308:
31:
343:, two islands just off the coast of Falcón state, Venezuela, it is called 'ayaca' or 'ayaka'. The ingredients are pork and chicken stew, or pork or chicken stew, capers, raisins, cashew nuts, bellpepper, pickled baby onions, prunes, and olives. The dough is made from white cornmeal, and the ayaca leaves first spread with lard or oil. Cooked meat and other ingredients are then wrapped in ayaca leaves, tied with string and then boiled for about 2 hours. Flavors in the ayaca vary from family to family, and some add very hot Madam Jeanette peppers.
251:. It is said to have been invented by slaves during the colonial era. The slaves would prepare the Christmas Eve meal for the landowners and with leftover meat they made the hallacas filling for their own Christmas meal. One version of the dish's origin tale has it that the daughter of the landowning family asked to taste the hallacas. She and her family liked the dish so much they requested for it to be made for their dinner party and ever since it has been part of the traditional holiday meal for all classes.
500:, once remarked that comparing the robust hallaca with the tamale is like comparing a llama with a camel. While there are superficial similarities between the hallaca and the tamale, and both dishes reflect the rich history and diversity of their respective cultures, the hallaca is a unique dish with its own history, tradition, and cultural significance in Venezuela. Comparing it to the tamale, though common, is seen by many Venezuelans and culinary experts as an oversimplification.
401:
370:, annatto oil (olive oil or lard), olives, capers, chickpeas, raisins, and spices. The liquid is then strained into the masa. Because of the long and elaborate process and skills that it takes to prepare, the hayaca is now rarely available, but is still found, mostly in coastal, family-owned restaurants and other small establishments known as "kioscos" where there are still strong ties to native heritage and classic slow-cooking skills.
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Hallaca has an elaborate filling. Ingredients differ between regions and families but may include a combination of beef, pork, bacon, lard, onion, sweet pepper, red pepper, scallion, garlic, salt, pepper, oregano, cumin and some type of cooking wine or vinegar. Some versions of the filling include
295:(using Spanish silent "h" when written). Another version presumes that the word comes from an aboriginal language of the West of the country, whose meaning is "wrapping" or "bojote". The earliest use of the word in the modern sense is in a 1781 document of Italian missionary linguist
447:. Over time, a debate has emerged surrounding the hallaca, often comparing or confusing it with the tamale, another traditional dish from various Latin American cultures. While some popular narratives suggest that the hallaca might be a derivative or a variant of the
428:, the Venezuelan government created a hallaca with a length of around 400 feet, a Guinness World Record. In contrast to Venezuelan tradition, hallacas are popular year-round in Ecuador, and there are several variants across the country's regions. Along with
478:
The name "hallaca" is distinctly
Venezuelan, and historical records place it in Venezuela as early as 1538. In contrast, the tamale has a pre-Hispanic origin, linked to several indigenous cultures of
389:
filling is topped with a combination of onion, pepper, parsley, potatoes, raisins, almonds, chickpeas, capers, green olives, hard boiled eggs and bacon. The leaf is tied and boiled at a low heat.
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to add color. Corn flour is kneaded together with broth and some soft butter and the cooled pork fat mixture is incorporated to make a soft dough with a golden color. A large
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Although in the other countries of the region it is eaten any day of the year with the same name but different preparations, Hallaca is a staple of
Colombian and Venezuelan
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362:, stock, milk, pork fat cooked with annatto, and banana leaf, and baked in traditional open-wood-fire. They are typically filled with diced
203:, fresh onion rings, red and green bell pepper slices. There are vegetarian hallacas, made with black beans or tofu. Hallacas are folded in
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459:. They argue that, although both dishes use corn dough and are cooked wrapped in leaves, hallacas and tamales have distinct differences.
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were added in the 16th
Century and after by settlers from the Iberian peninsula. Hallaca consists of corn dough stuffed with a stew of
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of
Venezuela. Some speculate it originated from the Orinoquia. Characteristic of the hallaca is the delicate corn dough made with
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The South
American Table: The Flavor and Soul of Authentic Home Cooking from Patagonia to Rio de Janeiro, With 450 Recipes
572:
The South
American Table: The Flavor and Soul of Authentic Home Cooking from Patagonia to Rio de Janeiro, with 450 Recipes
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489:, pointed out that the history of several centuries of Venezuela can be found reflected in the hallaca. According to
30:
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or plantain leaves. Additionally, tamales can be both sweet and savory, while the hallaca is mainly a savory dish.
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leaf is greased with vegetable oil and the dough is flattened on the leaf to about a quarter inch thickness . The
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493:, the hallaca is a complex dish with an equally intricate origin, merging influences from various cultures.
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Woman's Day
Encyclopedia of Cookery ; Prepared and Edited by the Editors of Woman's Day, Volume 11
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The
Hallaca is a traditional Venezuelan food known by various names and spread throughout the
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724:"Three generations gather to carry on Venezuelan Christmas hallacas tradition in Naperville"
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leaves as its wrapper, whereas tamales can have a variety of fillings and can be wrapped in
325:
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159:
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934:"New Year's Eve dinner: differences between tamales and hallacas and how they are prepared"
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The hallaca is a traditional
Colombian and Venezuelan dish primarily consumed during the
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899:"Venezuelan cooks produce world's largest hallaca, traditional savory Christmas treat"
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and used to be a popular part of the island's cuisine. Unlike the
Venezuelan variety,
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881:"A homemade Christmas dish is the latest casualty of Venezuela's economic crisis"
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and chicken stew, but not all families have been able to afford them during food
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231:. Hallacas are also commonly eaten in eastern Cuba, Trinidad where it is called
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celebrations. Christmas meals in Venezuela would include hallacas, pastries,
207:, tied with strings, and boiled. The dish is traditionally served during the
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Santa's North Pole Cookbook: Classic Christmas Recipes from Saint Nicholas
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Garth, Hanna 2013 Food and Identity in the Caribbean. London: Bloomsbury.
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614:. Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia. Greenwood. p. 1–PA102.
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For instance, the hallaca has a singular type of filling and utilizes
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season and has several regional variants. It has been described as a
192:
164:
96:
311:
Filling of the hallacas before being wrapped in the plantain leaves.
435:
Families usually gather in the morning to prepare the ingredients.
247:
in the Americas as far south as Argentina in the decades following
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163:) is a traditional Venezuelan dish. Its origin is indigenous, but
104:
100:
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3823:
2541:
2366:
1505:
917:"For this Venezuelan, Christmas isn't Christmas without hallaca"
456:
317:
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184:
180:
88:
84:
2452:
1084:
2448:
1080:
654:
Cuban Spanish Dialectology: Variation, Contact, and Change
279:, meaning "to mix or blend". From there, the construction
963:"Differences between hallaca and tamale: Which is which?"
432:, they are a staple of traditional Ecuadorian cuisine.
235:, and parts of Colombia, Ecuador, Aruba, and Curaçao.
852:. Exploring Countries. Bellwether Media. p. 23.
358:
s from Puerto Rico are made not with maize but with
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2011:
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72:
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54:
43:
1055:Rosenblat, Ángel. (Venezuela Analysis, ???).
828:
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563:
561:
957:
955:
969:(in Spanish). 17 December 2020. Archived from
328:however differs because its meat filling is a
2464:
1096:
404:Traditional Christmas meal in Venezuela with
8:
576:. NYM Series. Harvard Common Press. p.
21:
679:"Pastelles A Caribbean Christmas Tradition"
392:Hallaca can be made in advance and frozen.
3842:
2471:
2457:
2449:
2426:
2395:
2017:
1280:
1133:
1103:
1089:
1081:
1073:Castillo, Efrain. Revista Estampas (???)
1001:"✅ Differences between hallaca and tamale"
20:
739:
737:
718:
716:
703:"RECIPE: Traditional Venezuelan hallacas"
320:, Worcestershire sauce, mustard pickles,
399:
373:The corn dough is similar to a standard
306:
1026:González, Jorge M. (30 November 2020).
940:(in European Spanish). 27 December 2021
611:Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia
557:
697:
695:
485:The renowned Venezuelan intellectual,
3801:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
994:
992:
990:
988:
928:
926:
804:
802:
800:
496:The Venezuelan writer and historian,
451:, this claim is contested by several
439:Controversy: Is the hallaca a tamale?
158:
152:
7:
651:Cuza, Alejandro (15 November 2017).
426:food shortages affecting the country
377:dough. Pork fat is melted down with
332:, which means it is not pre-cooked.
474:Historical and cultural perspective
14:
4222:
4221:
3677:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3572:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
752:. Harvard Common Press. p.
510:
129:
29:
63:
47:Ayaca, hayaca, guanimo, tamal,
42:
3657:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3586:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
2969:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2748:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1028:"The hallaca is not a tamale!"
191:and other ingredients such as
1:
3608:Christmas television specials
3507:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2594:Annunciation to the shepherds
3662:Christmas and holiday season
810:"Venezuelan Andean Hallacas"
267:evolved from the indigenous
1066:. Retrieved 9 January 2005.
283:(mixed things) devolved to
4296:
2574:Adoration of the Shepherds
744:Kijac, Maria Baez (2003).
4217:
3818:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3579:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3500:The Oxford Book of Carols
3076:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2639:Massacre of the Innocents
2488:
2429:
2398:
1118:
999:esmingui (14 July 2017).
271:, stemming from the verb
124:
28:
3620:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
175:, and sometimes bits of
3782:Small Business Saturday
3652:Black Friday (shopping)
3647:Black Friday (partying)
3141:Nine Lessons and Carols
3071:Events and celebrations
1075:"Decanos de la Navidad"
835:. Fawcett Publications.
498:Francisco Herrera Luque
297:Filippo Salvatore Gilii
3426:Post-War United States
1077:Retrieved 8 April 2012
827:Tighe, Eileen (1966).
546:List of stuffed dishes
422:shortages in Venezuela
409:
312:
150:Spanish pronunciation:
3475:Hit singles in the US
3470:Hit singles in the UK
3031:Carols by Candlelight
2959:Santa Claus' daughter
2567:Adoration of the Magi
1151:Chicken and dumplings
403:
310:
4255:Puerto Rican cuisine
3767:Santa's Candy Castle
3091:Google Santa Tracker
2352:Bedfordshire clanger
846:Schuetz, K. (2009).
777:Guinn, Jeff (2012).
568:Kijac, M.B. (2003).
541:List of maize dishes
348:Puerto Rican cuisine
3772:Santa Claus Village
3687:Christmas Mountains
3593:Journey of the Magi
2599:Baptism of the Lord
973:on 25 December 2022
887:. 16 December 2017.
730:. 23 December 2017.
608:Albala, K. (2011).
487:Arturo Uslar Pietri
424:. In 2014, despite
350:the dish is called
25:
16:Dish from Venezuela
4250:Venezuelan cuisine
3882:Twelve-dish supper
3732:Jews and Christmas
3682:Christmas Lectures
3411:American Civil War
3146:NORAD Tracks Santa
2522:Saint Nicholas Day
2301:Silesian dumplings
2030:Borș de burechiușe
410:
313:
287:and ultimately to
135:Media: Hallaca
4237:
4236:
4213:
4212:
3877:Thirteen desserts
3797:Virginia O'Hanlon
3642:Advent Conspiracy
3556:Films (Christmas,
3548:A Christmas Carol
3493:Carols for Choirs
3036:Cavalcade of Magi
3016:Boar's Head Feast
2685:Star of Bethlehem
2656:Nativity of Jesus
2644:flight into Egypt
2529:St. Stephen's Day
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2416:
2415:
2385:
2384:
2226:Idrijski žlikrofi
2201:Bryndzové halušky
2050:Kalduny (Kundumy)
2007:
2006:
1794:Bánh bao bánh vạc
1569:Mont lone yay baw
1270:
1269:
1121:List of dumplings
859:978-1-61211-587-0
621:978-0-313-37626-9
587:978-1-55832-249-3
143:
142:
44:Alternative names
4287:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4060:Redcurrant sauce
3849:
3843:
3838:
3812:Winter festivals
3562:Christmas horror
3529:
3440:
3271:
3126:Meals and feasts
3046:Christmas jumper
2993:
2964:Santa's reindeer
2916:
2862:Father Christmas
2826:
2783:Santa's workshop
2704:
2666:in later culture
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2482:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2450:
2427:
2422:Oceanian cuisine
2396:
2018:
2013:European cuisine
1709:Kue putu mangkok
1368:Shengjian mantou
1281:
1194:Bolinho de chuva
1134:
1129:American cuisine
1105:
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816:. General Mills.
806:
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520:
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445:Christmas season
326:Venezuelan Andes
269:Guarani language
162:
160:[aˈʝaka]
156:
154:[aˈʎaka]
151:
133:
73:Main ingredients
33:
26:
24:
4295:
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4290:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
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4260:Mexican cuisine
4240:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4209:
4175:Pickled herring
4148:
4117:
4064:
4055:Cranberry sauce
4038:
4017:
3993:Red velvet cake
3978:Poppy seed roll
3896:
3847:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3807:White Christmas
3697:Christmas truce
3692:Christmas seals
3672:Christmas creep
3634:
3632:
3626:
3527:
3521:
3438:
3432:
3269:
3263:
3116:Lord of Misrule
3051:Christmas Peace
3001:Advent calendar
2991:
2985:
2934:Knecht Ruprecht
2914:
2912:
2906:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2619:Herod the Great
2554:
2548:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2447:
2438:
2412:
2391:African cuisine
2381:
2344:Northern Europe
2338:
2315:
2196:Black dumplings
2182:
2105:Southern Europe
2099:
2003:
1980:
1922:
1889:
1811:
1545:
1526:Mitarashi dango
1388:Suanla chaoshou
1266:
1243:
1180:
1123:
1114:
1109:
1069:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
998:
997:
986:
976:
974:
961:
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953:
943:
941:
932:
931:
924:
915:
914:
910:
897:
896:
892:
879:
878:
874:
864:
862:
860:
845:
844:
840:
826:
825:
821:
808:
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764:
743:
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728:Chicago Tribune
722:
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567:
566:
559:
554:
516:
509:
506:
476:
441:
398:
305:
257:
241:
205:plantain leaves
149:
139:
65:Region or state
39:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4293:
4291:
4283:
4282:
4280:Stuffed dishes
4277:
4272:
4267:
4265:Christmas food
4262:
4257:
4252:
4242:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4218:
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4208:
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4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
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4141:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4106:Smoking Bishop
4098:
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4072:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
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4023:
4019:
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3827:
3826:
3821:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3794:
3789:
3787:Super Saturday
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3717:Giving Tuesday
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3667:Christmas club
3664:
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3638:
3636:
3628:
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3623:
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3551:
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3533:
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3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:Piae Cantiones
3510:
3503:
3496:
3486:
3480:Music charts (
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3455:
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3433:
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3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
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3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3209:
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3199:
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3177:
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3175:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2949:Père Fouettard
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2915:Saint Nicholas
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2867:Grandpa Indian
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2835:Saint Nicholas
2831:
2829:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2773:Old Man Winter
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Miner's figure
2755:
2750:
2745:
2743:Kallikantzaros
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2673:Nativity scene
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2508:Children's Day
2504:
2497:
2494:Blue Christmas
2489:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2321:Western Europe
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2286:Schlutzkrapfen
2283:
2281:Marillenknödel
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2188:Central Europe
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2022:Eastern Europe
2015:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1875:Munthiri kothu
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
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1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
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1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Mont phet htok
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1551:Southeast Asia
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1146:Apple dumpling
1142:
1140:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1067:
1046:
1045:
1018:
1005:Differences.es
984:
967:elestimulo.com
951:
922:
908:
890:
872:
858:
838:
819:
796:
789:
769:
762:
733:
712:
691:
670:
663:
643:
634:
620:
600:
586:
556:
555:
553:
550:
549:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
522:
521:
505:
502:
475:
472:
440:
437:
397:
394:
304:
301:
256:
253:
245:Spanish Empire
240:
237:
141:
140:
138:
137:
125:
122:
121:
112:
108:
107:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
45:
41:
40:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4292:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4230:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:Meat and fish
4151:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4091:Hot chocolate
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:Ugly sweaters
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3702:Controversies
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3537:In literature
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3406:United States
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:Moravian star
3134:
3132:
3131:Midnight Mass
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:Candle arches
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Advent wreath
3009:
3007:
3006:Advent candle
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2913:Companions of
2909:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:Gift-bringers
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2697:
2691:
2690:Twelfth Night
2688:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Nativity Fast
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:Christmastide
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83:dough, meat (
82:
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68:Latin America
67:
60:
57:
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50:
46:
38:
32:
27:
19:
4275:Maize dishes
4165:Gefilte fish
4128:
4113:Ponche crema
3948:Melomakarono
3816:
3707:Cyber Monday
3612:
3577:
3546:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3488:Music books
3481:
3319:Nazi Germany
3211:
3207:Secret Santa
3194:
3081:Flying Santa
2788:Tió de Nadal
2738:Korvatunturi
2589:Annunciation
2555:Christianity
2536:Sol Invictus
1976:Tatar böreği
1895:Central Asia
1799:Bánh bột lọc
1759:Semar mendem
1754:Roti oliebol
1624:Pinsec frito
1298:Abacus seeds
1213:
1156:Crab Rangoon
1070:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1038:27 September
1036:. Retrieved
1034:(in Spanish)
1031:
1021:
1011:27 September
1009:. Retrieved
1007:(in Spanish)
1004:
977:27 September
975:. Retrieved
971:the original
966:
944:27 September
942:. Retrieved
937:
911:
902:
893:
885:Miami Herald
884:
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863:. Retrieved
848:
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747:
727:
706:
682:. Retrieved
673:
653:
646:
637:
625:. Retrieved
610:
603:
591:. Retrieved
571:
495:
491:Uslar Pietri
484:
477:
461:
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434:
418:pan de jamón
411:
406:pan de jamón
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261:Adolfo Ernst
258:
249:the conquest
242:
145:
144:
37:pan de jamón
35:Hallaca and
18:
4180:Roast goose
4101:Mulled wine
4081:Champurrado
4076:Apple cider
4050:Bread sauce
4003:Szaloncukor
3983:Pumpkin pie
3933:Gingerbread
3887:Smörgåsbord
3528:Other media
3366:Philippines
3356:New Zealand
3239:Twelve Days
3196:Räuchermann
3151:Nutcrackers
3101:Las Posadas
3061:Decorations
3041:Christingle
2981:Zwarte Piet
2976:Snegurochka
2897:Sinterklaas
2847:Santa Claus
2291:Schupfnudel
2168:Sacchettoni
2128:Cappelletti
2121:Piedmontese
2070:Matzah ball
1850:Kozhukkatta
1614:Pancit Molo
1413:Xiaolongbao
1338:Hujiao bing
1318:Cha siu bao
1313:Chhau-a-koe
1234:Sorrentinos
684:21 December
518:Food portal
480:Mesoamerica
330:guiso crudo
303:Preparation
263:, the word
119:alcapurrias
4244:Categories
3908:Candy cane
3857:Joulupöytä
3757:Pikkujoulu
3421:New Mexico
3270:By country
3244:Wassailing
3185:Poinsettia
2992:Traditions
2944:Mrs. Claus
2924:Belsnickel
2877:Julemanden
2872:Joulupukki
2803:Wenceslaus
2768:North Pole
2733:Jack Frost
2723:Christkind
2678:Neapolitan
2501:Boxing Day
2251:Maultasche
2216:Germknödel
2211:Dampfnudel
2178:Tortelloni
2173:Tortellini
2133:Casoncelli
2112:Agnolotti
1986:North Asia
1971:Shishbarak
1817:South Asia
1807:Curry puff
1784:Vietnamese
1684:Jalangkote
1644:Indonesian
1564:Mont baung
1501:Akashiyaki
1353:Lo mai gai
1348:Kibi dango
865:5 November
627:5 November
593:5 November
468:corn husks
453:historians
396:Traditions
111:Variations
4270:Dumplings
4195:Tourtière
4185:Romeritos
4122:Dumplings
4069:Beverages
3973:Pecan pie
3963:Panettone
3958:Pampushka
3953:Mince pie
3928:Fruitcake
3872:Réveillon
3752:NFL games
3747:NBA games
3742:In August
3712:Economics
3482:Billboard
3336:Indonesia
3279:Australia
3254:Yule goat
3229:Stockings
3163:Ornaments
2892:Père Noël
2887:Olentzero
2882:Noel Baba
2857:Ded Moroz
2813:Yule Lads
2753:Mari Lwyd
2604:Bethlehem
2481:Christmas
2377:Raspeball
2362:Kroppkaka
2357:Cepelinai
2329:Barbajuan
2306:Strapačky
2296:Shlishkes
2256:Mohnnudel
2158:Mezzelune
2138:Casunziei
2040:Colțunași
2035:Chebureki
1928:West Asia
1903:Chuchvara
1779:Cho muang
1699:Kue kochi
1649:Arem-arem
1521:Khuushuur
1493:Songpyeon
1478:Mandu-gwa
1473:Mandu-guk
1463:Jjinppang
1453:Gyeongdan
1378:Soon kueh
1323:Cifantuan
1285:East Asia
1249:Caribbean
1199:Chapalele
1112:Dumplings
849:Venezuela
414:Christmas
364:pork butt
209:Christmas
79:dough or
4228:Category
4199:meat pie
4190:Stuffing
4144:Varenyky
4013:Yule log
3988:Qurabiya
3862:Julebord
3835:Food and
3762:SantaCon
3727:El Gordo
3614:Yule Log
3386:Scotland
3299:Ethiopia
3284:Colombia
3259:Yule log
3213:Spanbaum
3190:Pyramids
3056:Crackers
2954:Sack Man
2840:folklore
2808:Yule cat
2713:Badalisc
2703:folklore
2614:Epiphany
2372:Pitepalt
2261:Pampuchy
2143:Cjarsons
2095:Varenyky
2085:Scovardă
2080:Pirozhki
2060:Kreplach
1966:Sambusak
1951:Khinkali
1789:Bánh bao
1774:Thailand
1729:Nagasari
1704:Kue putu
1674:Chai kue
1594:Empanada
1584:Bibingka
1579:Filipino
1443:Eo-mandu
1423:Zhaliang
1398:Tangyuan
1363:Qingtuan
1262:Pasteles
1229:Pantruca
1209:Empanada
1161:Knoephla
903:Fox News
531:Pasteles
504:See also
464:plantain
383:plantain
233:pastelle
217:consommé
115:Pasteles
77:cornmeal
59:Dumpling
4134:Pierogi
4129:Hallaca
4034:Borscht
3998:Stollen
3968:Pavlova
3943:Makówki
3923:Cozonac
3892:Wigilia
3777:Scrooge
3737:In July
3635:society
3567:Poetry
3401:Ukraine
3376:Romania
3341:Ireland
3331:Iceland
3326:Hungary
3314:Germany
3304:Finland
3294:England
3289:Denmark
3249:Windows
3180:Piñatas
3168:Parades
3121:Markets
3106:Letters
3096:Hampers
2939:Krampus
2778:Perchta
2718:Caganer
2434:Dim sim
2408:Sambusa
2334:Rissole
2271:Pierogi
2266:Pickert
2246:Kopytka
2221:Halušky
2163:Ravioli
2148:Gnocchi
2075:Pelmeni
2045:Halušky
1994:Pelmeni
1961:Qatayef
1845:Hoentay
1769:Timphan
1749:Risoles
1739:Pangsit
1689:Karipap
1664:Batagor
1654:Bakcang
1559:Burmese
1531:Nikuman
1483:Pyeonsu
1458:Hoppang
1438:Bukkumi
1418:Yau gok
1393:Tangbao
1333:Har gow
1328:Fun guo
1303:Bah-oân
1293:Chinese
1224:Pamonha
1219:Nuegado
1214:Hallaca
1204:Corunda
1166:Manapua
1062:hallaca
1058:hallaca
938:infobae
536:Tamales
430:humitas
379:annatto
368:sofrito
360:cassava
341:Curaçao
293:hallaca
265:hallaca
239:Origins
229:annatto
193:raisins
189:chicken
165:raisins
146:Hallaca
97:raisins
93:chicken
81:cassava
49:guanime
23:Hallaca
4205:Turkey
4139:Tamale
4096:Kissel
4086:Eggnog
4043:Sauces
4029:Menudo
4008:Turrón
3918:Cookie
3901:Sweets
3867:Kūčios
3848:Dinner
3722:Grinch
3633:modern
3600:Tomten
3559:Santa,
3542:novels
3460:Operas
3448:Carols
3416:Hawaii
3396:Sweden
3391:Serbia
3381:Russia
3371:Poland
3361:Norway
3351:Mexico
3309:France
3224:Stamps
3219:Szopka
3111:Lights
3066:Didukh
2902:Others
2852:Befana
2798:Vertep
2661:in art
2629:Joseph
2579:Advent
2403:Kenkey
2241:Knödel
2236:Knedle
2231:Kluski
2206:Capuns
2116:Pavese
1999:Pyanse
1956:Kubbeh
1946:Hingel
1885:Yomari
1880:Samosa
1870:Nevryo
1855:Lukhmi
1835:Gujhia
1830:Aushak
1764:Siomay
1744:Pastel
1734:Panada
1719:Lemper
1714:Lemang
1694:Klepon
1669:Burasa
1659:Bakpau
1639:Siopao
1634:Shumai
1629:Samosa
1619:Paowaw
1589:Binaki
1541:Suiton
1488:Sujebi
1433:Korean
1428:Zongzi
1408:Wonton
1383:Shumai
1358:Mantou
1343:Jiaozi
1257:Ducana
1239:Tamale
1176:Rivels
1060:.asp "
856:
787:
760:
661:
618:
584:
526:Bollos
449:tamale
375:arepas
356:hayaca
352:hayaca
322:panela
289:hayaca
281:ayuaca
223:, and
201:olives
199:, and
197:capers
173:olives
169:capers
128:
105:olives
101:capers
3938:Kutia
3837:drink
3465:Songs
3439:Music
3346:Italy
3202:Seals
3156:dolls
3086:Gifts
3026:Cards
2929:Elves
2793:Turoń
2763:Nisse
2728:Grýla
2624:Jesus
2311:Uszka
2153:Gnudi
2090:Uszka
2065:Mataz
2055:Knish
1941:Gürzə
1936:Gondi
1918:Samsa
1913:Orama
1908:Manti
1860:Modak
1840:Gulha
1803:Other
1724:Lepet
1679:Cilok
1609:Moche
1599:Mache
1536:Oyaki
1516:Gyōza
1511:Dango
1497:Other
1468:Mandu
1308:Baozi
707:9news
552:Notes
457:chefs
387:guiso
337:Aruba
318:leeks
285:ayaca
277:ayuar
221:broth
187:, or
177:bacon
4160:Carp
4022:Soup
3913:Cake
3824:Xmas
3453:list
3234:Tree
3173:list
2634:Mary
2543:Yule
2367:Palt
2276:Pyzy
1865:Momo
1604:Masi
1506:Buuz
1040:2023
1032:Meer
1013:2023
979:2023
946:2023
867:2016
854:ISBN
785:ISBN
758:ISBN
686:2020
659:ISBN
629:2016
616:ISBN
595:2016
582:ISBN
455:and
339:and
273:ayua
255:Name
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185:pork
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