1430:
1805:
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461:
Chin speakers can easily communicate with Hakha speakers. As the capital of Chin State, Hakha provides government employment and business opportunities to people living elsewhere in Chin State. These people live here temporarily or permanently, and their families eventually learn how to speak Lai
1324:
Overall, Hakha Chin is not just a means of communication but a repository of cultural heritage and identity for the Hakha Chin people. Efforts to document, preserve, and promote the language are crucial for its continued vitality and relevance in the modern world.
1314:
Like many indigenous languages around the world, Hakha Chin faces challenges from cultural assimilation and globalization. Efforts are underway to promote its use and ensure its survival among younger generations.
1077:. The phoneme itself was lost in all of its daughter languages, due to a spirantisation to ɣ, which a labialisation followed afterwards. Only certain loanwords, not native words, have the voiced velar plosive.
1285:
Despite the pressures from
Burmese, the official language of Myanmar, Hakha Chin continues to be actively used in various domains, including religious ceremonies, cultural events, and community gatherings.
2217:
2208:
482:
Words in the Hakha Chin language are predominantly monosyllabic with some sesqui syllables featuring a "reduced syllable". Full syllables are either open or closed with a rising, falling, or low tone.
365:
The precise count of Hakha Chin speakers in
Bangladesh is difficult to ascertain, but it is widely recognized that a significant population residing in the Chittagong Hill Tracts speaks the language.
1279:
Hakha Chin is typically the primary language spoken by the Hakha Chin people in their daily lives. It serves as a means of communication within families, communities, and in local institutions.
1084:
transcribes the glottal fricative in initial position, but a glottal stop in coda position. Voiceless approximants are distinguished in writing from their voiced counterparts with a prefixed
1297:
The Hakha Chin language plays a crucial role in preserving and promoting the cultural identity of the Hakha Chin people. It is used in traditional songs, stories, and religious practices.
2459:
4162:
1491:
1321:
There are initiatives to develop educational materials and programs in Hakha Chin to strengthen literacy and language skills among speakers, particularly children and youth.
5662:
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3171:
1303:
There is a growing body of literature and media produced in Hakha Chin, including books, newspapers, radio broadcasts, and more recently, digital content.
2452:
4155:
548:
The Hakha Chin language differentiates between voiced, voiceless, and voiceless aspirated obstruents. Additionally, two sets of sonorants are realised.
389:. In India, the language is also known as Lai Pawi and Lai Hawlh and is taught in some primary schools. Most of its younger speakers in India are
1007:
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4148:
315:
831:
1500:
1029:
3228:
1595:
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535:
1804:
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1150:
889:
105:
4183:
1588:
517:
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1990:
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3256:
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927:
896:
824:
205:
2035:
1673:
1577:
collection of Hakha Lai language documentation in the
Computational Resource for South Asian Languages (CoRSAL) archive
3294:
2633:
2380:
1957:
1159:
1127:
911:
710:
513:
120:
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Literacy rates are lower for older generations and higher in younger generations. The Hakha-Chin language uses the
1175:
1042:
701:
694:
2280:
1727:
1648:
934:
283:. Nowadays, approximately one hundred thousands Hakha Chin speakers are living in the Western countries, such as
3982:
1777:
2361:
1964:
1136:
1000:
658:
651:
110:
2025:
5278:
4923:
4027:
3833:
3622:
3044:
2898:
2485:
2355:
2141:
1096:
The Hakha language features seven vowels which may be long or short. Allophones occur for closed syllables.
784:
777:
719:
506:
346:
100:
2108:
5549:
5174:
4957:
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967:
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or other
Southeast Asian alphabets. Between 1978 and 1999, the Bible was translated into the language.
1458:
237:
of
Mizoram, India. Hakha Chin-speaking minorities are also found in the Sagaing and Magway Regions of
5521:
5512:
5082:
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4715:
4339:
3780:
3615:
3610:
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3393:
3180:
2999:
2981:
2795:
2525:
2156:
2002:
1948:
798:
342:
357:
As of 1991, there were 100,000 Hakha-Chin speakers in Burma. Dialects vary from village to village.
5439:
5263:
5100:
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735:
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230:
115:
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2180:
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633:
561:
374:
234:
5602:
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5390:
5135:
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2150:
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958:
920:
770:
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390:
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2007:
1900:
1887:
1880:
1837:
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1625:
952:
815:
687:
556:
378:
20:
401:
Currently, around 100,000 Hakha Chin speakers are living in the
Western countries, such as
321:
As they mostly live in hilly or even mountainous remote areas, most Hakha-Chin speakers in
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1996:
1935:
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454:
382:
334:
276:
87:
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2500:
2095:
2017:
1783:
1748:
1700:
1543:
1348:
1334:
Peterson, David A. (2003). "Hakha Lai" In Graham
Thurgood and Randy J. LaPolla, eds.
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882:
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418:
300:
125:
24:
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3457:
3284:
2913:
2858:
2613:
2069:
1985:
1941:
1870:
1261:
1252:
Hakha-Chin is a subject-object-verb (SOV) language, and negation follows the verb.
726:
466:
161:
5253:
4012:
3866:
3587:
3564:
2866:
2415:
1630:
1121:
1104:
1067:
495:
426:
308:
255:
Hakha Chin is the lingua franca in
Thantlang and Hakha townships of Chin State.
246:
210:
68:
4140:
4595:
3899:
3824:
3238:
1422:
1353:
1265:
1167:
1114:
450:
442:
338:
322:
280:
264:
242:
58:
1417:
3651:
2430:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
2408:
2049:
1814:
1621:
1144:
1073:
The unattested parent language, Proto-Chin, featured a voiced velar plosive
1023:
876:
809:
422:
304:
190:
174:
2437:
373:
As of 1996, there were 345,000 Hakha-Chin speakers in India, mostly in the
181:
5572:
5115:
4507:
4311:
2555:
1580:
457:. Derived from the same Lai dialect and sharing 85% of their phonology,
3149:
1910:
681:
520: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
410:
406:
330:
292:
288:
272:
238:
50:
3640:
2825:
1823:
1638:
414:
402:
296:
284:
1459:"Directional rule application and output problems in Hakha Lai tone"
318:, which means the government recognizes them as a distinct people.
1565:
Online
English to Chin (Hakha) Dictionary with Audio Pronunciations
1819:
1634:
446:
386:
326:
268:
54:
1376:
the official name of the language given by the
Mizoram Government
4144:
3153:
2441:
1584:
1564:
489:
1444:"Hakha Chin: The Translation Demands and Resource Situation"
16:
Kuki-Chin language of Chin State, Myanmar and Mizoram, India
1530:
Lai phonetics phonology and morphology: a descriptive study
1569:
1264:, unlike most languages of India and Bangladesh which use
385:
districts of Mizoram as well as the southernmost tip of
1066:
occurring in syllable-final position may also occur as
279:, with a sizeable number of speakers in south-eastern
233:
language spoken in central Chin State in Myanmar, and
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
241:, and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of southeastern
5548:
5520:
5511:
5438:
5413:
5373:
5335:
5287:
5244:
5184:
5173:
5164:
5081:
5046:
5013:
4965:
4956:
4911:
4868:
4823:
4732:
4723:
4714:
4672:
4647:
4609:
4561:
4463:
4385:
4376:
4338:
4329:
4284:
4236:
4193:
4182:
4122:
4090:
4052:
4045:
4003:
3981:
3948:
3875:
3832:
3823:
3773:
3725:
3716:
3668:
3650:
3631:
3586:
3563:
3528:
3465:
3456:
3436:
3369:
3331:
3293:
3255:
3246:
3237:
3224:
3208:
3187:
3126:
3110:
3058:
2980:
2922:
2857:
2848:
2771:
2743:
2705:
2632:
2569:
2484:
2475:
2370:
2322:
2279:
2207:
2140:
2048:
2016:
1974:
1909:
1812:
1726:
1619:
252:There are over 450,000 speakers of this language.
204:
188:
172:
167:
151:
84:
74:
64:
46:
34:
4156:
3165:
2453:
1596:
1499:(MA thesis). Payap University. Archived from
1189:The Hakha language also features diphthongs.
263:The Hakha Chin (Lai) speakers are largely in
8:
1493:A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Chin
5517:
5181:
5170:
4962:
4729:
4720:
4382:
4335:
4190:
4163:
4149:
4141:
4049:
3829:
3722:
3462:
3252:
3243:
3234:
3172:
3158:
3150:
2854:
2481:
2460:
2446:
2438:
2276:
2137:
1971:
1723:
1603:
1589:
1581:
469:(Hakha alphabet) as their writing system.
31:
1457:Hyman, Larry M.; VanBik, Kenneth (2004).
1367:how native Lai speakers call the language
1186:In final position, /e/ can be heard as .
1055:Consonants allowed in syllable codas are
536:Learn how and when to remove this message
1191:
1098:
550:
345:. Hakha-Chin speakers are predominantly
1389:
1360:
1570:English to Haka Chin Online Dictionary
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
553:
7:
1523:
1521:
518:adding citations to reliable sources
1307:Challenges and Preservation Efforts
14:
1174:
1158:
1149:
1135:
1126:
1041:
1028:
1006:
999:
973:
966:
933:
926:
910:
895:
888:
830:
823:
797:
783:
776:
725:
718:
709:
700:
693:
670:
657:
650:
632:
619:
612:
1803:
1532:. North-Eastern Hill University.
1428:
494:
505:needs additional citations for
1:
5663:Subject–object–verb languages
1338:, 409–426. London: Routledge
445:and is a native language in
5679:
1336:The Sino-Tibetan Languages
18:
2425:
1801:
1272:Language Use and Vitality
1022:
951:
875:
808:
680:
599:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
39:
2469:Kuki-Chin–Naga languages
1466:Language and Linguistics
19:Not to be confused with
5653:Languages of Bangladesh
1528:Lalremzani, C. (2013).
1490:Khoi Lam Thang (2001).
1256:Literacy and literature
1080:In the Hakha alphabet,
437:Hakha Chin serves as a
433:Mutual intelligibility
4130:Burmese sign language
3940:Southwestern Mandarin
3209:Semiofficial language
3060:Zemeic (Western Naga)
2330:Central Tibeto-Burman
1575:Lai Language Resource
1301:Literature and Media:
1290:Cultural Significance
1057:/p,t,k,m,n,ŋ,l,r,j,w/
314:In India, they are a
106:Central Tibeto-Burman
5648:Languages of Myanmar
5643:Languages of Mizoram
5535:Bishnupriya Manipuri
4358:Bishnupriya Manipuri
3225:Indigenous languages
3181:Languages of Myanmar
514:improve this article
465:The Chin people use
5658:Kuki-Chin languages
2388:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
1446:. 11 February 2022.
343:swidden agriculture
4054:Immigrant language
3188:Official languages
2381:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
2323:Proposed groupings
1506:on 26 October 2016
1312:Endangered Status:
1283:Language Vitality:
478:Syllable structure
337:and south-eastern
235:Lawngtlai district
5630:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5434:
5433:
5409:
5408:
5077:
5076:
4952:
4951:
4864:
4863:
4710:
4709:
4668:
4667:
4325:
4324:
4138:
4137:
4118:
4117:
4041:
4040:
3999:
3998:
3819:
3818:
3559:
3558:
3452:
3451:
3432:
3431:
3147:
3146:
3106:
3105:
2859:Ao (Central Naga)
2844:
2843:
2435:
2434:
2318:
2317:
2203:
2202:
2044:
2043:
1799:
1798:
1426:(25th ed., 2022)
1277:Primary Language:
1245:
1244:
1184:
1183:
1086:⟨h⟩
1082:⟨h⟩
1053:
1052:
546:
545:
538:
441:in most parts of
397:Western Countries
216:
215:
5670:
5518:
5182:
5171:
4963:
4730:
4721:
4383:
4336:
4191:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4142:
4092:Working language
4050:
3830:
3723:
3463:
3253:
3244:
3235:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3151:
2855:
2482:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2439:
2277:
2138:
1972:
1807:
1724:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1582:
1552:
1551:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1505:
1498:
1487:
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1463:
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1434:
1433:
1432:
1415:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1192:
1178:
1162:
1153:
1139:
1130:
1099:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1065:
1058:
1045:
1032:
1010:
1003:
994:
977:
970:
961:
937:
930:
923:
914:
899:
892:
885:
863:
858:
851:
834:
827:
818:
801:
787:
780:
773:
762:
755:
748:
743:
738:
729:
722:
713:
704:
697:
690:
674:
661:
654:
647:
636:
623:
616:
609:
595:
590:
551:
541:
534:
530:
527:
521:
498:
490:
200:
184:
177:
157:
90:
32:
21:Burmese language
5678:
5677:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5622:
5544:
5507:
5430:
5426:Nagamese creole
5405:
5369:
5331:
5283:
5240:
5187:
5176:
5160:
5073:
5042:
5009:
4948:
4907:
4860:
4819:
4706:
4664:
4643:
4605:
4557:
4459:
4372:
4321:
4280:
4232:
4185:
4178:
4176:Northeast India
4169:
4139:
4134:
4114:
4086:
4037:
3995:
3977:
3944:
3871:
3815:
3769:
3712:
3664:
3646:
3627:
3582:
3555:
3524:
3448:
3428:
3365:
3327:
3289:
3229:state or region
3226:
3220:
3204:
3183:
3178:
3148:
3143:
3122:
3102:
3054:
2976:
2918:
2840:
2767:
2739:
2701:
2628:
2565:
2487:
2471:
2466:
2436:
2431:
2421:
2372:Proto-languages
2366:
2314:
2281:Greater Siangic
2275:
2212:
2199:
2136:
2040:
2012:
1970:
1914:
1905:
1817:
1808:
1795:
1728:Greater Magaric
1722:
1649:West Himalayish
1629:
1615:
1609:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1544:"Pronunciation"
1542:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1488:
1477:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1416:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1345:
1331:
1309:
1292:
1274:
1258:
1250:
1094:
1085:
1081:
990:
957:
919:
881:
847:
814:
769:
734:
686:
643:
605:
593:
588:
542:
531:
525:
522:
511:
499:
488:
480:
475:
453:, and parts of
435:
399:
371:
363:
355:
335:Northeast India
316:Scheduled Tribe
277:Northeast India
261:
196:
180:
173:
158:
153:
147:
91:
88:Language family
86:
77:
76:Native speakers
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5676:
5674:
5666:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5635:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5250:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5192:
5190:
5179:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4969:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4727:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4678:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4188:
4180:
4179:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4145:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4126:
4124:
4123:Sign languages
4120:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4047:
4046:Non-Indigenous
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2924:Angami–Pochuri
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2488:(Northwestern)
2479:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2362:Tibeto-Kanauri
2359:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2335:Kuki-Chin–Naga
2332:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2285:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2223:
2221:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2183:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2056:
2054:Southeast Asia
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1991:Angami–Pochuri
1988:
1982:
1980:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1933:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1915:Burmese border
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1833:
1831:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1685:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1642:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1559:External links
1557:
1554:
1553:
1535:
1517:
1475:
1449:
1435:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1330:
1327:
1308:
1305:
1291:
1288:
1273:
1270:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1216:ui ua
1214:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1093:
1090:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1004:
997:
995:
987:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
971:
964:
962:
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
931:
924:
916:
915:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
893:
886:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
859:
854:
852:
844:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
828:
821:
819:
812:
806:
805:
803:
794:
792:
790:
788:
781:
774:
766:
765:
763:
758:
756:
751:
749:
744:
739:
731:
730:
723:
716:
714:
707:
705:
698:
691:
684:
678:
677:
675:
668:
666:
664:
662:
655:
648:
640:
639:
637:
630:
628:
626:
624:
617:
610:
603:
597:
596:
591:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
544:
543:
502:
500:
493:
487:
484:
479:
476:
474:
471:
462:holh (Hakha).
434:
431:
398:
395:
370:
367:
362:
359:
354:
351:
260:
257:
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
194:
186:
185:
178:
170:
169:
168:Language codes
165:
164:
159:
155:Writing system
152:
149:
148:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
111:Kuki-Chin-Naga
94:
92:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:Native to
44:
43:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5675:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4363:Haflong Hindi
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4161:
4159:
4154:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3834:Austroasiatic
3831:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2486:Southern Naga
2483:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2402:Proto-Karenic
2399:
2397:
2396:
2395:Proto-Loloish
2392:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2356:Tibeto-Burman
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2142:Burmo-Qiangic
2139:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2036:Jingpho–Luish
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:Baram–Thangmi
1672:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1502:
1495:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:(4): 821–861.
1471:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:Lai languages
1347:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1239:ai au
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1224:ei eu
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1211:ia iu
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
996:
993:
989:
988:
985:
983:
981:
979:
976:
972:
969:
965:
963:
960:
956:
954:
950:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
936:
932:
929:
925:
922:
918:
917:
913:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
898:
894:
891:
887:
884:
880:
878:
874:
871:
869:
867:
865:
860:
855:
853:
850:
846:
845:
842:
840:
838:
836:
833:
829:
826:
822:
820:
817:
813:
811:
807:
804:
800:
795:
793:
791:
789:
786:
782:
779:
775:
772:
768:
767:
764:
759:
757:
752:
750:
745:
740:
737:
733:
732:
728:
724:
721:
717:
715:
712:
708:
706:
703:
699:
696:
692:
689:
685:
683:
679:
676:
673:
669:
667:
665:
663:
660:
656:
653:
649:
646:
642:
641:
638:
635:
631:
629:
627:
625:
622:
618:
615:
611:
608:
604:
602:
598:
592:
587:
586:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
552:
549:
540:
537:
529:
526:November 2018
519:
515:
509:
508:
503:This section
501:
497:
492:
491:
485:
483:
477:
472:
470:
468:
463:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:lingua franca
432:
430:
428:
424:
421:, as well as
420:
419:United States
416:
412:
408:
404:
396:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
368:
366:
360:
358:
352:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
306:
303:, as well as
302:
301:United States
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
258:
256:
253:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
212:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
193:
192:
187:
183:
179:
176:
171:
166:
163:
160:
156:
150:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
101:Tibeto-Burman
99:
98:
97:
93:
89:
83:
80:circa 450,000
79:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
42:
38:
33:
30:
26:
25:Hakka Chinese
22:
5550:Sino-Tibetan
5307:Khiamniungan
4576:Bangni-Tagin
4378:Sino-Tibetan
3877:Sino-Tibetan
3735:Khiamniungan
3467:Sino-Tibetan
2427:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2354:
2300:
2293:
2268:
2254:
2247:
2238:
2231:
2190:
2175:Lolo-Burmese
2173:
2149:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2075:
2068:
2061:
1995:
1963:
1956:
1947:
1940:
1928:
1921:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1843:
1836:
1788:
1782:
1768:
1761:
1747:
1740:
1715:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1680:
1666:
1654:
1647:
1612:Sino-Tibetan
1547:
1538:
1529:
1508:. Retrieved
1501:the original
1492:
1469:
1465:
1452:
1438:
1421:
1372:
1363:
1335:
1329:Bibliography
1323:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1262:Latin script
1259:
1251:
1188:
1185:
1095:
1079:
1072:
1061:
1054:
547:
532:
523:
512:Please help
507:verification
504:
481:
467:Latin script
464:
436:
400:
372:
364:
356:
320:
313:
262:
259:Distribution
254:
251:
226:
222:
218:
217:
189:
130:
96:Sino-Tibetan
40:
29:
4005:Tanintharyi
3781:Akyaung Ari
3623:S’gaw Karen
3444:Anu-Hkongso
3000:Akyaung Ari
2416:Proto-Hakka
2345:Mahakiranti
1851:East Bodish
1631:Uttarakhand
1510:21 December
1068:glottalized
1064:/m,n,ŋ,l,r/
1062:Consonants
427:New Zealand
309:New Zealand
249:minority.
5637:Categories
5522:Indo-Aryan
5279:Yimchungrü
5264:Mongsen Ao
5101:Hakha Chin
4340:Indo-Aryan
4082:Vietnamese
3991:Hmong Njua
3983:Hmong–Mien
3900:Geko Karen
3801:Long Phuri
3643:(Taungtha)
3601:Geba Karen
3308:Hakha Chin
2982:Tangkhulic
2899:Yimchungrü
2884:Long Phuri
2877:Mongsen Ao
2872:Chungli Ao
2310:Idu–Taraon
2264:Miju–Meyor
2157:Gyalrongic
2003:Tangkhulic
1778:Raji–Raute
1423:Ethnologue
1384:References
1354:Lai people
1319:Education:
1266:Devanagari
486:Consonants
443:Chin State
417:, and the
361:Bangladesh
339:Bangladesh
323:Chin State
299:, and the
281:Bangladesh
265:Chin State
243:Bangladesh
211:Hakha Chin
59:Bangladesh
5483:Sikkimese
4967:Kuki-Chin
4958:Meghalaya
4765:Hrangkhol
4725:Kuki-Chin
4702:Tai Phake
4697:Tai Aiton
4586:Hill Miri
4425:Hrangkhol
4387:Kuki-Chin
4348:Assamese
4184:Arunachal
4172:Languages
3693:Mro-Khimi
3596:Bwe Karen
3551:Tai Laing
3248:Kuki-Chin
3015:Champhung
2763:Rengmitca
2758:Mro-Khimi
2657:Hrangkhol
2477:Kuki-Chin
2409:Proto-Min
2340:Macro-Bai
2218:Arunachal
2211:(possible
2026:Boro–Garo
1930:Kuki-Chin
1913:and Indo-
1828:Arunachal
1815:Himalayas
1790:Tandrange
1757:Chepangic
1688:Dhimalish
1622:Himalayas
1548:hobugt.dk
1295:Identity:
1024:Semivowel
992:voiceless
883:voiceless
877:Fricative
849:aspirated
810:Affricate
736:aspirated
645:voiceless
567:Retroflex
473:Phonology
451:Thantlang
423:Australia
375:Lawngtlai
347:Christian
305:Australia
231:Kuki-Chin
191:Glottolog
175:ISO 639-3
116:Kuki-Chin
65:Ethnicity
5603:Tangkhul
5598:Ranglong
5573:Kokborok
5421:Assamese
5401:Tangkhul
5166:Nagaland
5136:Ranglong
5116:Kokborok
5028:Lyngngam
4944:Tangkhul
4846:Sakachep
4733:Northern
4692:Khamyang
4508:Kokborok
4450:Sakachep
4445:Saihriem
4440:Ranglong
4312:Nefamese
4292:Assamese
4105:Japanese
3973:Tai Nuea
3811:Tangkhul
3703:Rohingya
3419:Thaiphum
3371:Southern
3351:Senthang
3257:Northern
3073:Liangmai
2990:Tangkhul
2786:Thaiphum
2773:Southern
2730:Senthang
2692:Saihriem
2662:Sakachep
2571:Northern
2556:Ranglong
2214:isolates
2181:Mondzish
2109:Cai–Long
1857:Tshangla
1813:Eastern
1656:Tamangic
1626:Himachal
1620:Western
1614:branches
1343:See also
562:Alveolar
391:literate
341:rely on
198:haka1240
5613:Vaiphei
5563:Darlong
5540:Sylheti
5530:Bengali
5513:Tripura
5488:Sunwar
5453:Lepcha
5360:Rongmei
5350:Lamkang
5269:Sangtam
5236:Sopvoma
5221:Pochuri
5206:Kuzhami
5188:Pochuri
5186:Angami-
5177:Tibetan
5083:Mizoram
5005:Vaiphei
4939:Sopvoma
4919:Chairel
4898:Rongmei
4883:Khoirao
4851:Sorbung
4841:Monsang
4810:Vaiphei
4775:Lamkang
4716:Manipur
4674:Kra-Dai
4634:Rongmei
4624:Khoirao
4528:Singpho
4498:Kachari
4455:Vaiphei
4368:Sylheti
4353:Bengali
4261:Gallong
4251:Apatani
4213:Singpho
4186:Pradesh
4100:English
4077:Russian
4072:Punjabi
4062:Burmese
4033:Tavoyan
3963:Tai Lue
3950:Kra–Dai
3935:Taungyo
3925:Padaung
3862:Tai Loi
3852:Palaung
3745:Leinong
3718:Sagaing
3678:Rakhine
3670:Rakhine
3616:Western
3611:Eastern
3578:Karenni
3546:Palaung
3500:Lhao Vo
3424:Welaung
3409:Songlai
3295:Central
3216:English
3200:English
3195:Burmese
3093:Khoirao
3078:Rongmei
3030:Challow
2957:Pochuri
2947:Sopvoma
2894:Sangtam
2831:Songlai
2806:Welaung
2697:Darlong
2687:Pangkhu
2634:Central
2609:Vaiphei
2561:Sorbung
2536:Monsang
2531:Lamkang
2521:Koireng
2428:Italics
2289:Siangic
2270:Songlin
2249:Kho-Bwa
2227:Hrusish
2209:Dubious
2192:Loloish
2186:Burmish
2151:Qiangic
2122:Longjia
2089:Karenic
2083:Nungish
2063:Sinitic
1949:Hkongso
1911:Myanmar
1881:Gongduk
1845:Tibetic
1763:Chepang
1736:Magaric
1682:Kiranti
1662:Newaric
1248:Grammar
1200:Central
1110:Central
682:Plosive
594:lateral
589:central
582:Glottal
572:Palatal
411:Germany
407:Denmark
379:Lunglei
333:and in
331:Mizoram
293:Germany
289:Denmark
273:Mizoram
245:by the
239:Myanmar
223:Laiholh
121:Central
51:Myanmar
41:Laiholh
5608:Thadou
5578:Meitei
5498:Yakkha
5493:Tamang
5478:Sherpa
5473:Newar
5468:Nepali
5458:Limbu
5448:Gurung
5440:Sikkim
5396:Makury
5391:Khelma
5386:Chothe
5355:Mzieme
5327:Wancho
5312:Konyak
5302:Dimasa
5226:Rengma
5216:Ntenyi
5201:Chokri
5196:Angami
5131:Nga La
5111:Khelma
5064:Hajong
5015:Khasic
4995:Khelma
4985:Gangte
4934:Meitei
4924:Maring
4893:Puimei
4805:Thadou
4760:Gangte
4755:Chothe
4687:Khamti
4660:Meitei
4655:Hajong
4591:Mising
4553:Wancho
4543:Turung
4533:Tangsa
4488:Dimasa
4473:Barman
4415:Gangte
4317:Puimei
4307:Milang
4297:Hajong
4271:Tangam
4228:Wancho
4218:Tangsa
4110:Korean
4023:Moklen
3796:Makury
3765:Tangsa
3750:Makyam
3740:Konyak
3683:Chakma
3641:Rungtu
3633:Magway
3536:Khamti
3515:Rawang
3490:Jingpo
3475:Achang
3458:Kachin
3399:Nga La
3356:Zotung
3333:Maraic
3280:Thadou
3127:Karbic
3118:Meitei
3111:Meitei
3083:Mzieme
3045:Maring
3035:Kongai
3025:Suansu
3010:Huishu
3005:Kachai
2967:Rengma
2962:Ntenyi
2937:Chokri
2932:Angami
2909:Makury
2826:Rungtu
2801:Nga La
2745:Khomic
2735:Zotung
2707:Maraic
2604:Sizang
2594:Gangte
2579:Thadou
2516:Kharam
2511:Chothe
2302:Milang
2256:Puroik
2240:Mijiic
2164:Ersuic
2115:Caijia
2031:Konyak
1997:Meitei
1901:Chamdo
1838:Bodish
1824:Bhutan
1770:Bhujel
1717:Lepcha
1708:Lhokpu
1694:Dhimal
1639:Sikkim
1208:Close
1092:Vowels
959:voiced
953:Liquid
921:voiced
816:tenuis
771:voiced
688:tenuis
607:voiced
557:Labial
455:Matupi
415:Norway
403:Canada
383:Aizawl
381:, and
297:Norway
285:Canada
5593:Ralte
5588:Paite
5503:Yolmo
5463:Magar
5414:Other
5381:Chiru
5374:Other
5345:Inpui
5317:Nocte
5297:Chang
5259:Lotha
5211:Moyon
5175:Sino-
5156:Zyphe
5151:Tedim
5146:Ralte
5141:Paite
5096:Falam
5091:Biate
5054:Atong
5047:Other
5023:Khasi
4990:Karbi
4980:Biate
4912:Other
4888:Maram
4878:Inpui
4856:Tarao
4824:Other
4800:Simte
4795:Ralte
4790:Purum
4785:Paite
4780:Moyon
4750:Chiru
4745:Biate
4648:Other
4629:Maram
4619:Inpui
4601:Nishi
4581:Bokar
4548:Tutsa
4523:Rabha
4518:Nocte
4513:Moran
4483:Deori
4435:Paite
4430:Karbi
4410:Chiru
4405:Biate
4331:Assam
4302:Karbi
4285:Other
4266:Nishi
4223:Tutsa
4208:Nocte
4203:Deori
4067:Hindi
4028:S’gaw
4018:Moken
4013:Malay
3910:Lahta
3905:Intha
3857:Riang
3847:Danau
3842:Blang
3774:Other
3755:Ponyo
3688:Laitu
3588:Kayin
3573:Kayaw
3565:Kayah
3529:Other
3520:Zaiwa
3495:Lashi
3480:Drung
3437:Other
3414:Sumtu
3394:Kʼchò
3389:Khumi
3384:Kaang
3361:Zyphe
3341:Lautu
3318:Ngawn
3275:Tedim
3270:Siyin
3265:Falam
3134:Karbi
3098:Maram
3088:Inpui
3020:Tusom
2995:Somra
2952:Poula
2942:Kheza
2904:Lotha
2836:Sumtu
2816:Laitu
2811:Kaang
2796:Kʼchò
2753:Khumi
2725:Zyphe
2720:Lautu
2672:Falam
2667:Hakha
2652:Biate
2624:Ralte
2619:Ngawn
2599:Simte
2589:Paite
2584:Tedim
2551:Tarao
2546:Purum
2541:Moyon
2506:Chiru
2496:Aimol
2233:Hruso
2129:Luren
2103:Kathu
2077:Tujia
1965:Taman
1936:Mruic
1923:Karbi
1864:Basum
1820:Tibet
1742:Magar
1668:Newar
1635:Nepal
1504:(PDF)
1497:(PDF)
1462:(PDF)
1234:Open
1203:Back
1197:Front
1122:Close
1105:Front
601:Nasal
577:Velar
459:Falam
447:Hakha
387:Assam
369:India
353:Burma
327:Burma
269:Burma
229:is a
225:, or
162:Latin
55:India
5618:Zeme
5583:Mizo
5568:Koch
5558:Bawm
5365:Zeme
5337:Zeme
5322:Phom
5231:Sema
5126:Mizo
5121:Mara
5106:Hmar
5069:Koch
5059:Garo
5033:Pnar
5000:Mizo
4975:Amri
4929:Uipo
4903:Zeme
4870:Zeme
4836:Mizo
4831:Hmar
4740:Anal
4682:Ahom
4639:Zeme
4611:Zeme
4563:Tani
4538:Tiwa
4503:Koch
4493:Garo
4478:Bodo
4420:Hmar
4400:Bawm
4395:Amri
4276:Yano
4256:Bori
4238:Tani
3968:Shan
3958:Khün
3930:Pyen
3920:Pa’o
3915:Lahu
3895:Danu
3890:Akha
3885:Akeu
3825:Shan
3806:Para
3791:Koki
3786:Anal
3541:Nùng
3510:Nusu
3505:Lisu
3485:Hpon
3379:Daai
3346:Mara
3323:Tawr
3313:Mizo
3303:Bawm
3239:Chin
3227:(by
3139:Amri
3068:Zeme
3050:Uipo
3040:Koki
2972:Sümi
2889:Para
2850:Naga
2821:Ekai
2791:Daai
2715:Mara
2682:Thor
2677:Bawm
2647:Hmar
2642:Mizo
2501:Anal
2350:Rung
2295:Koro
2169:Naic
2096:Gong
2052:and
2050:East
2008:Zeme
1977:Naga
1895:Tani
1888:ʼOle
1784:Dura
1749:Kham
1701:Toto
1512:2016
1221:Mid
1168:Open
1115:Back
857:t͡sʰ
425:and
307:and
271:and
247:Bawm
227:Pawi
69:Chin
5289:Sal
5274:Wui
5038:War
4815:Zou
4770:Kom
4571:Adi
4465:Sal
4246:Adi
4195:Sal
4174:of
3760:Sak
3727:Sal
3708:Sak
3698:Mru
3660:Mon
3652:Mon
3606:Pwo
3404:Shö
2914:Wui
2781:Shö
2526:Kom
2216:) (
2070:Bai
2018:Sal
1958:Pyu
1942:Mru
1871:Nam
1420:at
1418:Lai
1229:ɔi
1145:Mid
862:tɬʰ
825:t͡s
516:by
275:in
219:Lai
206:ELP
182:cnh
131:Lai
126:Lai
35:Lai
23:or
5639::
5254:Ao
5246:Ao
4596:Na
3867:Wa
3285:Zo
2867:Ao
2614:Zo
1986:Ao
1826:,
1822:,
1637:,
1633:,
1546:.
1520:^
1478:^
1468:.
1464:.
1392:^
1088:.
1070:.
1059:.
1008:l̥
1001:r̥
832:tɬ
802:)
761:kʰ
754:ʈʰ
747:tʰ
742:pʰ
672:ŋ̊
659:n̥
652:m̥
449:,
429:.
413:,
409:,
405:,
393:.
377:,
349:.
329:,
325:,
311:.
295:,
291:,
287:,
267:,
221:,
57:,
53:,
4164:e
4157:t
4150:v
3231:)
3173:e
3166:t
3159:v
2461:e
2454:t
2447:v
2220:)
1979:"
1975:"
1874:?
1830:)
1818:(
1787:–
1641:)
1628:,
1624:(
1604:e
1597:t
1590:v
1550:.
1514:.
1470:5
1176:a
1160:ɔ
1151:e
1137:u
1128:i
1075:ɡ
1043:j
1030:w
975:l
968:r
935:z
928:v
912:h
897:s
890:f
799:ɡ
796:(
785:d
778:b
727:ʔ
720:k
711:ʈ
702:t
695:p
634:ŋ
621:n
614:m
539:)
533:(
528:)
524:(
510:.
27:.
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