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778:. It allowed for the emigration of Jews to Palestine along with most of their property. The Germans were happy to get rid of Jews but unwilling to allow them to take their property with them. Via the agreement, the Jews had to put their money into a special bank account. This money was then used to purchase German goods for export to Palestine (and other countries). The proceeds of the sale of these goods were given to the Jews on their arrival in Palestine. For the Nazis, this helped them get rid of Jews but overcame any attempts at a boycott of German exports (especially from a moral point of view since it was the Jewish people themselves importing the goods). For the Zionist settlement, the influx of capital gave a much-needed economic boom in the midst of a
806:
786:
immigrating to the
British Mandate of Palestine on a yearly basis. After the agreement was signed, however, over 50,000 new Jewish workers moved to the British Mandate of Palestine within two years. The Ha'avara Agreement's initial impact on Jewish immigration would be widespread, as approximately 20% of the first 50,000 new Jewish immigrants in Palestine came from Germany. By 1936, just three years after the Ha'avara Agreement became effective, the population of Jewish people within the British Mandate of Palestine had doubled in size.
627:. The Germany Arlosoroff loved growing up changed quickly and drastically upon Hitler's rise to power. In April 1933, the new regime implemented the first of many anti-Jewish laws by terminating all Jewish employees from German government positions. Also at that time, Nazi officials decreed Jewish people would not be permitted to leave the country without a specially issued exit visa. Jewish groups responded worldwide to Hitler's regime through protests and
651:
refugees from the world's political arena. In addition, a financial agreement with
Zionist leaders for the transfer of the refugees would help bolster a German economy adversely affected by anti-Nazi boycotts. For Arlosoroff and other Zionists, however, the potential mass transfer of Germany's Jews along with their assets to Palestine presented a historic opportunity to help guarantee the future establishment of a Jewish nation in Mandatory Palestine.
563:
685:
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it would never occur to me to deny this... My soul yearns for the unique, ancient Hebrew culture. But I also like German culture, and perhaps I am also afraid to admit how great my love for it is... Yet, Goethe and
Schiller never really touched my heart closely." In 1919, Arlosoroff published the treatise "Jewish People's Socialism", his first major written contribution relating to a
423:. These events shifted Arlosoroff's focus to the need for better relations between Jews and Arabs. Following the riots, Arlosoroff called upon the Zionist establishment to no longer deny the reality of an Arab national movement existing in Palestine. However, Arlosoroff's plea was not widely accepted, and he received criticism from within the ranks of his own party,
647:
international movement for the economic boycott of Nazi
Germany. Adding to Hitler's worries, German financial advisers warned the Nazi government that a mass exodus of Jewish labourers from the German workforce would badly damage Germany's economic stability. The Nazis needed a convenient solution to rid themselves of Jews without a political or economic backlash.
32:
388:. Arlosoroff further professed, that through the establishment of "Jewish People's Socialism", Jews would be guaranteed public land ownership upon their return to Eretz Israel. In accord with the visions of other socialist Zionists of his time, Arlosoroff believed that ancient Biblical agricultural traditions, such as the "
529:. Prior to his tenure as Political Director, Arlosoroff had already familiarized himself with the British system of rule, having written an essay titled "The British Administration and the Jewish National Home". During his years in office, Arlosoroff would develop close working relationships with Britain's
860:
The district court acquitted
Ahimeir and Rosenblatt but convicted Stavsky, who was eventually acquitted by the Supreme Court for lack of corroborating evidence, as the law then required. The defence accused the police of manipulating the widow's testimony and other evidence for political reasons, and
650:
In 1933, Arlosoroff and German Reich officials viewed the
British Mandate of Palestine as a land of opportunity for very different reasons. In the eyes of the Nazi leadership, the remote British-controlled territory appeared to be a "dumping-ground" suitable to isolate thousands of anti-Hitler Jewish
558:
and other prominent Mapai leaders regarding whether or not the
Zionists should work within the British government's infrastructure to help bring about Jewish statehood. Arlosoroff warned his colleagues that if the Zionist movement maintained an isolationist policy with the British ruling authorities,
603:
of
Transjordan, political relations with Arab leaders of Mandatory Palestine might be enhanced. However, not everyone was pleased with Arlosoroff's vision for Jewish/Arab collaboration, nor the possibility of a bi-nationalistic future in Palestine. After the luncheon, Arab radicals openly chastised
370:
Arlosoroff was not religiously observant. His precociousness and his strong national feelings as a Jew can be seen in a letter he wrote at age 17 to his German literature teacher: "I am a Jew, and I feel strong and proud of my
Jewishness. I feel it in my bones that I am different from a German, and
665:
In his efforts to help Jews escape the tyranny of Hitler, Arlosoroff faced staunch opposition from the
Revisionist ranks within his own Zionist movement. Though Mapai Labour leaders attempted to prepare the way for an agreement with Germany by mitigating anti-Nazi sentiment within Zionist circles,
796:
Ultimately, over 60,000 German Jews escaped persecution by the Nazis directly or indirectly through the Ha'avara Agreement. In addition, the Ha'avara Agreement transferred approximately $ 100 million to the British Mandate of Palestine, which helped establish an industrial infrastructure for what
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in Jerusalem on the Jewish Agency's behalf. The luncheon, attended by Weizmann and prominent Arab leaders of Transjordan, would be the first time Jewish Zionists and key Arab leaders gathered together to help promote cooperative efforts between the two groups. Arlosoroff hoped that by building an
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Though Hitler hated Jewish people and wanted them expelled from Germany, in 1933 the Nazis were not willing to let a large number of Jewish refugees flee to the surrounding nations. This was because Reich officials were concerned that fleeing Jewish refugees would lend large numbers to a growing
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steadfastly opposed them. In a radio broadcast on April 28, 1933, Jabotinsky strongly condemned any possible pact between Zionism and Hitler. Jabotinsky upheld in his radio address the Revisionist platform for an international economic boycott on German exports, suggesting in addition that the
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Approximately a year after Arlosoroff and German officials formalized the Ha'avara Agreement, a substantial economic reaction began to take place in Palestine. As a result, Jewish people immigrated to Palestine. Prior to the Ha'avara Agreement, only several thousand Jewish workers had been
911:, established a formal investigative committee. As the first Israeli Prime Minister elected from the Revisionist movement, Begin had taken offence at a suggestion in Teveth's book that a Revisionist acquitted in court for Arlosoroff's murder may have actually been responsible after all.
919:
101:
305:). In Russia, he was known as Vitaly, the Russian equivalent of Haim. When living in Germany, he was known as Viktor. Arlosoroff's paternal grandfather was Rabbi Eliezer Arlosoroff of Romny, an author of religious commentaries on the
1926:
383:
beliefs by advocating a new brand of socialism that embraced a national consciousness. Arlosoroff's contention was that the Jewish people would only be able to preserve and revive their unique cultural identities within a
553:
In the months leading up to his assassination, Arlosoroff's fervour to help establish a Jewish national homeland intensified. At a Mapai Labour Council meeting occurring in January 1933, Arlosoroff strongly clashed with
831:. Arlosoroff's funeral was the largest in the history of Mandatory Palestine, with an estimated 70,000 to 100,000 mourners. The death of Arlosoroff greatly aggravated political relations within the Zionist movement.
853:" continuously attacked the Labor movement and Zionist leaders, including Arlosoroff, calling him names and stating that the Jewish people "will know how to react to such villains". Two rank-and-file Revisionists,
604:
the moderate Arabs who had attended the meeting. Certain Arab leaders in Mandatory Palestine distanced themselves completely from the Transjordanian Arab delegation. Particular anger was directed at Transjordan's
485:
ensued, which resulted in the loss of many lives, including civilians. Instead of inciting further Arab tensions, Arlosoroff strongly criticized the Revisionists for insensitively provoking the animosity.
608:, the ruler over large territories in Transjordan, who had taken a leading role in the conciliation efforts. Jewish opposition to the King David Hotel meeting also became apparent as the major party of
477:. The activities of Betar and their associates provoked an explosive reaction from the Arab community, in whose perception these activities had dishonoured the Muslim holy site on the adjacent
616:, demanded that Arlosoroff should resign from his position at the Jewish Agency. Some radicals in the Revisionist movement went even further and questioned Arlosoroff's right to be alive.
429:. Arlosoroff would ultimately come to the position that strength-based compromise with neighbouring Arabs would not weaken or undermine efforts to establish a Jewish national homeland.
654:
Arlosoroff came to feel that the British could not be trusted and that the Jews must risk angering them in order to further the goal of building a Jewish state and save the Jews of
635:
in Germany on April 1, 1933, Arlosoroff contacted High Commissioner Arthur Wauchope requesting Britain's intervention in the crisis. Arlosoroff asked Wauchope to consider that
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On 16 June 1933, just two days after his return from negotiations in Germany, Haim Arlosoroff was murdered. He was killed while walking with his wife, Sima, on a beach in
1946:
396:", could be restored in modern practice alongside institutional parameters established for the new Jewish nation. Arlosoroff's treatise accurately predicted a powerful
1936:
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in Tel Aviv. Arlosoroff's memory is honoured today by the many streets named after him throughout the towns of Israel and in the names of several places in Israel:
1906:
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An 8-foot tall bronze monument dedicated to the legacy of Dr. Chaim Arlosoroff was erected at the Tel Aviv shoreline promenade where he was fatally wounded.
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began in 1914, the family did not possess German citizenship, and thus faced threats of deportation. The family eventually obtained permission to move to
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expounded the theory that the murder was connected to an intended sexual attack on Sima Arlosoroff by two young Palestinians. Stavsky later rose within
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would become the Israeli section. Ha'avara Agreement funds were also used for the purchase of land and the development of many new Jewish settlements.
1951:
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and Ze'evi Rosenblatt, were arrested as the actual murderers and were identified by Arlosoroff's widow. All three vehemently denied the accusation.
1901:
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political party which attracted many of the intellectuals of the time. As a result of his party affiliation, Arlosoroff was appointed editor of
896:
regimes. The Soviet theory was promoted by Shmuel Dothan in 1991 to counter what the Russians considered a global military plot against them.
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1804:
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and obtained a doctorate in that subject. During his studies, he wrote articles on Zionist affairs. In Germany, he became a key leader of
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Arab political influence would increase within the British Administration and cause the rights of Jewish people in Palestine to suffer.
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Arlosoroff's hope for peaceful cooperation and compromise with Arabs would be severely tested. In 1929, the consciously aggressive
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with plotting the assassination. Ahimeir was also a leader of the nationalist Zionist Revisionist faction whose publication, "
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Labour Party. Through Mapai's political muscle, Arlosoroff was elected as a member of the Zionist Executive at the 1931
732:
47:
1716:
550:. Dr. Weizmann was considered to be among the most politically moderate of Arlosoroff's Mapai Zionist contemporaries.
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1912, Cutters, Craft & U.S. Coast Guard-Manned Army & Navy Vessels, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office
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473:, took part in a coalition to assertively enforce and enlarge a Jewish presence in the proximity of the
337:. When his father, Saul, returned to Russia on business, he was barred from returning and died there of
20:
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1896:
1886:
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440:. He was only 24 years old at the time. Turning down a university position, he left Germany for the
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for the first time, when in 1905, the Arlosoroff family home in Romny was attacked during a violent
42:
1797:
The Transfer Agreement: The Dramatic Story of the Pact Between the Third Reich and Jewish Palestine
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1005:, just opposite a British Army camp. The crew and passengers were arrested and deported to Cyprus.
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Some 50 years after the murder, following the publication of a book on the assassination by
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321:. Seven years later, the family settled in Kรถnigsberg, Germany (now the Russian city of
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ranks and was responsible for the procurement of the Irgun arms vessel known as the "
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from the nationalist and authoritarian regimes under which they lived, especially in
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At this point, Haim Arlosoroff visited Nazi Germany to negotiate the controversial
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In 1930, Arlosoroff unified the two major Zionist socialist political parties, the
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would accompany what he described as the return of Jewish people to Eretz Israel.
990:(1,378 passengers from Sweden and Italy) was intercepted by Royal Navy destroyer
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for Mandatory Palestine be granted to Jewish people seeking refuge from Hitler's
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As the Jewish Agency's Political Director, Arlosoroff first believed that the
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In addition to the aforementioned theories, some connected the murder to the
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793:, began to deeply regret Germany's participation in the Ha'avara Agreement.
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British Mandate of Palestine should assume the lead in the boycott efforts.
623:'s rise to power in Germany, Arlosoroff directed his focus to the plight of
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for "The Labour"), a journal in which his writings were first published.
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152:
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Over a period of time, some of Hitler's elite Nazi entourage, including
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586:(standing, to Shertok's right) and sheikh Mithqal al-Faiz, chief of the
997:, and the passengers put up fierce resistance. The ship ran aground at
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Arlosoroff was a close friend of the Jewish scientist and statesman,
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277:. In 1933, Arlosoroff was assassinated while jogging on the beach in
270:
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869:." He was killed in the attack on the ship by the newly established
325:). Arlosoroff thus became fluent in German, in addition to studying
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379:. In his treatise, Arlosoroff distanced himself from traditional
1927:
Members of the Assembly of Representatives (Mandatory Palestine)
514:
for Palestine, a position he held until his 1933 assassination.
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On April 8, 1933, Arlosoroff organized a historic event at the
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The name of Haim Arlosoroff was also used for a ship carrying
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25:
16:
Labour Zionist politician in Mandatory Palestine (1899โ1933)
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The Masada Myth: Collective Memory and Mythmaking in Israel
1203:
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would help settle Jews in Palestine, so he worked with the
1123:
1121:
1713:
Between Home and Homeland: Youth Aliyah From Nazi Germany
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19:
For the immigrant ship named after Haim Arlosoroff, see
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The personal papers of Haim Arlosoroff are kept at the
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510:. In addition, he was named Political Director of the
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in the spring of 1921. Shortly after his arrival, the
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Haim Arlosoroff was born on February 23, 1899, into a
245:(23 February 1899 โ 16 June 1933; also known as
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Haim Arlosoroff (sitting, center) at a meeting with
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444:in 1924. In 1926 he was chosen to represent the
419:, a Jewish settlement adjacent to Tel Aviv and
317:. The family fled across the German border to
273:, and head of the political department of the
8:
711:introducing citations to additional sources
309:. At the age of six, Arlosoroff encountered
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99:
88:
75:Learn how and when to remove this message
1947:Deaths by firearm in Mandatory Palestine
701:Relevant discussion may be found on the
415:rioting, Arlosoroff stood in defence of
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1937:People murdered in Mandatory Palestine
903:in 1982, the Israeli government, with
341:. Arlosoroff studied economics at the
1907:Heads of the Jewish Agency for Israel
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837:, the head of an activist group with
574:, Jerusalem, 1933. Also pictured are
7:
813:, at the location of his murder, on
355:, Hebrew for "The Young Worker"), a
1839:"Haim Arlosoroff's collected works"
631:Immediately following an organized
254:
952:, a large neighbourhood of Haifa,
14:
633:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
398:resurgence of the Hebrew language
1781:Political Assassinations by Jews
823:Assassination of Haim Arlosoroff
694:relies largely or entirely on a
683:
436:, Arlosoroff was elected to the
269:, prior to the establishment of
30:
1952:Immigrants of the Fourth Aliyah
1912:Jewish National Council members
1873:(Hebrew with English subtitles)
637:supplementary immigration visas
525:which was in charge of running
1902:Burials at Trumpeldor Cemetery
483:Western Wall Uprisings of 1929
375:hope for the Jewish people in
1:
1769:University of Wisconsin Press
674:
666:prominent Revisionist leader
582:(Sharett) (standing, right),
471:Union of Revisionist Zionists
267:British Mandate for Palestine
202:Humboldt University of Berlin
976:Jewish refugees to Palestine
940:Arlosoroff is buried at the
629:boycotts of German products.
523:British mandatory government
442:British Mandate of Palestine
1717:University of Alabama Press
986:. On 27 February 1947, the
411:broke out. In the midst of
50:. The specific problem is:
1968:
1803:2001 ed.). New York:
873:on the Beach of Tel Aviv.
820:
541:Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister
46:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
18:
1827:Israel and the Arab World
578:(to Arlosoroff's right),
403:Arlosoroff first visited
98:
1858:Central Zionist Archives
915:Legacy and commemoration
438:Zionist Action Committee
386:Jewish national homeland
173:Assassination by gunshot
1015:List of unsolved deaths
1863:1933 Video Footage of
1687:The Voyage of the Ulua
937:
885:
880:Arlosoroff's grave in
847:Palestine Police Force
818:
591:
211:Economist, writer and
1653:"Arlosoroff memorial"
922:
879:
871:Israel Defense Forces
845:, was charged by the
808:
599:accord with the Arab
565:
21:USCGC Unalga (WPG-53)
1866:Arlosoroff's Funeral
928:(right) aground off
780:worldwide depression
707:improve this article
570:Arab leaders at the
463:Betar Youth Movement
343:University of Berlin
57:improve this article
1831:Funk & Wagnalls
1777:Ben-Yehuda, Nachman
1761:Ben-Yehuda, Nachman
1691:Funk & Wagnalls
1596:, pp. 140โ143.
1548:, pp. 157โ158.
1450:, pp. 143โ144.
1438:, pp. 131โ132.
1414:, pp. 104โ105.
942:Trumpeldor Cemetery
882:Trumpeldor Cemetery
811:Arlosoroff memorial
329:with a tutor. When
183:Trumpeldor Cemetery
169:Cause of death
157:Mandatory Palestine
1843:Project Ben-Yehuda
1801:Carroll & Graf
1358:, p. 254-255.
938:
886:
819:
815:Tel Aviv Promenade
776:Ha'avara Agreement
675:Ha'avara agreement
592:
538:Colonial Secretary
465:, organized under
353:Ha-Po'el ha-Tza'ir
301:(then part of the
213:political activist
52:general standards.
1932:People from Romny
1922:Mapai politicians
1917:Jewish socialists
1892:Assassinated Jews
1659:on 24 April 2012.
1611:Rezach Arlosoroff
1402:, pp. 97โ98.
772:
771:
757:
722:"Haim Arlosoroff"
610:religious Zionism
531:High Commissioner
452:League of Nations
259:Socialist Zionist
240:
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84:
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48:quality standards
39:This article may
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1655:. Archived from
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841:tendencies, the
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668:Ze'ev Jabotinsky
596:King David Hotel
590:(sitting, left).
572:King David Hotel
556:David Ben-Gurion
508:Zionist Congress
490:Political career
467:Ze'ev Jabotinsky
434:Zionist Congress
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122:23 February 1899
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112:Vitaly Arlozorov
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1558:Ben-Yehuda 1995
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988:Haim Arlosoroff
925:Haim Arlosoroff
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855:Abraham Stavsky
843:Brit HaBirionim
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619:As a result of
584:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi
534:Arthur Wauchope
492:
394:Year of Jubilee
287:
247:Chaim Arlozorov
243:Haim Arlosoroff
219:Political party
164:
150:
146:
137:
123:
117:
115:
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94:
93:Haim Arlosoroff
81:
70:
64:
61:
54:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1965:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Ukrainian Jews
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1861:
1852:
1851:External links
1849:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1819:
1813:
1789:
1773:
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1731:
1725:
1715:. Tuscaloosa:
1709:Amkraut, Brian
1703:
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1697:
1696:
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1662:
1644:
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1620:
1598:
1586:
1584:, p. 151.
1574:
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1562:
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1550:
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1523:
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1496:
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909:Prime Minister
905:Menachem Begin
901:Shabtai Teveth
821:Main article:
802:
799:
791:Adolf Eichmann
770:
769:
705:. Please help
691:
689:
682:
676:
673:
576:Chaim Weizmann
568:Transjordanian
548:Chaim Weizmann
527:that territory
502:, to form the
500:Hapoel Hatzair
491:
488:
481:. The violent
426:Hapoel Hatzair
348:Hapoel Hatzair
303:Russian Empire
286:
283:
261:leader of the
255:ืืืื ืืจืืืืืจืื
238:
237:
234:
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223:Hapoel Hatzair
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1613:(in Hebrew).
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1426:, p. 43.
1425:
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1396:
1393:
1390:, p. 97.
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1331:, p. 95.
1330:
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1322:
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1303:
1298:
1295:
1291:
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1280:, p. 91.
1279:
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1268:, p. 98.
1267:
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1249:, p. 96.
1248:
1243:
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1237:, p. 78.
1236:
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1228:
1225:, p. 10.
1224:
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1187:
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1180:
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1115:, p. 22.
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985:
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801:Assassination
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724: โ
723:
719:
718:Find sources:
712:
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696:single source
692:This section
690:
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580:Moshe Shertok
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512:Jewish Agency
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275:Jewish Agency
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208:Occupation(s)
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179:Resting place
177:
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159:(present-day
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132:(present-day
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97:
90:
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68:
58:
53:
49:
45:
44:
37:
28:
27:
22:
1860:in Jerusalem
1845:(in Hebrew).
1842:
1829:. New York:
1826:
1796:
1793:Black, Edwin
1780:
1764:
1741:. New York:
1738:
1712:
1702:Bibliography
1686:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1657:the original
1647:
1642:, p. 2.
1640:Avineri 1990
1635:
1630:, p. 3.
1628:Avineri 1990
1623:
1610:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1521:, p. 1.
1519:Avineri 1990
1514:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1424:Amkraut 2006
1419:
1407:
1395:
1351:
1324:
1302:Avineri 1990
1297:
1290:Avineri 1990
1285:
1278:Avineri 1990
1273:
1242:
1235:Avineri 1990
1230:
1223:Avineri 1990
1208:Avineri 1990
1191:Avineri 1990
1186:
1179:Avineri 1990
1174:
1147:
1140:Avineri 1990
1135:
1128:Avineri 1990
1113:Avineri 1990
1108:
1101:Avineri 1990
1096:
1091:, p. 9.
1089:Avineri 1990
1066:Avineri 1990
1061:
1056:, p. 6.
1054:Avineri 1990
1041:, p. 5.
1039:Avineri 1990
993:
987:
981:
973:
970:
939:
923:
898:
887:
859:
835:Abba Ahimeir
833:
826:
810:
795:
788:
784:
773:
760:
750:
743:
736:
729:
717:
693:
664:
660:Nazi Germany
653:
649:
645:
621:Adolf Hitler
618:
593:
552:
545:
536:and British
516:
493:
479:Temple Mount
475:Western Wall
460:
445:
432:In the 1923
431:
424:
402:
390:Sabbath Year
377:Eretz Israel
369:
360:
352:
346:
319:East Prussia
311:antisemitism
288:
246:
242:
241:
147:(1933-06-16)
145:16 June 1933
86:
71:
65:January 2020
62:
55:Please help
51:
40:
1897:1933 deaths
1887:1899 births
954:Giv'at Haim
950:Kiryat Haim
625:German Jews
417:Neve Shalom
409:Jaffa riots
331:World War I
323:Kaliningrad
265:during the
190:Citizenship
59:if you can.
1881:Categories
1814:0786708417
1785:SUNY Press
1739:Arlosoroff
1582:Black 1984
1570:Black 1984
1546:Black 1984
1534:Black 1984
1507:Black 1984
1492:Black 1984
1477:Black 1984
1460:Black 1984
1448:Black 1984
1436:Black 1984
1412:Black 1984
1400:Black 1984
1388:Black 1984
1371:Black 1984
1356:Cohen 1970
1344:Black 1984
1329:Black 1984
1317:Cohen 1970
1266:Black 1984
1247:Black 1984
1167:Cohen 1970
1152:Cohen 1970
1021:References
884:, Tel Aviv
851:Hazit HaAm
733:newspapers
588:Beni Sakhr
496:Poale Zion
361:Die Arbeit
293:family in
236:Sima Rubin
185:, Tel Aviv
118:1899-02-23
1805:Macmillan
1001:south of
999:Bat Galim
994:Chieftain
962:Kfar Haim
934:Palestine
930:Bat Galim
763:July 2021
703:talk page
405:Palestine
357:socialist
285:Biography
198:Education
1825:(1970).
1795:(1984).
1779:(1993).
1763:(1995).
1737:(1990).
1711:(2006).
1615:Schocken
1609:(1982).
1009:See also
984:(WPG-53)
867:Altalena
829:Tel Aviv
614:Mizrachi
498:and the
279:Tel Aviv
257:) was a
153:Tel Aviv
41:require
1871:YouTube
936:in 1947
907:as the
839:fascist
747:scholar
601:sheikhs
519:British
450:at the
392:" and "
381:Marxist
339:cholera
299:Ukraine
134:Ukraine
43:cleanup
1811:
1749:
1723:
1670:Unalga
982:Unalga
980:USCGC
966:moshav
958:kibutz
890:Soviet
749:
742:
735:
728:
720:
656:Europe
456:Geneva
447:yishuv
365:German
351:(also
335:Berlin
327:Hebrew
315:pogrom
307:Talmud
291:Jewish
271:Israel
263:Yishuv
251:Hebrew
233:Spouse
193:Russia
161:Israel
1003:Haifa
946:Safed
863:Irgun
754:JSTOR
740:books
641:Reich
504:Mapai
421:Jaffa
295:Romny
227:Mapai
126:Romny
1809:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1721:ISBN
992:HMS
964:, a
960:and
956:, a
894:Nazi
892:and
809:The
726:news
413:Arab
142:Died
108:Born
1869:on
709:by
469:'s
454:in
1883::
1841:.
1807:.
1783:.
1767:.
1745:.
1719:.
1689:.
1685:.
1526:^
1499:^
1484:^
1467:^
1378:^
1363:^
1336:^
1309:^
1254:^
1215:^
1198:^
1159:^
1120:^
1073:^
1046:^
1029:^
968:.
948:,
932:,
782:.
662:.
643:.
612:,
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458:.
297:,
281:.
253::
249:;
225:,
155:,
128:,
1833:.
1817:.
1799:(
1787:.
1771:.
1755:.
1729:.
1693:.
1617:.
817:.
765:)
761:(
751:ยท
744:ยท
737:ยท
730:ยท
713:.
699:.
363:(
163:)
136:)
120:)
116:(
78:)
72:(
67:)
63:(
23:.
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