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Halloween costume

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All Souls' Day would have emphasized visitations from the spirit world over the motifs of spirites and fairies. ... The baking and allowing them to go door to door to collect them in exchange for praying for the dead (a practice called souling), often carrying lanterns made of hollowed-out turnips. Around the 16th century, the practice of going house to house in disguise (a practice called guising) to ask for food began and was often accompanied by recitation of traditional verses (a practice called mumming). Wearing costumes, another tradition, has many possible explanations, such as it was done to confuse the spirits or souls who visited the earth or who rose from local graveyards to engage in what was called a Danse Macabre, basically a large party among the dead.
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economy has caused many Americans to cut back on Halloween spending. In 2009, the National Retail Federation anticipated that American households would decrease Halloween spending by as much as 15% to $ 56.31. In 2013, Americans spent an estimated $ 6.9 billion to celebrate Halloween, including a predicted $ 2.6 billion on costumes (with more spent on adult costumes than for children's costumes) and $ 330 million on pet costumes. In 2017, it was estimated that Americans would spend $ 9.1 billion on Halloween merchandise with $ 3.4 billion of that towards Halloween costumes. Another survey by
75: 90: 816: 1015: 953:– either as representatives of the dead or in return for saying prayers for them. One 19th-century English writer said it "used to consist of parties of children, dressed up in fantastic costume, who went round to the farmhouses and cottages, singing a song, and begging for cakes (spoken of as "Soal-cakes"), apples, money, or anything that the good wives would give them". The soulers typically asked for "mercy on all Christian souls for a soul cake". 1128: 926:) led youths house-to-house reciting verses—some of which had pagan overtones—in exchange for food. If the household donated food it could expect good fortune from the 'Muck Olla'; not doing so would bring misfortune. In 19th century England, youths went house-to-house with masked, painted, or blackened faces, often threatening to do mischief if they were not welcomed. In parts of Wales, men went about dressed as fearsome beings called 1207: 2838: 1088:. There are also costumes of pop culture figures like presidents, athletes, celebrities, or characters in film, television, literature, etc. Another popular trend is for women (and, in some cases, men) to use Halloween as an excuse to wear sexy or revealing costumes, showing off more skin than would be socially acceptable otherwise. Young girls often dress as entirely non-scary characters for Halloween, including 4914: 1136: 2347: 151: 1552:. Man & Culture, 2002. p.108. Quote: "Soul cakes were small cakes baked as food for the deceased or offered for the salvation of their souls. They were therefore offered at funerals and feasts of the dead, laid on graves, or given to the poor as representatives of the dead. The baking of these soul cakes is a universal practice". 1112: 25: 913:, or the souls of the dead, and received offerings on their behalf. Impersonating these beings, or wearing a disguise, was also believed to protect oneself from them. It is suggested that the mummers and guisers "personify the old spirits of the winter, who demanded reward in exchange for good fortune". 1782:
On the other hand the postmodern phenomenon of "antifashion" is also to be found in some Halloween costumes. Black and orange are a 'must' with many costumes. Halloween - like the medieval danse macabre - is closely connected with superstitions and it might be a way of dealing with death in a playful
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On the other hand the postmodern phenomenon of "antifashion" is also to be found in some Halloween costumes. Black and orange are a 'must' with many costumes. Halloween – like the medieval danse macabre – is closely connected with superstitions and it might be a way of dealing with death in a playful
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Since the 16th century, costumes have become a central part of Halloween traditions. Perhaps the most common traditional Halloween costume is that of the ghost. This is likely because ... when Halloween customs began to be influenced by Catholicism, the incorporation of the themes of All Hallows' and
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in the United States and found that 53.3% of consumers planned to buy a costume for Halloween 2005, spending $ 38.11 on average (up $ 10 from the year before). They were also expected to spend $ 4.96 billion in 2006, up significantly from just $ 3.3 billion the previous year. The troubled
963:(1593). Christian minister Prince Sorie Conteh wrote on the wearing of costumes: "It was traditionally believed that the souls of the departed wandered the earth until All Saints' Day, and All Hallows' Eve provided one last chance for the dead to gain vengeance on their enemies before moving to the 1347:
Another contributor to the custom of dressing up at Halloween was the old Irish practice of marking All Hallows' Day with religious pageants that recounted biblical events. These were common during the Middle Ages all across Europe. The featured players dressed as saints and angels, but there were
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Later, it became the custom for poorer Christians to offer prayers for the dead, in return for money or food (soul cakes) from their wealthier neighbours. People would go 'souling' - rather like carol singing - requesting alms or soul cakes: 'A soul, a soul, a soul cake, Please to give us a soul
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morality. Halloween was made into a private rather than public holiday, celebrations involving liquor and sensuality de-emphasized, and only children were expected to celebrate the festival. Early Halloween costumes emphasized the gothic nature of Halloween and were aimed primarily at children.
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Halloween costumes can also generate controversy through the overt sexualization of many women's costumes, even those intended for young girls. While costumes of various occupations like student, police officer, academia, clergy, or nursing do exist for men, they are often at least relatively
2203:"The staff member who won the “most original costume” prize wore a dreadlock wig, what looked like a prison jumpsuit and black face paint. “I’m a Jamaican detainee from Krome — obviously, I’ve escaped,” the employee, referring to a detention center in Miami, announced to the judges..." 934:. Elsewhere in Europe, mumming and costumes were part of other yearly festivals. However, in the Celtic-speaking regions, they were "particularly appropriate to a night upon which supernatural beings were said to be abroad and could be imitated or warded off by human wanderers". 1203:
accurate to the clothing a man employed in any of the fields would wear. Costumes for women are often far from what would be considered accurate of the clothing worn by women in those fields and focus on the sexualization of the wearer and often the concept portrayed.
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generally take place on or around October 31, often on the Friday or Saturday before the holiday. Halloween parties are the 3rd most popular party type held in the United States, falling behind only to Super Bowl and New Year's Eve parties.
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reported children going "guising" around the neighborhood. In 19th century America, Halloween was often celebrated with costume parades and "licentious revelries." However, efforts were made to "domesticate" the festival to conform with
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suggests the ancient pagan festival included people wearing masks or costumes to represent the spirits, and that faces were marked (or blackened) with ashes taken from the sacred bonfire. In parts of southern Ireland, a man dressed as a
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Sometimes enacted as at village pageants, the danse macabre was also performed as court masques, the courtiers dressing up as corpses from various strata of society...both the name and the observance began liturgically as All Hallows'
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Sometimes enacted as at village pageants, the danse macabre was also performed as court masques, the courtiers dressing up as corpses from various strata of society...both the name and the observance began liturgically as All Hallows'
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Halloween costumes in the contemporary Western world sometimes depict people and things from present times and are sometimes read in terms of their political and cultural significance. Halloween costumes are sometimes denounced for
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also plenty of roles for demons who had more fun, capering, acting devilish, and playing to the crows. The pageant began inside the church, then moved by procession to the churchyard, where it continued long into the night.
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The fun, enjoyable festivities of wearing costumes on Halloween were believed to be from the idea that paranormal beings and souls from the underworld drifted the earth at this time. The practice may have originated in a
1942: 705: 2288:"Halloween As a Consumption Experience", in NA - Advances in Consumer Research, Volume 19, eds. John F. Sherry, Jr. and Brian Sternthal, Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 219-228. 2158: 909:, which involved people going house-to-house in costume (or in disguise), usually reciting verses or songs in exchange for food. It may have originally been a tradition whereby people impersonated the 975:
were paraded through the streets at Allhallowtide. Some churches that could not afford these things had people dress as saints instead. Some believers continue the practice of dressing as saints,
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is also suggested as the origin of dressing up on Halloween. Dressing up is not strictly restricted to Halloween among Christians, with similar practices being observed on holidays like
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showed that 67% of Halloween shoppers would buy Halloween costumes, spending $ 3.2 billion in 2019. It was estimated that the Halloween spending in 2022 would reach $ 10.6 billion.
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The begging ritual, taken up by nonindigents and by children, involved the recitation of a souling rhyme, which typically requested "mercy on all Christian souls for a soul cake."
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Halloween costumes are traditionally based on frightening supernatural or folkloric beings. However, by the 1930s, costumes based on characters from mass media such as
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in the 5th century, some of these customs may have been retained in the Christian observance of All Hallows' Eve in that region—which continued to be called
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Costumes were also made at home or using items (such as make-up) that could be purchased and utilized to create a costume. But in the 1930s, A.S. Fishbach,
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Denny, Dann. "Adults go for sexy or funny looks on Halloween." Herald-Times, (Bloomington, IN) 28 Oct. 2010: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 9 Feb. 2013.
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Nelson, Adie. "The Pink Dragon Is Female." Psychology Of Women Quarterly 24.2 (2000): 137. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Feb. 2013.
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Dowling, Melissa. "Sexy Sells Halloween Costumes." Multichannel Merchant 6.10 (2010): 56. Business Source Complete. Web. 9 Feb. 2013.
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Celebrating Ethnicity and Nation: American Festive Culture From the Revolution to the Early Twentieth Century.
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Halloween Costumes." Journal of Psychology 127.6 (1993): 633. Business Source Complete. Web. 9 Feb. 2013.
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The custom of guising at Halloween in North America was first recorded in 1911, when a newspaper in
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Seltzer, Sarah. "Embracing Our Inner Monsters." The New York Times 28 Oct. 2012: n. pag. Print.
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It has also been suggested that the wearing of Halloween costumes developed from the custom of
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Descriptive Analyses of Piano Works (Edward Baxter Perry), Theodore Presser Company, page 276
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Santino, Jack. "The Fantasy and Folklore of All Hallows", The American Folklife Center, 2009
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when they uncritically use stereotypical representations of other groups of people such as
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in 1585. There are many references to the custom during the 18th and 19th centuries in the
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Traditionalists, Muslims, and Christians in Africa: Interreligious Encounters and Dialogue
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Ogletree, Shirley Matile, and Larry Denton. "Age And Gender Differences In Children's
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Publications, Volume 16 (English Dialect Society), Harvard University Press, page 507
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An early 20th-century Irish Halloween mask (a "rhymer" or "vizor") displayed at the
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The Hallowed Eve: Dimensions of Culture in a Calendar Festival of Northern Ireland
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Levinson, Stacey, Stacey Mack, Dan Reinhardt, and Helen Suarez, Grace Yeh (1992)
1873:"5000+ Halloween Costumes for Kids & Adults 2018 | Oriental Trading Company" 1245: 1179: 954: 852: 847: 786: 774: 392: 316: 93:
Facial make-up as masquerade is popular on Halloween, often referring to horror
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Encyclopedia of the End: Mysterious Death in Fact, Fancy, Folklore, and More.
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festival held on 31 October to mark the beginning of winter. It was called
781:. It has been suggested that the custom comes from the Celtic festivals of 2346: 4703: 4648: 4623: 4580: 4565: 4494: 4444: 4439: 4416: 4391: 4381: 4376: 4344: 4327: 4228: 4179: 4142: 4070: 4060: 3969: 3961: 3908: 3850: 3819: 3799: 3707: 3533: 3516: 3491: 3452: 3447: 3370: 3320: 3315: 3257: 3146: 3136: 3076: 3028: 3003: 2954: 2949: 2926: 2883: 2824: 2809: 2799: 1821:
Rook, Dennis W. (Dec 1985). "The Ritual Dimension of Consumer Behavior".
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and scary beings. Costumes are traditionally those of monsters such as
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Hallowe'en: its origin, rites and ceremonies in the English tradition
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Dressed for Thrills: 100 Years of Halloween Costumes and Masquerade.
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Don't Mess Up When You Dress Up: Cultural Appropriation and Costumes
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cake, One for Peter, two for Paul, have mercy on us Christians all.'
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to ensure that the people and their livestock survived the winter.
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Lennon, Sharron J.; Zheng, Zhiying; Fatnassi, Aziz (2016-10-28).
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Youth Spirit 2 (Cheryl Perry), Wood Lake Publishing Inc., page 20
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Red Letter Days: The Christian Year in Story for Primary Assembly
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was involved in a scandal when she awarded "Best Costume" at the
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Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Volume 2
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A couple trying Halloween face masks at a costume store in Iowa
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An early reference to wearing costumes on Halloween comes from
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in parts of Western Europe from at least the 15th century. At
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Halloween party to an 'escaped Jamaican prisoner' dressed in
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Lherm, Adrien. "Halloween — A 'Reinvented' Holiday." In
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Pulliam, June; Fonseca, Anthony J. (26 September 2016).
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Deborah Noyes, ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2008.
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From at least the 16th century, the festival included
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Geneviève Fabre, ed. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001.
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Grannis, Kathy; Scott Krugman (September 20, 2006).
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in Halloween celebrations today. Many Christians in
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(1 January 1995). 930:, while in some places, young people 793:" during the Christian observance of 97:or various characters from movies or 7: 1570:. Oxford University Press. pp.  1401:. University Press of Kentucky, p.95 1310:from the original on 23 April 2016. 1266:Ghosts in Popular Culture and Legend 1210:Woman dressed up for Halloween, 2019 1007:was enacted at village pageants and 341:Faubourg Marigny Mardi Gras costumes 16:Costumes worn on or around Halloween 4876:Global trade of secondhand clothing 1853:from the original on April 26, 2019 993:, which has often been depicted in 957:mentioned the practice in his play 721:Scotland National Museum of Costume 681:Centre National du Costume de Scene 1978:. October 14, 2013. Archived from 1949:. October 29, 2009. Archived from 1943:"Halloween - Retail Horror Story?" 1770:. LIT Verlag MĂĽnster. p. 99. 1364:. LIT Verlag MĂĽnster. p. 99. 344:French Quarter Mardi Gras costumes 182:Use of costume in Athenian tragedy 14: 1423:. 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Albyn Press, 1970. pp.29–31 1148:Researchers surveyed for the 811:History of Halloween costumes 1824:Journal of Consumer Research 1662:Prince Sorie Conteh (2009). 1388:"Halloween," 2008, p. 63-64. 1018:People in Halloween Costumes 639:Costume Designers Guild (TV) 2303:Women and Religious Ritual. 1650:The Two Gentlemen of Verona 1115:Child in a plain white mask 960:The Two Gentlemen of Verona 870:Christianization of Ireland 789:, or from the practice of " 4964: 4886:List of individual dresses 2519:Lighting candles on graves 2128:magazine, 25 October 2011. 2032:National Retail Federation 1766:Hörandner, Editha (2005). 1360:Hörandner, Editha (2005). 1150:National Retail Federation 997:. An article published by 663:Category:Costume designers 4909: 3956: 2890: 2833: 2512:Connecticut field pumpkin 2232:10.1186/s40691-016-0073-x 1827:(Univ. of Chicago Press) 1562:Rogers, Nicholas (2001). 941:, which was practiced by 2028:"Halloween Headquarters" 2004:. Newsone. Jun 6, 2014. 1472:. Hutchinson, 1976. p.91 1080:-inspired characters as 686:Costume Museum of Canada 2086:"Halloween Data Center" 1877:www.orientaltrading.com 1539:Rogers, 2002, p. 24-26. 691:Kastoria Costume Museum 544:Costume Designers Guild 4891:Reconstructed clothing 2711:Veneration of the Dead 1604:Santino, Jack (1994). 1481:Peddle, S. V. (2007). 1328:The Halloween Handbook 1211: 1168:cultural appropriation 1140: 1132: 1116: 1019: 824: 821:Museum of Country Life 388:Dead-character costume 237:World Costume Festival 101: 86: 78:Bartenders dressed as 2444:Christian observances 2261:40:5 (November 1895). 1209: 1138: 1130: 1114: 1017: 818: 443:Plague doctor costume 92: 77: 4832:Environmental impact 2700:Parade of Lost Souls 2651:Festival of the Dead 2354:at Wikimedia Commons 2301:Northrup, Lesley A. 2267:A Witch's Halloween. 2219:Fashion and Textiles 1803:Lherm, 2001, p. 194. 1751:. 1999. p. 12. 1470:British Folk Customs 1435:McNeill, F. Marian. 1419:Monaghan, Patricia. 1306:. 1999. p. 12. 584:Africa Movie Academy 280:Elements and methods 177:Costume coordination 82:during Halloween in 4943:Halloween practices 4919:Clothing portal 2843:Category: Halloween 2628:Treehouse of Horror 2524:Prayer for the dead 2113:Kjerstin Johnson, " 1982:on October 14, 2013 1902:Wall Street Journal 1744:Books & Culture 1325:Morrow, Ed (2001). 624:National Film Award 200:Society and culture 187:Wardrobe supervisor 137:Part of a series on 2555:Haunted attraction 2352:Halloween costumes 2331:Galembo, Phyllis. 2314:Rogers, Nicholas. 2120:2015-06-29 at the 1847:The New York Times 1749:Christianity Today 1640:Hutton, pp.374-375 1497:. 1855. pp.308-309 1459:Hutton, pp.380-382 1304:Christianity Today 1212: 1141: 1133: 1117: 1020: 1000:Christianity Today 985:continental Europe 825: 604:David di Donatello 373:Costumed performer 312:Inflatable costume 105:Halloween costumes 102: 87: 42:You can assist by 4938:Halloween costume 4925: 4924: 4896:Right to clothing 4820:Halloween costume 4788: 4787: 4763:black lounge suit 4363: 4362: 4163: 4162: 3937: 3936: 3716: 3715: 2850: 2849: 2743: 2742: 2720:Death anniversary 2685:Qingming Festival 2460:Trick-or-treating 2350:Media related to 2265:Dunwich, Gerina. 1468:Hole, Christina. 1024:Kingston, Ontario 995:church decoration 915:F. Marian McNeill 759: 758: 348:Halloween costume 72: 71: 64: 4955: 4917: 4916: 4901:Vintage clothing 4729: 4674:Pocket protector 3958: 3954: 3914:Bodysuit, infant 3805: 3586:formal, informal 3581: 3421:Ceremonial dress 2877: 2870: 2863: 2854: 2845: 2840: 2839: 2712: 2652: 2646: 2567:Pumpkin festival 2405: 2396: 2387: 2380: 2373: 2364: 2349: 2278:"Halloween." 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figures 767:Celtic countries 751: 744: 737: 569:Laurence Olivier 307:Illusion costume 262:Costume designer 153: 134: 67: 60: 56: 53: 47: 27: 26: 19: 4963: 4962: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4928: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4911: 4905: 4847:made-to-measure 4800:Clothing fetish 4784: 4718: 4590: 4547: 4489: 4465:Square leg suit 4411: 4387:Blanket sleeper 4359: 4350:Sleeved blanket 4159: 4082: 3947: 3945: 3933: 3909:Bodysuit, adult 3897: 3829: 3797: 3789: 3712: 3666: 3585: 3573: 3565: 3411: 3402: 3252: 3113: 3047:Clerical collar 3023: 2921: 2920: 2886: 2881: 2851: 2846: 2835: 2829: 2760:All Saints' Day 2739: 2710: 2704: 2650: 2641: 2635: 2578: 2538: 2502:Jack-o'-lantern 2448: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2342: 2328: 2326:Further reading 2253: 2248: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2167: 2165: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2122:Wayback Machine 2112: 2108: 2099: 2097: 2084: 2083: 2079: 2070: 2068: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2041: 2039: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2011: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1995: 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4741:Formal 4709:Wallet 4664:Livery 4644:Gloves 4586:Tights 4571:Garter 4528:Sandal 4480:Trunks 4425:Bikini 4318:Poncho 4303:Jerkin 4296:safari 4271:goggle 4266:flight 4256:Jacket 4241:Coatee 4214:Mantle 4131:sports 4121:Blazer 4039:Ulster 4034:Trench 4022:Riding 3990:Duster 3985:Duffel 3980:Covert 3891:briefs 3841:Diaper 3834:Bottom 3770:Sarong 3755:Pencil 3730:A-line 3722:Skirts 3693:Sheath 3683:Jumper 3671:Casual 3559:scrubs 3549:hazmat 3529:Prison 3524:School 3485:combat 3478:sailor 3346:Shorts 3291:Formal 3221:jersey 3216:hoodie 3179:Henley 3164:Mantle 3127:Blouse 3109:Tippet 3092:school 3087:kipper 3042:Choker 3014:Turban 2994:Helmet 2977:fedora 2972:bowler 2967:boater 2841:  2780:Dziady 2735:Yizkor 2642:events 2605:albums 2543:Events 2239:  1774:  1682:  1614:  1578:  1519:  1485:. p.54 1368:  1339:  1276:  1198:Sexism 1104:, and 1098:angels 1082:aliens 1074:devils 1070:trolls 1054:ghosts 979:, and 969:relics 911:Aos SĂ­ 892:Aos SĂ­ 887:Aos SĂ­ 864:, and 850:, and 830:Celtic 777:, and 657:People 629:Robert 562:Awards 436:Period 322:Zentai 250:Design 232:Parade 222:Masque 80:Ghouls 4864:types 4714:Watch 4689:Spats 4460:Sling 4340:Shawl 4313:Parka 4251:Gilet 4224:royal 4175:Apron 4168:Other 4148:dress 4104:rekel 4049:opera 4044:Cloak 4012:Greca 3943:Coats 3929:Teddy 3871:Thong 3775:Skort 3745:Men's 3740:Denim 3678:House 3637:Plain 3576:gowns 3554:space 3431:court 3408:Suits 3311:Jeans 3286:Chaps 3281:Cargo 3276:Capri 3231:shrug 3174:dress 3169:Shirt 3159:Kurta 3104:Scarf 3097:stock 3072:ascot 3037:Bands 2935:Beret 2795:Kekri 2610:songs 2600:Music 2595:Films 2590:Books 2583:Media 2475:Cards 2126:Bitch 1574:–30. 884:(the 858:Wales 779:Wales 599:CĂ©sar 589:BAFTA 574:AACTA 4881:Laws 4684:Sash 4669:Muff 4609:Belt 4561:Sock 4533:Shoe 4503:Boot 4323:Robe 4261:down 4197:Cape 4136:Teba 4066:Polo 3902:Full 3866:Slip 3798:and 3785:Wrap 3780:Tutu 3703:Slip 3662:Wrap 3574:and 3468:mess 3463:full 3443:Folk 3341:Phat 3184:polo 3119:Tops 3077:bolo 3019:Veil 3009:Mask 2999:Hood 2955:knit 2950:flat 2485:cake 2480:Food 2237:ISSN 2014:2014 1988:2014 1929:2006 1859:2017 1783:way. 1772:ISBN 1754:Eve. 1693:2011 1680:ISBN 1625:2015 1612:ISBN 1576:ISBN 1517:ISBN 1377:way. 1366:ISBN 1337:ISBN 1313:Eve. 1274:ISBN 1190:and 1174:and 1084:and 905:and 785:and 775:Mann 619:IIFA 125:film 107:are 4061:Pea 3970:Car 3946:and 3815:Bra 3808:Top 3410:and 3366:gym 3082:bow 2987:top 2962:Hat 2940:Cap 2227:doi 2124:", 2090:NRF 2061:NRF 1676:132 1184:ICE 1155:NRF 971:of 856:in 838:in 4934:: 2235:. 2221:. 2217:. 2190:. 2186:. 2161:. 2092:. 2088:. 2063:. 2059:. 2030:. 1974:. 1945:. 1879:. 1875:. 1849:. 1845:. 1829:12 1780:. 1747:. 1678:. 1670:. 1627:. 1572:28 1525:. 1511:. 1444:^ 1428:^ 1374:. 1345:. 1335:. 1333:19 1302:. 1282:. 1268:. 1194:. 1108:. 1096:, 1092:, 1072:, 1068:, 1064:, 1060:, 1056:, 1052:, 1048:, 1044:, 860:, 842:, 807:. 773:, 127:, 3194:T 2876:e 2869:t 2862:v 2386:e 2379:t 2372:v 2243:. 2229:: 2223:3 2201:. 2171:. 2103:. 2074:. 2045:. 2016:. 1990:. 1960:. 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Index

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Ghouls
Budapest

archetypes
TV shows
costumes
Halloween
film
literature
Costume

History
Industry
Costume coordination
Use of costume in Athenian tragedy
Wardrobe supervisor
Fursuit
Cosplay
Costume party
Masque
Masquerade ball
Parade
World Costume Festival
Costume design
Costume designer
Spirit gum

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