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144:(1395–1399) is a fine example of a hammerbeam roof. The span of Westminster Hall is 20.8 metres (68 ft. 4 in.), and the opening between the ends of the hammer beams 7.77 metres (25 ft. 6 in). The height from the paving of the hall to the hammerbeam is 12.19 m (40 ft.), and to the underside of the collar beam 19.35 metres (63 ft. 6 in.), so that an additional height in the centre of 7.16 m (23 ft. 6 in.) has been gained. In order to give greater strength to the framing, a large
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spanning the entire width of the roof, short beams – the hammer beams – are supported by curved braces from the wall, and hammer posts or arch-braces are built on top to support the rafters and typically a collar beam. The hammerbeam truss exerts considerable thrust on the walls or posts
195:, structural loads from the roof had caused the walls of the hall to deflect outwards. To ensure that the ridge of the roof would be level and straight, the trusses were each made with a slightly different pitch and span. The restoration started in 1991 and was completed in 1999.
256:
construction; the hammerbeam style elements are purely decorative. The hammer posts and brackets support nothing, as all the weight of the roof is braced and supported by the massive side walls via the main timber ribs of the roof and the pillars inside the train shed.
167:. There are also numerous examples of smaller dimensions in churches throughout England, particularly in the eastern counties. The ends of the hammerbeams are usually decorated with winged angels holding shields; the curved braces and beams are richly moulded, and the
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in the larger examples filled in with tracery, as can be seen in
Westminster Hall. Sometimes, but rarely, the collar beam is similarly treated, or cut through and supported by additional curved braces, as in the hall of the
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58:
land, essentially a tie beam which has the middle cut out. These short beams are called hammer-beams and give this truss its name. A hammerbeam roof can have a single, double or false hammerbeam truss.
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piece of timber is carried across the hall, rising from the bottom of the wall piece to the centre of the collar beam, the latter also supported by curved braces rising from the end of the hammerbeam.
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A roof with one pair of hammer beams is a single hammerbeam roof. Some roofs have a second pair of hammer beams and are called double hammerbeam roofs (truss).
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that support it. Hammerbeam roofs can be highly decorated including ornamented pendants and corbels, with church roofs often including carved angels.
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486:
Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki
Jokiniemi. Dictionary of architecture and building construction. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Architectural Press, 2008. 144.
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Illustration of a single hammer-beam truss. The collar-braces (c) join to the hammer posts on the bottom and collar beam on top. Chambers 1908
953:
693:
872:
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Sharpe, Geoffrey R.. Historic
English churches a guide to their construction, design and features. London: I.B. Tauris, 2011. 111. fig. 61.
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trees was used to fabricate and erect 57 hammerbeam trusses spanning approximately 15 metres. Since its construction around 1502 by King
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It is incorrectly believed by some that the widest hammerbeam roof in
England at 72 ft (22 m) wide is in the train shed at
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Alcock, N. W.. Recording timber-framed buildings: an illustrated glossary. London: Council for
British Archaeology, 1989.
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71:, allowing a hammerbeam roof to span greater than the length of any individual piece of timber. In place of a normal
237:, designed by Giles Downe and completed in 1997. This replaced the previous flatter roof which was destroyed in the
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and has been called "...the most spectacular endeavour of the
English Medieval carpenter". They are traditionally
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Possibly the earliest hammer-beamed building still standing in
England, built in about 1310 and located in
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Buchanan, R. A.. Brunel: the life and times of
Isambard Kingdom Brunel. London: Continuum, 2006. 74.
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The hammer beam joins into the hammer post, instead of the hammer post landing on the hammer beam.
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A spectacular modern example of a hammer-beam roof is the new Gothic roof of St George's Hall at
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The hammerbeam elements in
Bristol's Temple Meads station are purely decorative, not structural.
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There is no hammer post on the hammer beam as sometimes found in a type of arch-brace truss; or
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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The ornamented pendants in the Great Hall of the Wills
Memorial Building (
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577:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 897.
530:. New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale University Press Pub., 2010. 621.
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English Royal Carpentry in the Late Middle Ages: The Hammer-beam Roof
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Other important examples of hammerbeam roofs exist over the halls of
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Recently, as part of an extensive restoration project undertaken by
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Dictionary of French Architecture from the 11th to the 16th Century
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682:
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The medieval English domestic timber roof: a handbook of types
415:), completed in 1925, bombed in 1940 and restored in the 1960s
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The Buildings of England: Hampshire: Winchester and the North
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The restored new single hammerbeam roof in the Great Hall at
659:
Matthew Rice, Rice's Architectural Primer, Bloomsbury, 2009
54:, using short beams projecting from the wall on which the
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Bullen, M., Crook, J., Hubbuck, R., and Pevsner, N.,
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A false hammerbeam roof (truss) has two definitions:
391:
1870 arch-braced hammerbeam roof by Mallinson &
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470:Kidder, F. E. (1906). "21. The Hammer-Beam Truss".
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344:A false hammerbeam roof in the Great Hall of
8:
650:states it is a "...mock-hammer-beam roof..."
517:. London: Ferndale Editions, 1980, 1965. 319
301:Single hammerbeam ceiling, carved in oak by
187:was completely restored. Green oak from 350
430:'s ornate hammerbeam roof in the Great Hall
183:, the hammerbeam roof of the Great Hall at
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133:Close, is the Pilgrims' Hall, now part of
114:Westminster Hall in the early 19th century
473:Building Construction And Superintendence
675:. University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1979.
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307:St. Mary – St. Catherine of Siena Parish
252:. In fact, the station roof uses modern
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321:A false hammerbeam roof, Angel's roof,
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7:
246:Bristol Temple Meads railway station
87:hall and its double-hammerbeam roof
460:Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed.
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451:. New York u.a.: Lang, 1987. 163.
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372:A false hammer-beam roof in the
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285:Hammerbeam used inside a modern
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222:in Moray, and the Great Hall of
202:in Edinburgh, the Great Hall in
589:"CTE - Great Timber Creations"
1:
395:at the Church of St Thomas,
309:, Charlestown, Massachusetts
122:A modern hammerbeam roof at
515:The English Mediaeval House
67:A hammer-beam is a form of
48:English Gothic architecture
27:Type of English Gothic roof
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198:Other examples are in the
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893:National Trust properties
810:
1027:English landscape garden
622:. London: Studio Vista.
239:1992 Windsor Castle fire
1067:Timber framed buildings
710:Architecture of England
671:Lynn Towery Courtenay,
574:Encyclopædia Britannica
250:Isambard Kingdom Brunel
779:Strawberry Hill Gothic
618:Burrough, THB (1970).
476:. William T. Comstock.
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42:is a decorative, open
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413:University of Bristol
378:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
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873:Renaissance theatres
853:Round-tower churches
210:, the Great Hall of
193:James IV of Scotland
135:The Pilgrims' School
131:Winchester Cathedral
843:Medieval cathedrals
838:Abbeys and priories
447:Bismanis, Maija R.
208:New College, Oxford
1002:Dartmoor longhouse
997:Wealden hall house
218:the Great Hall of
216:Dorchester, Dorset
212:Athelhampton House
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959:Brighton and Hove
848:Former cathedrals
799:Bristol Byzantine
181:Historic Scotland
69:timber roof truss
44:timber roof truss
16:(Redirected from
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878:Listed buildings
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142:Westminster Hall
83:Interior of the
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666:Further reading
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599:on 9 April 2006
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567:, ed. (1911). "
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271:Stirling Castle
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224:Dartington Hall
220:Darnaway Castle
200:Parliament Hall
185:Stirling Castle
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601:. Retrieved
597:the original
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140:The roof of
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913:Lighthouses
868:Hall houses
749:Elizabethan
729:Saxo-Norman
724:Anglo-Saxon
46:typical of
18:Hammer-beam
1056:Categories
1012:Bath stone
989:Oast house
944:Manchester
934:Birmingham
825:structures
789:Jacobethan
769:Queen Anne
648:1852855258
603:13 January
436:References
376:(1856) by
348:, England.
254:cantilever
189:Perthshire
176:, London.
1022:Flushwork
974:Almshouse
969:Fan vault
939:Liverpool
898:Windmills
804:Brutalist
794:Edwardian
784:Victorian
289:residence
169:spandrels
1043:Category
908:Stadiums
774:Georgian
759:Carolean
754:Jacobean
165:Stamford
106:Examples
73:tie beam
954:Bristol
883:Museums
833:Castles
620:Bristol
562::
331:Suffolk
56:rafters
992:(cowl)
929:London
734:Norman
717:Styles
646:
626:
556:
534:
393:Barber
228:Totnes
157:Eltham
146:arched
63:Design
1062:Roofs
922:Other
744:Tudor
163:near
949:Bath
644:ISBN
624:ISBN
605:2022
532:ISBN
155:and
571:".
305:at
248:by
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