558:", with the number following this still corresponding to eighths of an inch in diameter of the overall bulb. If a lamp has a "G" code, this will mean the lamp is a bipin shape and the number following the G will indicate the distance in millimeters between the pins, usually either 4, 6.35 or 10; if the G is followed by a letter "Y", then the lamp's pins are thicker than normal— thus, a G6.35 has pins that are 1 mm in diameter but a GY6.35 has pins that are 1.3 mm in diameter. If there is a "C" code, this represents the number of coils in the filament. The length (sometimes also referred to as "height") of any two-ended cylindrical bulb must be specified separately from its form factor code, usually in millimeters, as must the lamp's voltage and wattage— hence, T3 120 V 150 W 118 mm means a double-ended tube-shaped bulb with a diameter of 9.5 mm (
211:, releasing tungsten back onto the filament and freeing the halogen to repeat the process. However, the overall bulb envelope temperature must be significantly higher than in conventional incandescent lamps for this reaction to succeed: it is only at temperatures of above 250 °C (482 °F) on the inside of the glass envelope that the halogen vapor can combine with the tungsten and return it to the filament rather than the tungsten becoming deposited on the glass. A 300 watt tubular halogen bulb operated at full power quickly reaches a temperature of about 540 °C (1,004 °F), while a 500 watt regular incandescent bulb operates at only 180 °C (356 °F) and a 75 watt regular incandescent at only 130 °C (266 °F).
380:
recommended. With a reduced voltage, the evaporation is lower and there may be too much halogen, which can lead to abnormal failure. At much lower voltages, the bulb temperature may be too low to support the halogen cycle, but by this time the evaporation rate is too low for the bulb to blacken significantly. If the bulbs do blacken, it is recommended to run the lamps at the rated voltage to restart the cycle. There are many situations where halogen lamps are dimmed successfully. However, lamp life may not be extended as much as predicted. The life span on dimming depends on lamp construction, the halogen additive used, and whether dimming is normally expected for this type.
433:
31:
389:
1645:
581:
58:
39:
669:
488:
Any surface contamination, notably the oil from human fingertips, can damage the quartz envelope when it is heated. Contaminants, because they absorb more light and heat than the glass does, will create a hot spot on the bulb surface when the lamp is turned on. This extreme, localized heat causes the
440:
Halogen lamps must run at much higher temperatures than regular incandescent lamps for proper operation. Their small size helps to concentrate the heat on a smaller envelope surface, closer to the filament than a non-halogen incandescent. Because of the very high temperatures, halogen lamps can pose
379:
Halogen lamps are manufactured with enough halogen to match the rate of tungsten evaporation at their design voltage. Increasing the applied voltage increases the rate of evaporation, so at some point, there may be insufficient halogen and the lamp goes black. Over-voltage operation is not generally
571:
An R7S is a double ended, Recessed Single
Contact (RSC) linear halogen lamp, usually measuring a length of either 118 mm or 78 mm. Some less common lengths are 189 mm, 254 mm and 331 mm. These lamps have a T3 shape on an RSC/R7S base. These can also be known as J type and T
423:
quartz (or selective optical coating) blocks harmful UV radiation. Hard glass blocks UV and has been used extensively for the bulbs of car headlights. Alternatively, the halogen lamp can be mounted inside an outer bulb, similar to an ordinary incandescent lamp, which also reduces the risks from the
113:
chemical reaction, which redeposits evaporated tungsten on the filament, increasing its life and maintaining the clarity of the envelope. This allows the filament to operate at a higher temperature than a standard incandescent lamp of similar power and operating life; this also produces light with
229:
Quartz iodine lamps, using elemental iodine, were the first commercial halogen lamps launched by GE in 1959. Quite soon, bromine was found to have advantages, but was not used in elemental form. Certain hydrocarbon bromine compounds gave good results. Regeneration of the filament is also possible
743:
for homes and small office or school use. The compact size of the halogen lamp permits a reasonable size for portable projectors, although heat-absorbing filters must be placed between the lamp and the film to prevent melting. Halogen lamps are sometimes used for inspection lights and microscope
648:
keepers. Two or three small halogen lamps can produce all the heat needed in an enclosure and are recognized by the animals as sources of heat preventing curious individuals from attempting to touch them. Halogen lamps' thick glass lenses are safe to use inside high humidity reptile enclosures.
202:
In ordinary incandescent lamps, evaporated tungsten mostly deposits onto the inner surface of the bulb, causing the bulb to blacken and the filament to grow increasingly weak until it eventually breaks. The presence of the halogen, however, sets up a reversible chemical reaction cycle with this
47:
897:
953:
408:, a halogen lamp produces a continuous spectrum of light, from near ultraviolet to deep into the infrared. Since the lamp filament can operate at a higher temperature than a non-halogen lamp, the spectrum is shifted toward blue, producing light with a higher effective
699:
Tubular lamps with electrical contacts at each end are now being used in standalone lamps and household fixtures. These come in various lengths and power ratings (50–300 W). More powerful lamps are used as portable work lights, with bulbs rated 250 or 500 watts.
680:
lamps are widely used in residential and commercial lighting. Tubular halogen lamps provide a large quantity of light from a small source and so can be used to produce powerful flood lamps for architectural lighting effects, or for lighting large areas outdoors.
539:
reflector. Many such lamps have designations that begin with the letter "T" to indicate that they are "tubular" followed by a number indicating the diameter of the tube in eighths of an inch: a T3 bulb, then is a tubular halogen bulb that is 9.5 mm
441:
fire and burn hazards. In
Australia, numerous house fires each year are attributed to ceiling-mounted halogen downlights. The Western Australia Department of Fire and Emergency Services recommends that homeowners consider instead using cooler-running
257:
of all incandescent lamps is greatest at a particular design voltage. Halogen lamps made for 12 to 24 volt operation have good light outputs, and the very compact filaments are particularly beneficial for optical control (see picture). The ranges of
126:
and illumination. The small glass envelope may be enclosed in a much larger outer glass bulb, which has a lower temperature, protects the inner bulb from contamination, and makes the bulb mechanically more similar to a conventional lamp.
621:, due to the much longer lifespan, about ten times longer for LED over incandescent. The 'New Year' numerals that light up when the Times Square Ball reaches the base used halogen lighting for the last time for the 2009 ball drop.
534:
Halogen lamps are available in a series of different shapes and sizes, and are designated according to a coding system that specifies the diameter of the bulb as well as whether or not the bulb has a built-in infrared-transparent
481:(UV) exposure, and to contain hot bulb fragments in the event of explosive bulb failure, general-purpose lamps usually have a UV-absorbing glass filter over or around the bulb. Alternatively, lamp bulbs may be doped or coated to
203:
evaporated tungsten. The halogen cycle keeps the bulb clean and causes the light output to remain almost constant throughout the bulb's life. At moderate temperatures the halogen reacts with the evaporating tungsten, the
185:
banned some halogen light bulbs above 10W from
September 2021 in favour of eco-halogen bulbs, later than the planned date of September 2020 to keep the policy in line with the European Union. In June 2021, the
1477:
The halogen lamp industry voluntarily undertook an initiative to repair about 40 million halogen torchère floor lamps. The CPSC is aware of 189 fires and eleven deaths that occurred because of these lamps.
1605:
1279:
Häussinger, Peter; Glatthaar, Reinhard; Rhode, Wilhelm; Kick, Helmut; Benkmann, Christian; Weber, Josef; Wunschel, Hans-Jörg; Stenke, Viktor; Leicht, Edith; Stenger, Hermann (2002). "Noble gases".
485:
out the UV radiation. With adequate filtering, a halogen lamp exposes users to less UV than a standard incandescent lamp producing the same effective level of illumination without filtering.
519:
the inner and outer envelope can be at different pressures, reducing heat dissipation by conduction or convection in order to optimize the trade-off between luminous efficacy and lifetime
226:) for the same average life. The tungsten released in hotter regions does not generally redeposit where it came from, so the hotter parts of the filament eventually thin out and fail.
1321:
1846:
266:, but are now widely used for display lighting and in the home. More recently, wider beam versions have become available designed for direct use on supply voltages of 120 or
1677:
181:. The production and importation of directional mains-voltage halogen bulbs was banned on 1 September 2016 and non-directional halogen bulbs followed on 1 September 2018.
222:). Since quartz is very strong, the gas pressure can be higher, which reduces the rate of evaporation of the filament, permitting it to run a higher temperature (and so
284:
Tungsten halogen lamps behave in a similar manner to other incandescent lamps when run on a different voltage. However the light output is reported as proportional to
370:
340:
2274:
309:
676:
Fixed-mount lamps are used in indoor and outdoor flood lighting, although improvements in LED systems are displacing halogen lamps. Round spotlights with built-in
1424:
1441:
688:, whereas mains voltage lamps use the same caps as normal mains tungsten filament lamps, or a special GU10/GZ10 base. The GU10/GZ10 bases are shaped to prevent
696:
intended for aluminised reflector lamps, which could cause overheating of the fitting. Higher efficiency LED versions of all of these lamps are now available.
477:, or by the glass and metal housing of the fixture, to prevent ignition of draperies or flammable objects in contact with the lamp. To reduce unintentional
1358:
1616:
392:
Power of a halogen light as a function of wavelength. The colored band indicates the visible light spectrum. Note that this spectrum is distorted by the
207:
formed being moved around in the inert gas filling. At some point, however, it will reach higher temperature regions within the bulb where it then
1670:
516:
when a halogen bulb is used to replace a normal incandescent in a fitting, the larger jacket makes it mechanically similar to the bulb replaced
992:
1520:
1386:
1166:
500:
The small glass envelope may be enclosed in a much larger outer glass bulb, which provides several advantages if small size is not required:
458:
178:
139:
1329:
895:, Scribner, Edward A., "Electric incandescent lamp", published 1882-03-07, assigned to United States Electric Lighting Co.
157:
The use of iodine was proposed in a 1933 patent, which also described the cyclic redeposition of tungsten back onto the filament. In 1959,
1492:
1131:"NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) - Vibration and thermal vacuum qualification test results for a low-voltage tungsten-halogen light"
2384:
1544:
230:
with fluorine, but its chemical reactivity is so great that other parts of the lamp are attacked. The halogen is normally mixed with a
2139:
948:, Fridrich, Elmer G. & Wiley, Emmett H., "Electric incandescent lamp", published 1959-04-21, assigned to
473:. Some safety codes require halogen bulbs to be protected by a grid or grille, especially for high-power (1–2 kW) bulbs used in
2712:
1663:
1592:
1023:
976:
1103:
1052:
424:
high bulb temperature. Undoped quartz halogen lamps are used in some scientific, medical, and dental instruments as a UV-B source.
190:
government also announced plans to end the sale of halogen light bulbs from
September, as part of the UK's wider efforts to tackle
1824:
1566:
2682:
2579:
2317:
2184:
1183:
1078:
709:
2409:
2194:
1470:
1296:
1223:
42:
A halogen lamp behind a round UV filter. A separate filter is included with some halogen light fixtures to remove UV light.
2404:
2204:
2111:
596:
497:
form that leaks gas. This weakening may also cause the bulb to form a bubble, weakening it and leading to its explosion.
2574:
1735:
1405:
1421:
2466:
2234:
432:
154:
to prevent darkening of the envelope was patented in 1882, and chlorine-filled "NoVak" lamps were marketed in 1892.
708:
Tungsten halogen lamps are used in the majority of theatrical and studio (film and television) fixtures, including
1199:
Some lamps have as much as 15 times atmospheric pressure when cold, and some lamps increase pressure five-fold at
2586:
2554:
2147:
2134:
1730:
1355:
372:. For example, a bulb operated at 5% higher than its design voltage would produce about 15% more light, and the
2647:
1862:
1836:
1649:
507:
the hot-running inner envelope is protected from contamination, and the bulb may be handled without damaging it
442:
208:
135:
504:
the outer jacket will be at a much lower, safer, temperature, protecting objects or people that might touch it
2507:
2179:
1791:
529:
405:
82:
2707:
2264:
2189:
817:
3, is a halogen "tube" lamp that is 3/8 of an inch in diameter with a single bi-pin base rather than a T3
677:
585:
555:
259:
2677:
1200:
794:
607:
945:
2389:
1892:
949:
892:
753:
618:
603:
are also manufactured for commercial and recreational use. They are now also used in desktop lamps.
2517:
2443:
2438:
2421:
2416:
2376:
1841:
1819:
1000:
204:
1383:
2667:
2339:
2124:
2067:
2059:
713:
174:
46:
2209:
2157:
2129:
2049:
1887:
1875:
1831:
1759:
1705:
1588:
1516:
1489:
1466:
1292:
1162:
972:
614:
409:
373:
312:
254:
223:
119:
115:
86:
1510:
1156:
345:
318:
2492:
2426:
2356:
2307:
1858:
1747:
1742:
1284:
924:
788:
777:
765:
749:
685:
457:, because of the large numbers of fires they have caused. They were held responsible by the
158:
1431:
at
Western Australia Department of Fire and Emergency Services site (accessed 22 Dec. 2012)
287:
2652:
2611:
2569:
2564:
2399:
2219:
1996:
1725:
1700:
1496:
1446:
1428:
1409:
1390:
1362:
740:
736:
717:
634:
482:
219:
1606:"MSDS — Lamp Material Information Sheet - Double-Ended or Pin-Based Quartz Halogen Lamps"
1343:
2540:
2431:
2322:
2286:
2259:
2229:
2096:
1868:
1715:
1710:
1536:
833:
Thus, an MR11 is a multifaceted reflector bulb that is 11/8 or 1 3/8 inches in diameter
645:
474:
191:
187:
170:
51:
30:
1570:
568: in) that operates at 120 V and is 150 W and that is also 118 mm long.
2701:
2621:
2351:
2254:
2249:
2171:
2072:
1979:
1957:
1783:
1764:
1720:
693:
657:
279:
376:
would be about 6.5% higher, but would be expected to have only half the rated life.
2631:
2527:
2522:
2497:
2487:
2448:
2269:
2224:
1952:
1917:
1853:
1811:
1752:
630:
617:
from 1999 to 2006. However, from 2007 onward, the halogen lamps were replaced with
393:
215:
122:. The small size of halogen lamps permits their use in compact optical systems for
461:
for 100 fires and 10 deaths between 1992 and 1997. Halogen bulbs operate at high
419:
region. Small amounts of other elements can be mixed into the quartz, so that the
1227:
1130:
768:
says that their quartz halogen lamps would not be classified as hazardous waste.
242:. The first lamps used only tungsten for filament supports, but some designs use
2672:
2626:
2502:
2361:
2281:
2089:
2084:
2044:
2016:
2011:
1942:
1937:
1922:
1801:
494:
478:
462:
454:
450:
416:
388:
342:. The normal relationship regarding the lifetime is that it is proportional to
2616:
2482:
2477:
2366:
2329:
2312:
2244:
2239:
2214:
1909:
912:
606:
Tungsten-halogen lamps are frequently used as a near-infrared light source in
600:
397:
243:
1402:
1288:
400:
used in the measurement, greatly reducing the apparent power in the infrared.
89:
sealed in a compact transparent envelope that is filled with a mixture of an
2662:
2559:
2512:
2101:
2077:
2006:
1986:
1158:
What
Einstein Told His Barber: More Scientific Answers to Everyday Questions
745:
732:
466:
263:
247:
231:
182:
123:
90:
57:
17:
1644:
652:
Banks of powerful tubular halogen lamps were used to simulate the heat of
580:
262:"MR" lamps of 20–50 watts were originally conceived for the projection of
2394:
2334:
2039:
2031:
2001:
1962:
1927:
1897:
1880:
1686:
783:
689:
592:
536:
446:
151:
131:
106:
34:
A halogen lamp operating in its fitting with the protecting glass removed
1585:
Revolution in Lamps: A Chronicle of 50 Years of
Progress, Second Edition
1053:"Halogen Bulbs to be Banned in the EU Market from September - LEDinside"
928:
865:
510:
surroundings are protected from possible shattering of the inner capsule
2346:
2291:
1991:
1969:
653:
638:
470:
235:
102:
94:
1322:"Lutron Guide To Dimming Low Voltage Lighting | Lighting Services Inc"
1184:"Torchiere Halogen Lamps and Plastic Shades - Policies and Procedures"
744:
stage illuminators. Halogen lamps were used for early flat-screen LCD
1974:
1932:
721:
130:
Standard and halogen incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than
98:
1251:
Burgin and
Edwards Lighting Research and Technology 1970 2.2. 95–108
913:"A different kind of chemistry: A history of tungsten halogen lamps"
1512:
Practical Opto-Electronics: An
Illustrated Guide for the Laboratory
38:
2657:
2021:
1947:
882:
Source has illustrations of various double-envelope halogen bulbs.
667:
579:
490:
431:
387:
239:
56:
45:
37:
29:
1260:
T'Jampens and van der Weijer
Philips Technical Review 1966 27.173
246:– an example being the molybdenum shield in the H4 twin filament
1659:
1104:"End of halogen light bulbs spells brighter and cleaner future"
1079:"Halogen lamps phase-out in Australia pushed back to late 2021"
668:
969:
Revolution in lamps : a chronicle of 50 years of progress
993:"The light bulb phase out schedule / Lighting Advice - Lyco"
1655:
1567:"Times Square Alliance – New Year's Eve – 2010 Widgets"
1365:
at Karl Zeiss Online Campus site (accessed Nov. 2 2010)
50:
Halogen lamp (105 W) for replacement purposes with an
1374:
Burgin Lighting Research and Technology 1984 16. 2 71
1212:
Zubler and Mosby Illuminating Engineering 1959 54.734
465:
and the tall height of the lamps can bring them near
453:
floor lamps have been banned in some places, such as
348:
321:
290:
2640:
2595:
2536:
2459:
2375:
2300:
2170:
2110:
2058:
2030:
1908:
1810:
1782:
1773:
1693:
1412:
at Fire and Rescue NSW site (accessed 22 Dec. 2012)
940:
938:
821:tube 3/8 of an inch in diameter with electrodes at
644:Low wattage halogen lamp arrays are widely used by
415:High-temperature filaments emit some energy in the
1499:Megavolt, section "Halogen", Accessed 26 May 2011.
364:
334:
303:
1247:
1245:
1384:Thousands at risk from halogen-light death traps
971:(Second ed.). Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press.
1393:at The Sunday Age site (accessed 22 Dec. 2012)
1281:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1671:
1269:Schroder Philips Technical Review 1965 26.116
1024:"HALOGEN LAMP (GLOBE) PHASE-OUT IN AUSTRALIA"
105:. The combination of the halogen gas and the
8:
684:Low voltage lamps use the GU5.3 and similar
599:for outdoor lighting systems as well as for
1779:
1678:
1664:
1656:
764:Halogen lamps do not contain any mercury.
629:Halogen lamps are the heating-elements in
530:Incandescent light bulb § Bulb shapes
250:for the European Asymmetric Passing Beam.
1465:. Syracuse University Press. p. 15.
724:are also predominantly tungsten halogen.
436:A burned-out R7S form factor halogen lamp
353:
347:
326:
320:
295:
289:
860:
858:
161:patented a practical lamp using iodine.
854:
806:
550: in) in diameter. The designation
218:or a high-melting-point glass (such as
138:, and therefore have been or are being
780:for base designations GY6.35, G8, etc.
595:are used in many automobiles. Halogen
513:the jacket may filter out UV radiation
1509:Vladimir Protopopov (17 March 2014).
1490:"Types of Light Bulbs and Their Uses"
1129:Sexton, J. Andrew (1 February 1991).
459:US Consumer Product Safety Commission
7:
584:Medical halogen penlight to observe
61:A close-up of a halogen lamp capsule
967:Kane, Raymond; Sell, Heinz (2001).
917:IEEE Industry Applications Magazine
748:, but other types of lamps such as
866:"Tungsten Halogen - Double Jacket"
110:
25:
1356:Tungsten-halogen lamp information
1311:Neumann Lichtechnik 1969 21 6 63A
1189:. University of Colorado Boulder.
1022:Crossley, David (February 2020).
1643:
1547:from the original on 16 May 2016
1203:. Kane and Sell 2001, page 76–77
710:Ellipsoidal reflector spotlights
274:Effect of voltage on performance
253:For a fixed power and life, the
2195:Parabolic aluminized reflector
613:Halogen lamps were used on the
2140:Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide
1403:Halogen down light fire safety
1077:Carabott, Mike (26 May 2020).
692:reflector lamps being used in
412:and higher power efficiency.
179:phase-out of inefficient bulbs
1:
1461:Nancy Harvey Steorts (1999).
1155:Robert Wolke (29 July 2009).
150:A carbon filament lamp using
1587:, 2001 The Fairmount Press,
1182:Fire and Life-Safety Group.
1161:. Random House. p. 52.
1033:. Lighting Council Australia
2385:Automotive light bulb types
2235:Intelligent street lighting
1224:"The Tungsten-Halogen Lamp"
2729:
2148:Hydrargyrum quartz iodide
1583:Raymond Kane, Heinz Sell,
527:
489:quartz to change from its
447:light emitting diode lamps
277:
2587:Stage lighting instrument
1537:"Lighting New Year's Eve"
672:A 150W Halogen floodlight
443:compact fluorescent lamps
214:The bulb must be made of
140:phased out in many places
136:compact fluorescent lamps
27:Incandescent lamp variety
2713:Incandescent light bulbs
2648:Battlefield illumination
2405:high-intensity discharge
1837:Electrochemiluminescence
1515:. Springer. p. 37.
1289:10.1002/14356007.a17_485
406:incandescent light bulbs
93:and a small amount of a
2508:Electroluminescent wire
365:{\displaystyle V^{-14}}
335:{\displaystyle V^{1.3}}
2190:Multifaceted reflector
1615:. 2017. Archived from
1031:lightingcouncil.com.au
911:Furfari, F.A. (2001).
842:"G" stands for "glass"
678:multifaceted reflector
673:
588:
586:pupillary light reflex
556:Multifaceted Reflector
437:
401:
366:
336:
305:
260:multifaceted reflector
62:
54:
43:
35:
2580:ellipsoidal reflector
2185:Ellipsoidal reflector
1869:Fluorescent induction
1847:field-induced polymer
1342:(Also available as a
1326:Lighting Services Inc
1222:Covington, Edward J.
1201:operating temperature
795:List of light sources
671:
608:Infrared spectroscopy
583:
435:
391:
367:
337:
306:
304:{\displaystyle V^{3}}
220:aluminosilicate glass
216:fused silica (quartz)
60:
49:
41:
33:
2417:Rear position lights
2390:Daytime running lamp
2318:Mechanically powered
2205:Aviation obstruction
1652:at Wikimedia Commons
1573:on 30 December 2009.
950:General Electric Co.
493:form into a weaker,
346:
319:
288:
109:filament produces a
1825:Electron-stimulated
1541:www.usa.philips.com
1488:Kremer, Jonathan Z.
1450:: 41. October 1997.
1083:Leading Edge Energy
929:10.1109/2943.959111
872:. 14 September 2014
469:materials, such as
2668:Luminous gemstones
1842:Electroluminescent
1820:Cathodoluminescent
1622:on 23 January 2019
1495:2011-06-29 at the
1427:2013-02-08 at the
1408:2013-04-09 at the
1389:2012-12-18 at the
1361:2011-03-03 at the
1003:on 27 October 2017
813:However, a T-3, T
735:lamps are used in
674:
589:
438:
402:
362:
332:
301:
175:European countries
63:
55:
44:
36:
2693:
2692:
2210:Balanced-arm lamp
2166:
2165:
2050:Yablochkov candle
1918:Acetylene/Carbide
1888:Radioluminescence
1760:Luminous efficacy
1706:Color temperature
1648:Media related to
1522:978-3-319-04513-9
1442:"The Light Stuff"
1332:on 7 October 2018
1168:978-0-307-56847-2
1057:www.ledinside.com
615:Times Square Ball
410:color temperature
374:luminous efficacy
313:luminous efficacy
255:luminous efficacy
224:luminous efficacy
120:color temperature
116:luminous efficacy
87:tungsten filament
83:incandescent lamp
16:(Redirected from
2720:
2493:Christmas lights
2427:Safety reflector
2422:Reversing lights
2357:Navigation light
2308:Bicycle lighting
2198:
2151:
2143:
2117:
1876:Photoluminescent
1859:Fluorescent lamp
1832:Chemiluminescent
1780:
1748:Bi-pin lamp base
1743:Lightbulb socket
1680:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1647:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1621:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1569:. Archived from
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1506:
1500:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1438:
1432:
1419:
1413:
1400:
1394:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1353:
1347:
1346:from lutron.com)
1341:
1339:
1337:
1328:. Archived from
1318:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1226:. Archived from
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
999:. Archived from
989:
983:
982:
964:
958:
957:
956:
952:
942:
933:
932:
908:
902:
901:
900:
896:
889:
883:
881:
879:
877:
862:
843:
840:
834:
831:
825:
811:
789:Lightbulb socket
778:Bi-pin connector
766:General Electric
741:slide projectors
664:General lighting
635:infrared heaters
567:
566:
562:
549:
548:
544:
398:optical detector
371:
369:
368:
363:
361:
360:
341:
339:
338:
333:
331:
330:
315:proportional to
310:
308:
307:
302:
300:
299:
269:
159:General Electric
85:consisting of a
71:tungsten halogen
21:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2653:Bioluminescence
2636:
2605:
2591:
2548:
2532:
2471:
2455:
2371:
2296:
2220:Emergency light
2196:
2162:
2149:
2141:
2115:
2113:
2106:
2054:
2026:
1997:Magnesium torch
1904:
1806:
1775:
1769:
1726:Light pollution
1701:Accent lighting
1689:
1684:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1582:
1578:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1497:Wayback Machine
1487:
1483:
1473:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1447:Popular Science
1440:
1439:
1435:
1429:Wayback Machine
1420:
1416:
1410:Wayback Machine
1401:
1397:
1391:Wayback Machine
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1363:Wayback Machine
1354:
1350:
1335:
1333:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1230:on 5 March 2016
1221:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
991:
990:
986:
979:
966:
965:
961:
954:
944:
943:
936:
910:
909:
905:
898:
891:
890:
886:
875:
873:
864:
863:
856:
852:
847:
846:
841:
837:
832:
828:
812:
808:
803:
791:for other bases
774:
762:
730:
706:
666:
627:
578:
564:
560:
559:
546:
542:
541:
532:
526:
430:
386:
349:
344:
343:
322:
317:
316:
291:
286:
285:
282:
276:
267:
200:
167:
148:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2726:
2724:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2700:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2641:Related topics
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2432:retroreflector
2424:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2287:Track lighting
2284:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2262:
2260:Recessed light
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:Gooseneck lamp
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2112:High-intensity
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1881:Laser headlamp
1873:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1711:Electric light
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1639:
1638:External links
1636:
1634:
1633:
1597:
1576:
1558:
1528:
1521:
1501:
1481:
1471:
1463:Safety and You
1453:
1433:
1414:
1395:
1376:
1367:
1348:
1313:
1304:
1297:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1241:
1214:
1205:
1192:
1174:
1167:
1147:
1121:
1095:
1069:
1044:
1014:
997:www.lyco.co.uk
984:
977:
959:
934:
903:
884:
870:Lamptech.co.uk
853:
851:
848:
845:
844:
835:
826:
823:opposite ends.
805:
804:
802:
799:
798:
797:
792:
786:
781:
773:
770:
761:
758:
737:motion-picture
729:
726:
705:
704:Stage lighting
702:
665:
662:
658:space vehicles
646:monitor lizard
626:
623:
577:
574:
525:
522:
521:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
429:
426:
385:
382:
359:
356:
352:
329:
325:
298:
294:
275:
272:
199:
196:
192:climate change
166:
163:
147:
144:
75:quartz-halogen
52:E27 screw base
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2725:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:Types of lamp
2706:
2705:
2703:
2696:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2622:Infrared lamp
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:Laser pointer
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Pendant light
2253:
2251:
2250:Neon lighting
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Mercury-vapor
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:Deuterium arc
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2060:Gas discharge
2057:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1765:Task lighting
1763:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1721:Light fixture
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1651:
1650:Halogen lamps
1646:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1618:
1614:
1613:Current by GE
1607:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:0-88173-351-2
1590:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1148:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1110:. 9 June 2021
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1002:
998:
994:
988:
985:
980:
978:9780881733785
974:
970:
963:
960:
951:
947:
941:
939:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
907:
904:
894:
888:
885:
871:
867:
861:
859:
855:
849:
839:
836:
830:
827:
824:
820:
816:
810:
807:
800:
796:
793:
790:
787:
785:
782:
779:
776:
775:
771:
769:
767:
759:
757:
755:
751:
747:
742:
738:
734:
727:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
703:
701:
697:
695:
691:
687:
682:
679:
670:
663:
661:
659:
655:
650:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
631:halogen ovens
624:
622:
620:
616:
611:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
587:
582:
575:
573:
569:
557:
553:
538:
531:
523:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
492:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
434:
427:
425:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
399:
395:
390:
383:
381:
377:
375:
357:
354:
350:
327:
323:
314:
296:
292:
281:
280:Lamp rerating
273:
271:
265:
261:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
227:
225:
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
198:Halogen cycle
197:
195:
193:
189:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:In 2009, the
164:
162:
160:
155:
153:
145:
143:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
121:
117:
112:
111:halogen-cycle
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:quartz iodine
76:
72:
69:(also called
68:
59:
53:
48:
40:
32:
19:
2695:
2528:Strobe light
2523:Plasma globe
2498:Crackle tube
2488:Bubble light
2449:trafficators
2444:Turn signals
2270:Street light
2225:Gas lighting
2158:Sodium vapor
2130:Metal-halide
2032:Electric arc
1796:
1784:Incandescent
1753:Edison screw
1624:. Retrieved
1617:the original
1612:
1600:
1584:
1579:
1571:the original
1561:
1551:21 September
1549:. Retrieved
1540:
1531:
1511:
1504:
1484:
1476:
1462:
1456:
1445:
1436:
1417:
1398:
1379:
1370:
1351:
1334:. Retrieved
1330:the original
1325:
1316:
1307:
1280:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:the original
1217:
1208:
1195:
1177:
1157:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1134:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1107:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1030:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
1001:the original
996:
987:
968:
962:
920:
916:
906:
887:
874:. Retrieved
869:
838:
829:
822:
818:
814:
809:
763:
746:backlighting
731:
707:
698:
686:bi-pin bases
683:
675:
651:
643:
637:and ceramic
628:
612:
605:
590:
576:Applications
572:type lamps.
570:
551:
533:
524:Form factors
499:
487:
463:temperatures
439:
420:
414:
403:
394:responsivity
378:
283:
252:
228:
213:
201:
168:
156:
149:
129:
81:lamp) is an
78:
74:
70:
67:halogen lamp
66:
64:
18:Halogen bulb
2673:Signal lamp
2627:Stroboscope
2503:DJ lighting
2439:Stop lights
2410:sealed beam
2362:Searchlight
2102:Xenon flash
2045:Klieg light
1893:Solid-state
1854:Fluorescent
1812:Luminescent
1543:. Philips.
819:cylindrical
728:Specialized
714:Source Four
597:floodlights
495:crystalline
479:ultraviolet
455:dormitories
209:dissociates
2702:Categories
2617:Grow light
2612:Germicidal
2602:Scientific
2599:Industrial
2555:Floodlight
2541:Theatrical
2483:Blacklight
2478:Aroma lamp
2467:Decorative
2377:Automotive
2367:Solar lamp
2330:Glow stick
2313:Flashlight
2245:Nightlight
2240:Light tube
2215:Chandelier
2172:Stationary
2114:discharge
2040:Carbon arc
1910:Combustion
1776:generation
1774:Methods of
1626:22 January
1472:0815628005
1422:Downlights
1336:12 October
1298:3527306730
1140:19 January
946:US 2883571
876:23 January
850:References
756:are used.
733:Projection
694:luminaires
601:watercraft
528:See also:
449:. Halogen
311:, and the
278:See also:
244:molybdenum
173:and other
124:projectors
97:, such as
2683:Reflected
2663:Light art
2575:Spotlight
2560:Footlight
2545:Cinematic
2513:Lava lamp
2275:in the US
2180:Reflector
2097:Xenon arc
2078:Neon lamp
2007:Rushlight
1987:Limelight
1736:Hong Kong
1595:pp. 72-74
1283:. Wiley.
1062:26 August
1037:2 October
923:(6): 11.
893:US 254780
593:headlamps
467:flammable
404:Like all
355:−
264:8 mm film
248:headlight
232:noble gas
183:Australia
165:Phase-out
91:inert gas
2395:Headlamp
2335:Headlamp
2323:Tactical
2301:Portable
2282:Torchère
1963:Petromax
1958:Kerosene
1928:Campfire
1898:LED lamp
1694:Concepts
1687:Lighting
1545:Archived
1493:Archived
1425:Archived
1406:Archived
1387:Archived
1359:Archived
1007:30 April
784:FEL lamp
772:See also
760:Disposal
752:and now
722:PAR Cans
718:Fresnels
690:dichroic
654:re-entry
639:cooktops
591:Halogen
537:dichroic
491:vitreous
471:curtains
451:Torchère
384:Spectrum
234:, often
177:began a
152:chlorine
107:tungsten
2678:Sources
2632:Tanning
2518:Marquee
2463:Display
2347:Lantern
2340:outdoor
2292:Troffer
2135:ceramic
1992:Luchina
1970:Lantern
1863:compact
1861: (
1797:Halogen
1792:Regular
1234:4 March
1088:9 March
625:Heating
563:⁄
554:means "
545:⁄
475:theatre
396:of the
236:krypton
146:History
114:higher
103:bromine
95:halogen
2400:hidden
2265:Sconce
2090:Sulfur
2085:Plasma
2017:Tilley
2012:Safety
1975:Fanous
1938:Carcel
1933:Candle
1923:Argand
1802:Nernst
1731:Hawaii
1591:
1519:
1469:
1295:
1165:
1114:9 June
1108:gov.uk
975:
955:
899:
815:hyphen
716:, and
483:filter
428:Safety
205:halide
99:iodine
77:, and
2658:Laser
2570:Scoop
2197:(PAR)
2150:(HQI)
2142:(HMI)
2116:(HID)
2022:Torch
1980:Paper
1948:Flare
1716:Glare
1620:(PDF)
1609:(PDF)
1187:(PDF)
1135:Https
1027:(PDF)
801:Notes
421:doped
268:230 V
240:xenon
2565:Gobo
2073:Neon
1943:Diya
1628:2019
1589:ISBN
1553:2017
1517:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1338:2018
1293:ISBN
1236:2016
1163:ISBN
1142:2019
1116:2021
1090:2021
1064:2018
1039:2023
1009:2018
973:ISBN
878:2019
750:CCFL
739:and
619:LEDs
134:and
118:and
2002:Oil
1953:Gas
1344:PDF
1285:doi
925:doi
754:LED
656:of
445:or
328:1.3
238:or
132:LED
101:or
2704::
1611:.
1539:.
1475:.
1444:.
1324:.
1291:.
1244:^
1133:.
1106:.
1081:.
1055:.
1029:.
995:.
937:^
919:.
915:.
868:.
857:^
720:.
712:,
660:.
641:.
633:,
610:.
552:MR
417:UV
358:14
270:.
194:.
188:UK
171:EU
142:.
73:,
65:A
1865:)
1679:e
1672:t
1665:v
1630:.
1555:.
1525:.
1340:.
1301:.
1287::
1238:.
1171:.
1144:.
1118:.
1092:.
1066:.
1041:.
1011:.
981:.
931:.
927::
921:7
880:.
565:8
561:3
547:8
543:3
540:(
351:V
324:V
297:3
293:V
20:)
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