121:. Their leader is not named. After the battle, Irminfrid offers to make peace and join Theuderic in driving off his Saxon allies. When word of this reaches the Saxons, a council is held at which "a certain one of the veteran soldiers, already somewhat older, but still vigorous in advancing old age, who by merit of his great valor was called father of fathers , by name Hathagat", gives a speech after taking the "standard that was held sacred among them, marked with the likeness of a lion and a dragon, and an eagle swooping from above." According to Widukind, he urged the Saxons to attack the unsuspecting Thuringians, putting himself forward as their leader. In the night, they scaled the walls of Burgscheidungen, massacred the Thuringian men, raped their women and forced Irminfrid and his court to flee.
128:
Saxons then set up an altar of victory and "celebrated the appropriate rites with all due solemnity, according to their ancestral superstition" for three days. They even "raised their leader to the skies with their praise, declaring him possessed of divine courage and god-like valor who by his
100:. The latter, "his hope of conquering frustrated, sent messengers to the Saxons, whose leader was Hadugato … promising them a place in which to settle in the event of victory." The Saxons fought "as if their own liberty and country were at stake", and Theuderic kept his promise.
239:(father of the country). "The most noble house 'represents' the tribe" and Widukind clearly presents Hadugato as the most noble. In Hauck's view, Widukind is presenting Hadugato as the ancestor of the
145:, with Hadugato being worshiped as a god. He qualifies the worship of such battlefield leaders as a "temporary" deification. He also sees pagan significance (an autumn festival) in the date.
155:(sacred pillar) rather than a true altar. He argues that Widukind's somewhat garbled passage indicates that the real name of the "altar" was Hirmin (which the Saxon historian glosses as
129:
constancy had led them to win such a victory." All this took place, Widukind says, "as the memory of our elders testifies, at the
Kalends of October," i.e. on October 1.
486:
278:, "The Literature of House and Kindred Associated with Medieval Noble Families, Illustrated from Eleventh and Twelfth-century Satires on the Nobility", in
72:
117:(died 1103). In this version, the Saxons, as allies of the Franks, defeat the Thuringians beneath the walls of Burgscheidungen on the
619:
250:. Without sources written hundreds of years after the earliest accounts of Hadugato, no divine meaning would be attached to the -
246:
Hauck's conclusions are not universally accepted, since the connection of the name Gaut to Wodan comes only from later Norse
254:
suffix in his name. Without the later sources, these names would have remained "empty and unnoticed" in Eve Picard's words.
215:
624:
297:
The Three Books of the Deeds of the Saxons, by
Widukind of Corvey: Translated with Introduction, Notes, and Bibliography
398:
Pagans and
Christians: The Interplay Between Christian Latin and Traditional Germanic Cultures in Early Medieval Europe
507:
Germanisches
Sakralkönigtum?: quellenkritische Studien zur Germania des Tacitus und zur altnordischen Überlieferung
30:
leader, considered a founding father of Saxony by the tenth century. In 531, he led the Saxons to victory over the
601:
284:
The
Medieval Nobility: Studies on the Ruling Classes of France and Germany from the Sixth to the Twelfth Century
66:. This was begun in 863 and completed after Rudolf's death in 865 by a monk named Meginhart. The account in the
634:
629:
38:, "a legendary victory, and one so great that appeared to Saxons as an epiphany of divinity itself." The
309:
114:
219:
113:, completed around 967. Widukind's account also appears in a close paraphrase in the world chronicle of
396:
Clive Tolley, "Oswald's Tree", in Tette
Hofstra, L. A. J. R. Houwen and Alasdair A. MacDonald, eds.,
109:
555:
425:
104:
43:
569:
80:, written between 1073 and 1076. According to this account, the Saxons arrived in the region of
551:
565:
125:
380:
Karl Hauck, "Lebensnormen und
Kultmythen in germanischen Stammes- und Herrschergenealogien",
590:
409:
457:
142:
63:
35:
187:(as in Widukind) is preserved only in sources written centuries after his life. The form
440:
518:
469:
360:
Kings, Politics, and the Right Order of the World in German
Historiography, c. 950–1150
327:
279:
141:
argues that the oral tradition of
Hadugato that Widukind records contains a display of
77:
243:, the ruling house of Saxony in his own time, without presenting an actual genealogy.
613:
235:
453:
355:
541:
Drögereit, Richard. "Haduloha und
Hadugot: Gedanken zur Sächsischen Stammessage."
496:(1954), pp. 9–66, at 36–7, for more discussion of the 'name' Hathugaut as a sign.
240:
93:
47:
275:
138:
89:
31:
299:, PhD diss. (University of California, Los Angeles, 1949), p. 238, n. 107.
211:
152:
214:. A similar name, Sigegéat, meaning "Gaut of victory", is preserved in
118:
46:
in the sixteenth century a memorial week was still observed following
156:
97:
81:
27:
194:
According to Hauck, the name is probably no more than an honorific,
50:(September 29) to celebrate the Saxon victory over the Thuringians.
314:(Kiel: 1881), pp. 84–85, presents the relevant Latin texts of the
247:
207:
203:
199:
191:
that appears in some modern works is etymologically incorrect.
148:
Clive Tolley has argued that Widukind is in fact describing an
430:
Das Heldenliederbuch Karls des Großen. Bestand–Gehalt–Wirkung
311:
Die Translatio S. Alexandri: Eine kritische Untersuchung
88:), having sailed from Britain, during the war between
414:
The Sacred Tree: Ancient and Medieval Manifestations
487:"Herrschaftszeichen eines Wodanistischen Königtums"
103:The most extensive account of Hadugato is found in
456:of the Goths begins with a legendary Gapt and the
416:(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011), pp. 137–38.
460:of the Lombards begins with a legendary Gausus.
218:. The name "Gaut" itself would just be another
58:The earliest source to mention Hadugato is the
476:(University of California Press, 1997), p. 26.
73:Deeds of the Bishops of the Church of Hamburg
8:
332:History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen
198:, meaning "Gaut of battle", in reference to
521:, "Two Notes on Germanic Antiquity Today",
334:(Columbia University Press, 2002), pp. 8–9.
271:
269:
267:
574:
474:The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples
491:Jahrbuch für fränkische Landesforschung
263:
428:, "Review of Friedrich von der Leyen,
342:
340:
159:) and its form was that of a pillar.
7:
543:Jahrbuch der Männer vom Morgenstern
70:is repeated almost verbatim in the
14:
295:Raymund F. Wood, ed. and trans.,
556:"Widukind on the Saxon Origins."
202:, the legendary ancestor of the
387:(1955), pp. 186–223, at 217–18.
318:and Adam of Bremen in parallel.
229:Hauck treats Widukind's phrase
206:and of the royal houses of the
92:, king of the Thuringians, and
400:(Groningen: 1995), pp. 151–52.
1:
330:; Francis J. Tschan, trans.,
286:(Amsterdam, 1979), pp. 61–85.
216:Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies
371:Bagge (2002), p. 57, n. 130.
60:Translatio sancti Alexandri
40:Chronica ducum de Brunswick
651:
509:(Heidelberg: 1991), p. 36.
597:
588:
582:
577:
54:Battle of Burgscheidungen
620:6th-century Saxon people
528:(1995), pp. 9–30, at 18.
346:Wood (1949), pp. 170–79.
171:(as in Adam of Bremen),
559:Acta Poloniae Historica
434:Historische Zeitschrift
115:Frutolf of Michelsberg
362:(Brill, 2002), p. 65.
137:The German historian
600:Unknown, eventually
552:Banaszkiewicz, Jacek
42:records that in the
625:Dukes of the Saxons
220:by-name for Wodan (
183:(as in Frutolf) or
133:Pagan significance?
110:Deeds of the Saxons
233:as a variation of
105:Widukind of Corvey
44:Duchy of Brunswick
16:Pagan Saxon leader
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598:Succeeded by
34:at the battle of
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485:See Karl Hauck,
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548:(1964): 168–80.
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536:Further reading
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143:sacral kingship
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64:Rudolf of Fulda
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36:Burgscheidungen
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564:(2005): 25–54.
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280:Timothy Reuter
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96:, king of the
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26:was an early
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522:
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505:Eve Picard,
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356:Sverre Bagge
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231:pater patrum
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108:
102:
85:
71:
67:
59:
57:
39:
23:
19:
18:
241:Liudolfings
175:(as in the
94:Theuderic I
32:Thuringians
614:Categories
441:pp. 98–103
316:Translatio
276:Karl Hauck
258:References
222:Odinsheiti
177:Translatio
139:Karl Hauck
68:Translatio
48:Michaelmas
602:Berthoald
570:0001-6829
196:Hathugaut
189:Hathugast
167:The name
90:Irminfrid
595:fl. 531
523:Traditio
382:Saeculum
212:Lombards
210:and the
185:Hathagat
181:Hatugato
173:Hadugoto
169:Hadugato
153:Irminsul
86:Haduloha
24:Hathagat
20:Hadugato
585:Unknown
282:, ed.,
119:Unstrut
568:
252:gat(o)
157:Hermes
150:ad hoc
98:Franks
82:Hadeln
248:sagas
208:Goths
204:Geats
126:pagan
28:Saxon
566:ISSN
452:The
432:.",
200:Gaut
163:Name
124:The
437:186
179:),
107:'s
76:of
62:of
22:or
616::
562:91
554:.
546:45
526:50
494:14
489:,
472:,
412:,
358:,
339:^
266:^
226:.
443:.
385:6
224:)
84:(
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