40:
344:), originally meaning 'smart' or 'witty'. In the typical machinations of language in evolutionary growth, the word "kludge" eventually came to mean 'not so smart' or 'pretty ridiculous' .... Today "kludge" forms one of the most beloved words in design terminology, and it stands ready for handy application to the work of anyone who gins up 110-volt circuitry to plug into the 220 VAC source. The building of a kludge, however, is not work for amateurs.
706:
and promotions. ... One day ... the admiral asked him what a kluge was – the first person ever to do so. Murgatroyd said it was hard to explain, but he would make one so the admiral could see what it was. After a couple of days, he returned with a complex object. "Interesting," said the admiral, "but what does it do?" In reply, Murgatroyd dropped it over the side of the ship. As the thing sank, it went "kluge".
756:, a kludge was a temporary design using separate commonly available components that were not flightworthy in order to proof the design and enable concurrent software development while the integrated components were developed and manufactured. The term was in common enough use to appear in a fictional movie about the US space program.
794:, but the components were to have been launched separately, then docked in orbit. In the final design, the SWS and ATM were launched together, but for the single-launch concept to work, the ATM had to pivot 90 degrees on a truss structure from its launch position to its on-orbit orientation, clearing the way for the crew to dock its
955:
pastiche. The things we hold highest in our human experience (love, memory, dreams, and a predisposition for religious thought) result from a particular agglomeration of ad hoc solutions that have been piled on through millions of years of evolution history. It's not that we have fundamentally human thoughts and feelings
954:
The transcendent aspects of our human experience, the things that touch our emotional and cognitive core, were not given to us by a Great
Engineer. These are not the latest design features of an impeccably crafted brain. Rather, at every turn, brain design has been a kludge, a workaround, a jumble, a
705:
On being drafted into the navy, Murgatroyd gave his profession as "kluge maker" .... Whenever
Murgatroyd was asked what he was doing, he said he was making a kluge, and actually he was one of the world's best kluge makers. Not wanting to seem ignorant, his superiors kept giving him commendations
301:
Phineas
Burling is the chief calligrapher with the Fink and Wiggles Publishing Company, Inc. ... According to Burling, the word "kludge" first appeared in the English language in the early fifteen-hundreds. ... The word "kludge" is, according to Burling, derived from the same root as the German
1023:
In a 2012 article, political scientist Steven Teles used the term "kludgeocracy" to criticize the complexity of social welfare policy in the United States. Teles argues that institutional and political obstacles to passing legislation often drive policy makers to accept expedient fixes rather than
737:
The result of this history is a tangle. Many younger U.S. hackers pronounce the word as /klooj/ but spell it, incorrectly for its meaning and pronunciation, as 'kludge'. ... British hackers mostly learned /kluhj/ orally, use it in a restricted negative sense and are at least consistent. European
883:. Rather than continue to struggle to diagnose and fix the bug, the programmer may write additional code to compensate. For example, if a variable keeps ending up doubled, a kludge may be to add later code that divides by two rather than to search for the original incorrect computation.
993:
that is installed backward, facing the back of the head rather than the front. As a result, all kinds of stuff gets in its way, including a bunch of wiring that passes through the eye and leaves us with a pair of
1364:, a 1969 film. Dialog between space crew and Ted approximately 30 minutes into the movie, following capsule power down. Ted says, "I'm in Huntsville kludging up a simulator of the XRV." The film was based on the
738:
hackers have mostly learned the word from written
American sources and tend to pronounce it /kluhj/ but use the wider American meaning! Some observers consider this mess appropriate in view of the word's meaning.
845:
or difficulty by building a kludge, perhaps exploiting properties of the bug itself. A kludge is often used to modify a working system while avoiding fundamental changes, or to ensure backwards compatibility.
875:
anecdote tells of a computer part which needed a slightly delayed signal to work. Rather than setting up a timing system, the kludge was to connect long coils of internal wires to slow the electrical signal.
665:
n. A clever programming trick intended to solve a particular nasty case in an expedient, if not clear, manner. Often used to repair bugs. Often involves ad-hockery and verges on being a crock.
837:") is a solution to a problem, the performance of a task, or a system fix which is inefficient, inelegant ("hacky"), or even incomprehensible, but which somehow works. It is similar to a
821:) as an invasion of its historical role as the NASA center for manned spaceflight. Thus, MSC personnel missed no opportunity to disparage the Skylab project, calling it "the kludge".
1566:
1571:
1211:
810:
809:
and kludged what was originally designed for the conical Gemini
Command Module onto the cylindrical Skylab Airlock Module. The Skylab project, managed by the
384:('clever'). This may explain the idea of 'clever but clumsy and temporary', as well as the pronunciation variation from German. A reasonable translation of
260:, a machine, system, or program that has been improvised or 'bodged' together; a hastily improvised and poorly thought-out solution to a fault or 'bug'. ...
864:. An intimate knowledge of the problem domain and execution environment is typically required to build a corner-case kludge. More commonly, a kludge is a
533:
spelling possibly deriving from German, until the two terms were confused in the mid-20th century, as
British and American (respectively) military slang.
985: – when accelerating or driving uphill, "Your wipers slowed to a crawl, or even stopped working altogether." Marcus described a biological kluge:
597:(US). These two words have been confused in American usage since the early 1960s, and widely confounded in Great Britain since the end of World War II.
105:
or makeshift solution that is clumsy, inelegant, inefficient, difficult to extend, and hard to maintain. This term is used in diverse fields such as
1153:
687:, "was the original spelling, reported around computers as far back as the mid-1950s and, at that time, used exclusively of hardware kluges".
1495:
1462:
1416:
1389:
352:
accepts
Granholm's coinage of the term (not the fanciful pseudo-etymology quoted above), there are examples of its use before the 1960s.
1338:
671:
vt. To insert a kluge into a program. "I've kluged this routine to get around that weird bug, but there's probably a better way."
1020:, genetically engineered human beings called Nietzscheans use the term disparagingly to refer to genetically unmodified humans.
1607:
1065:
697:
era for any piece of electronics that worked well on shore but consistently failed at sea". A summary of a 1947 article in the
1541:
795:
959:
the kludgy design of the brain as molded by the twists and turns of evolutionary history. Rather, we have them precisely
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814:
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39:
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v. To use a kludge to get around a problem. "I've kludged around it for now, but I'll fix it up properly later."
1058:– simplifying a product and its manufacture, especially to produce a version affordable in developing countries
891:
1512:
1164:
1168:
1011:'s 1985 short story "Press Enter_", the antagonist, a reclusive hacker, adopts the identity Charles Kluge.
853:
A kludge is often used to fix an unanticipated problem in an earlier kludge; this is essentially a kind of
771:
614:] similarly said: "An ill-assorted collection of poorly matching parts, forming a distressing whole.")
482:
239:
48:
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1016:
110:
256:'An ill-assorted collection of poorly-matching parts, forming a distressing whole' (Granholm); esp. in
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1008:
918:
818:
44:
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787:
271:
223:(2nd ed., 1989), cites Jackson W. Granholm's 1962 "How to Design a Kludge" article in the American
1384:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Office, Office of Policy and Plans.
947:
1123:
1052:, a Japanese term for deliberately "un-useful" inventions, created as a hobby and entertainment
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31:
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can also be used with a positive connotation, for a quick solution to a frustrating problem.
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launch vehicles, the ATM was kludged from an early design for the descent stage of the
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1078:, an Indian equivalent term (also more specifically refers to kludge-built vehicles)
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The
Accidental Mind: How Brain Evolution Has Given Us Love, Memory, Dreams, and God
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Dunar, Andrew J.; Administration, U. S. National
Aeronautics and Space (1999).
1212:"Wörterbuchnetz – Grammatisch-Kritisches Wörterbuch der Hochdeutschen Mundart"
838:
228:
102:
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391:
282:'to fit together or adjust in a clumsy, makeshift, or dishonest manner'. The
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Another type of kludge is the evasion of an unknown problem or bug in a
141:
30:
This article is about workarounds. For the
American music magazine, see
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1099:
1061:
1033:
902:
774:, began development as separate projects (the SWS was kludged from the
361:
1381:
Power to Explore: A History of Marshall Space Flight Center, 1960-1990
147:
1073:
990:
868:
which was expected to work almost always, but ends up failing often.
767:
475:
718:, 'to avoid a bug or difficult condition by inserting a kluge', and
1090:, a programmer's annotation that some element of computer source co
854:
775:
483:
47:, with a "kludge" (temporary fix) to make the bridge usable after
38:
1225:
Hansen, Aage (1926). Knudsen, Gunnar; Kristensen, Marius (eds.).
1094:
MacGyver in popular culture § MacGyverisms and "to MacGyver"
841:, but quick and ugly. To "kludge around something" is to avoid a
246:. (J. W. Granholm's jocular invention: see first quot.; cf. also
1319:
Nolan Underwood, Agnes (Winter 1947). "Folklore from G.I. Joe".
1302:
Dictionaries of the Scots Language / Dictionars o the Scots Leid
529:
meaning 'toilet' (in either the room or device sense), with the
1096:, terms derived from a TV character known for inventive kludges
378:) to mean 'too smart by half', the reflected meaning of German
297:
Granholm humorously imagined a fictitious source for the term:
610:
909:
refers to a piece of control data embedded inside a message.
186:
90:
1133:. Vol. 8, no. 2. Frank D. Thompson. pp. 30–31
798:
at the axial docking port of the Multiple Docking Adapter.
125:
and government. It is similar in meaning to the naval term
729:
variant, both were interchangeably used and confused. The
189:
166:
93:
78:
513:
spelling in particular derives ultimately from a word in
163:
75:
977:
compares evolutionary kluges with engineering ones like
894:(Port Address Translation) to cope with the shortage of
770:. Its two major components, the Saturn Workshop and the
1186:"Yiddish Dictionary Online ייִדיש װערטערבוך אַפֿן װעב"
722:, 'to lash together a quick hack to perform a task'.
593:
n. Incorrect (though regrettably common) spelling of
365:
180:
157:
84:
69:
1154:"Computer Oral History Collection, Jackson Granholm"
578:
seems to have the sense of 'overcomplicated', while
490:
The word emerges in English only in the 20th century
183:
160:
87:
72:
1572:
First Usage of "Kluge" on UseNET (14 December 1981)
1482:
Kluge: The Haphazard Construction of the Human Mind
1064:, a technique of guerilla industry employed at the
974:
Kluge: The Haphazard Construction of the Human Mind
630:apparently derives via British military slang from
1479:
817:, was seen by the Manned Spacecraft Center (later
674:n. A feature that is implemented in a rude manner.
1084:, an originally nautical term of related meaning
435:
423:
417:
1567:First Usage of "Kludge" on UseNET (26 May 1981)
1236:(in Danish). Nordisk Forlag: 90. Archived from
1161:Smithsonian National Museum of American History
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790:). Later the SWS and ATM were folded into the
725:After Granholm's 1962 article popularized the
639:('toilet'), and became confused with American
339:
290:('to improvise with a kludge or kludges') and
811:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
668:n. Something that works for the wrong reason.
500:
499:, is incorrect and would properly be spelled
494:
461:Arguments against the derivation from German
371:
333:
315:
8:
1349:on 3 April 2019 – via Our-Local.co.uk.
1039:
950:proponents have misconstrued brain anatomy:
931:metaphor has been adapted in fields such as
890:(Network Address Translation) (RFC 1918) or
860:A solution might be a kludge if it fails in
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453:
444:
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379:
327:
321:
303:
294:('skill in designing or applying kludges').
1071:
634:
562:of computer programmer slang maintained by
524:
518:
509:An alternative etymology suggests that the
434:, perhaps related to Low German diminutive
429:
309:
805:, even recycled the hatch design from its
759:Perhaps the ultimate kludge was the first
662:) device, whether in hardware or software.
574:and cites usage examples pre-dating 1962.
1014:In the science fiction television series
517:(a language closely related to English):
1434:"The Jargon File: The Meaning of 'Hack'"
1327:(4). New York Folklore Society: 285–297.
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474:Both English pronunciations contain the
1111:
1046:, a kludge-like approach to visual arts
608:article by Jackson Granholme [
1589:, Philip Koopman and Robert R. Hoffman
1542:"Steven Teles Explains 'Kludgeocracy'"
1122:Granholm, Jackson W. (February 1962).
471:There is no equivalent usage in German
205:, respectively), and several proposed
898:addresses is an example of a kludge.
833:terminology, a "kludge" (or often a "
582:has only the sense of 'poorly done'.
536:
7:
1587:Work-arounds, Make-work, and Kludges
1540:Lawler, Joseph (14 December 2012).
989:For instance, the vertebrate eye's
935:, particularly in reference to the
801:The Airlock Module's manufacturer,
139:The word has alternate spellings (
25:
493:The alleged Swedish translation,
1486:. Houghton Mifflin Co. pp.
1152:Mapstone, Robina (7 June 1973).
407:('dumpling', 'clod', diminutive
278:'to patch or mend clumsily' and
176:
153:
65:
1066:Chinese Industrial Cooperatives
1024:carefully thought out reforms.
886:In computer networking, use of
458:('piece of bad workmanship'),.
440:('dumpling', 'clod'), standard
1511:Teles, Steven M. (Fall 2017).
693:"was common Navy slang in the
643:during or after World War II.
449:('mess, disorder') and Danish
1:
796:Apollo Command/Service Module
683:, which is now often spelled
286:entry also includes the verb
1036:, British slang for a kludge
815:Marshall Space Flight Center
1321:New York Folklore Quarterly
1072:
792:Apollo Applications Program
699:New York Folklore Quarterly
556:The New Hacker's Dictionary
534:
366:
1624:
1453:. Belknap Press. pp.
967:The research psychologist
916:
29:
1513:"Kludgeocracy in America"
1447:Linden, David J. (2007).
1432:Raymond, Eric S. (2004).
1408:The Soul of a New Machine
1277:"The Jargon File: kludge"
933:evolutionary neuroscience
913:Evolutionary neuroscience
372:
220:Oxford English Dictionary
119:evolutionary neuroscience
1582:World Wide Words: Kludge
1124:"How to Design a Kludge"
604:that works. (A long-ago
1577:The Jargon File: Kludge
1405:Kidder, Tracey (1982).
1165:Smithsonian Institution
635:
525:
519:
487:) not present in German
454:
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424:
418:
328:
27:Unmaintainable solution
18:Hack (computer science)
1608:Mechanical engineering
1339:"Obsolete Occupations"
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1478:Marcus, Gary (2008).
1306:University of Glasgow
748:Aerospace engineering
111:aerospace engineering
42:
1227:"Et par etymologier"
1174:on 30 November 2006.
919:Evolutionary baggage
819:Johnson Space Center
45:Miles Glacier Bridge
1544:. Real Clear Policy
942:The neuroscientist
788:Apollo Lunar Module
388:into German yields
213:Jackson W. Granholm
151:), pronunciations (
1192:on 2 February 2006
998:, one in each eye.
948:intelligent design
267:defines these two
53:
1497:978-0-618-87964-9
1464:978-0-674-02478-6
1418:978-0-380-59931-8
1391:978-0-16-058992-8
1368:of the same name.
1275:Eric S. Raymond.
1056:Frugal innovation
983:windshield wipers
807:Gemini spacecraft
803:McDonnell Douglas
714:further includes
679:This entry notes
626:entry notes that
566:, differentiates
225:computer magazine
32:Kludge (magazine)
16:(Redirected from
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1088:KLUDGE (tag)
1082:Jury rigging
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1525:19 November
1247:22 December
1137:20 November
1009:John Varley
996:blind spots
969:Gary Marcus
937:human brain
733:concludes:
731:Jargon File
712:Jargon File
650:: /klooj/
624:Jargon File
551:Jargon File
399:Cf. German
332:, Lettish
207:etymologies
1597:Categories
1366:1964 novel
1282:2 November
1131:Datamation
1106:References
1003:Other uses
917:See also:
839:workaround
829:In modern
743:Industries
606:Datamation
314:, Swedish
229:Datamation
103:workaround
49:earthquake
1298:"Cludgie"
1042:Bricolage
1017:Andromeda
981:-powered
866:heuristic
831:computing
780:Saturn 1B
754:aerospace
415:Low Saxon
360:American
348:Although
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320:, Danish
258:Computing
135:Etymology
123:animation
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1196:1 August
1050:Chindōgu
1028:See also
971:'s book
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784:Saturn V
720:kluge up
701:states:
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410:Klößchen
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240:/kluːdʒ/
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1455:245–246
1100:Urawaza
1068:in WWII
1062:Gung ho
961:because
957:despite
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362:Yiddish
335:kladnis
329:klaugen
308:(Dutch
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437:klütje
392:Krücke
386:kludge
288:kludge
269:kludge
237:kludge
203:stooge
142:kludge
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1034:Bodge
929:kluge
855:cruft
776:S-IVB
691:Kluge
681:kluge
654:n. A
648:kluge
641:kluge
632:Scots
622:This
602:crock
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576:Kluge
572:kluge
570:from
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537:below
535:(See
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476:soft
431:kluit
425:klute
311:kloog
280:fudge
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242:Also
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1550:2017
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1521:(33)
1492:ISBN
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1386:ISBN
1284:2010
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1139:2023
923:The
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848:Hack
835:hack
782:and
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