359:(General Purpose Registers), named A, B, C and D. In addition, there are also five 64-bit "scratch" registers named R0, R1, R2, R3 and R4. These can only store data. If an ALU operation is required for data in a scratch register, then the register in question must be transferred to a GPR first. Other registers include a 1-nibble "pointer" register named P, usually used to select a nibble in a GPR or a range of nibbles (or for aligning immediate data on a specific nibble in a GPR, with wrap-around). For memory access, there are two 20-bit data pointer registers named D0 and D1. The Saturn architecture also has a PC or
637:** In the following A.W is assumed to contain the argument (< 1E14). ** The result (IP(SQRT(A.W))) is in C.W: SETDEC ASL W C=A W A=A+A W A=A+A W A=A+C W ASR W C=0 W P= 13 LC(1) 5 - CSR WP C=C-1 P -- C=C+1 P A=A-C W GONC -- A=A+C W CSR W P=P-1 P=P-1 GONC - SETHEX A=C W
47:
375:
563:
significant nibble of a GPR), XS (exponent sign, nibble 2 of a GPR), M (mantissa, nibbles 3–14 of a GPR), X (exponent, first 3 nibbles of a GPR) and B (first byte of a GPR). In addition, there is the P field which selects a nibble from a GPR based on the P register's 4-bit value. Also, there is the WP field which selects nibbles 0 through the nibble selected in the P register. The 64 bits (16 nibbles) can hold BCD-formatted coded
364:
register named HS, which notably, contains the SB or "sticky bit" flag indicating whether a binary 1 was right shifted off of a GPR. Furthermore, the Saturn architecture has a 12-bit OUT register and a 16-bit IN register, which in the Yorke and Clarke SoCs, are used to capture input from the keyboard and also control the beeper. There is also a 1-bit carry flag register.
367:
In addition to the above, the Saturn CPU has a simple, non-prioritized interrupt system. When an interrupt occurs, the CPU finishes executing the current instruction, saves the program counter to the hardware return stack (RSTK) and jumps to address 0x0000Fh, where the preceding value is in nibbles.
562:
Data in the general purpose registers can be accessed via fields that fall on nibble boundaries, whereas the scratch registers allow only load and store operations. The fields, as shown in the above diagram, are W (whole 64-bit GPR), A (address, first 5 nibbles of a GPR), S (sign of mantissa, most
363:
register which can interoperate with the GPRs. There is also an 8-level, circular, LIFO 20-bit hardware return stack named RSTK used when a subroutine call instruction is issued. Additionally, the Saturn CPU is equipped with a 16-bit software status register named ST and a 1-nibble hardware status
1015:
and back. The virtual CPU / emulator code names were inspired by the prototype "New-Yorke" Saturn-based 8 MHz SoC that never made it to production. According to one of the ACO (Australian
Calculator Operation) members, "Big Apple" was derived from the code name "New-Yorke" of the prototype
351:
The Saturn architecture has an internal register width of 64 bits and 20-bits of address, with memory being addressed to 4-bit (nibble) granularity. Saturn ALU instructions support variable data width, operating on one to 16 nibbles of a word. The original Saturn CPU chips provided a four-bit
579:
format (±499). The internal representation of BCD floating point values are a 15-digit mantissa with one sign nibble in one register combined with a 20-bit exponent, in 10's complement format, in another register. The use of BCD instead of straight binary representation is advantageous for
1725:
1654:
340:. Internally, the Saturn CPU has four 4-bit data buses that allow for nearly 1-cycle per nibble performance with one or two buses acting as a source and one or two acting as a destination. The smallest addressable
348:(BCD) digit. Any unit of data in the registers larger than a nibble, up to 64-bits, can be operated on as a whole, however the Saturn CPU performs the operation serially on a nibble-by-nibble basis internally.
614:
The original HP-71B handheld computer and the HP-28C had the Saturn processor as a separate chip. In the HP 48S/SX, 48G/GX series and HP-28S, HP-27S, HP-42S, HP-32SII and HP-20S, the
320:. The HP 50g was the last calculator sold by HP using this emulator when it was discontinued in 2015 due to Samsung stopping production of the ARM processor on which it was based.
269:
family of processors used in earlier calculators. The HP48SX and HP48S were the last models to use HP manufactured Saturn processors, later models used processors manufactured by
304:
were the last calculators introduced based on the actual NEC fabricated Saturn hardware. The last calculators introduced to use the Saturn emulator were the
852:
1379:
1787:
930:
8 MHz, LCD controller, memory controller, UART and IR control. This was only made as an internal HP prototype and never released in the wild.
1151:
1121:
1542:
352:
external data bus, but later Saturn-based SoCs included on chip bus conversion to an 8-bit external data bus and 19-bit external address bus.
1806:
1497:
277:
initially used the Saturn CPU until the NEC fab could no longer manufacture the processor for technical reasons in 2003. Starting with the
1697:
1090:
1597:
371:
The following diagram depicts the registers (with each white square being 4-bits / a nibble except for the Carry flag, which is 1 bit):
1232:
1707:
1640:
1583:
116:
2482:
1935:
1930:
634:
The following is an integer implementation of a BCD decimal square root algorithm in Saturn Jazz / HP Tools assembly syntax:
592:
1016:
8 MHz Saturn-based SoC in a reference to New York city, hence the names "Big apple", "Mid Apple" and "Little Apple".
1780:
1065:
655:
646:
341:
1737:
112:
2472:
1345:
2420:
2415:
1008:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1217:
1025:
134:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1460:
374:
204:
199:
Nine 64-bit GPR and "scratch" registers, two 20-bit "data pointer" registers and other miscellaneous registers
2477:
2435:
2425:
2410:
1773:
337:
166:
2357:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
2430:
2389:
2092:
824:
2394:
2379:
2203:
2198:
1431:
1401:
1367:
1259:
2384:
2087:
2082:
1609:
1533:. Translated by Cannon, Douglas R. (2nd ed.). Corvallis, Oregon, USA: Grapevine Publications, Inc.
564:
98:
1143:
1113:
345:
619:
568:
356:
192:
31:
1098:
2372:
2367:
2362:
1703:
1646:
1636:
1589:
1579:
1534:
1489:
1464:
259:
handheld computer, released in 1984, and later for various HP calculators (starting with the
2251:
2067:
1371:
1298:
1210:
Fernandes, Gilbert Henri (2005-07-16) . "Chapter 56.1 Real number". In
Rechlin, Eric (ed.).
757:
623:
265:
185:
52:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2193:
2188:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2451:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1749:
1197:
HP-41C CPU, Display Driver, HP-IL, Data
Storage, Timer IC, and Interface IC Specifications
986:
585:
581:
360:
285:
252:
240:
124:
67:
1180:
903:
3.68–4 MHz, LCD controller, memory controller, UART and IR control, manufactured by
1796:
608:
596:
248:
214:
46:
2466:
1375:
1012:
296:
architecture) which ran an emulator of the Saturn hardware in software. In 2000, the
55:
which contains the embedded Saturn microprocessor manufactured by HP for use in the
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1824:
1819:
1765:
1693:
1626:
1569:
1524:
1479:
274:
591:
The Saturn CPU's instruction and data addresses are also nibble-based. The three
1987:
1962:
572:
599:
registers are 20 bits wide. Due to this, the Saturn architecture can address 1
1914:
1229:
If the exponent is negative, the exponent is encoded as "1000 - ABS(exponent)"
144:
77:
Hybrid 64-bit GPR, 20-bit address bus, 4-bit datapath, 4-bit minimum word size
1493:
1731:
1650:
1593:
1538:
1713:
1630:
1573:
1528:
1483:
1341:
982:
Virtual version of the Yorke CPU emulated by members of the 48/75 MHz
968:
956:
893:
873:
769:
278:
2316:
2311:
2077:
2072:
2057:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1909:
972:
805:
797:
773:
576:
317:
244:
1488:(in French) (2 ed.). Paris, France: Editions de la Règle à Calcul.
1185:. Hewlett Packard Corporation. September 1984. p. 3-1. 00071-90071.
17:
990:
983:
964:
960:
924:
885:
841:
309:
305:
289:
282:
56:
2306:
2301:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2148:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2062:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
1992:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1829:
1760:
1211:
1048:
994:
976:
897:
889:
881:
877:
869:
845:
817:
813:
809:
801:
793:
765:
761:
738:
734:
730:
711:
707:
703:
684:
680:
329:
313:
301:
297:
293:
260:
256:
1635:. 3.05 (in French) (3rd ed.). Paris, France: Editions Angkor.
1578:. 3.02 (in French) (3rd ed.). Paris, France: Editions Angkor.
2352:
2296:
2291:
2183:
2178:
2153:
2143:
2052:
2047:
1982:
1977:
1814:
604:
600:
368:
The CPU also interacts with the keyboard scanning logic directly.
1011:
of 1804–1806, the first United States overland expedition to the
1530:
HP48 Machine
Language - A Journey to the Center of the HP 48s/sx
224:
1769:
1052:
904:
270:
1730:
Fernandes, Gilbert Henri (2005-07-16) . Rechlin, Eric (ed.).
373:
1144:"Windows 10 won't allow HP 50g USB drivers to be installed"
823:
1 MHz, 64 KB ROM, LCD driver, memory controller,
30:"Saturn+" redirects here. For the video game magazine, see
1064:
In the emulated / virtual "Apple" series Saturn CPUs, the
1461:"Guide to the Saturn Processor (With HP48 Applications)"
779:
640 kHz, 16 KB ROM, 512 bytes RAM, LCD driver
743:
640 kHz, 10 KB ROM, 256 bytes RAM, LCD driver
575:
digits and a 3-digit 10's complement exponent stored in
1199:. Hewlett Packard Corporation. July 1981. p. 5.
645:
The original Saturn CPU gave its name to the entire
571:
nibble (which is "9" if the number is negative), 12
2444:
2403:
2345:
2212:
2101:
1923:
1805:
1761:
Summary information in the Museum of HP Calculators
1425:
1423:
1421:
223:
213:
203:
191:
181:
173:
161:
153:
143:
133:
123:
107:
97:
89:
81:
73:
63:
1216:(3rd ed.). hpcalc.org. p. 104. ID 1693.
1007:The CPU code-names are inspired by members of the
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
618:CPU core is integrated as part of a more complex
139:Carry bit, "sticky" bit and other flag registers
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
851:2 MHz, LCD controller, memory controller,
51:Photo of the exposed die of the HP 1LT8 Clarke
595:registers (including the program counter) and
382:Saturn 64-bit GPR register format and fields:
1781:
1702:(in French). Paris, France: Editions Angkor.
1182:HP-71B Hardware Internal Design Specification
907:, more instructions, sometimes also known as
316:in 2006, as well as the 2007 revision of the
281:model in 2003, the calculators switched to a
8:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
607:bytes. Beyond that size (e.g. in the 48GX),
39:
1142:Wessman, Timothy "Tim" James (2015-12-26).
1788:
1774:
1766:
1068:is "2" but with virtual opcode extensions.
45:
1043:
1041:
115:with some exceptions which fall into the
1733:Introduction to Saturn Assembly Language
1213:Introduction to Saturn Assembly Language
1055:Japan, D3004GD, 00048-80063, 9738PX002".
651:
649:. Later chips had their own code names:
384:
355:The Saturn architecture has four 64-bit
27:Family of 4-bit datapath microprocessors
1081:
1037:
1699:Le compagnon de Voyage de la HP48 G/GX
1696:; de Brébisson, Cyrille (March 1994).
38:
1736:(3rd ed.). hpcalc.org. ID 1693.
1001:with additional virtual instructions
344:is a 4-bit nibble which can hold one
7:
1572:; Lalande, SĂ©bastien (2006-06-25) .
1527:; Lalande, SĂ©bastien (2006-06-25) .
1482:; Lalande, SĂ©bastien (2006-06-27) .
1430:de Brébisson, Cyrille (2020-06-16).
1400:de Brébisson, Cyrille (2020-06-17).
1051:, the Saturn processor is labelled "
855:and IR control, more instructions
25:
1798:Hewlett-Packard (HP) calculators
1632:Voyage au centre de la HP48 g/gx
1575:Voyage au centre de la HP48 s/sx
1340:Finseth, Craig A. (2016-12-23).
1258:Donnini, Giuseppe (2020-06-26).
716:640 kHz, more instructions
332:serial design as opposed to its
1740:from the original on 2016-08-06
1657:from the original on 2016-08-06
1600:from the original on 2018-11-13
1545:from the original on 2018-11-14
1500:from the original on 2016-08-06
1382:from the original on 2019-04-29
1348:from the original on 2017-12-21
1220:from the original on 2018-11-13
1154:from the original on 2018-07-08
1124:from the original on 2018-07-08
1485:Voyage au centre de la HP28c/s
603:nibbles or, equivalently, 512
1:
1305:. Hewlett Packard. 1993-08-20
1299:"The Saturn assembler manual"
1112:Kuperus, Klaas (2015-03-06).
1089:Kuperus, Klaas (2015-03-04).
165:Only extensions for emulated
1459:Mastracci, Matthew (1998) .
937:
918:
862:
834:
786:
750:
723:
696:
673:
647:instruction set architecture
548:
537:
530:
517:
509:
495:
117:register–memory architecture
2102:Scientific non-programmable
1366:Arnett, Dave (1994-05-03).
584:problems that occur on the
255:in the 1980s first for the
2499:
1179:"3.1 Processor Overview".
1114:"HP 50g not so good news?"
1009:Lewis and Clark Expedition
541:
533:
523:
510:
499:
386:HP Saturn register fields
157:No MMU or paging available
29:
1097:. Moravia. Archived from
1026:Digit-serial architecture
663:Used in calculator models
641:Chipsets and applications
586:binary/decimal conversion
580:calculators as it avoids
555:
552:
526:
513:
505:
496:
443:
390:
328:The Saturn hardware is a
198:
44:
1432:"RE: "New-Yorke" ?"
1402:"RE: "New-Yorke" ?"
1924:Scientific programmable
1091:"HP 50g: End of an era"
827:control, 3 V CMOS
336:predecessor, which was
113:load–store architecture
2213:Financial and business
1463:. 1.0b. Archived from
989:processor family with
565:floating point numbers
379:
2483:4-bit microprocessors
377:
169:-based "virtual" CPUs
1260:""New-Yorke" ?"
346:binary-coded decimal
263:). It succeeded the
1066:ISA level / version
975: (2003/2007),
660:Processor code-name
387:
378:HP Saturn registers
229:No vector registers
41:
2473:HP microprocessors
2445:Emulation software
997:architecture) aka
620:integrated circuit
385:
380:
292:core (part of the
288:processor with an
32:Paragon Publishing
2460:
2459:
1368:"Name that chip!"
1095:forum.hp-prime.de
1005:
1004:
560:
559:
251:was developed by
233:
232:
111:Combination of a
16:(Redirected from
2490:
1799:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1712:. Archived from
1665:
1663:
1662:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1436:www.hpmuseum.org
1427:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1406:www.hpmuseum.org
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1337:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1295:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1264:www.hpmuseum.org
1255:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1176:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1086:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1045:
652:
439: 3–0
388:
219:No FPU registers
209:Four 64-bit GPRs
49:
42:
21:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2440:
2399:
2341:
2208:
2097:
1919:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1757:
1743:
1741:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1710:
1692:
1660:
1658:
1643:
1629:(2006-06-25) .
1625:
1603:
1601:
1586:
1568:
1548:
1546:
1523:
1503:
1501:
1478:
1470:
1468:
1458:
1455:
1453:Further reading
1450:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1385:
1383:
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1360:
1351:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1297:
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1277:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1237:
1223:
1221:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1022:
643:
638:
632:
436: 7–4
361:program counter
326:
253:Hewlett-Packard
249:microprocessors
205:General-purpose
68:Hewlett-Packard
59:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2496:
2494:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2478:Stack machines
2475:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2404:Related topics
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
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2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
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2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
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1920:
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1811:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1755:External links
1753:
1752:
1751:
1727:
1708:
1690:
1641:
1623:
1584:
1566:
1521:
1476:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1417:
1392:
1358:
1315:
1303:www.hpcalc.org
1275:
1235:
1202:
1188:
1164:
1134:
1104:
1101:on 2015-04-02.
1080:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1057:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1003:
1002:
980:
971: (2003),
967: (2006),
963: (2006),
959: (2003),
954:
936:
932:
931:
928:
922:
917:
913:
912:
901:
896: (1998),
892: (1993),
888: (1993),
884: (2000),
880: (2000),
876: (1998),
872: (1995),
867:
861:
857:
856:
849:
844: (1990),
839:
833:
829:
828:
821:
816: (1988),
812: (1988),
808: (1990),
804: (1988),
800: (1990),
796: (1988),
791:
785:
781:
780:
777:
768: (1988),
755:
749:
745:
744:
741:
737: (1988),
733: (1988),
728:
722:
718:
717:
714:
710: (1987),
706: (1986),
701:
695:
691:
690:
688:
678:
672:
668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
642:
639:
636:
631:
628:
609:bank switching
567:composed of a
558:
557:
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547:
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325:
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215:Floating point
211:
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26:
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2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
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2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2094:
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2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
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2069:
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2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1952:
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1932:
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1908:
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1898:
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1810:
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1804:
1800:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1772:
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1768:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1716:on 2016-08-06
1715:
1711:
1709:2-87892-007-4
1705:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1694:Courbis, Paul
1691:
1689:
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1644:
1642:2-87892-006-6
1638:
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1633:
1628:
1627:Courbis, Paul
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1585:2-87892-003-1
1581:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1570:Courbis, Paul
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1525:Courbis, Paul
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1480:Courbis, Paul
1477:
1467:on 2016-08-06
1466:
1462:
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1456:
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1437:
1433:
1426:
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1422:
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1407:
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1377:
1376:comp.sys.hp48
1373:
1369:
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1359:
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1198:
1192:
1189:
1184:
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1175:
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1149:
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1138:
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1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
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1096:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1075:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:Pacific coast
1010:
1000:
996:
993:core (of the
992:
988:
985:
981:
979: (2006)
978:
974:
973:hp 48gII
970:
966:
962:
958:
955:
952:
948:
944:
940:
934:
933:
929:
926:
923:
921:
915:
914:
910:
909:Saturn 5
906:
902:
900: (1999)
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
868:
865:
859:
858:
854:
850:
848: (1991)
847:
843:
840:
837:
831:
830:
826:
822:
820: (1988)
819:
815:
811:
807:
806:HP 19BII
803:
799:
798:HP 17BII
795:
792:
789:
783:
782:
778:
776: (1991)
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
756:
753:
747:
746:
742:
740:
736:
732:
729:
726:
720:
719:
715:
713:
709:
705:
702:
699:
693:
692:
689:
687: (1984)
686:
682:
679:
676:
670:
669:
665:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
650:
648:
640:
635:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
549:
544:
538:
531:
520:
518:
502:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
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473:
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467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
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438:
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429:
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411:
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389:
383:
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372:
369:
365:
362:
358:
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
323:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
228:
226:
222:
218:
216:
212:
208:
206:
202:
197:
194:
190:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:Little-endian
148:
146:
142:
138:
136:
132:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
1742:. Retrieved
1732:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:the original
1698:
1659:. Retrieved
1631:
1602:. Retrieved
1574:
1547:. Retrieved
1529:
1502:. Retrieved
1484:
1469:. Retrieved
1465:the original
1439:. Retrieved
1435:
1409:. Retrieved
1405:
1395:
1384:. Retrieved
1361:
1350:. Retrieved
1307:. Retrieved
1302:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:
1228:
1222:. Retrieved
1212:
1205:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1156:. Retrieved
1147:
1137:
1126:. Retrieved
1117:
1107:
1099:the original
1094:
1084:
1060:
1006:
998:
969:hp 49g+
965:HP 40gs
961:HP 39gs
957:hp 39g+
951:Little Apple
950:
946:
942:
938:
925:HP 48GX
919:
908:
894:HP 48G+
886:HP 48GX
874:HP 38G+
866:00048-80063
863:
842:HP 48SX
835:
787:
751:
724:
697:
674:
644:
633:
630:Example code
615:
613:
590:
561:
381:
370:
366:
354:
350:
333:
327:
324:Architecture
275:HP 49 series
264:
236:
234:
57:HP 48SX
36:
1120:. Moravia.
1049:HP 48G
977:HP 50g
898:HP 49G
890:HP 48G
882:HP 40G
878:HP 39G
870:HP 38G
846:HP 48S
666:Properties
182:Predecessor
177:Proprietary
2467:Categories
2390:OfficeCalc
1744:2009-02-17
1720:2015-09-06
1661:2015-09-06
1604:2015-09-06
1549:2015-09-06
1504:2015-09-06
1471:2006-05-03
1441:2020-06-18
1411:2020-06-18
1386:2019-04-22
1352:2017-12-21
1309:2020-07-06
1269:2020-07-06
1224:2019-04-29
1158:2016-01-01
1128:2016-01-01
1076:References
927:prototype
433:11–8
338:bit-serial
239:family of
162:Extensions
145:Endianness
82:Introduced
2395:PrintCalc
2380:QuickCalc
1494:636072913
1372:Newsgroup
1148:HP Museum
1118:HP Museum
947:Mid Apple
943:Big Apple
920:New-Yorke
911:platform
752:Sacajawea
656:ISA level
611:is used.
193:Registers
154:Page size
135:Branching
93:"Level 2"
2385:EasyCalc
2245:Prestige
2240:Platinum
2114:6s Solar
1807:Graphing
1738:Archived
1655:Archived
1651:29640044
1598:Archived
1594:29640044
1543:Archived
1539:34148948
1498:Archived
1380:Archived
1346:Archived
1218:Archived
1152:Archived
1122:Archived
1020:See also
941:series (
774:HP-32SII
582:rounding
573:mantissa
318:hp 48gII
245:datapath
129:Variable
125:Encoding
64:Designer
18:HP Yorke
2363:CalcPad
1915:Xpander
1374::
1342:"names"
1047:In the
999:Saturn+
991:ARM920T
987:S3C2410
984:Samsung
838:(1LT8)
790:(1LR2)
770:HP-32S+
754:(1LR3)
727:(1LU7)
700:(1LK7)
677:(1LF2)
597:address
593:pointer
497:Fields
310:HP 40gs
306:HP 39gs
290:ARM920T
286:S3C2410
283:Samsung
279:HP 49g+
90:Version
2267:17bII+
2230:10bII+
1706:
1649:
1639:
1592:
1582:
1537:
1492:
995:ARMv4T
836:Clarke
818:HP-42S
814:HP-28S
810:HP-27S
802:HP-19B
794:HP-17B
766:HP-32S
762:HP-22S
758:HP-14B
739:HP-21S
735:HP-20S
731:HP-10B
712:HP-71B
708:HP-28C
704:HP-18C
698:Saturn
685:HP-71B
681:HP-44A
675:Saturn
616:Saturn
553:
542:
511:
500:
444:Nibble
330:nibble
314:HP 50g
302:HP 40G
298:HP 39G
294:ARMv4T
273:. The
261:HP-18C
257:HP-71B
237:Saturn
225:Vector
119:family
99:Design
40:Saturn
2426:FOCAL
2346:Other
2282:19BII
2262:17BII
2225:10bII
2204:300s+
2139:10sII
2088:9100B
2083:9100A
1998:32SII
1910:Prime
1890:48gII
1850:39gII
1032:Notes
939:Apple
864:Yorke
788:Lewis
622:(IC)
430:15–12
427:19–16
424:23–20
421:27–24
418:31–28
415:35–32
412:39–36
409:43–40
406:47–44
403:51–48
400:55–52
397:59–56
394:63–60
241:4-bit
2199:300s
2134:10s+
2093:9805
2038:41CX
2033:41CV
1900:49g+
1885:48GX
1880:48G+
1870:48SX
1860:40gs
1845:39gs
1840:39g+
1704:ISBN
1647:OCLC
1637:ISBN
1590:OCLC
1580:ISBN
1535:OCLC
1490:OCLC
853:UART
725:Bert
569:sign
550:P=7
539:P=0
391:Bits
357:GPRs
342:word
312:and
300:and
235:The
174:Open
108:Type
103:CISC
85:1984
74:Bits
2452:16C
2436:CAS
2431:ALG
2421:PPL
2416:RPL
2411:RPN
2373:200
2368:100
2317:38E
2312:38C
2307:37E
2302:30b
2287:20b
2277:19B
2272:18C
2257:17B
2252:14B
2235:12C
2220:10B
2174:32E
2169:31E
2164:30s
2159:27S
2149:22S
2129:10s
2078:97S
2068:95C
2063:71B
2043:42S
2028:41C
2023:35s
2018:34C
2013:33s
2008:33E
2003:33C
1993:32S
1988:29C
1983:25C
1973:21S
1968:20S
1963:19C
1958:16C
1941:15C
1936:11C
1931:10C
1905:50g
1895:49G
1875:48G
1865:48S
1855:40G
1835:39G
1830:38G
1825:28S
1820:28C
1053:NEC
905:NEC
624:SoC
577:BCD
556:WP
334:Nut
271:NEC
266:Nut
186:Nut
167:ARM
53:SoC
2469::
2358:10
2353:01
2337:92
2332:81
2327:80
2322:70
2297:27
2292:22
2194:91
2189:46
2184:45
2179:35
2154:27
2144:21
2124:9s
2119:8s
2109:6s
2073:97
2058:67
2053:65
2048:55
1978:25
1951:CE
1946:LE
1815:9g
1653:.
1645:.
1596:.
1588:.
1541:.
1496:.
1434:.
1420:^
1404:.
1378:.
1370:.
1344:.
1318:^
1301:.
1278:^
1262:.
1238:^
1227:.
1167:^
1150:.
1146:.
1116:.
1093:.
1040:^
953:)
949:,
945:,
935:2
916:?
860:2
832:2
825:IR
784:2
772:,
764:,
760:,
748:2
721:2
694:1
683:,
671:0
626:.
588:.
545:P
534:W
527:X
514:A
506:B
503:XS
492:0
308:,
247:)
1789:e
1782:t
1775:v
1747:.
1723:.
1664:.
1607:.
1552:.
1507:.
1474:.
1444:.
1414:.
1389:.
1355:.
1312:.
1272:.
1161:.
1131:.
605:K
601:M
524:M
521:S
489:1
486:2
483:3
480:4
477:5
474:6
471:7
468:8
465:9
462:A
459:B
456:C
453:D
450:E
447:F
243:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
