42:
1815:
416:(a town near Trichy in southern Tamil Nadu), the centre of the southern Sri Vaishnavas. He died at Srirangam in 1370, having returned to the city after its re-capture by Hindus following a Muslim sack. Vedanta Desika's intent of writing such a poem was to attract readers of Sanskrit literature towards Sri Vaishnava philosophy by using this poem as a medium of introducing Sri Vaishnava concepts in the poem.
1350:
495:('messenger poem') genre is one of the best defined in Indian literature. There are about 55 messenger poems in Sanskrit, plus others written in vernacular tongues. These span India chronologically, topographically and ideologically: there are Muslim and Christian messenger poems, and poets are still composing these poems today. Each follows Kalidasa's
362:
Vedanta Desika was born in 1269 CE. One popular story about his birth and childhood runs as follows: His devout parents were childless. One day they were visited in two separate but simultaneous dreams in which they were instructed to go to
Tirupati, an important pilgrimage spot in south India,
307:
is extensive and transparently deliberate; his poem is a response to one of India's most famous poems by its most celebrated poet. Vedanta Desika's debt to Valmīki is perhaps more pervasive but less obvious, and possibly less deliberate too. Where the poet consciously plays with
Kalidasa's verse, he
476:
is a "goose, gander, swan, flamingo, or other aquatic bird" and he notes that it can refer to a poetical or mythical bird. Although popularly thought of as a swan, particularly in modern India, ornithologists have noted that swans do not, and never have, existed in the Indian avifauna, and
Western
618:
The
Alagiya-Sandesha was written during the medieval literary resurgence, long after the classical heyday of Sanskrit literature, and falls into the category of post-1000 CE regional Sanskrit literature. Such literature tended to enjoy less national recognition than its predecessors and in
428:. The first half, of 60 stanzas, describes how Rama sights and engages the swan as his messenger, and then describes to the swan the route he should take and the many places – primarily holy spots - he ought to stop on the way. The second part begins in Lanka where the poet introduces us to the
438:
tree beneath which she sits, and finally Sita herself in a string of verses. The actual message to Sita consists of only 16 verses, after which Rama dismisses the swan and the narrator completes the story of the
Ramayana. The poem ends with an autobiographical note by the poet.
509:('feeling of love'). And they adhere to a bipartite structure in which the first half charts the journey the messenger is to follow, while the second describes the messenger's destination, the recipient and the message itself.
634:, or on its religious and philosophical significance. Modern Western scholarship on the poem and its author includes books and articles by Stephen P Hopkins, and by Yigal Bronner and David Shulman.
533:('slowly advancing') metre which is thought to be suitable for the love-in-separation theme. The specifications of this metre are encapsulated in the following line (which is itself set to the
312:
more as a much-cherished story. Nevertheless, he is clearly as familiar with the details of
Valmiki's poem as with Kalidasa's, and he echoes very specific images and details from the epic.
570:
metre has a natural break after the first four syllables and then after the next six, with the last seven syllables as one group. It is further defined as containing several different
375:(bell). The next day the temple bell was missing and the chief priest, who had also had a visitation, celebrated the imminent birth of a child sent by the lord. Twelve years later,
1196:
41:
1154:
1070:
1189:
2496:
499:
to a greater or lesser extent. They involve two separated lovers, one of who sends the other a message, and thus are designed to evoke the
1712:
397:"). A talented child, he amazed the senior priests at the age of five and proclaimed that he had learnt all there was to know by 20.
1117:
1058:
590:
with the vertical bars representing the natural pauses and the brackets the predefined feet. Each stanza consists of four lines or
1182:
2236:
342:
2481:
1533:
2099:
1814:
2491:
2185:
1653:
1489:
2310:
1068:
Hopkins, S. (2004). "Lovers, Messengers and
Beloved Landscapes: Sandeśa Kāvya in Comparative Perspective".
2422:
2387:
1705:
1127:
2401:
363:
where they would be given a son. Once there, his mother had another dream in which she gave birth to
2486:
2303:
2266:
2054:
1996:
1660:
1468:
996:
537:
528:
181:
2415:
2373:
2352:
2331:
1976:
1583:
1338:
2282:
1764:
1148:
1087:
1037:
1020:
Bronner, Y.; Shulman, D. (2006). "A Cloud Turned Goose': Sanskrit in the
Vernacular Millennium".
1008:
2366:
2324:
2289:
2190:
1986:
1873:
1698:
1521:
1113:
1054:
658:
339:
in the
Srivaishnavite tradition of South India which promulgated the philosophical theory of
2359:
2338:
2317:
2275:
2241:
1936:
1804:
1731:
1453:
1079:
1029:
2345:
2296:
2159:
2109:
1868:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1799:
1679:
1408:
1393:
1217:
465:
2429:
2394:
2210:
1307:
1162:
651:
644:
518:
348:
320:
266:
250:
228:
176:
168:
115:
70:
477:
translations tend to plump for 'goose', or 'flamingo'; 'crane' is also a possibility.
2475:
2246:
2064:
1921:
1644:
1205:
1091:
1041:
582:– long and short – syllables. When each line is scanned it looks like the following:
487:
1051:
Singing the Body of God: the Hymns of
Vedantadeshika in their South Indian Tradition
2256:
2251:
2231:
2195:
2084:
1951:
1883:
270:
1878:
412:), the centre of the northern Srivaishnavite community, but later went to live in
261:
2443:
2124:
2079:
2069:
2006:
1911:
1794:
1637:
1612:
1553:
1349:
1327:
1209:
299:
1033:
2200:
2059:
1956:
1906:
1774:
1739:
1619:
1548:
1262:
1083:
409:
364:
17:
2436:
2226:
2139:
2074:
1946:
1769:
1607:
1538:
1428:
1371:
1287:
992:
413:
231:
in the 13th century CE. A short lyric poem of 110 verses, it describes how
1174:
680:
564:
553:
535:
526:
502:
488:
470:
458:
449:
433:
383:
376:
369:
340:
328:
252:
218:
2380:
2169:
2164:
2134:
2114:
2021:
1981:
1971:
1961:
1931:
1916:
1893:
1744:
1722:
1674:
1630:
1602:
1572:
1558:
1478:
1438:
1423:
1282:
1225:
501:
352:
237:
224:
204:
80:
60:
2460:
2408:
2149:
2144:
2089:
2044:
2026:
2016:
1966:
1941:
1926:
1858:
1838:
1833:
1789:
1754:
1749:
1624:
1597:
1458:
1433:
1413:
1381:
1376:
1366:
1292:
1272:
1267:
1257:
1252:
394:
355:, composing over 100 philosophical, devotional and literary works; the
335:
294:
2154:
2129:
2119:
2049:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1901:
1848:
1825:
1784:
1568:
1563:
1528:
1516:
1506:
1473:
1463:
1398:
1317:
1297:
1235:
1230:
429:
405:
274:
246:
626:
What criticism and discussion there is tends to focus either on the
619:
modern India literary works of this type are all but forgotten. The
562:
The line means, by way of several technical abbreviations, that the
2205:
2036:
1592:
1511:
1443:
1403:
1388:
1312:
1277:
1240:
424:
The poem is divided into two clear parts, in line with Kalidasa's
737:
1779:
1759:
1543:
1483:
1448:
1418:
1358:
1332:
1322:
1302:
1247:
324:
242:
232:
214:
1694:
1178:
764:
This commentary can be found in the Chaukhambha edition of the
597:
In European terms, the scansion may be written out as follows:
574:, i.e., poetical feet consisting of predefined combinations of
46:
Painting of Rama and Sita, the central characters of the poem.
289:
owes a great deal to its two poetic predecessors, Kālidāsa's
1813:
800:
798:
796:
259:"messenger poem" genre and is very closely modeled upon the
1690:
623:
too has slipped into obscurity for all but Sri Vaishnavas.
1003:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 134–138.
389:(incarnation of the bell) who later became best known as
1108:
Mallinson, James; Kalidasa; Dhoyi; Rupagosvami (2006).
586:(– – –) ( – | u u ) ( u u u ) (– | – u) (– – u) (–) (–)
555:
mandākrāntā jaladhi-ṣaḍ-agaur-mbhau natau tād-gurū cet
241:
epic, sends a message via a swan to his beloved wife,
2453:
2265:
2219:
2178:
2098:
2035:
1892:
1824:
1730:
1581:
1499:
1357:
1216:
393:(an honorific which literally means "guide for the
187:
175:
164:
156:
148:
140:
132:
122:
100:
86:
76:
66:
56:
51:
32:
900:
678:Compare for instance the identical position of
447:The messenger in this poem is referred to as a
1103:(7th ed.). New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
961:
924:
804:
721:
546:मन्दाक्रान्ता जलधिषड़गैर्म्मौ नतौ तो गुरू चेत्
544:
208:
1706:
1190:
8:
748:For Mallinātha's note on the definition see
1022:Indian Economic & Social History Review
1001:Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan
1713:
1699:
1691:
1197:
1183:
1175:
1169:. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Krishnadas Academy.
1153:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
610:Commentaries include one by Agyatkartrik.
245:, who has been abducted by the demon king
97:
40:
29:
1013:The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary
912:
601:| – – – – | u u u u u – | – u – – u – x |
1141:The Hamsa Sandesa of Sri Vedanta Deśika
976:
972:
936:
817:
787:
780:
671:
1146:
1071:International Journal of Hindu Studies
1053:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
269:. It has particular significance for
7:
948:
753:
432:grove where Sita is being held, the
223:) or "The message of the Swan" is a
347:. He was a prolific writer in both
1167:Hamsasandesa of Acharya Venkanatha
25:
1348:
333:) is best known as an important
359:is his only work of this kind.
126:
1134:. Osford: The Clarendon press.
303:. Vedanta Desika's use of the
1:
1132:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary
1112:. New York University Press.
400:Vedanta Desika was the chief
2497:Works based on the Ramayana
951:, vol. 3, appendix A, p. 8.
882:Verses 2.48-50 respectively
681:
565:
554:
536:
527:
503:
489:
471:
459:
450:
434:
384:
377:
370:
341:
329:
253:
249:. The poem belongs to the
219:
2513:
1034:10.1177/001946460504300101
1015:. Poona: Prasad Prakashan.
962:Bronner & Shulman 2006
805:Bronner & Shulman 2006
722:Bronner & Shulman 2006
690:1.2 and Hansa-Sandesha 1.1
1811:
1670:
1346:
1101:The Meghadūta of Kālidāsa
1084:10.1007/s11407-004-0002-2
545:
367:'s (the god of Tirupati)
209:
112:
107:
39:
1654:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
686:at the end of a line in
1139:Narasimhachary (2003).
1128:Monier-Williams, Monier
732:See translation of the
716:See translation of the
2423:Sri Ramayana Darshanam
2388:Ramayana Kalpavruksham
1818:
2402:Ranganatha Ramayanamu
1817:
997:Ripley, Sidney Dillon
913:Ali & Ripley 1978
738:Mallinson et al. 2006
699:Compare for instance
630:in the shadow of the
420:Structure of the text
227:love poem written by
2304:Bhanubhakta Ramayana
901:Monier-Williams 1899
408:(now Kanchipuram in
160:Rama's love for Sita
2416:Saptakanda Ramayana
2374:Raghunatha Ramayana
2353:Krittivasi Ramayana
2332:Jagamohana Ramayana
1977:Narantaka-Devantaka
1163:Venkanatha, Acharya
1049:Hopkins, S (2002).
925:Narasimhachary 2003
915:, pp. 134–138.
614:Views and criticism
2482:13th-century poems
2283:Adhyathmaramayanam
1819:
108:The Swan's message
2469:
2468:
2367:Phra Lak Phra Ram
2325:Hikayat Seri Rama
2290:Adhyatma Ramayana
1688:
1687:
1099:Kale, MR (1969).
659:Rukminisha Vijaya
277:, it celebrates.
195:
194:
94:
93:
16:(Redirected from
2504:
2360:Maharadia Lawana
2339:Kakawin Ramayana
2318:Bilanka Ramayana
2276:Adbhuta Ramayana
1732:Ikshvaku dynasty
1715:
1708:
1701:
1692:
1352:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1176:
1170:
1158:
1152:
1144:
1135:
1123:
1104:
1095:
1064:
1045:
1016:
1004:
979:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
889:
883:
880:
874:
873:Verses 2.31-2.46
871:
865:
862:
856:
853:
847:
844:
838:
835:
829:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
791:
785:
769:
762:
756:
746:
740:
730:
724:
714:
708:
697:
691:
684:
676:
628:Alagiya-Sandesha
621:Alagiya-Sandesha
568:
557:
548:
547:
541:
532:
523:Alagiya-Sandesha
506:
492:
474:
464:). According to
462:
453:
437:
387:
380:
373:
357:Alagiya-Sandesha
346:
332:
256:
222:
212:
211:
171:(messenger poem)
128:
118:
103:
98:
44:
30:
21:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2492:Sanskrit poetry
2472:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2449:
2346:Kamba Ramayanam
2297:Ananda Ramayana
2261:
2215:
2174:
2160:Shravana Kumara
2110:Lakshmana rekha
2101:
2094:
2031:
1888:
1820:
1809:
1726:
1719:
1689:
1684:
1680:Hindu mythology
1666:
1577:
1495:
1353:
1344:
1212:
1203:
1173:
1161:
1145:
1138:
1126:
1120:
1110:Messenger poems
1107:
1098:
1067:
1061:
1048:
1019:
1007:
991:
987:
982:
971:
967:
959:
955:
947:
943:
935:
931:
923:
919:
911:
907:
903:, p. 1286.
899:
895:
890:
886:
881:
877:
872:
868:
863:
859:
854:
850:
845:
841:
837:Verses 1.8-1.60
836:
832:
827:
823:
816:As detailed by
815:
811:
803:
794:
786:
782:
778:
773:
772:
763:
759:
747:
743:
731:
727:
715:
711:
698:
694:
677:
673:
668:
640:
616:
608:
515:
483:
466:Monier-Williams
445:
422:
318:
283:
113:
101:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2510:
2508:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2430:Sri Ramayanamu
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2395:Ramcharitmanas
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2271:
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2263:
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2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2211:Oshadhiparvata
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2093:
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2087:
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2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
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1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
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1904:
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1822:
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1797:
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1782:
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1657:
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1648:
1634:
1627:
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1501:
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1476:
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1461:
1456:
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1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
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1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
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1245:
1244:
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1214:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1179:
1172:
1171:
1159:
1136:
1124:
1118:
1105:
1096:
1078:(1–3): 29–55.
1065:
1059:
1046:
1017:
1005:
988:
986:
983:
981:
980:
965:
953:
941:
929:
917:
905:
893:
884:
875:
866:
864:Verse 2.9-2.23
857:
848:
839:
830:
828:Verses 1.2-1.7
821:
809:
792:
790:, p. 314.
779:
777:
774:
771:
770:
757:
741:
725:
718:Hamsa-Sandesha
709:
705:Hamsa-Sandesha
692:
670:
669:
667:
664:
663:
662:
655:
652:Gopalavimshati
648:
645:Yadavabhyudaya
639:
636:
615:
612:
607:
604:
603:
602:
588:
587:
560:
559:
514:
511:
482:
479:
444:
441:
421:
418:
391:Vedanta Desika
385:ghaṇṭa-avatāra
381:was born, the
330:Vedānta Deśika
321:Vedanta Desika
317:
314:
287:Hamsa-Sandesha
282:
279:
271:Sri Vaishnavas
235:, hero of the
229:Vedanta Desika
200:Hamsa Sandesha
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
179:
173:
172:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
124:
123:Original title
120:
119:
116:Vedanta Desika
110:
109:
105:
104:
102:Hamsa Sandesha
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
71:Vedanta Desika
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
34:Hamsa Sandesha
26:
24:
18:Hamsa-sandesha
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2509:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2100:Other figures
2097:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Akshayakumara
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1645:Bhagavad Gita
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:Other deities
1498:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:Hindu deities
1200:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1143:. Sapthagiri.
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1119:0-8147-5714-6
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1060:0-19-512735-8
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
989:
984:
978:
974:
969:
966:
963:
957:
954:
950:
945:
942:
938:
933:
930:
926:
921:
918:
914:
909:
906:
902:
897:
894:
888:
885:
879:
876:
870:
867:
861:
858:
852:
849:
843:
840:
834:
831:
825:
822:
819:
813:
810:
806:
801:
799:
797:
793:
789:
784:
781:
775:
767:
761:
758:
755:
751:
745:
742:
739:
735:
729:
726:
723:
719:
713:
710:
706:
702:
696:
693:
689:
685:
683:
675:
672:
665:
661:
660:
656:
654:
653:
649:
647:
646:
642:
641:
637:
635:
633:
629:
624:
622:
613:
611:
605:
600:
599:
598:
595:
593:
585:
584:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
567:
558:
556:
551:
550:
549:
542:
540:
539:
531:
530:
524:
520:
512:
510:
508:
507:
505:
498:
494:
493:
491:
490:saṃdeśa kāvya
480:
478:
475:
473:
467:
463:
461:
457:
452:
442:
440:
436:
431:
427:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
386:
379:
374:
372:
366:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
344:
343:Viśiṣṭādvaita
338:
337:
331:
326:
322:
315:
313:
311:
306:
302:
301:
296:
292:
288:
280:
278:
276:
273:, whose god,
272:
268:
264:
263:
258:
257:
255:
254:sandeśa kāvya
248:
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
226:
221:
216:
206:
202:
201:
190:
186:
183:
180:
178:
174:
170:
169:sandeśa kāvya
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
125:
121:
117:
111:
106:
99:
96:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
50:
43:
38:
35:
31:
27:Sanskrit poem
19:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2220:Books/Kandas
2196:Dandakaranya
2102:and concepts
2085:Rishyasringa
1952:Dhanyamalini
1884:Makaradhwaja
1721:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1554:Gramadevatas
1488:
1337:
1166:
1140:
1131:
1109:
1100:
1075:
1069:
1050:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1000:
977:Hopkins 2004
973:Hopkins 2002
968:
956:
944:
937:Hopkins 2004
932:
920:
908:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
818:Hopkins 2002
812:
788:Hopkins 2002
783:
766:Haṃsasandeśa
765:
760:
749:
744:
733:
728:
717:
712:
704:
700:
695:
687:
679:
674:
657:
650:
643:
631:
627:
625:
620:
617:
609:
606:Commentaries
596:
591:
589:
579:
575:
571:
563:
561:
552:
534:
525:is the slow
522:
516:
504:śṛṅgāra rasa
500:
496:
486:
484:
469:
455:
448:
446:
425:
423:
401:
399:
390:
382:
368:
361:
356:
334:
319:
309:
304:
298:
290:
286:
284:
260:
251:
236:
220:Hamsasandeśa
199:
198:
196:
136:13th century
95:
33:
2487:Hindu texts
2444:Yama Zatdaw
2311:Bhaṭṭikāvya
2125:Kushadhvaja
2080:Vishvamitra
2070:Parashurama
2007:Shurpanakha
1912:Kumbhakarna
1795:Shrutakirti
1638:Mahabharata
1549:Kuladevatas
1328:Vishvakarma
1028:(1): 1–30.
1009:Apte, V. S.
985:Works cited
566:mandākrāntā
538:mandākrāntā
529:mandākrāntā
308:treats the
182:mandākrāntā
52:Information
2476:Categories
2242:Kishkindha
2201:Kishkindha
2060:Bharadvaja
1957:Lavanasura
1907:Vibhishana
1775:Shatrughna
1740:Dasharatha
1620:Upanishads
1539:Gandharvas
1263:Dattatreya
993:Ali, Salim
703:6.5.6 and
410:Tamil Nadu
365:Venkatesha
191:110 verses
157:Subject(s)
2437:Trai Bhet
2140:Maya Sita
2075:Vasishtha
2055:Arundhati
1997:Sulochana
1947:Mandodari
1770:Lakshmana
1559:Rakshasas
1429:Mahavidya
1372:Saraswati
1359:Goddesses
1288:Kartikeya
1149:cite book
1092:144529764
1042:145438393
949:Apte 1959
891:Verse 1.2
855:Verse 2.8
846:Verse 2.7
776:Citations
754:Kale 1969
750:Meghadūta
734:Meghadūta
688:Meghaduta
632:Meghaduta
497:Meghaduta
451:rājahaṃsa
426:Meghaduta
414:Srirangam
378:Veṇkaṭeśa
305:Meghaduta
291:Meghadūta
262:Meghadūta
210:हंससन्देश
127:हंससन्देश
2381:Ramakien
2267:Versions
2170:Shambuka
2165:Vedavati
2135:Manthara
2115:Jambavan
2065:Kambhoja
2022:Trishira
1982:Prahasta
1972:Mayasura
1962:Malyavan
1932:Kabandha
1917:Indrajit
1894:Rakshasa
1745:Kausalya
1723:Ramayana
1675:Hinduism
1631:Ramayana
1573:Yakshini
1479:Shashthi
1439:Matrikas
1424:Mahadevi
1226:Trimurti
1165:(2004).
1130:(1899).
1011:(1959).
999:(1978).
701:Ramayana
638:See also
543:rhythm):
521:used in
456:('royal
353:Sanskrit
316:The poet
310:Ramayana
300:Ramāyana
267:Kālidāsa
238:Ramayana
225:Sanskrit
205:Sanskrit
165:Genre(s)
152:Sanskrit
149:Language
81:Sanskrit
77:Language
61:Hinduism
57:Religion
2461:Ramlila
2454:Related
2409:Reamker
2247:Sundara
2232:Ayodhya
2191:Mithila
2186:Ayodhya
2150:Shabari
2145:Sampati
2090:Valmiki
2045:Agastya
2027:Viradha
2017:Trijata
1967:Maricha
1942:Dushana
1927:Atikaya
1839:Sugriva
1834:Hanuman
1790:Mandavi
1765:Bharata
1755:Kaikeyi
1750:Sumitra
1625:Puranas
1613:Atharva
1582:Texts (
1569:Yakshas
1564:Vahanas
1534:Dikpāla
1507:Apsaras
1459:Rukmini
1434:Matangi
1382:Parvati
1377:Lakshmi
1367:Tridevi
1293:Krishna
1273:Hanuman
1268:Ganesha
1258:Chandra
1253:Ashvins
752:1.1 in
682:sa kāmī
443:Alagiya
435:śiṃṣūpa
402:acharya
395:Vedanta
336:acharya
295:Valmīki
281:Sources
141:Country
133:Written
2257:Uttara
2252:Yuddha
2237:Aranya
2179:Places
2155:Shanta
2130:Jatayu
2120:Janaka
2050:Ahalya
2012:Tataka
2002:Sumali
1992:Subahu
1987:Sarama
1902:Ravana
1879:Anjana
1874:Kesari
1849:Angada
1826:Vanara
1785:Urmila
1529:Devata
1522:Danava
1517:Daitya
1512:Asuras
1474:Shakti
1464:Sanjna
1454:Rohini
1414:Shachi
1399:Chhaya
1318:Varuna
1308:Shasta
1298:Kubera
1236:Vishnu
1231:Brahma
1116:
1090:
1057:
1040:
430:ashoka
406:Kanchi
371:ghaṇṭa
275:Vishnu
247:Ravana
87:Verses
67:Author
2206:Lanka
2037:Sages
1937:Khara
1805:Kusha
1608:Yajur
1593:Vedas
1444:Radha
1409:Ganga
1404:Durga
1394:Bhumi
1389:Aditi
1313:Surya
1278:Indra
1241:Shiva
1210:texts
1088:S2CID
1038:S2CID
666:Notes
580:laghu
572:gaṇas
519:metre
513:Metre
481:Genre
472:haṃsa
460:haṃsa
349:Tamil
188:Lines
177:Meter
144:India
2227:Bala
1869:Nila
1864:Nala
1859:Rumā
1854:Tara
1844:Vali
1800:Lava
1780:Sita
1760:Rama
1661:more
1603:Sama
1584:list
1544:Gana
1490:more
1484:Sita
1469:Sati
1449:Rati
1419:Kali
1339:more
1333:Yama
1323:Vayu
1303:Rama
1283:Kama
1248:Agni
1218:Gods
1208:and
1155:link
1114:ISBN
1055:ISBN
975:and
960:See
707:2.40
592:pāda
578:and
576:guru
517:The
485:The
468:, a
351:and
325:IAST
293:and
285:The
243:Sita
233:Rama
215:IAST
197:The
1598:Rig
1080:doi
1030:doi
736:in
720:in
594:s.
404:of
297:'s
265:of
114:by
90:110
2478::
1571:/
1151:}}
1147:{{
1086:.
1074:.
1036:.
1026:23
1024:.
995:;
795:^
217::
213:;
207::
1714:e
1707:t
1700:v
1586:)
1198:e
1191:t
1184:v
1157:)
1122:.
1094:.
1082::
1076:8
1063:.
1044:.
1032::
939:.
927:.
807:.
768:.
454:'
327::
323:(
203:(
20:)
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