shipping losses during the

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In 1891 a few small coins were found, and in 1896 a cannon was presented to Queen Wilhelmina.

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a device which forced water into the sandy sea bed in order to clear a way for a helmet diver

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In 1867, an inventor, Willem Hendrik ter Meulen, proposed using a 'zandboor' ('sand drill'),

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above it and some ribs attached to this". Recovery work immediately recommenced, now using

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was one of the ships from the Old Basin. During the siege of Toulon, the British converted

1111: 855: 766:, which paid the claim in full. The underwriters therefore owned the gold under rights of 459: 335: 2417: 1291: 2301:"Lloyd's mark the death of HM Queen Elizabeth II & accession of HM King Charles III" 2697: 1809: 1618: 1612: 1365: 1070: 843: 809:, which foundered between Terrschelling and Vlieland in the year 1799, proceeding from 771: 666:

Sir, It is with extreme pain that I have to state to you the melancholy fate of H.M.S.

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The ship was sent to Portsmouth in December 1793 for a refit and commissioned as HMS

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disrupted salvage attempts, and the majority of the cargo has never been recovered.

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of 1.5 million guilders and its "plunging saucer" remains at the project stage 36.

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of Bullion consisting of 58 bars of gold; 35 bars of silver; 42,000 Spanish silver

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It tolls when a member of the Royal Family dies and was heard after the deaths of

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it. However, because of the state of war, the Dutch also laid claim to it as a

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Lloyd's archives were destroyed by the fire at Lloyd's headquarters in 1838, a

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served as an escort, guiding transports in and out of the shoal waters around

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since 1795. (The French had captured the Dutch fleet the previous year in a

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and the remainder of the Dutch fleet was captured on 30 August 1799 by the

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made by Lloyd's in 1858: £1.2 million, consisting of both silver and gold

2326:"Lloyd's rings Lutine Bell to honour pioneering architect Richard Rogers" 1549:, which sank after hitting a mine off the north of Scotland while taking 1456: 1174: 1149: 859: 847: 651: 582: 373: 365: 351: 2380:

The Fall of Toulon: The Last Opportunity to Defeat the French Revolution

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to attempt the further salvage of the cargo of the English frigate, the

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on 9 October 1799, whilst carrying a large shipment of gold. Shifting

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There is also a chair and table at Lloyd's made from the frigate's

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attempts were finally ended in 1863 as the wreck again silted up.

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Lancelot Skynner, having made unexpected leeway, was drawn by the

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A brief history of the loss and salvage attempts is given in the

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and 7 Spanish piastres fished out of the wreck of the Lutine".

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Salvage attempts appear to have been given up at this point.

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18th-century frigate in the French and later British navies

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Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises

2028:(1). National Rivers & Harbors Congress: 202–203. 1912 1081:. A final cannon was passed to the Lloyd's sports club in 1535:

Another Captain Lancelot Skynner, a cousin who commanded

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lying in approximately 7.5 metres (25 ft) of water.

577:(equivalent in value to £149 million in 2024), from 834:

1869 referred to the Dutch crown jewels being on board.

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she was employed in carrying about £1.2 million in

2153:(3). Popular Science Publishing Co.: 59 September 1934. 2057: 2055: 1731: 1729: 1395:

The present Lloyd's building in Lime Street since 1986.

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His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

2195:"Dredge to Seek Sunken Gold Lost in Shipwreck of 1799" 1407:

of members, but is now kept in the Old Library of the

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were forwarded to Lloyd's. Reportedly the outbreak of

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nd the amount of cargo lost is based on the estimate

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had heavily defeated the Dutch fleet in 1797 at the

404:, conducting missions in the Eastern Mediterranean. 2838: 2581: 1747: 1679: 1667: 1655: 1643: 1631: 346:frigate with 38 guns. She served thereafter in the 1690: 1688: 1518:A lake outside Terschelling is known today as the 1701:Monuments et mémoires de la Fondation Eugène Piot 1392:Lloyd's first Lime Street headquarters 1958–1986; 1315:During World War II, the Nazi radio propagandist 787:for the benefit of the persons to whom it belongs 692:in Terschelling. No memorials mark these graves. 918:completely away, leaving only the keel with the 727:had managed to penetrate these shoals and start 1697:"Une stèle attique signée au musée de Grenoble" 1201: 1183: 1144:in the world (75 metres long, 23 metres wide), 1061:In 1886 a cannon was salvaged and presented by 951: 803: 785:on 29 October 1799 to try to recover the cargo 664: 516:, in which an Anglo-Russian army landed in the 473: 384:– which is now used for ceremonial purposes at 342:. In 1795, she was rebuilt by the British as a 2559: 2046: 1984: 1972: 1960: 1912: 1900: 1888: 1830: 1594: 1368:, architect of the present Lloyd's building. 8: 2529:"The "Lutine": The mystery of the lost gold" 2012: 2010: 2008: 1870: 1695:Daumas, Michèle; Holtzmann, Bernard (1991). 801:and by royal decree received the sole right 411:Attic funerary stele brought from Athens by 1011:of the wreck site and for establishing its 960:When all on board were lost except one man. 450:was recommissioned as a bomb ship in 1792. 2566: 2552: 2544: 2575:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1799 1801:inflation figures are based on data from 1262:Learn how and when to remove this message 565:In October 1799 under command of Captain 1844:"Historic stone country houses for sale" 1204:Salvage operations as to wreck of Lutine 1148:, which was operated by the Anglo–Dutch 2076:"Gathering Gold From the Ocean's Floor" 2074:Stockbridge, Frank Parker (June 1913). 1771: 1759: 1587: 1440: 781:Captain Portlock was instructed by the 650:, commander of the British squadron at 338:, to prevent her being captured by the 2205:(4). H. H. Windsor: 528. October 1938. 1364:. It was rung once after the death of 999:paddlewheel-driven 50 h.p. steam tug, 934:), the latter using a bell called the 380:has preserved her salvaged bell – the 27: 2175:(1). H. H. Windsor: 1–3. January 1934 2061: 1999: 1950:(2). W. & R. Chambers: 440. 1876. 1924: 1735: 1371:The bell has hung in four successive 964:The chair has a similar inscription. 142: 53: 7: 2099:Coggswell, John F. (November 1930). 1244:adding citations to reliable sources 1157:, brought a return of only 189,035. 942: 654:, reported the loss, writing to the 2143:"Hunt Lost Gold in Big Diving Bell" 1122:prevented another salvage attempt. 894:In 1821, Eschauzier put together a 695:Captain Lancelot Skynner came from 838:Initial salvage attempts 1799-1938 524:), which had been occupied by the 318:with 32 guns, and was launched at 14: 2397:Kindleberger, Charles P. (1978). 2101:"A Hard-Boiled Hunt for Treasure" 1478:The relief in question is now at 770:and later authorised attempts to 2900: 2895: 2514: 2272:magazine, March 1965, quoted in 2119:"Hunt Ship's Gold in Metal Cone" 1342:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 1220: 213:1,000 tons (French) fully loaded 144: 55: 31: 2503:Wreck entry at wrakkenmuseum.nl 2165:"Salvaging the "Lutine's" Gold" 1379:The Royal Exchange 1859 – 1928; 1231:needs additional citations for 471:. The French vessels included: 2935:Age of Sail frigates of France 2416:Paine, Ralph Delahaye (1911). 1785:"Lancelot Skynner (1766-1799)" 1459:– and derives from Old French 898:with the intention of using a 1: 2945:Shipwrecks of the Netherlands 2454:Van der Molen, S. J. (1970). 2382:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 1463:, ultimately from the Latin, 1073:. Another was offered to the 2484:Archives nationales (2011). 1420:For a frigate's rigging see 1278:Internal shot of Rostrum at 350:, where she was part of the 239:5.2 m (17 ft) (22 2427:Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). 1526:, meaning a pauper's grave. 715:The site of the wreck, the 2996: 2965:Maritime incidents in 1799 2925:Frigates of the Royal Navy 1748:Archives nationales (2011) 1680:Archives nationales (2011) 1668:Archives nationales (2011) 1656:Archives nationales (2011) 1644:Archives nationales (2011) 1632:Archives nationales (2011) 1075:City of London Corporation 1069:: it is now on display at 762:. The gold was insured by 457: 444:War of the First Coalition 308:She was built as a French 18: 2950:Magicienne-class frigates 2890: 2867:December (unknown date): 2846:February (unknown date): 2792:November (unknown date): 2401:. New York: Basic Books. 1085:. More are on display in 1077:and is on display at the 514:French Revolutionary Wars 442:With the outbreak of the 286:which served in both the 223:44.2 m (145 ft) 183: 48: 30: 2940:Treasure from shipwrecks 2930:Ships of the French Navy 1334:Diana, Princess of Wales 1168: 1110:in place of a statue to 402:Garnier de Saint-Antonin 305:during a storm in 1799. 231:11.2 m (37 ft) 84:is the feminine form of 2521:HMS Lutine (ship, 1779) 2217:"HMS "Lutine" Timeline" 2147:Popular Science Monthly 2124:Popular Science Monthly 1803:Clark, Gregory (2017). 1428:Blessing of Burntisland 953:H.B.M. Ship La Lutine. 427:In 1781, she was under 364:sank during a storm at 269:6 × 6-pounder long guns 184:General characteristics 21:Lutine (disambiguation) 2675:April (unknown date): 2527:Ruiter, Wijke (2012). 1713:10.3406/piot.1991.1626 1608:Nouveau Petit Larousse 1405:annual general meeting 1321:Battle of the Atlantic 1283: 1209: 1196: 1137: 1102:In 1913 the two bower 1058: 980: 972: 962: 815: 721:Second Anglo-Dutch War 683: 641: 597:in order to prevent a 477: 424: 179:Wrecked 9 October 1799 2960:Ships built in France 2221:Interlloyd Averij B.V 2107:. H. H. Windsor: 772. 1938:"Story of the Lutine" 1277: 1190:affairs of Lloyd's: 1135: 1052: 978: 970: 906:Englishmen. However, 823:King of Great Britain 635: 617:, onto a sandbank in 410: 301:. She sank among the 2696:May (unknown date): 2523:at Wikimedia Commons 2378:Ireland, B. (2005). 2047:Van der Molen (1970) 1985:Van der Molen (1970) 1973:Van der Molen (1970) 1961:Van der Molen (1970) 1913:Van der Molen (1970) 1901:Van der Molen (1970) 1889:Van der Molen (1970) 1831:Van der Molen (1970) 1595:Van der Molen (1970) 1375:Underwriting Rooms: 1240:improve this article 1169:The Lloyd's Act 1871 1034:53.34306°N 5.02611°E 627:West Frisian Islands 585:in order to provide 545:Battle of Camperdown 508:occurred during the 370:West Frisian Islands 322:in 1779. During the 303:West Frisian Islands 19:For other uses, see 2666:Hired armed cutter 2591:Hired armed lugger 2456:The Lutine Treasure 2351:"Lloyd's buildings" 2274:The Lutine Treasure 2002:, pp. 291–292. 1927:, pp. 298–299. 1871:Kindleberger (1978) 1505:(28 guns), and HMS 1030: / 930:) and bell divers ( 791:Receivers of Wrecks 554:During this period 2022:National Waterways 1943:Chambers's Journal 1799:Retail Price Index 1480:Museum of Grenoble 1346:Queen Elizabeth II 1284: 1138: 1059: 981: 973: 936:Hollandsche Duiker 697:Easton on the Hill 642: 621:off the island of 599:stock market crash 488:Napoleon Bonaparte 425: 421:Museum of Grenoble 386:their headquarters 340:French Republicans 2912: 2911: 2539:on 24 March 2006. 2519:Media related to 2438:978-2-9525917-0-6 2355:Lloyd's of London 2305:Lloyd's of London 2250:Lloyd's of London 2199:Popular Mechanics 2169:Popular Mechanics 2105:Popular Mechanics 2081:Popular Mechanics 1852:. 13 January 2011 1387:Leadenhall Street 1272: 1271: 1264: 1079:Guildhall, London 1039:53.34306; 5.02611 764:Lloyd's of London 711:Site of the wreck 613:flowing into the 605:, the ship under 518:Batavian Republic 378:Lloyd's of London 324:French Revolution 275: 274: 210:600 tons (French) 122:11 September 1779 2987: 2904: 2899: 2883: 2873: 2863: 2853: 2831: 2820: 2809: 2799: 2788: 2778: 2767: 2757: 2746: 2735: 2724: 2713: 2702: 2692: 2681: 2671: 2660: 2657:Earl Fitzwilliam 2650: 2639: 2628: 2617: 2607: 2596: 2568: 2561: 2554: 2545: 2540: 2535:. Archived from 2533:scribeweekly.com 2518: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2490: 2473: 2450: 2423: 2412: 2393: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2287:"LLoyds Twitter" 2283: 2277: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2242: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2014: 2003: 1997: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1880: 1874: 1868: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1840: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1692: 1683: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1653: 1647: 1641: 1635: 1629: 1623: 1604: 1598: 1592: 1576: 1573: 1567: 1560: 1554: 1533: 1527: 1516: 1510: 1489: 1483: 1476: 1470: 1445: 1409:Lloyd's building 1267: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1247: 1224: 1216: 1179:Lloyd's Act 1871 1045: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1026: 1023: 971:Lutine Ink stand 868: 729:Holmes's Bonfire 567:Lancelot Skynner 532:over the frozen 510:Second Coalition 504:The loss of the 263:26 × 12-pounder 252:Full-rigged ship 152: 149: 148: 147: 63: 60: 59: 35: 28: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2985: 2984: 2915: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2886: 2876: 2866: 2856: 2845: 2839:Other incidents 2834: 2823: 2812: 2802: 2791: 2781: 2770: 2760: 2749: 2738: 2727: 2716: 2705: 2695: 2684: 2674: 2663: 2653: 2642: 2631: 2620: 2610: 2599: 2588: 2577: 2572: 2526: 2511: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2483: 2470: 2453: 2439: 2426: 2422:. W. Heinemann. 2415: 2409: 2396: 2390: 2377: 2374: 2369: 2359: 2357: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2334: 2332: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2285: 2284: 2280: 2276:, qv., page 154 2268: 2264: 2254: 2252: 2244: 2243: 2236: 2226: 2224: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2178: 2176: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2098: 2097: 2093: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2060: 2053: 2045: 2041: 2031: 2029: 2016: 2015: 2006: 1998: 1991: 1983: 1979: 1971: 1967: 1959: 1955: 1936: 1935: 1931: 1923: 1919: 1911: 1907: 1899: 1895: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1869: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1829: 1825: 1815: 1813: 1802: 1796: 1792: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1770: 1766: 1758: 1754: 1746: 1742: 1734: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1694: 1693: 1686: 1678: 1674: 1666: 1662: 1654: 1650: 1642: 1638: 1630: 1626: 1605: 1601: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1561: 1557: 1534: 1530: 1520:Doodemanskisten 1517: 1513: 1490: 1486: 1477: 1473: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1417: 1358:London Bombings 1282:and Lutine Bell 1268: 1257: 1251: 1248: 1237: 1225: 1214: 1212:The Lutine Bell 1171: 1112:Sir Robert Peel 1038: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1016: 979:Lutine Monument 924:helmeted divers 866: 856:pounds sterling 840: 752: 713: 708: 662:on 10 October: 462: 460:Siege of Toulon 456: 394: 336:Siege of Toulon 332:French Royalist 150: 145: 143: 106:Toulon shipyard 98:23 October 1778 61: 54: 44: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2993: 2991: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2970:Captured ships 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2917: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2884: 2877:Unknown date: 2874: 2864: 2854: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2824:Unknown date: 2821: 2810: 2800: 2789: 2779: 2768: 2758: 2747: 2736: 2725: 2714: 2703: 2693: 2682: 2672: 2661: 2651: 2640: 2629: 2618: 2608: 2597: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2571: 2570: 2563: 2556: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2524: 2510: 2509:External links 2507: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2478:External links 2475: 2474: 2468: 2451: 2437: 2424: 2413: 2407: 2394: 2388: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2367: 2342: 2330:www.lloyds.com 2317: 2292: 2278: 2262: 2234: 2208: 2186: 2156: 2134: 2110: 2091: 2066: 2064:, p. 291. 2051: 2039: 2004: 1989: 1977: 1965: 1953: 1929: 1917: 1905: 1893: 1881: 1875: 1863: 1835: 1823: 1810:MeasuringWorth 1790: 1776: 1774:, p. 247. 1772:Ireland (2005) 1764: 1762:, p. 301. 1760:Ireland (2005) 1752: 1750:, p. 319. 1740: 1738:, p. 288. 1725: 1684: 1682:, p. 322. 1672: 1670:, p. 299. 1660: 1658:, p. 283. 1648: 1646:, p. 282. 1636: 1634:, p. 281. 1624: 1619:Collins-Robert 1613:Petit Larousse 1599: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1568: 1555: 1551:Lord Kitchener 1528: 1524:d'Earmeskisten 1511: 1495:commanded the 1484: 1471: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1424: 1416: 1413: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1380: 1366:Richard Rogers 1352:disaster, the 1270: 1269: 1228: 1226: 1219: 1213: 1210: 1170: 1167: 1155:Dutch guilders 1108:Royal Exchange 1071:Windsor Castle 1067:Queen Victoria 839: 836: 799:King William I 751: 748: 725:Admiral Holmes 712: 709: 707: 704: 530:cavalry charge 458:Main article: 455: 454:British career 452: 393: 390: 273: 272: 271: 270: 267: 259: 255: 254: 249: 245: 244: 237: 233: 232: 229: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 215: 214: 211: 206: 202: 201: 190: 189:Class and type 186: 185: 181: 180: 177: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 158: 154: 153: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 104: 100: 99: 96: 92: 91: 79: 75: 74: 69: 65: 64: 51: 50: 46: 45: 42:-class frigate 36: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2992: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2829: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2678:Lord Mulgrave 2673: 2670: 2669: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2569: 2564: 2562: 2557: 2555: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2471: 2469:0-229-97482-1 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2414: 2410: 2408:0-471-16192-6 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2389:0-297-84612-4 2385: 2381: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2331: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2288: 2282: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2263: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2111: 2106: 2102: 2095: 2092: 2087: 2086:H. 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Windsor 2083: 2082: 2077: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2049:, p. 94. 2048: 2043: 2040: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1987:, p. 82. 1986: 1981: 1978: 1975:, p. 63. 1974: 1969: 1966: 1963:, p. 60. 1962: 1957: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1918: 1915:, p. 71. 1914: 1909: 1906: 1903:, p. 66. 1902: 1897: 1894: 1891:, p. 55. 1890: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1864: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1833:, p. 37. 1832: 1827: 1824: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1603: 1600: 1597:, p. 21. 1596: 1591: 1588: 1582: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1362:Armistice Day 1359: 1355: 1354:Asian tsunami 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1281: 1276: 1266: 1263: 1255: 1245: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1229:This section 1227: 1223: 1218: 1217: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1156: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1134: 1130: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1014: 1010: 1004: 1002: 997: 992: 989: 985: 977: 969: 965: 961: 958: 954: 950: 946: 944: 939: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 915: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 892: 890: 885: 883: 877: 875: 870: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 837: 835: 831: 827: 824: 818: 814: 812: 808: 802: 800: 795: 792: 788: 784: 779: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 749: 747: 745: 740: 736: 732: 730: 726: 722: 718: 710: 705: 703: 700: 698: 693: 691: 688: 682: 679: 675: 673: 669: 663: 661: 657: 653: 649: 646: 639: 634: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 563: 561: 560:North Holland 557: 552: 550: 546: 542: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 502: 500: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 472: 470: 467: 461: 453: 451: 449: 445: 440: 438: 434: 430: 422: 418: 414: 409: 405: 403: 399: 392:French career 391: 389: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 314: 312: 306: 304: 300: 299: 293: 289: 285: 281: 280: 268: 266: 262: 261: 260: 257: 256: 253: 250: 247: 246: 242: 238: 235: 234: 230: 227: 226: 222: 219: 218: 212: 209: 208: 207: 204: 203: 200: 197: 195: 191: 188: 187: 182: 178: 175: 174: 170: 167: 166: 163: 159: 156: 155: 151:Great Britain 141: 137: 134: 133: 130:November 1779 129: 126: 125: 121: 118: 117: 113: 110: 109: 105: 102: 101: 97: 94: 93: 89: 88: 83: 80: 77: 76: 73: 70: 67: 66: 58: 52: 47: 43: 41: 34: 29: 26: 22: 2980:Ships in art 2975:Terschelling 2879: 2869: 2859: 2849: 2827: 2816: 2805: 2795: 2784: 2774: 2762: 2753: 2742: 2731: 2720: 2718: 2709: 2698: 2688: 2677: 2667: 2656: 2646: 2635: 2624: 2613: 2603: 2593:Duke of York 2592: 2537:the original 2532: 2492:. 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