590:'s navy began to invest in torpedo boats, small and agile ships which used their torpedoes to deliver enough damage to pose a tactical issue to enemy fleets. Near the turn of the 20th century, British and German torpedo boats grew in size to the point of creating a separate line of sea-going torpedo craft, "torpedo boat destroyers", or simply destroyers, designed in part to counter torpedo boats themselves. Experience in World War I showed that destroyers very rarely engaged capital ships, but more often fought other destroyers and submarines; because of this, destroyers were partially re-focused towards escort and anti-submarine services. During the war, they were used as "maids of all work", fulfilling virtually every role to some degree, and, unlike capital ships, which rarely left port during the war, served in numerous operations. By the end of the war, destroyers were perceived as one of the most useful classes of ships.
2870:
2499:
65:
2956:
165:
2915:
37:
2805:
506:, publicly denounced it in March 1935. The displacements of all German ships at the time were purposefully understated to have their official sizes comply with the treaty. At first, these changes were made with the goal of being able to match or exceed French and Polish destroyers, but later it was necessary that these destroyers be able to match British destroyers, a much more difficult goal.
606:. The role of the destroyer began to vary more widely as World War II progressed, with five parallel evolutions: the all-purpose destroyer (all countries), the anti-submarine destroyer (United States and United Kingdom), the anti-aircraft destroyer (Japan and the United Kingdom), the small destroyer (Germany and Italy), and the super-large destroyer (France).
490:, the period between the first and second world wars, the average size of Allied ships and their armaments in almost all warship categories grew substantially. As a result of the treaty, Germany felt that her ships could not compete with those of the Allied navies and began to ignore the treaty, at first covertly, and later openly after
594:
introduce anti-aircraft measures to the destroyers, although many nations struggled to do so effectively. How destroyers were actually used varied by country. Germany did not use her destroyers to defend against submarines, hence their lack of strong anti-submarine armament. Germany relied on a massive fleet of
1558:
was placed over a 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) charge, which was then detonated. The explosion threw up a plume of water that was 250 feet (76 m) high, and broke her keel approximately 1.6 seconds after the explosion. Her second boiler room flooded almost immediately, and the other two gradually
509:
Due to the comparatively small number of German shipyards, compared to the
British or French, Germany adopted a policy of over-arming her destroyers to compensate for their low numbers, so that they bore similar armament to French and Polish light cruisers. Several negative consequences resulted from
573:
began in 1939, meaning that very few of
Germany's heavy ships would be finished at that point. Germany's main naval opponents were France and England. Compared to the number of ships Germany had upon entry into the war (in parentheses) they had: 22 battleships (two), seven carriers (none), 22 heavy
593:
During World War II, destroyers served essentially the three basic functions they had in World War I: to act as screening ships to defend their fleets from those of an enemy, to attack an enemy's screening ships, and to defend their fleet from submarines. However, there was an increased desire to
569:, was assured by Hitler that war would not start until at least 1945. Raeder had wanted the deadline for the completion of Plan Z to be extended to 1948, but Hitler insisted on 1945, although Hitler privately wanted to be at war with the Anglo-French alliance by 1942.
574:
cruisers (four), 61 light cruisers (six), 255 destroyers (34), 135 submarines (57, of which less than half could actually serve in the
Atlantic or the North Sea). Due to the clear advantage her enemies had, Raeder remarked that the
510:
this, such as making them slower and overweight. Although German heavy destroyers matched
British light cruisers in armament, they were much less seaworthy and had far worse facilities for control and use of their guns.
719:), and a top speed of 38.5 knots (71.3 km/h; 44.3 mph). She had a range of 2,239 nautical miles (4,147 km; 2,577 mi), at her cruising speed of 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph).
664:
was armed with a twin 15-centimetre (5.9 in) L/48 gun in a turret forward (200 rounds of ammunition), three single 15 cm (5.9 in) L/48 guns in a gunhouse on her aft (600 rounds), ten
602:
instead. British destroyers were built for escorting fleets, defending them from enemy planes and sinking submarines. German destroyers were built to escort fleets, or act as
436:. She served with the 4th Destroyer Flotilla her entire time under German service, and spent much of her life escorting task forces, patrolling, laying mines, and
2479:
1578:
for scrapping. By August 1950, the shipbreakers had removed the damaged section, and refloated her after-end. The after-end was taken to the breakers yard in
453:, the sixth ship of her name. She was used for extensive machinery trials, before being used to test a 500-kilogram (1,100 lb) charge, which broke her
2523:
828:
3045:
2551:
2537:
2530:
2436:
2417:
2395:
2369:
2347:
2306:
2283:
2239:
2198:
3040:
2261:
896:, which was made up of 19 ships. On 26 December Bey formed a patrol line using his destroyers. After ordering the destroyers back to base,
2558:
2472:
1368:
822:
2883:
2544:
2328:
2220:
1384:
680:. After her modifications, she carried sixteen 2 cm guns and six 3.7 cm guns, and the rest of her armament was unchanged.
816:
2996:
1374:
1357:
1536:, after showing off her auxiliary machinery to British shipbuilders, and removing certain equipment. However, in March 1949
3009:
2465:
1168:
859:
750:
3035:
1216:
665:
383:
586:
The function of the destroyer was defined by its evolution: around the 1870s, nations that could not directly threaten
1503:
was to be commissioned for extensive machinery trials, at the same time as being used as an air target ship under the
733:
aerials were placed around the searchlight platform on her foremast. She had a degaussing coil around her forecastle.
2639:
2570:
1504:
1302:
806:
782:
412:
368:
222:
2515:
964:
759:
534:
1575:
2298:
458:
653:
of 332. She had 15 watertight compartments, and carried 825 tonnes (812 long tons; 909 short tons) of oil.
771:
1511:
was at full complement, and expected to enter service in June of the same year, in order to relieve HMS
1158:
1018:
910:
812:
696:
1563:
was then beached, and after inspection shown to be too damaged to refloat, and so it was decided that
553:. These ships were to form two battle fleets: a "Home Fleet" to tie down the British war fleet in the
2969:
2895:
2854:
2842:
2830:
2818:
2760:
2738:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2689:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
1174:
946:
934:
901:
883:
877:
871:
865:
834:
788:
630:
479:
2452:
1290:
730:
36:
3030:
2990:
2488:
2249:
1542:
1092:
the three destroyers were intercepted by a squadron of
British ships, including the light cruisers
938:
638:
483:
238:
2961:
2405:
1099:
1065:
763:
1266:
2432:
2413:
2391:
2379:
2365:
2343:
2324:
2302:
2279:
2257:
2235:
2216:
2194:
1147:
1061:
847:
708:
692:
684:
650:
526:
437:
432:
in 1941, and completed two years later. Her anti-aircraft armament was modified heavily under
302:
287:
726:
2316:
1513:
1337:
1196:
851:
1460:, to be used as a trial vessel. Her German crew remained on board until 22 September 1946.
1437:
1093:
657:
626:
433:
2208:
1488:
669:
622:
542:
538:
530:
374:
3024:
2271:
1533:
1449:
1425:
1341:
1331:
1212:
893:
704:
700:
642:
603:
595:
587:
346:
320:
206:
98:
1582:
for further inspection, but the fore-end was broken up as it was laid on the beach.
444:
area around Norway from 1943 to 1945, and then serving in the Baltic again in 1945.
2504:
2215:. Vol. 1: Major Surface Warships. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1551:
1281:
990:
673:
634:
570:
562:
521:
was a German naval rearmament plan that started in 1939, and involved building ten
503:
425:
420:
390:
1348:
picked up refugees from Swinemünde, and made way for
Copenhagen. On the same day,
17:
578:
could not hope to win, and thus the only course for them was to "die valiantly".
2875:
2810:
1496:
1421:
1252:
1057:
745:
688:
522:
487:
475:
334:
900:
was located by
British cruisers, who opened fire upon her. During the ensuing
2920:
2357:
1457:
1258:
1089:
1085:
802:
716:
677:
599:
550:
546:
396:
295:
154:
1366:
returned to Swinemünde and transported more refugees to
Copenhagen. On 8 May
1433:
1275:
1038:
994:
855:
646:
618:
554:
429:
415:
245:
225:
1081:
497:
440:. She served in the Baltic briefly in 1943, before being reassigned to the
2321:
Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval
History of World War Two
2387:
1522:
1236:
1211:
bombarded these locations again. At one point during this, while between
798:
712:
291:
2457:
1579:
1492:
1192:
558:
2323:(Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
781:
served as a practice torpedo retrieval boat for the training cruisers
349:(4,247 km; 2,639 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph)
2362:
The Wages of
Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy
1525:
into a reserve fleet, after her trials were finished in mid-October.
1312:
1232:
1124:
518:
491:
457:
and flooded her. She was too damaged to refloat, and instead sold to
441:
377:
1567:
was to be handed over directly to shipbreakers while still beached.
2127:
2125:
1285:. On 4 April her upper deck was damaged in an air raid. On 5 April
1428:, with 20,000 soldiers and civilians, arriving on May 9. On 9 May
1188:
1316:
908:
was sunk by the British fleet, including the British battleship
755:
454:
103:
2461:
2340:
Hitler's Navy: A Reference Guide to the Kriegsmarine 1935–1945
2112:
2110:
2108:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
1912:
1910:
703:) and 450 °C (842 °F)) to two sets of Wagner geared
258:
1444:
was decommissioned. At some point after her decommissioning,
1307:
from the Bay of Danzig to Swinemünde. From 28 April to 4 May
1021:
unit, from around Murmansk to Norway. From 6 to 17 November
1471:, the eleventh of her name, and used for testing purposes.
1227:
became icebound, and were freed by tugs. From 4 to 6 March
1111:
s funnels caught fire, splitting a boiler tube. After this
2410:
Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia
1362:, which had been heavily damaged in an air raid. On 7 May
2191:
Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II
2169:
2167:
2154:
2152:
1743:
1741:
1668:
1666:
2276:
The War for the Seas: A Maritime History of World War II
2095:
2093:
2047:
2045:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1770:
1768:
672:(8,000 rounds), two quadruple 53.3 cm (21 in)
447:
After the war, she was taken by the Royal Navy, renamed
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1115:
broke off from the battle, and made for Kiel alongside
963:, sortied to Bear Island. On 31 July German battleship
854:. On 25 December, a task force, under the command of
2952:
2911:
2866:
2801:
2759:
2700:
2638:
2569:
2514:
2495:
1540:was instead used for ship target trials, replacing
1487:was used for various trials and evaluations in the
707:. These gave the ship a rated power of 70,000
2230:Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2003).
2189:Garzke, William H. & Dulin, Robert O. (1985).
1123:received 200 coastal artillerymen, to be taken to
2278:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
1448:was sailed by a mixed German and British crew to
557:, and a "Raiding Fleet" to wage war upon British
486:of warships that she could possess. During the
482:, which put strict limits both on the size and
2431:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2234:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
2193:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1528:In December of that year, it was decided that
683:Her propulsion system consisted of six Wagner
2473:
1187:, bombarded Soviet 39th Army positions, near
8:
2116:
2072:
2036:
1916:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1822:
1798:
1759:
1261:. On 13 March after returning to Gotenhafen
670:3.7 cm (1.5 in) anti-aircraft guns
598:that had been requisitioned and refitted as
495:
2295:War at Sea: A Naval History of World War II
1940:
1231:bombarded Soviet armour and positions near
617:was 121.9 metres (400 ft) long at the
2511:
2480:
2466:
2458:
1517:as an air target ship. In September 1948
1436:to the commanding officer's house off of
1621:
1475:was originally given the pennant number
645:, and 3,691 long tons (3,750 t) at
389:2 × quadruple 53.3 cm (21 in)
2254:German Warships of the Second World War
2173:
2158:
2143:
2131:
2024:
1786:
1747:
1732:
1720:
1708:
1645:
1633:
1609:
1595:
997:, for exercises. From 21 to 31 October
51:, underway under American control, 1945
2099:
2084:
2051:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1928:
1901:
1834:
1810:
1774:
1696:
1672:
1657:
1499:. In October 1946 it was decided that
1432:arrived at Kiel, after delivering her
1356:rescued the crew of the training ship
1037:covered German forces retreating from
744:was ordered on 19 September 1939; was
461:, on 8 November 1949, to be scrapped.
31:
1684:
641:of 3,083 long tons (3,132 t) at
161:
61:
7:
2412:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2384:World War II At Sea: An Encyclopedia
637:of 4 metres (13 ft). She had a
1163:to Sassnitz. On 18 and 19 February
858:, made up of the German battleship
257:127 m (416 ft 8 in)
2429:German Destroyers of World War Two
633:of 6.6 metres (22 ft), and a
214:General characteristics (as built)
25:
2342:. Annapolis, Maryland: Seaforth.
2232:German Destroyers of World War II
2954:
2913:
2868:
2803:
2497:
2256:. London: Macdonald and Jane's.
1546:. After this decision was made,
1479:, but this was later changed to
1289:became involved in a battle off
1017:, covered the evacuation of the
770:was immediately assigned to the
268:12 m (39 ft 4 in)
237:2,519 long tons (2,559 t) (
163:
63:
35:
2213:German Warships 1815–1945
1550:was disarmed and then towed to
1279:(German army), rather than the
337:(71.3 km/h; 44.3 mph)
276:4 m (13 ft 1 in)
244:3,691 long tons (3,750 t)
2338:Showell, Jak Mallmann (2009).
1235:, before taking refugees from
1088:. On 28 January while off the
815:, alongside German destroyers
729:radar on her bridge, and four
1:
3010:List of destroyers of Germany
2386:. Santa Barbara, California:
1483:. After arriving in England,
1146:escorted the passenger liner
941:. Between 30 June and 1 July
933:formed a patrol line between
629:of 12 metres (39 ft), a
621:and 127 metres (417 ft)
369:15 cm (5.9 in) guns
3046:Destroyers of the Royal Navy
1336:, which had hit a mine near
1157:escorted the German steamer
1153:to Sassnitz. On 22 February
1104:. During the battle, one of
892:, were ordered to intercept
3041:Type 1936A-class destroyers
1452:, and then, on 6 July 1945
1167:, alongside German cruiser
565:, the Grand Admiral of the
3062:
1505:Commander-in-Chief, Rosyth
1463:While in British service,
1239:to Gotenhafen. On 7 March
762:on 5 August 1941, and was
3005:
2985:
2364:. London: Penguin Books.
2134:, pp. 193 & 194.
1576:Arnott Young & Co Ltd
1297:escorted German cruisers
375:3.7 cm (1.5 in)
213:
56:
34:
2117:Koop & Schmolke 2003
2073:Koop & Schmolke 2003
2037:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1917:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1883:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1871:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1859:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1847:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1823:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1799:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1760:Koop & Schmolke 2003
1330:escorted the battleship
1269:. For the rest of March
1195:, on the south coast of
2453:Kriegsmarine destroyers
2427:Whitley, M. J. (1991).
2299:Oxford University Press
2293:Miller, Nathan (1997).
1941:Garzke & Dulin 1985
1849:, pp. 27 & 75.
1251:escorted the steamship
1130:From 16 to 20 February
917:From 30 to 31 May 1944
666:2 cm (0.8 in)
384:2 cm (0.8 in)
2525:Z17 Diether von Roeder
1273:was controlled by the
856:Rear Admiral Erich Bey
772:4th Destroyer Flotilla
687:feeding high-pressure
668:(20,000 rounds), four
496:
459:Arnott Young & Co.
438:bombarding land forces
1019:Mountain Corps Norway
830:Z15 Erich Steinbrinck
474:Following the end of
367:1 × twin, 3 × single
2553:Z21 Wilhelm Heidkamp
2489:Type 1936 destroyers
1521:was scheduled to be
902:Battle of North Cape
480:Treaty of Versailles
3036:Ships built in Kiel
2571:Type 1936A "Narvik"
2039:, pp. 117–118.
1570:On 8 November 1949
1559:filled with water.
1554:. In October 1949,
1044:On 22 January 1945
610:Design and armament
478:Germany signed the
153:Transferred to the
2962:United States Navy
2380:Tucker, Spencer C.
1507:. In January 1947
1311:helped defend the
813:Operation Hermelin
793:. On 24 September
766:on 20 March 1943.
725:was fitted with a
691:steam (at 70
582:Destroyer function
535:pocket battleships
303:water-tube boilers
18:HMS Nonsuch (D107)
3018:
3017:
2797:
2796:
2560:Z22 Anton Schmitt
2539:Z19 Hermann Künne
2532:Z18 Hans Lüdemann
2438:978-1-55750-302-2
2419:978-0-87021-326-7
2397:978-1-59884-457-3
2371:978-0-14-311320-1
2349:978-1-78346-451-7
2308:978-0-19-511038-8
2285:978-0-300-24875-3
2241:978-1-59114-307-9
2200:978-0-87021-101-0
1825:, pp. 42–42.
1636:, pp. 56–57.
1497:Portchester creek
1199:. On 23 February
1179:, and minelayers
1084:, making for the
864:, and destroyers
824:Z14 Friedrich Ihn
527:aircraft carriers
404:
403:
209:, 8 November 1949
89:19 September 1939
16:(Redirected from
3053:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2890:Z20 Karl Galster
2874:
2872:
2871:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2640:Type 1936A "Mob"
2546:Z20 Karl Galster
2512:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2459:
2442:
2423:
2401:
2375:
2353:
2334:
2312:
2289:
2267:
2263:978-0356-04661-7
2245:
2226:
2204:
2177:
2171:
2162:
2156:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2120:
2114:
2103:
2097:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2055:
2049:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1905:
1899:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1711:, pp. 1–12.
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1675:, p. xxvii.
1670:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1338:Greifswalder Oie
1110:
1068:. On 25 January
1056:, laid mines in
989:sailed into the
754:in Yard G628 in
501:
413:Type 1936A (Mob)
223:Type 1936A (Mob)
171:
168:
167:
166:
157:, September 1945
71:
68:
67:
66:
46:
39:
32:
21:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3001:
2981:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2914:
2912:
2907:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2804:
2802:
2793:
2755:
2696:
2634:
2565:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2449:
2439:
2426:
2420:
2404:
2398:
2378:
2372:
2356:
2350:
2337:
2331:
2315:
2309:
2292:
2286:
2270:
2264:
2248:
2242:
2229:
2223:
2207:
2201:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2123:
2115:
2106:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2058:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1908:
1900:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1491:, before being
1438:Flensburg Förde
1315:channel of the
1193:Gross-Heydekrug
1108:
797:travelled from
777:In August 1943
739:
737:Service history
660:modifications,
658:Project Barbara
612:
584:
516:
472:
467:
434:Project Barbara
281:Installed power
197:September, 1948
189:September, 1945
169:
164:
162:
69:
64:
62:
52:
47:s sister ship,
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3059:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2993:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2966:
2964:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2933:
2925:
2923:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2880:
2878:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2815:
2813:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2714:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2644:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2448:
2447:External links
2445:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2424:
2418:
2406:Whitley, M. J.
2402:
2396:
2376:
2370:
2354:
2348:
2335:
2329:
2317:Rohwer, Jürgen
2313:
2307:
2290:
2284:
2272:Mawdsley, Evan
2268:
2262:
2246:
2240:
2227:
2221:
2205:
2199:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2176:, p. 207.
2163:
2161:, p. 194.
2148:
2146:, p. 193.
2136:
2121:
2119:, p. 118.
2104:
2102:, p. 414.
2089:
2087:, p. 395.
2077:
2075:, p. 119.
2056:
2054:, p. 387.
2041:
2029:
2027:, p. 172.
2017:
2015:, p. 388.
2005:
2003:, p. 372.
1993:
1991:, p. 365.
1981:
1979:, p. 345.
1969:
1967:, p. 339.
1957:
1955:, p. 328.
1945:
1943:, p. 170.
1933:
1931:, p. 277.
1921:
1919:, p. 117.
1906:
1904:, p. 293.
1887:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1827:
1815:
1813:, p. 203.
1803:
1791:
1779:
1777:, p. 204.
1764:
1752:
1750:, p. 165.
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1687:, p. 289.
1677:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1614:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1489:Firth of Clyde
1420:set sail from
1291:Oxhöfter Kämpe
1170:Admiral Scheer
1080:sailed out of
842:On 22 October
818:Z5 Paul Jacobi
738:
735:
731:FuMB 4 Sumatra
715:; 69,000
705:steam turbines
611:
608:
583:
580:
545:, sixty-eight
543:light cruisers
539:heavy cruisers
531:battlecruisers
515:
512:
502:(dictator) of
471:
468:
466:
463:
418:built for the
402:
401:
400:
399:
393:
387:
380:
371:
363:
359:
358:
355:
351:
350:
343:
339:
338:
331:
327:
326:
325:
324:
317:
312:
308:
307:
306:
305:
299:
294:; 69,000
282:
278:
277:
274:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
255:
251:
250:
249:
248:
242:
233:
229:
228:
220:
219:Class and type
216:
215:
211:
210:
203:
199:
198:
195:
194:Out of service
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
170:United Kingdom
159:
158:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
129:15 August 1941
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
59:
58:
54:
53:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3058:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3004:
2998:
2995:Followed by:
2994:
2992:
2989:Preceded by:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2951:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2910:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2865:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2800:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2330:1-59114-119-2
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2250:Lenton, H. T.
2247:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2222:0-87021-790-9
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:Gröner, Erich
2206:
2202:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1885:, p. 24.
1884:
1879:
1876:
1873:, p. 33.
1872:
1867:
1864:
1861:, p. 40.
1860:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1837:, p. 75.
1836:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1801:, p. 34.
1800:
1795:
1792:
1789:, p. 75.
1788:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1762:, p. 26.
1761:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1735:, p. 13.
1734:
1729:
1726:
1723:, p. 12.
1722:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1699:, p. 34.
1698:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1660:, p. 33.
1659:
1654:
1651:
1648:, p. 57.
1647:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1622:Mawdsley 2019
1618:
1615:
1612:, p. 56.
1611:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:Wilhelmshaven
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1293:. On 9 April
1292:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1119:. Once there
1118:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
949:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
894:Convoy JW 55A
891:
887:
886:
881:
880:
875:
874:
869:
868:
863:
862:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
837:
832:
831:
826:
825:
820:
819:
814:
810:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:in 1941; was
757:
753:
752:
751:Germaniawerft
747:
743:
736:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
718:
714:
711:(51,000
710:
706:
702:
699:; 7,093
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
674:torpedo tubes
671:
667:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
643:standard load
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
609:
607:
605:
604:torpedo boats
601:
597:
591:
589:
588:Great Britain
581:
579:
577:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
541:, forty-four
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
513:
511:
507:
505:
500:
499:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
469:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
451:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:
417:
414:
410:
409:
398:
394:
392:
391:torpedo tubes
388:
385:
381:
379:
376:
372:
370:
366:
365:
364:
361:
360:
356:
353:
352:
348:
344:
341:
340:
336:
332:
329:
328:
322:
321:steam turbine
318:
315:
314:
313:
310:
309:
304:
300:
297:
293:
290:(51,000
289:
285:
284:
283:
280:
279:
275:
272:
271:
267:
264:
263:
260:
256:
253:
252:
247:
243:
240:
236:
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
212:
208:
204:
201:
200:
196:
193:
192:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
160:
156:
152:
149:
148:
144:
141:
140:
137:20 March 1943
136:
133:
132:
128:
125:
124:
121:15 April 1940
120:
117:
116:
112:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
99:Germaniawerft
96:
93:
92:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
60:
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2975:
2970:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2901:
2896:
2889:
2884:
2855:
2848:
2843:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2710:
2690:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2506:Kriegsmarine
2505:
2428:
2409:
2383:
2361:
2339:
2320:
2297:. New York:
2294:
2275:
2253:
2231:
2212:
2190:
2174:Whitley 1991
2159:Whitley 1991
2144:Whitley 1991
2139:
2132:Whitley 1991
2080:
2032:
2025:Whitley 1991
2020:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1878:
1866:
1854:
1842:
1830:
1818:
1806:
1794:
1787:Whitley 1991
1782:
1755:
1748:Showell 2009
1733:Whitley 1988
1728:
1721:Whitley 1988
1716:
1709:Whitley 1988
1704:
1692:
1680:
1653:
1646:Whitley 1988
1641:
1634:Whitley 1988
1629:
1624:, p. 8.
1617:
1610:Whitley 1988
1574:was sold to
1571:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1552:Loch Striven
1547:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:was renamed
1464:
1462:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:Kriegsmarine
1280:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:, destroyer
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:Arctic Ocean
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
960:
956:
952:
947:
942:
930:
926:
922:
918:
916:
911:Duke of York
909:
905:
897:
889:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
843:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
807:
805:, to escort
794:
789:
783:
778:
776:
767:
764:commissioned
749:
741:
740:
722:
721:
695:(1,029
682:
661:
655:
649:. She had a
639:displacement
623:long overall
614:
613:
592:
585:
576:Kriegsmarine
575:
571:World War II
567:Kriegsmarine
566:
563:Erich Raeder
517:
508:
504:Nazi Germany
484:displacement
473:
449:
448:
446:
426:World War II
421:Kriegsmarine
419:
407:
406:
405:
382:10 × single
286:70,000
232:Displacement
179:
97:
79:
70:Nazi Germany
48:
41:
29:
2876:Soviet Navy
2859:(ex-DD-939)
2811:French Navy
2358:Tooze, Adam
2100:Rohwer 2005
2085:Rohwer 2005
2052:Rohwer 2005
2013:Rohwer 2005
2001:Rohwer 2005
1989:Rohwer 2005
1977:Rohwer 2005
1965:Rohwer 2005
1953:Rohwer 2005
1929:Rohwer 2005
1902:Rohwer 2005
1835:Lenton 1975
1811:Gröner 1990
1775:Gröner 1990
1697:Miller 1997
1673:Tucker 2011
1658:Miller 1997
1456:sailed for
1440:. On 8 May
1344:. On 4 May
1304:Prinz Eugen
1217:Fischhausen
1160:Deutschland
1066:Brei Sounds
935:Bear Island
906:Scharnhorst
898:Scharnhorst
861:Scharnhorst
689:superheated
656:Before her
523:battleships
488:Interbellum
476:World War I
470:Interbellum
345:2,293
319:2 × geared
110:Yard number
3031:1943 ships
3025:Categories
2997:Type 1938A
2921:Royal Navy
2761:Type 1936C
2702:Type 1936B
1685:Tooze 2008
1586:References
1458:Portsmouth
1426:Glücksburg
1342:Swinemünde
1267:Großendorf
1265:bombarded
1259:Copenhagen
1213:Königsberg
1125:Gotenhafen
1090:Sognefjord
939:North Cape
848:Swinemünde
803:Trelleborg
651:complement
600:minelayers
551:submarines
549:, and 249
547:destroyers
465:Background
428:. She was
354:Complement
316:2 × shafts
311:Propulsion
155:Royal Navy
2991:Type 1934
2897:Provorniy
2516:Type 1936
1591:Citations
1543:Kimberley
1532:would be
1434:War Diary
1333:Schlesien
1322:On 3 May
1276:Wehrmacht
1101:Mauritius
1039:Tanafjord
995:Altafjord
746:laid down
676:, and 60
647:full load
631:freeboard
619:waterline
555:North Sea
529:, twelve
430:laid down
416:destroyer
373:2 × twin
246:deep load
226:destroyer
205:Sold for
134:Completed
118:Laid down
27:Destroyer
2408:(1988).
2388:ABC-CLIO
2382:(2011).
2360:(2008).
2319:(2005).
2274:(2019).
2252:(1975).
2211:(1990).
1534:scrapped
1523:paid off
1313:Dievenow
1254:Pretoria
1148:SS
1062:Laafjord
1058:Magerøya
937:and the
852:Kaafjord
799:Sassnitz
784:Nürnberg
760:launched
625:, had a
596:trawlers
533:, three
362:Armament
239:standard
186:Acquired
145:May 1945
142:Captured
126:Launched
2938:Nonsuch
2885:Prochny
2844:Marceau
2820:Léopard
2390:, LLC.
1580:Dalmuir
1495:in the
1493:laid up
1469:Nonsuch
1319:river.
1197:Samland
1150:Hamburg
966:Tirpitz
811:during
727:FuMO 21
685:boilers
559:convoys
537:, five
525:, four
450:Nonsuch
424:during
386:AA guns
378:AA guns
180:Nonsuch
94:Builder
86:Ordered
57:History
2971:DD-939
2959:
2918:
2873:
2808:
2502:
2435:
2416:
2394:
2368:
2346:
2327:
2305:
2282:
2260:
2238:
2219:
2197:
1514:Fernie
1416:, and
1359:Hektor
1299:Lützow
1247:, and
1237:Pillau
1233:Wollin
1207:, and
1142:, and
1098:, and
1095:Diadem
1086:Baltic
1082:Tromsø
1076:, and
1064:, and
1033:, and
1013:, and
985:, and
959:, and
929:, and
888:, and
833:, and
808:Lützow
519:Plan Z
514:Plan Z
498:Führer
494:, the
492:Hitler
442:Arctic
411:was a
254:Length
2856:Q-128
2832:Hoche
2183:Books
1340:, to
1189:Peyse
1109:'
993:from
846:left
790:Emden
678:mines
635:draft
397:mines
342:Range
335:knots
333:38.5
330:Speed
273:Draft
207:scrap
45:'
2974:(ex-
2941:(ex-
2936:HMS
2928:(ex-
2900:(ex-
2888:(ex-
2847:(ex-
2835:(ex-
2823:(ex-
2433:ISBN
2414:ISBN
2392:ISBN
2366:ISBN
2344:ISBN
2325:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2280:ISBN
2258:ISBN
2236:ISBN
2217:ISBN
2195:ISBN
1481:D107
1422:Hela
1352:and
1326:and
1317:Oder
1301:and
1223:and
1215:and
1191:and
1183:and
1052:and
850:for
787:and
756:Kiel
627:beam
455:keel
323:sets
301:6 ×
265:Beam
202:Fate
176:Name
150:Fate
113:G628
104:Kiel
76:Name
2976:Z39
2943:Z38
2930:Z30
2902:Z33
2849:Z31
2837:Z25
2825:Z23
2789:Z50
2784:Z49
2779:Z48
2774:Z47
2769:Z46
2751:Z45
2746:Z44
2740:Z43
2734:Z42
2729:Z41
2724:Z40
2718:Z36
2711:Z35
2691:Z39
2684:Z38
2677:Z37
2670:Z34
2663:Z33
2656:Z32
2649:Z31
2629:Z30
2622:Z29
2615:Z28
2608:Z27
2601:Z26
2594:Z25
2587:Z24
2580:Z23
1572:Z38
1565:Z38
1561:Z38
1556:Z38
1548:Z38
1538:Z38
1530:Z38
1519:Z38
1509:Z38
1501:Z38
1485:Z38
1477:R40
1473:Z38
1465:Z38
1454:Z38
1446:Z38
1442:Z38
1430:Z38
1424:to
1418:T33
1414:T28
1410:T23
1406:T19
1402:T17
1398:Z39
1394:Z38
1390:Z25
1385:Z20
1380:Z14
1378:,
1375:Z10
1364:Z38
1354:T33
1350:Z38
1346:Z38
1328:Z39
1324:Z38
1309:Z38
1295:Z38
1287:Z38
1271:Z38
1263:Z38
1257:to
1249:T28
1245:Z38
1241:Z35
1229:Z38
1221:Z38
1209:T28
1205:Z43
1201:Z38
1185:T35
1181:T28
1176:Z43
1165:Z38
1155:Z38
1136:Z38
1132:Z34
1121:Z38
1117:Z34
1113:Z38
1106:Z38
1078:Z38
1074:Z34
1070:Z31
1054:Z38
1050:Z34
1046:Z31
1035:Z38
1031:Z34
1027:Z33
1023:Z31
1015:Z38
1011:Z34
1007:Z33
1003:Z31
999:Z29
987:Z38
983:Z34
979:Z33
975:Z31
971:Z29
961:Z38
957:Z34
953:Z33
948:Z31
943:Z29
931:Z38
927:Z34
923:Z33
919:Z29
890:Z38
885:Z34
879:Z33
873:Z30
867:Z29
844:Z38
836:Z27
801:to
795:Z38
779:Z38
768:Z38
748:by
742:Z38
723:Z38
717:shp
701:kPa
697:psi
693:atm
662:Z38
615:Z38
408:Z38
395:60
357:332
347:nmi
296:shp
259:o/a
80:Z38
49:Z39
42:Z38
3027::
2301:.
2166:^
2151:^
2124:^
2107:^
2092:^
2059:^
2044:^
1909:^
1890:^
1767:^
1740:^
1665:^
1598:^
1412:,
1408:,
1404:,
1400:,
1396:,
1392:,
1388:,
1382:,
1372:,
1369:Z6
1243:,
1225:T8
1219:,
1203:,
1144:T6
1140:T5
1138:,
1134:,
1127:.
1072:,
1060:,
1048:,
1041:.
1029:,
1025:,
1009:,
1005:,
1001:,
981:,
977:,
973:,
969:,
955:,
951:,
945:,
925:,
921:,
914:.
904:,
882:,
876:,
870:,
839:.
827:,
821:,
774:.
713:kW
709:PS
561:.
292:kW
288:PS
102:,
2978:)
2945:)
2932:)
2904:)
2892:)
2851:)
2839:)
2827:)
2481:e
2474:t
2467:v
2441:.
2422:.
2400:.
2374:.
2352:.
2333:.
2311:.
2288:.
2266:.
2244:.
2225:.
2203:.
298:)
241:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
