810:
speed of 265 mph (426 km/h) and a maximum speed (in 'Full Speed' supercharger mode) of 309 mph (497 km/h) at 19,500 ft (5,900 m). Halifax crews, though admittedly not unbiased, considered the MkIII Halifax to be the equal of any other bomber, including the
Lancaster, and further improved versions (with more powerful Hercules engines) to be superior to all. The improvement in the Halifax MKIII's performance could be measured objectively. In 1943 4 Group's Halifax squadrons flew 11,607 sorties for a loss of 485 aircraft, a loss rate of 4.2%. Halifax MKIII production started in early Autumn 1943 and for 1944, when the MkIII constituted an increasing percentage of the Halifax force, 4 Group flew 25,454 sorties for a loss of 402 aircraft, a loss rate of 1.6%.
1844:
1187:
1824:
348:. These designs put significant demands on engine production and maintenance, both of which were already stretched with the introduction of many new types of aircraft into service. Power limitations were so serious that the British invested heavily in the development of huge engines in the 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) class to improve performance. However, during the late 1930s, none of these engines were ready for production. Meanwhile, the United States, France, Germany and the Soviet Union were developing bombers powered with four engines with favourable results, including excellent range and lifting capacity. Accordingly, in 1936, the RAF decided to investigate the feasibility of a four-engined bomber.
3154:
531:
468:
329:
321:
1588:
3020:
1395:
1081:, primarily of its bomb-carrying capability: an average Halifax was calculated to drop 100 tons of bombs in its lifetime, compared to a Lancaster's 154. Harris continued to have a poor opinion of the Halifax, despite the fact that later Hercules-engined machines had lower loss rates and higher crew survival rates after abandoning the aircraft than Lancasters, and came very close to the Lancaster's speed and altitude performance. The Halifax was progressively outnumbered in front-line service over occupied Europe as more Lancasters became available from 1943 onwards; many squadrons converted to the Lancaster.
3087:
1500:
1782:
903:, enabling the Halifax B.I to attain a maximum speed of 265 mph (426 km/h) at 17,500 ft (5,300 m). With a typical payload of 5,800 lb (2,600 kg) of bombs and 2,242 imp gal (10,190 L; 2,693 US gal) of fuel, it had a range of 1,860 mi (2,990 km). The defensive armaments included power-assisted gun turrets in various positions located across the aircraft. Different models of the Halifax used different numbers and combinations of turrets, effectively trading speed for firepower and vice versa.
1572:
922:
2034:
2086:
963:
2187:
2858:
2664:
2689:
2563:
2045:
1155:
2983:
751:, and Merlin 22 engines. The rudder overbalance / directional instability with engine(s) out problem was solved on the Mk.III with the fitting of a larger D type fin (40% bigger) and modified rudder. The Mk.III Halifax had satisfactory stability in all axes, and in fact were more stable in a dive than a Lancaster. A Lancaster tended to go deeper into a dive whereas a Halifax had to be forced to stay in the dive as the speed increased, i.e. it naturally flew out of a dive.
1436:
2006:
2880:
2711:
2322:
2815:
2973:– the airborne operation in support of crossing the Rhine. Completed three supply drops in Norway and Denmark in March and April 1945. On the fourth sortie, 23 April 1945, piloted by Alexander Turnbull, NA337 was sent to drop 13 supply containers and two packages at Mikkelsberget, Norway. After a successful drop, it was hit by flak in the starboard wing at 0131 hours on 24 April. After both starboard engines caught fire, NA337 ditched in
930:
partition. On the floor just behind the front turret (or later the nose) was the escape hatch. This was 24 in × 26.5 in (61 cm × 67 cm), the same size as the
Stirling, and slightly larger than the 22 in × 26.5 in (56 cm × 67 cm) for the Lancaster. On average 25% of Halifax and Stirling crews successfully bailed out from a damaged aeroplane, but only 15% did so from Lancasters.
3146:
1651:
1051:
2651:
2245:
2628:
2836:
2592:
2274:
2209:
844:
42:
938:'s compartment with controls on the bulkhead. Another compartment aft of the flight engineer contained two bunks originally intended for resting crew members, but almost always used for treating and berthing injured crew. This area led to the two-gun dorsal turret. The tail gunner occupied a four-gun turret at the extreme aft end of the aircraft.
2022:
1089:
720:
1032:. Pathfinder crews flying the Halifax would mark routes and identify and mark targets for the Main Force. Effective marking greatly increased the accuracy and destructive power of Bomber Command. As a Pathfinder and Main Force aircraft, the Halifax was a core part of the bombing offensive against Germany and its Axis allies.
1313:. Upon the end of the conflict, Bomber Command quickly disbanded the majority of its Halifax-equipped squadrons; the aircraft themselves were transferred to Transport Command. During the type's service with Bomber Command, Halifaxes flew 82,773 operations and dropped 224,207 tons of bombs. 1,833 aircraft were lost.
912:
1281:
were given a high priority; these targets were attacked right up until the end of the war. According to Moyes, within the final few months, bomber losses had fallen to all-time lows while raids were frequently regarded as having been highly successful. During the final months of the war the improved
809:
Hydromatic propellers and a wider wing span with rounded wing tips. With the coming of the MkIII the
Halifax's performance finally matched that of the Lancaster though the latter had a larger bomb load and could take larger bombs. The B.VI Halifax's performance improved still further with a cruising
1353:
missions. After the war, six ex-RAF Halifax-BVIs were purchased in 1949. Due to their high operational costs, the RPAF Commanders decided not to enlarge the
Halifax fleet too much. These airplanes were later transferred to the newly raised No. 12 Squadron PAF, where they were only used in emergency
425:
In
February 1937, following consideration of the designs, the Air Ministry selected Avro's submission, with Handley Page's bid chosen as "second string". Accordingly, during April 1937, the Air Ministry ordered two prototypes of each design. The introduction of the successful P.13/36 candidates was
1765:
Definitive
Coastal Command variant of the GR.II with glazed nose mounting .50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun, Merlin XX or 22 engines, B-P A-type dorsal turret and extra long-range fuel tanks in fuselage. A ventral turret with a single .50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun was mounted on most
1377:
on 12 May 1944. During the excavation, the bodies of three crew members were recovered and later given proper burial. Several items from the plane were used in restoration of NA337, while other items were transferred to museums. The airframe was melted down and used to construct the ceiling of the
949:
The maximum bomb load was 14,500 lb (6,600 kg), which was primarily carried in a bomb bay housed within the fuselage, divided into six separate bomb compartments, with three bomb compartments in the inboard sections of each wing; this division of the payload between multiple compartments
742:
Introduction of 1,390 hp (1,040 kW) Merlin XX engines and a twin .303 in (7.7 mm) dorsal turret instead of waist guns resulted in the
Halifax B Mk.II Series I. The Mk.II Series I (Special) achieved improved performance via the removal of the nose and dorsal turrets. The Halifax
442:
powered by a pair of
Vulture engines, but was only built in limited quantities after suffering substantially from engine-related difficulties. The four-engine redesign increased its wingspan from 88 ft (27 m) to 99 ft (30 m) and added 13,000 pounds (5,900 kg) of weight. In
1058:
While the early-built models of the
Halifax were heavily used by Bomber Command and made valuable contributions to operations, the aircraft's performance was considered unsatisfactory for the most part, mainly due to the underpowered Merlin engine, which meant that it could not fly at the higher
591:
The
Halifax was produced in large numbers during the war and over 40%, or 4,046 of the 10,018 heavy bombers produced in Britain between 1940 and 1944 were Halifaxes. In all, 6,178 Halifaxes were built, the last delivered in April 1945. At the peak, 41 separate factories and dispersed units were
715:
The Halifax Mk.I was quickly followed by 25 of the Mk.I Series II; these featured an increased gross weight from 58,000 lb (26 t) to 60,000 lb (27 t) but with maximum landing weight unchanged at 50,000 lb (23 t). The Halifax Mk.I Series III featured increased fuel
929:
The bomb aimer's position was in the extreme nose with the navigator's table located behind it, both roles fulfilled by the same crew member. Above the navigator's position was the forward gun turret. The wireless (radio) operator was behind the navigator's position, separated by a half-width
813:
The Halifax B Mk.IV was a converted B Mk.II non-production design using the Rolls-Royce Merlin 65 engine with a two-stage supercharger and a four bladed propeller fitted. This resulted in an increase in top speed by 60 mph (97 km/h) to 324 mph (521 km/h) at 19,000 ft
250:
of Bomber Command, described the Halifax as inferior to the rival Lancaster (in part due to its smaller payload) though this opinion was not shared by many of the crews that flew it. Nevertheless, production of the Halifax continued until April 1945. During their service with Bomber Command,
458:
engines. Such was the promise of the new model that, in January 1938, the RAF chose to place their first production order for the type, ordering 100 Mk.I Halifaxes "off the drawing board", at which point the serials which had already been assigned to the H.P.56 were switched to the H.P.57.
711:
Handley Page were initially disappointed with the performance of the Halifax which was below their predictions, much of this was because they had under estimated the aircraft's drag. The Mk.III Halifax had a wider span of 103 ft 8 in (31.60 m) and had significantly improved
1697:
Modified with new glazed nose section, Merlin XX or 22 engines, new square Morris radiators and new "D" fin and rudder. The dorsal turret was changed to a four-gun Boulton Paul Type A Mk.VIII, and there were improvements to the bomb bay door sealing. Some aircraft were fitted with the
941:
Starting with the Halifax Mk.II Series IA and from the Mk.III onwards, the nose turret was deleted; instead the bomb-aimer occupied a streamlined perspex nose containing a single hand-held machine gun. On later-built aircraft, the two-gun dorsal turret was replaced by a four-gun
1801:
engines. B.III bombers were fitted with transparent nose dome with single machine gun, Boulton Paul dorsal turret with four guns and tail turret with four guns. All but first few had longer wing with rounded wingtips that increased wingspan to 104 ft 2 in (31.75 m). 2,091
797:
The most numerous Halifax variant was the much improved B Mk.III of which 2,091 were built. First appearing in 1943, the Mk.III featured the Perspex nose and modified tail of the Mk.II Series IA but replaced the Merlin with the more powerful 1,650 hp (1,230 kW)
933:
The pilot sat on the left side in the cockpit above the wireless operator. The flight engineer filled in as a co-pilot, seated on a folding seat to the right of the pilot, during crucial manoeuvres such as take-off. Aft of the pilot and set lower than the pilot was the
817:
The definitive version of the Halifax was the B Mk.VI, powered by the 1,800 hp (1,300 kW) Hercules 100. The final bomber version, the Mk.VII, reverted to the less powerful Hercules XVI. However, these variants were produced in relatively small quantities.
1047:(RCAF) squadrons, also adopted the Halifax around the same time, and would go on to operate it in each of its 14 squadrons, although it was never solely equipped with the type. At its peak strength, Bomber Command operated a total of 76 Halifax-equipped squadrons.
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capacity (1,882 imp gal (8,560 L; 2,260 US gal), and larger oil coolers, the latter of which having been adopted in order to accommodate the Merlin XX engine. A dorsally-mounted two-gun Boulton Paul Type C turret replaced the beam guns.
1100:, he stated: "My Dear Handley Page. We much appreciate your telegram of congratulation on Saturday night's work, the success of which was very largely due to your support in giving us such a powerful weapon to wield. Between us we will make a job of it."
1115:
became incapable of putting up effective opposition against allied air forces. The Halifax also found itself being increasingly tasked with transport duties around this time; in one instance, around half a million gallons of petrol was delivered to
4401:
1525:
X engines; the first production version. Armament consisted of nose turret with two guns, tail turret with four guns and two beam guns. Recognizable from large deep radiator intakes containing circular Gallay radiators and oil cooler. 50
599:
The first production standard Halifax, the Mk.I, had a 22 ft (6.7 m) long bomb bay and six wing bomb cells, and could carry a 13,000 lb (5,900 kg) load. Defensive armament consisted of two .303 in (7.70 mm)
1686:
Generally similar to the aircraft used by the SOE, these were employed in the bombing role. These aircraft were more varied in appearance, especially concerning the fitting of dorsal armament with some aircraft retaining the standard
2977:
at 0145 hours. All but one crew member, Thomas Weightman, died of hypothermia. It was discovered in 1991 by Tore Marsoe and Rolf Liberg, and further raised in 1995 by Halifax 57 Rescue. Restoration was completed in November 2005.
821:
The remaining variants were the Halifax C Mk.VIII, an unarmed transport that was fitted with an 8,000 lb (3,600 kg) cargo pannier instead of a bomb bay, which could accommodate a maximum of 11 passengers and the Mk A IX
766:-built landing gear were used on some aircraft instead. As it was incompatible with the Messier equipment, this led to these Halifax bombers being given new designations: a Mark II built with Dowty gear was the Mark V. The use of
278:
layout and increased payload. It remained in service with Bomber Command until the end of the war, performing a variety of duties in addition to bombing. Specialised versions of the Halifax were developed for troop transport and
1426:
operations in the Berlin airlift. With the airfreight market in decline, most of the civilian Halifaxes were scrapped on their return to England. The last civilian-operated Halifaxes were withdrawn from service in late 1952.
417:
engines. All of these engines were under development and while four-engined bomber designs were considered for specification B.12/36 for a heavy bomber, wings mounting two pairs of engines required additional testing at the
1084:
Production of the Halifax continued, supposedly because it was more efficient to keep building it than to stop its production and convert to building another aircraft. But any new facilities were devoted to the Lancaster.
437:
During July 1937, Handley Page was instructed to redesign the H.P.56 to use four engines. The Vulture had already been suffering reliability and performance problems. The rival Avro 679 proceeded into service as the
1250:(SOE). As a glider tug the Halifax was superior to the Lancaster, the Halifax Mk.III's 59,400 lb (26,900 kg) "tug weight at take off" was higher than a Lancaster Mk.II's 52,800 lb (23,900 kg).
1182:
on the night of 30/31 March 1944. Barton continued to fly the Halifax while other crew members bailed out. He was killed in the aircraft's crash-landing, but the remaining crew survived due to his actions.
1557:
Projected variant with revised armament including 20 mm (0.787 in) cannon and no tail turret. Due to problems with the new armament, the project was cancelled and the Mk.II designation given to
4409:
1103:
Following the invasion of Europe in 1944, the Halifax resumed daylight bombing operations, performing semi-tactical strikes upon enemy troop concentrations, gun emplacements, and strongpoints of the
1006:, targeting the area around the docks and any shipping that might be present. The existence of the Halifax was not officially acknowledged until July 1941, after it was used in a daylight attack on
916:
Looking upward and rearward from the navigator's position : wireless operator at lower right; pilot at upper right; flight engineer in his usual inflight position at upper left behind the pilot
1740:
According to some sources, a handful of the airborne forces Halifaxes were converted into B.IIs. If this is true they might have been designated A.II or may have retained their bomber designations.
1151:, no bombers were downed and the refinery was severely damaged in places. Attacks upon oil production facilities throughout Germany would become commonplace within the remaining months of the war.
892:
instead of using the typical, slimmer Rolls-Royce counterpart; despite generating increased drag, this in-house design was readily adaptable to the alternative Hercules engine on later aircraft.
495:, was performed by chief test pilot Jim Cordes with E A 'Ginger' Wright as flight test observer on 25 October 1939. During this flight, the undercarriage was locked down as a safety precaution.
774:
in the Dowty undercarriage had resulted in an increased production rate but had also led to a reduced landing weight of 40,000 lb (18,000 kg). The Halifax Mark V were manufactured by
1131:
During the latter half of 1944, the bombing of German-held oil facilities became a major priority of the offensive. On 27 August, a force of 216 Halifax bombers, alongside smaller numbers of
1542:
engines with slimmer coolers, introduced new twin-gun Boulton Paul type C upper turret in place of beam guns, with revised undercarriage and additional centre-section fuel tanks. 9 produced.
3074:. W1048 made her attack at 03:00 hours, during which she was hit by the intense flak which set the starboard outer engine on fire. Pilot Don MacIntyre made a wheels-up landing on frozen
712:
performance. Arguably the Merlin engine did not suit the Halifax as much as the Hercules (fitted from the Mk.III on) which suited the Halifax better both aerodynamically and power wise.
1096:
Harris's view of the Halifax changed sometime after spring 1942. On 2 June 1942, in a response to a telegram sent by Frederick Handley Page, congratulating Harris on the success of the
4891:
1410:
A number of former RAF Halifax C.8s were sold from 1945 and used as freighters by a number of mostly British airlines. In 1948, 41 civilian Halifax freighters were used during the
925:
Halifax B Mk.II Series 1 : flight engineer on the fold-down seat next to the pilot, ready to assist with the throttles for takeoff, with front gunner and navigator seen below.
3007:, 13 January 1945. Fuselage was purchased by a chicken farmer and used as a coop. Recovered and restored in 1984 using parts from Halifaxes LW687 and JP158 as well as wings from
1021:. At the end of 1941, the Halifax was withdrawn from daylight bombing operations after intensifying fighter opposition had increased the casualty rates to unsustainable levels.
6103:
454:
prototypes commenced in March 1938. Further design modifications resulted in the definitive aircraft, now considerably enlarged and powered by four 1,280 hp (950 kW)
620:
in beam (side, or "waist") positions. Subtle modifications distinguished the Mk.I aircraft. Aircraft of the first batch of fifty Mk.I Halifaxes were designated Mk.I Series I.
251:
Halifaxes flew 82,773 operations and dropped 224,207 long tons (227,805 t) of bombs, while 1,833 aircraft were lost. The Halifax was also flown in large numbers by other
734:
was installed; note the early triangular fins. This aircraft crashed in June 1942 as a result of an engine fire. All on board were killed, including the electronic engineer
1643:(SOE) used to drop supplies over Europe. Nose armament and dorsal turret removed, the nose being faired over, as well as changes to the fuel vent pipes and exhaust shrouds.
6561:
6170:
3116:. Halifax 57 Rescue was also involved the recovery and subsequent burial of three crew members. Parts were used to restore NA337, and the rest was melted down for the
4315:
4238:
3082:
but the aircraft sank 12 hours later. It was discovered by divers in 1971 and recovered on 30 June 1973 by the RAF Sub-Aqua Association. It has been left unrestored.
1186:
4268:
4955:
1059:
altitudes needed to avoid enemy fighters, which were becoming increasingly effective throughout 1943. This was answered by the Halifax Mk.III, which was powered by
1074:. By January 1944, the Hercules-powered Halifax was available in quantity and quickly proved to have superior performance in the face of German fighter defences.
303:. A dedicated civil transport variant, the Handley Page Halton, was also developed and entered airline service; 41 civil Halifax freighters were used during the
2286:
1843:
3100:
Halifax NA337 and LW682A have been recovered by a Canadian group, Halifax 57 Rescue. Halifax NA337 was recovered in 1995 from 750 ft (230 m) under
1755:
A handful of aircraft converted from Series I or Special to GR.II standard, having differences in dorsal armament. The main difference was the fitting of a
1926:
Four-engined long-range heavy-bomber, powered by four 1,615 hp (1,204 kW) Bristol Hercules XVI radial engines. Round wing tips. Armament as B.III
6165:
1309:. While the type continued to fly operations after this, these were primarily diversions to other operations and sporadic, uncoordinated attacks against
1691:"Type C" turret in different mounts with others mounting a "Type A" turret. There were also examples with no dorsal turret, similar to the SOE-aircraft.
234:
The Halifax performed its first flight on 25 October 1939, and entered service with the RAF on 13 November 1940. It quickly became a major component of
1077:
Early on, Air Chief Marshal Arthur Harris, head of Bomber Command, was scathing in his criticism of the Halifax's performance in comparison to the new
1316:
By 1947, the majority of Halifax bombers were deemed to be surplus and scrapped. The Halifax remained in widespread service with Coastal Command and
434:
bombers. In mid-1937, it was decided to order both the Avro 679 and H.P.56 designs "off the drawing board" in order to speed up delivery timetables.
6296:
6096:
724:
596:
and 51,000 employees, with one Halifax completed every hour. The first English Electric-built aircraft was flown from Samlesbury on 15 August 1941.
1823:
1107:
defences along the French coast with a reportedly high degree of accuracy. Other common targets were enemy communications and the launch sites for
826:
transport, which had space for up to 16 paratroopers and their equipment. A transport/cargo version of the Halifax was also produced, known as the
491:(the nearest non-operational RAF airfield with suitable facilities) for reassembly. The first flight of the first prototype Halifax, serial number
6175:
3412:
1486:
L7245 – Second prototype first flew from Radlett on 17 August 1940 and was more representative of the production configuration including armament.
3900:
1341:
became the last military user of the type. In 1947, the RPAF inherited two Halifax bombers from the RAF which were later heavily used during the
6633:
6608:
4888:
447:
engines; according to aviation author Phillip J. R. Moyes, this redesign to four Merlin engines was done "much against the company's wishes".
6653:
6643:
6613:
6236:
4666:
1282:
Halifax Mk.VI and Mk.VII were introduced. In particular, these models had been 'tropicalised' with an eye towards their potential use in the
550:. In order to speed up production, Handley Page implemented several new manufacturing techniques, including two pioneering approaches: photo-
1587:
6246:
4379:
2900:
2743:
530:
467:
328:
320:
1297:
On 25 April 1945, the Halifax performed its last major operation against the enemy in WWII during an attack upon coastal gun batteries on
1139:, conducted the first major daylight operation by Bomber Command against a target inside Germany that year, attacking the oil refinery at
6648:
6089:
4948:
3105:
2952:
794:
and for training purposes. Some 904 had been built when Mark V production ended at the start of 1944, compared to 1,966 Halifax Mk.IIs.
747:
nose (this nose became standard upon future Halifax variants), a four-gun Boulton Paul Type A dorsal turret similar to that used in the
356:
204:
3153:
6572:
6251:
6231:
4651:
3473:
3465:
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950:
limited the maximum size of the individual bombs which could be completely enclosed to 2,000 lb (910 kg); when carrying the
568:
The sizeable production run envisioned required the involvement of several other companies in addition to Handley Page. The resulting
6241:
4921:
4773:
1580:
4883:
4076:
3019:
283:
operations. After the Second World War, the RAF quickly retired the Halifax, the type being succeeded as a strategic bomber by the
1394:
3417:
519:
1414:, operating 4,653 sorties carrying freight and 3,509 carrying bulk diesel fuel. Nine aircraft were lost during the airlift. The
6618:
6221:
6180:
4924:– the true story of RCAF pilot Herbert Krentz, the sole survivor when his Halifax Mk.V was shot down over Germany in early 1944
3469:
3331:
3134:
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1399:
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in the vicinity of enemy-held ports. It served increasingly in other support capacities as the war progressed, being used as a
866:. The Halifax featured all-metal construction with a smooth, stressed skin covering the majority of the exterior surfaces; the
3464:
included 131 Halifaxes and 73 Lancasters; The attack on Berlin on 28 February 1943 included 252 Halifaxes and 457 Lancasters;
554:
and split construction. In the latter capacity, each Halifax was built from various sub-assemblies. Surface panels were flush-
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1984:
1902:
Four-engined long-range heavy-bomber, powered by four 1,615 hp (1,204 kW) Bristol Hercules XVI radial engines with
4043:
814:(5,800 m). Due to a shortage of Merlins with two stage superchargers production of the B Mk.IV was not proceeded with.
4323:
4246:
1499:
422:(RAE). A stronger wing also required additional strengthening of the overall aircraft structure, increasing design weight.
6556:
4276:
3039:
2262:
1067:
1015:
967:
877:
The Halifax was powered by four engines, two on each wing. Early production Halifax bombers were powered by models of the
6196:
5841:
5239:
1781:
1640:
1290:. While some of these Mk.VI and Mk.VII machines were deployed to the theatre, they played little meaningful role as the
1247:
1121:
1002:. Its operational debut occurred on the night of 10–11 March 1941, when six Halifax bombers flew a bombing raid against
419:
4766:
The Unbeaten Warrior Returns: The Story of Reconstructing the Handley Page Halifax at the Yorkshire Air Museum, 1983–96
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1977:
Interim civil transport version; postwar, a number of Halifax bombers were converted into civilian transport aircraft.
1379:
1291:
973:
518:. In September 1941, a production Halifax Mk.I participated in an official naming ceremony of the type, officiated by
427:
4298:
2768:
1571:
921:
6638:
6579:
6288:
6051:
5882:
5846:
5369:
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2738:
2058:
1772:
Some sources suggest that there were a meteorological variant of the B.II, designated Met.II, but this is unlikely.
987:
601:
510:
upon acceptance. This name followed the practice of naming heavy bombers after major towns, which in this case was
264:
106:
1253:
Throughout early 1945, the Halifax was frequently dispatched against cities within the German homeland, including
1039:
had been entirely equipped with the Halifax, and would continue to operate the aircraft until the end of the war.
211:
for "world-wide use." The H.P.56 was ordered as a backup to the Avro 679, both aircraft being designed to use the
6216:
3069:
1848:
1663:
3003:
Built by Handley Page. 58 Squadron. Flew 67 sorties between 15 July 1943 and 9 December 1944. Crash landed near
1759:
radar in an H2S type fairing. Sometimes, a .50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun was fitted in the faired nose.
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Handley Page built the assemblies and components at Cricklewood and the aircraft were assembled and flown from
296:
260:
102:
874:, which contained the majority of the Halifax's payload, while the cockpit was flush with the upper fuselage.
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was established to oversee the manufacturing programme, comprising English Electric (who had previously built
2993:
1508:
1163:
867:
806:
783:
511:
394:
256:
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suitable for "world-wide use". Further requirements of the specification included the use of a mid-mounted
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Falconer, J: Handley Page Halifax 1939 onwards (all marks) Owners' Workshop Manual, Haynes 2016, page 29.
1345:
in 1948. RPAF Halifaxes flew several sorties in support of Pakistani and Kashmiri forces (notably in the
274:
Various improved versions of the Halifax were introduced, incorporating more powerful engines, a revised
6345:
6066:
5964:
5816:
5744:
5594:
5574:
5569:
5544:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5464:
5444:
5434:
5429:
5344:
5339:
5304:
5299:
5284:
5244:
5149:
4837:
Warner, Guy (July–August 2002). "From Bombay to Bombardier: Aircraft Production at Sydenham, Part One".
4813:
3335:
3306:
3008:
2784:
2774:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2010:
1317:
1310:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1132:
1071:
848:
617:
398:
268:
223:
which, while regarded as unsuccessful mainly due to the Vulture engine, was a direct predecessor of the
110:
5144:
2800:
1708:
A few Mk.IIs were employed in the transport role in Great Britain (unmodified SOE-aircraft) and in the
3897:
2982:
2910:
2753:
1662:, with a faired-over nose. During April–May 1942, this aircraft took part in a number of raids on the
287:, an advanced derivative of the Lancaster. During the post-war years, the Halifax was operated by the
6628:
6566:
6330:
6144:
6041:
5995:
5877:
5872:
5862:
5852:
5409:
5364:
5359:
5349:
5319:
5294:
5289:
5279:
5274:
5264:
4899:
3254:
3049:
3012:
2998:
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2826:
2789:
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2515:
2510:
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2500:
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1856:
1852:
1828:
1786:
1713:
1592:
1576:
1326:
1195:
1175:
1136:
1066:
in place of the Merlins. Introduced into service in November 1943, the Mk.III was first delivered to
888:. To contain and attach the engines to the airframe, Handley Page developed their own design for the
748:
573:
543:
6081:
4402:"Fishing For Halibags – Retrieving a Halifax Bomber from the Irish Sea > Vintage Wings of Canada"
6469:
6272:
6046:
6025:
6015:
6010:
5990:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
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5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5893:
5867:
5857:
5826:
5821:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5709:
5674:
5669:
5654:
5619:
5604:
5599:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5559:
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5549:
5509:
5504:
5499:
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5469:
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5334:
5329:
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5314:
5309:
5259:
5249:
5234:
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5224:
5214:
5209:
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5199:
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5179:
5174:
5159:
5154:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5048:
5033:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
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4993:
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3057:
2966:
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2870:
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2380:
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2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2301:
1659:
1504:
1207:
995:
682:
656:
371:
212:
159:
3436:
The aircraft were assembled at Leavesden from components and assemblies manufactured around London
1435:
6586:
6401:
6360:
6320:
6280:
6211:
6129:
6020:
5539:
5534:
5389:
5169:
5058:
3061:
2257:
2199:
1876:
1832:
1539:
1522:
1480:
1403:
1321:
1231:
1140:
999:
878:
455:
444:
431:
288:
235:
216:
4371:
2604:
2575:
4786:(Aircraft in Action series, No. 66). Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1984.
2779:
2701:
1466:
Proposed twin-engine bomber aircraft, fitted with two Rolls-Royce Vulture engines, never built.
1024:
In the second half of 1942, No. 35 Squadron and four other squadrons were selected to form the
6530:
6426:
6396:
6005:
5831:
5474:
5269:
4917:
4866:
4844:
4802:
4787:
4769:
4750:
4731:
4706:
4677:
4662:
4647:
4632:
4605:
4586:
4570:
4555:
4540:
4525:
4510:
4492:
4476:
4146:
3501:
3257:
14-cylinder air-cooled sleeve-valve radial piston engines, 1,615 hp (1,204 kW) each
3184:
7 (pilot, co-pilot/flight engineer, navigator, bomb aimer, radio operator/gunner, two gunners)
2970:
2748:
2733:
1918:
Coastal Command variant. Halifax B.VI bombers converted into maritime reconnaissance aircraft.
1423:
1358:
1235:
1199:
562:
488:
2728:
1894:
Coastal Command variant. Halifax B.V bombers converted into maritime reconnaissance aircraft.
1178:
for displaying great gallantry in bringing his heavily damaged aircraft back after a raid on
870:
were an exception, being fabric-covered instead. The slab-sided fuselage contained a 22-foot
6535:
6520:
6479:
6474:
6454:
6438:
6411:
6391:
6355:
6315:
3109:
3045:
2947:
1798:
1630:
1612:
1415:
1060:
1040:
1025:
951:
882:
799:
539:
414:
292:
228:
181:
1354:
situations. Gradually, they were transferred to long term storage and were later scrapped.
6525:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6484:
6416:
6340:
5614:
5564:
4895:
3904:
3131:
2335:
1746:
1411:
1346:
1342:
1302:
1287:
1227:
1108:
1036:
1029:
935:
791:
581:
450:
Towards the end of the year, a full size mock-up was assessed and production of a pair of
439:
390:
341:
304:
220:
189:
173:
98:
3126:
As of 2023, Halifax 57 Rescue were also looking to recover two more aircraft, HR871 near
588:. Because of this scheme, Halifaxes were manufactured at sites across the British isles.
4084:
2005:
6421:
6406:
6350:
6335:
6226:
4839:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3375:
3113:
2885:
2716:
2327:
1860:
1670:
1604:
1444:
1440:
1370:
1219:
1215:
1191:
1171:
1078:
538:
Series production of the Halifax began at Handley Page's factory at Cricklewood and at
402:
383:
300:
224:
6602:
6459:
6433:
6206:
6160:
3053:
2848:
2758:
1596:
1512:
1419:
1104:
1063:
983:
885:
802:
744:
735:
593:
585:
360:
243:
208:
4444:
3145:
3130:, and LW170 near Scotland. Once recovered, the plan is for HR871 to be moved to the
1650:
1629:
First series of the bomber variant; from March 1942 onwards, these were fitted with
4964:
4907:
The story of a 76 Squadron Flight Engineer and his Halifax aircraft in World War II
3812:
Barnes, C H: Handley Page Aircraft since 1907, London 1976, pp. 417, 419, 423, 603.
3328:
3227:
3220:
3149:
3-view drawingof Halifax Mark I Series III, with profile details of other variants.
2958:
2863:
2669:
2026:
2014:
1688:
1144:
1050:
943:
775:
755:
605:
406:
375:
352:
299:. The type also entered commercial service for a number of years, used mainly as a
284:
200:
185:
177:
80:
60:
17:
1274:
534:
Painters at work in the paint shop of the Handley Page's Cricklewood factory, 1942
4051:
1808:
Halifax B.III bombers converted into glider tug and paratroop transport aircraft.
307:. In 1961, the last remaining Halifax bombers were retired from operational use.
6464:
6386:
6124:
3357:
3065:
2819:
2723:
2694:
1888:
Halifax B.V bombers converted into glider tugs and paratroop transport aircraft.
1709:
1283:
1239:
1054:
Handley Page Halifax B Mk.I, s/n L9530, MP-L of No. 76 Squadron RAF, Summer 1941
763:
613:
609:
480:
472:
410:
333:
280:
239:
1879:
XX engines with square empennage and wingtips. Armament as B.III. 904 produced.
5184:
1298:
1270:
1007:
759:
547:
364:
275:
4848:
1579:
at Brindisi, Italy. Note the parachute canisters containing supplies for the
6139:
3075:
3030:
3004:
2568:
2050:
1903:
1836:
1699:
1674:
1306:
1262:
1258:
1223:
1179:
889:
855:
843:
823:
787:
731:
669:
515:
367:
4904:
4674:
Handley Page Halifax: Merlin-Engined Variants (Aerodata International No 7)
1277:
and others. During these months, infrastructure such as oil facilities and
719:
502:, now complete with full armament and operational equipment, was made from
3468:
included 244 Halifaxes, 353 Lancasters, 116 Stirlings and 74 Wellingtons;
3334:(4 in dorsal turret, 4 in tail turret) and 1 × .303 in (7.7 mm)
3278:
282 mph (454 km/h, 245 kn) at 13,500 ft (4,100 m)
1932:
Halifax B.VIIs converted into paratroop transport and glider tug aircraft.
1111:. Bombing activity became increasingly brazen throughout late 1944 as the
389:
Other candidates were submitted for the same specification, including the
324:
Personnel in the Handley Page drawing office working on the Halifax bomber
3101:
2974:
2656:
2250:
1600:
1338:
1254:
1117:
1003:
979:
871:
4933:
4345:
3686:
Barnes, C H: Handley Page Aircraft since 1907, London 1976, pp. 615-617.
3622:
Barnes, C H: Handley Page Aircraft since 1907, London 1976, pp. 387–388.
3064:
on 9 April 1942. On 27 April, it was one of 31 Halifaxes that flew from
1294:
before larger numbers could be brought to bear against Japanese forces.
41:
4316:"The Story of Halifax NA337 « National Air Force Museum of Canada"
3212:
1864:
1608:
1369:. The plane was part of RCAF 426 Squadron, and had been shot down near
1366:
1350:
1278:
1266:
771:
767:
643:
558:, although the matt black night bomber camouflage negated its benefit.
551:
503:
345:
3476:
included 753 Lancasters and no Halifaxes with nine Mosquitoes marking.
1479:
L7244 – Prototype first flew on The first Halifax prototype with four
565:. The first production aircraft flew from Radlett on 11 October 1940.
3127:
3117:
3079:
3034:
2841:
2633:
2597:
2279:
2214:
2091:
1988:
1678:
1623:
New variant with increased takeoff weight, fuel and weapons carriage.
1383:
1374:
1362:
1243:
1125:
1011:
863:
616:. Some aircraft included two additional .303 in (7.70 mm)
484:
382:
design to meet Specification P.13/36. Handley Page aircraft designer
4676:. Kidlington. Oxfordshire, UK: Vintage Aviation Publications, 1979.
4071:
4069:
2021:
1906:. No dorsal turret. Square empennage, round wing tips. 643 produced.
1088:
227:. Both the Lancaster and the Halifax emerged as capable four-engine
1439:
Comparison of the Halifax Mk.I (pink) with its contemporaries, the
405:. All submissions used two engines, using the Rolls-Royce Vulture,
4928:
Halifax at the International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive
3152:
3144:
2814:
2192:
2032:
2020:
2004:
1938:
Halifax B.VIIs bombers converted into military transport aircraft.
1842:
1822:
1780:
1727:
1649:
1586:
1570:
1498:
1434:
1393:
1185:
1153:
1087:
1049:
961:
920:
910:
896:
854:
The Handley Page Halifax was a mostly orthodox design, a mid-wing
842:
779:
718:
695:
555:
529:
466:
327:
319:
1814:
Halifax B.III bombers converted into military transport aircraft.
219:
engines while the rival Avro 679 was produced as the twin-engine
4629:
Halifax, an Illustrated History of a Classic World War II Bomber
2609:
1912:
Halifax B.VI bombers converted into military transport aircraft.
1766:
aircraft although some employed the ASV.Mk 3 radar in its place.
994:
In November 1940, the Handley Page Halifax entered service with
199:
proposal of the late 1930s, produced in response to the British
6085:
4937:
4661:. Bourne Ends, Buckinghamshire, UK: Aston Publications, 1990.
2921:
Of the 6,176 Halifaxes built, three complete examples remain.
1174:
to be awarded to any Halifax pilot went to Cyril J. Barton of
859:
3462:
The first "Thousand bomber raid" on Cologne on 30–31 May 1942
1847:
A line of Halifax A Mark VII glider tugs attached to various
1532:
Stressed for operating at a higher gross weight. 25 produced.
498:
On 17 August 1940, the first flight of the second prototype,
2969:
5 March 1945. On 24 March 1945 it towed a glider as part of
966:
Halifaxes of No. 35 Squadron bombing the German battleships
479:
The first prototype was built at Handley Page's facility in
881:
engine; later aircraft were commonly powered by the larger
370:
wing and all-metal construction, and encouraged use of the
332:
Halifax bombers being built at the Handley Page factory at
4698:. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1966.
188:
to the same specification as the contemporary twin-engine
4507:
British Secret Projects: Fighters & Bombers 1935–1950
1521:
Four-engined long-range heavy-bomber aircraft powered by
3754:
3752:
3709:
3707:
3694:
3692:
1730:
propellers and Merlin 22 engines. Rejected in favour of
215:
engine. The Handley Page design was altered to use four
3519:
3517:
1206:
Large numbers of Halifax bombers were also operated by
443:
September 1937, the Ministry specified the use of four
4691:. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications, 1966.
1875:
Four-engined long-range heavy-bomber, powered by four
1712:(simple modifications to allow carriage of engines or
1361:
of Canada excavated Halifax LW682 from a bog near the
4644:
Handley Page Halifax: From Hell to Victory and Beyond
4245:. National Air Force Museum of Canada. Archived from
2797:(converted as a bulk fuel carrier for Berlin Airlift)
4863:
Halifax at War: The Story of a Bomber (76 min. DVD).
4269:"Handley Page Halifax Mk.III – Yorkshire Air Museum"
1337:
however continued operating them up till 1961, thus
487:, It was then dismantled and transported by road to
238:, performing strategic bombing missions against the
6544:
6493:
6447:
6374:
6308:
6265:
6189:
6153:
6117:
6034:
5983:
5902:
5794:
5787:
5097:
4981:
4972:
4801:St. Catharine's, Canada: Vanwell Publishing, 2005.
4646:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2009.
4299:"Handley Page Halifax B.MK.II Series I W1048/8465M"
3370:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
1222:operations. The Halifax was heavily used to deploy
1194:glider to the tow hook of a Halifax glider tug, of
612:, with an additional four in a Boulton Paul Type E
154:
146:
138:
130:
125:
117:
94:
86:
74:
66:
56:
51:
34:
4696:The Short Stirling, Aircraft in Profile Number 142
1460:Proposed twin-engine bomber aircraft, never built.
6112:RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War
4489:Halifax, Second to None: The Handley Page Halifax
2037:Pair of Halifax bombers flying in close formation
4623:. London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co.
27:Royal Air Force four-engine heavy bomber of WWII
4824:(1739). flightglobal.com archive. 23 April 1942
4604:. Wings of Fame, Vol. 8. Aerospace Publishing.
4524:. Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books, No year cited.
4346:"Support the Recovery of a RCAF Halifax Bomber"
4161:
4159:
3112:. In 1997, LW682 was recovered from a bog near
1591:A Halifax A.V Series 1 (Special) glider tug of
231:, thousands of which were used during the War.
195:The Halifax has its origins in the twin-engine
2584:(B.III converted with a 15-passenger interior)
1422:bought and serviced war-surplus Halifaxes for
790:; operationally, these were generally used by
344:(RAF) was primarily interested in twin-engine
6097:
4949:
4719:Aircraft Crash Log No.2: Handley Page Halifax
3829:
3827:
3284:1,860 mi (2,990 km, 1,620 nmi)
3011:TG536. Painted as LV907 "Friday the 13th" of
8:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3673:
3671:
3474:The attack on Dresden on 13–14 February 1945
952:4,000lb and 8,000lb high capacity (HC) bombs
471:Aerodynamic model of the Halifax undergoing
4797:Stachiw, Anthony L. and Andrew Tattersall.
4705:. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan, 1987.
4631:. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan, 1980.
4569:. Stroud, England:Sutton Publishing, 1998.
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3910:, 1 May 2002. Retrieved: 15 September 2013.
3730:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3472:included 214 Halifaxes and 572 Lancasters;
3470:The attack on Nuremberg on 30–31 March 1944
2287:Polish Air Forces in exile in Great Britain
1238:and to conduct special operations, such as
6562:Air operations during the Battle of Europe
6104:
6090:
6082:
5791:
4978:
4956:
4942:
4934:
4865:Toronto: Nightfighters Productions, 2005.
4048:PAKISTAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR DEFENCE STUDIES
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3534:
3532:
3085:
3018:
2981:
954:the bomb bay doors could not close fully.
743:Mk.II Series IA was fitted with a moulded
31:
4799:Handley Page Halifax: In Canadian Service
4201:
4189:
4117:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3068:as part of raid on the German battleship
1964:Paratroop transport, glider tug aircraft.
1827:A Halifax B Mark V Series I (Special) of
1349:) during which they conducted night-time
805:. Other changes included the adoption of
374:engine then in development. In response,
3466:The attack on Hamburg on 27–28 July 1943
2923:
1789:in front of a Halifax bomber, circa 1944
622:
506:. The H.P.57 was given the service name
4689:The Handley Page Halifax B.III, VI, VII
4445:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
4430:
3990:
3919:
3898:"'Bomber Harris' – an enduring enigma."
3791:
3779:
3758:
3743:
3713:
3698:
3583:
3523:
3488:
3454:
3429:
3413:List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force
3344:13,000 lb (5,900 kg) of bombs
3302:45.7 lb/sq ft (223 kg/m)
3169:The Handley Page Halifax B.III, VI, VII
2617:Societe Anonyme de Navigation Aeriennes
2302:No. 1586 (Polish Special Duties) Flight
1951:Cargo and passenger transport aircraft.
1583:loaded into the bomb bay and wing cells
1190:RAF airman attaches the tow rope of an
1135:and Lancasters and a sizable escort of
592:involved in production, along with 600
4552:Night Flight: Halifax Squadrons at War
4509:. Hinckley: Midland Publishing, 2004.
4372:"RAF Museum Boost for Halifax Project"
6557:United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)
2025:Halifax bomber OO-R of 1663 HCU from
1797:Main production variant, fitted with
754:Owing to a shortage of Messier-built
7:
6552:Aerial defence of the United Kingdom
4539:. Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1970.
4225:
4213:
4177:
4165:
4129:
4105:
3196:104 ft 2 in (31.75 m)
2901:British Overseas Airways Corporation
2744:British Overseas Airways Corporation
1636:Halifax B.II Series I (Special), SOE
1124:, then engaged in heavy fighting at
6217:Combined Bomber Offensive (1943–44)
4884:Photo tour of the Elvington Halifax
4382:from the original on 10 August 2024
4077:"Bomber Command Memorial in London"
4044:"Halifax HP-57 bombers in the RPAF"
3190:71 ft 7 in (21.82 m)
3106:National Air Force Museum of Canada
2953:National Air Force Museum of Canada
386:had responsibility for the design.
121:6,178 including 2 H.P.57 prototypes
6573:Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command
3263:3-bladed constant-speed propellers
3208:1,190 sq ft (111 m)
3202:20 ft 9 in (6.32 m)
2311:No. 304 Polish Bomber Squadron RAF
351:During the mid-1930s, the British
25:
4567:Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945
4023:. London: Orbis Publishing, 1979.
3311:0.12 hp/lb (0.20 kW/kg)
1831:undergoing a 24-hour overhaul at
1785:Group portrait of an air crew of
1581:Yugoslav National Liberation Army
679:London Aircraft Production Group
6202:Area bombing of cities (1942–43)
4843:. No. 100. pp. 13–24.
4621:The Observer's Book Of Airplanes
4583:Halifax Squadrons of World War 2
4554:. London: William Kimber, 1981.
4473:Handley Page Aircraft since 1907
3418:List of aircraft of World War II
2878:
2856:
2834:
2813:
2709:
2687:
2662:
2649:
2626:
2590:
2561:
2320:
2272:
2243:
2207:
2185:
2084:
2043:
1705:Halifax B.II Series I, Freighter
1654:Halifax B.II Series I (Special)
858:with a tail unit featuring twin
578:London Aircraft Production Group
40:
6130:RAF strategic bombing 1942–1945
4537:Handley Page: An Aircraft Album
3498:Combat aircraft of World War II
3247:65,000 lb (29,484 kg)
3241:54,400 lb (24,675 kg)
3235:37,870 lb (17,178 kg)
3135:Bomber Command Museum of Canada
2764:Lancashire Aircraft Corporation
1983:VIP transport aircraft for the
1646:Halifax B.II Series I (Special)
1503:A Halifax B Mark I Series I of
1400:Lancashire Aircraft Corporation
248:Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief
4522:Handley Page Halifax Portfolio
4021:Wings Encyclopedia of Aviation
3296:750 ft/min (3.8 m/s)
2769:London Aero and Motor Services
2292:No. 301 Polish Bomber Squadron
1882:Halifax B.V Series I (Special)
1386:, which was unveiled in 2012.
1242:agents and arms into occupied
1147:. In spite of heavy fire from
1098:first 1000 bomber Cologne raid
1:
6634:Four-engined tractor aircraft
6609:1930s British bomber aircraft
6135:Area Bombing Directive (1942)
4889:Handley Page Halifax II (III)
3850:. Andre Deutsch. p. 221.
3290:24,000 ft (7,300 m)
3157:Fuselage section of a Halifax
3104:before being restored at the
2896:British American Air Services
2739:British American Air Services
847:Halifax cutaway model at the
6654:Four-engined piston aircraft
6644:Aircraft first flown in 1939
6614:World War II British bombers
4730:. Air Britain (Historians).
4239:"The Story of Halifax NA337"
3848:Lancaster : A Biography
1749:variant of the Halifax B.II.
1726:) modified with three-blade
1641:Special Operations Executive
1248:Special Operations Executive
1120:in support of the advancing
576:), various firms within the
420:Royal Aircraft Establishment
6145:Casablanca directive (1943)
3500:. Orion Books. p. 22.
3386:Consolidated B-24 Liberator
3381:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
3121:RAF Bomber Command Memorial
2827:Maharajah Gaekwar of Baroda
2306:301 Squadron Special Duties
2009:An Australian Halifax from
1380:RAF Bomber Command Memorial
1210:, which used it to conduct
1028:, later expanded to become
907:Crew positions and armament
428:Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley
6675:
6649:World War II heavy bombers
6222:Battle of Berlin (1943–44)
6166:Frederick "Prof" Lindemann
4717:Roberts, Nicholas (1979).
4487:Bingham, Victor F (1986).
4081:www.bombercommandmuseum.ca
3329:.303 in (7.7 mm)
3096:Recovery of Halifax wrecks
3056:on 27 March 1942. Sent to
3025:
2994:Elvington, North Yorkshire
2988:
2942:
2059:Royal Australian Air Force
1849:General Aircraft Hamilcars
1507:undergoing maintenance at
265:Royal Australian Air Force
46:Handley Page Halifax B.III
6212:Battle of the Ruhr (1943)
4619:Lawrence, Joseph (1945).
4550:Jones, Geoffrey Patrick.
4192:, pp. 4, rear cover.
2929:
1398:Halifax C.8 freighter of
378:produced the twin-engine
39:
6536:Light Night Strike Force
4768:. Yorkshire Air Museum.
4659:The Handley Page Halifax
4475:. London: Putnam, 1987.
3496:Angelucci, Enzo (1988).
2578:(Former Wikner aircraft)
2200:Royal Egyptian Air Force
2100:Royal Canadian Air Force
1483:engines and no armament.
1335:Royal Pakistan Air Force
1322:Royal Egyptian Air Force
1045:Royal Canadian Air Force
901:constant-speed propeller
359:, seeking a twin-engine
297:Royal Pakistan Air Force
289:Royal Egyptian Air Force
261:Royal Canadian Air Force
4930:, University of Lincoln
4726:Roberts, R. N. (1982).
4449:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
4002:Norris 1966, pp. 8, 10.
3903:2 December 2013 at the
3175:General characteristics
3165:Halifax, Second to None
3141:Specifications (Mk.III)
3114:Geraardsbergen, Belgium
2933:Institutional location
1762:Halifax GR.II Series IA
1664:German battleship
1509:RAF Middleton St George
1164:RAF Middle East Command
990:is moored at far right.
899:-built compressed wood
868:flight control surfaces
723:Halifax B Mk.II Srs I,
6619:Aviation in Lancashire
6176:Sir Archibald Sinclair
6161:Arthur "Bomber" Harris
6140:Dehousing paper (1942)
4764:Robinson, Ian (1996).
4378:. Key Publishing Ltd.
4032:Norris 1966, pp. 9–10.
3949:Norris 1966, pp. 6, 8.
3158:
3150:
2222:Free French Air Forces
2038:
2030:
2018:
1868:
1840:
1790:
1752:Halifax GR.II Series I
1719:Halifax B.II Series II
1694:Halifax B.II Series IA
1682:
1616:
1595:getting airborne from
1584:
1535:Halifax B.I Series III
1515:
1448:
1407:
1311:targets of opportunity
1212:anti submarine warfare
1203:
1167:
1149:anti-aircraft defenses
1133:de Havilland Mosquitos
1093:
1055:
991:
926:
918:
851:
739:
618:Vickers K machine guns
535:
476:
426:delayed by orders for
337:
325:
242:, primarily at night.
184:. It was developed by
6624:Handley Page aircraft
6321:Boston (Douglas DB-7)
6207:U-boat pens (1943–44)
6197:Oil targets (1940-45)
4894:26 March 2016 at the
4745:Robertson, B (1990).
4585:. Osprey Publishing.
3887:Norris 1966, pp. 5–6.
3878:Norris 1966, pp. 4–5.
3869:Falconer 1998, p. 232
3846:Iveson & Milton.
3613:Buttler 2004, p. 105.
3604:Buttler 2004, p. 102.
3595:Buttler 2004, p. 104.
3336:Vickers K machine gun
3332:Browning machine guns
3156:
3148:
2175:No. 434 Squadron RCAF
2170:No. 433 Squadron RCAF
2165:No. 432 Squadron RCAF
2160:No. 431 Squadron RCAF
2155:No. 429 Squadron RCAF
2150:No. 428 Squadron RCAF
2145:No. 427 Squadron RCAF
2140:No. 426 Squadron RCAF
2135:No. 425 Squadron RCAF
2130:No. 424 Squadron RCAF
2125:No. 420 Squadron RCAF
2120:No. 419 Squadron RCAF
2115:No. 415 Squadron RCAF
2110:No. 408 Squadron RCAF
2105:No. 405 Squadron RCAF
2074:No. 466 Squadron RAAF
2069:No. 462 Squadron RAAF
2064:No. 460 Squadron RAAF
2036:
2024:
2011:No. 462 Squadron RAAF
2008:
1846:
1826:
1784:
1653:
1626:Halifax B.II Series I
1590:
1574:
1529:Halifax B.I Series II
1502:
1438:
1397:
1318:RAF Transport Command
1202:, Tunisia (July 1943)
1198:, in preparation for
1189:
1157:
1137:Supermarine Spitfires
1091:
1053:
965:
924:
914:
849:London Science Museum
846:
730:, in-which the first
722:
602:Browning machine guns
574:Handley Page Hampdens
533:
470:
357:Specification P.13/36
331:
323:
269:Free French Air Force
259:nations, such as the
205:Specification P.13/36
111:Free French Air Force
6567:Defence of the Reich
4913:To Hell in a Halifax
4900:Yorkshire Air Museum
4565:Falconer, Jonathan.
4273:Yorkshire Air Museum
3821:Moyes 1966, pp. 3–4.
3255:Bristol Hercules XVI
2999:Yorkshire Air Museum
2930:Geographic location
2546:No. 644 Squadron RAF
2541:No. 640 Squadron RAF
2536:No. 624 Squadron RAF
2531:No. 620 Squadron RAF
2526:No. 614 Squadron RAF
2521:No. 578 Squadron RAF
2516:No. 521 Squadron RAF
2511:No. 520 Squadron RAF
2506:No. 519 Squadron RAF
2501:No. 518 Squadron RAF
2496:No. 517 Squadron RAF
2491:No. 502 Squadron RAF
2486:No. 298 Squadron RAF
2481:No. 297 Squadron RAF
2476:No. 296 Squadron RAF
2471:No. 295 Squadron RAF
2466:No. 246 Squadron RAF
2461:No. 224 Squadron RAF
2456:No. 202 Squadron RAF
2451:No. 199 Squadron RAF
2446:No. 192 Squadron RAF
2441:No. 190 Squadron RAF
2436:No. 187 Squadron RAF
2431:No. 178 Squadron RAF
2426:No. 171 Squadron RAF
2421:No. 161 Squadron RAF
2416:No. 158 Squadron RAF
2411:No. 148 Squadron RAF
2406:No. 138 Squadron RAF
2401:No. 113 Squadron RAF
2396:No. 108 Squadron RAF
2391:No. 103 Squadron RAF
2386:No. 102 Squadron RAF
2304:before reforming as
2298:No. 138 Squadron RAF
2233:No. 347 Squadron RAF
2227:No. 346 Squadron RAF
1639:Special version for
1493:Halifax B.I Series I
1035:By the end of 1943,
986:, 18 December 1941.
895:Each engine drove a
800:Bristol Hercules XVI
749:Boulton Paul Defiant
456:Rolls-Royce Merlin X
170:Handley Page Halifax
6470:Intruder operations
6284:("Dambusters" raid)
4687:Moyes, Philip J.R.
4672:Moyes, Philip J.R.
4535:Clayton, Donald C.
4520:Clarke, R. M., ed.
4406:www.vintagewings.ca
4153:pp116-7 with photo
3981:Norris 1966, p. 10.
3860:Merrick 1980, p. 30
3677:Norris 1966, p. 12.
3665:Flight pp. 400–401.
3245:Max takeoff weight:
2967:RAF Tarrant Rushton
2906:Westminster Airways
2795:Westminster Airways
2681:LAMS (South Africa)
2381:No. 96 Squadron RAF
2376:No. 78 Squadron RAF
2371:No. 77 Squadron RAF
2366:No. 76 Squadron RAF
2361:No. 58 Squadron RAF
2356:No. 51 Squadron RAF
2351:No. 47 Squadron RAF
2346:No. 35 Squadron RAF
2341:No. 10 Squadron RAF
1660:No. 10 Squadron RAF
1452:Pre-Halifax designs
958:Operational service
828:Handley Page Halton
625:
393:, and designs from
372:Rolls-Royce Vulture
361:heavy-medium bomber
213:Rolls-Royce Vulture
176:(RAF) four-engined
160:Pakistani Air Force
52:General information
18:Handley Page Halton
6659:Twin-tail aircraft
6587:Target for Tonight
6171:Sir Charles Portal
6125:Butt Report (1941)
4694:Norris, Geoffrey.
4657:Merrick, Keith A.
4642:Merrick, Keith A.
4627:Merrick, Keith A.
4600:Lake, Jon (1997).
4581:Lake, Jon (1999).
4011:Norris 1966, p. 9.
3967:Norris 1966, p. 8.
3940:Norris 1966, p. 6.
3734:Norris 1966, p. 5.
3538:Norris 1966, p. 3.
3159:
3151:
3102:Lake Mjøsa, Norway
3062:RAF Linton-on-Ouse
2917:Surviving aircraft
2785:Union Air Services
2258:Pakistan Air Force
2229:(GB II/23 Guyenne)
2039:
2031:
2019:
2001:Military operators
1877:Rolls-Royce Merlin
1869:
1841:
1833:RAF Holmsley South
1791:
1683:
1617:
1585:
1523:Rolls-Royce Merlin
1516:
1449:
1408:
1404:Manchester Airport
1390:Civilian operation
1357:In September 1997
1330:until early 1952.
1232:electronic warfare
1204:
1168:
1094:
1056:
1016:German battleship
1000:RAF Linton-on-Ouse
992:
927:
919:
879:Rolls-Royce Merlin
852:
740:
692:Rootes Securities
623:
536:
522:and Lady Halifax.
477:
445:Rolls-Royce Merlin
432:Vickers Wellington
340:In the 1930s, the
338:
326:
217:Rolls-Royce Merlin
6639:Mid-wing aircraft
6596:
6595:
6531:No. 100 Group RAF
6276:(Friedrichshafen)
6079:
6078:
6075:
6074:
5783:
5782:
4911:Krentz, Herbert.
4784:Halifax in Action
4701:Rapier, Brian J.
4667:978-0-946627-60-8
4443:Lednicer, David.
4320:airforcemuseum.ca
4243:airforcemuseum.ca
4228:, pp. 90–96.
4216:, pp. 91–92.
4180:, pp. 92–93.
4141:Rapier, Brian J.
4054:on 16 August 2003
3908:Osprey Publishing
3656:Moyes 1966, p. 4.
3574:Moyes 1966, p. 3.
3360:bomb-aiming radar
3137:for restoration.
3093:
3092:
3040:RAF Museum London
2971:Operation Varsity
2892:Bond Air Services
2801:World Air Freight
2734:Bond Air Services
2235:(GB I/25 Tunisie)
1985:Maharajah Gaekwar
1867:, prior to launch
1851:via tow ropes of
1722:Single aircraft (
1575:Halifax Mk.II of
1443:(yellow) and the
1424:Bond Air Services
1418:business pioneer
1373:during a raid on
1359:Halifax 57 Rescue
1200:Operation Fustian
704:
703:
653:English Electric
563:Radlett Aerodrome
504:Radlett Aerodrome
229:strategic bombers
166:
165:
139:Introduction date
16:(Redirected from
6666:
6521:No. 6 Group RCAF
6455:Area bombardment
6439:Target indicator
6412:Blockbuster bomb
6227:Transport (1944)
6106:
6099:
6092:
6083:
5792:
4979:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4935:
4852:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4779:
4760:
4741:
4728:The Halifax File
4722:
4624:
4615:
4602:Halifax Variants
4596:
4502:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4408:. Archived from
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4322:. Archived from
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4275:. Archived from
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4154:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4087:on 14 April 2017
4083:. Archived from
4073:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4050:. Archived from
4039:
4033:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3979:
3968:
3965:
3950:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3822:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3717:
3711:
3702:
3696:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3666:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3623:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3539:
3536:
3527:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3493:
3477:
3459:
3437:
3434:
3352:
3319:
3288:Service ceiling:
3271:
3177:
3110:Trenton, Ontario
3089:
3046:English Electric
3022:
2985:
2948:Trenton, Ontario
2924:
2911:Worldair Carrier
2884:
2882:
2881:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2818:
2817:
2807:Halton operators
2754:C.L. Air Surveys
2715:
2713:
2712:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2049:
2047:
2046:
1857:No. 644 Squadron
1853:No. 298 Squadron
1829:No. 295 Squadron
1799:Bristol Hercules
1787:No. 578 Squadron
1633:navigation aids.
1613:Operation Beggar
1593:No. 295 Squadron
1577:No. 148 Squadron
1538:Re-engined with
1416:low-cost airline
1347:Battle of Skardu
1176:No. 578 Squadron
1166:, September 1942
1160:No. 462 Squadron
1109:V-1 flying bombs
1072:No. 466 Squadron
1068:No. 433 Squadron
1061:Bristol Hercules
1026:Pathfinder Force
883:Bristol Hercules
666:Fairey Aviation
635:Number produced
626:
540:English Electric
415:Bristol Hercules
293:French Air Force
276:defensive turret
182:Second World War
142:13 November 1940
44:
32:
21:
6674:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6599:
6598:
6597:
6592:
6540:
6526:No. 8 Group RAF
6516:No. 5 Group RAF
6511:No. 4 Group RAF
6506:No. 3 Group RAF
6501:No. 1 Group RAF
6489:
6485:Shuttle bombing
6443:
6417:Earthquake bomb
6370:
6304:
6261:
6185:
6149:
6113:
6110:
6080:
6071:
6030:
5979:
5898:
5779:
5093:
4974:
4968:
4962:
4905:One of the Many
4896:Wayback Machine
4880:
4859:
4836:
4827:
4825:
4812:
4782:Scutts, Jerry.
4776:
4763:
4757:
4747:Halifax Special
4744:
4738:
4725:
4716:
4618:
4612:
4599:
4593:
4580:
4505:Buttler, Tony.
4499:
4486:
4468:
4463:
4453:
4451:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4429:
4425:
4415:
4413:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4354:
4352:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4326:on 2 March 2016
4314:
4313:
4309:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4282:
4280:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4252:
4250:
4249:on 2 March 2016
4237:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4220:
4212:
4208:
4200:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4164:
4157:
4140:
4136:
4128:
4124:
4116:
4112:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3971:
3966:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3905:Wayback Machine
3895:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3832:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3720:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3542:
3537:
3530:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3367:
3353:
3348:
3320:
3315:
3267:
3173:
3143:
3132:Nanton, Alberta
3098:
2961:. Delivered to
2919:
2879:
2877:
2857:
2855:
2835:
2833:
2812:
2809:
2790:V.I.P. Services
2710:
2708:
2688:
2686:
2663:
2661:
2650:
2648:
2643:Vingtor Airways
2627:
2625:
2591:
2589:
2582:Geoffrey Wikner
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:Civil operators
2552:
2336:Royal Air Force
2321:
2319:
2273:
2271:
2263:No. 12 Squadron
2244:
2242:
2208:
2206:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2044:
2042:
2003:
1998:
1971:
1958:
1945:
1821:
1779:
1747:Coastal Command
1569:
1551:
1505:No. 76 Squadron
1473:
1454:
1433:
1412:Berlin Air Lift
1392:
1375:Leuven, Belgium
1343:1st Kashmir War
1303:Frisian Islands
1288:Empire of Japan
1208:Coastal Command
1092:A Halifax pilot
996:No. 35 Squadron
960:
936:flight engineer
917:
909:
841:
836:
792:Coastal Command
709:
582:Fairey Aviation
528:
465:
440:Avro Manchester
342:Royal Air Force
318:
313:
221:Avro Manchester
190:Avro Manchester
174:Royal Air Force
150:25 October 1939
113:
109:
105:
99:Royal Air Force
67:National origin
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6672:
6670:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6601:
6600:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6590:
6583:
6580:Into the Storm
6576:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6548:
6546:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6451:
6449:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6414:
6409:
6407:"Monica" radar
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6294:
6286:
6278:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6157:
6155:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6101:
6094:
6086:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6057:Halifax C.VIII
6054:
6052:Harrow/Sparrow
6049:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5798:
5796:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4985:
4983:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4953:
4946:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4925:
4908:
4902:
4886:
4879:
4878:External links
4876:
4875:
4874:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4840:Air Enthusiast
4834:
4810:
4795:
4780:
4774:
4761:
4755:
4742:
4736:
4723:
4714:
4703:Halifax at War
4699:
4692:
4685:
4670:
4655:
4652:978-1906537067
4640:
4625:
4616:
4610:
4597:
4591:
4578:
4563:
4548:
4533:
4518:
4503:
4497:
4484:
4471:Barnes, C. H.
4467:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4435:
4423:
4412:on 17 May 2017
4393:
4370:Dunnell, Ben.
4362:
4337:
4307:
4290:
4279:on 5 July 2017
4260:
4230:
4218:
4206:
4202:Robertson 1990
4194:
4190:Robertson 1990
4182:
4170:
4155:
4143:Halifax at War
4134:
4132:, p. 132.
4122:
4118:Robertson 1990
4110:
4108:, p. 131.
4098:
4065:
4042:Hali, Sultan.
4034:
4025:
4013:
4004:
3995:
3983:
3969:
3951:
3942:
3924:
3922:, p. 111.
3912:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3862:
3853:
3838:
3823:
3814:
3805:
3796:
3794:, p. 128.
3784:
3772:
3763:
3748:
3736:
3718:
3703:
3688:
3679:
3667:
3658:
3624:
3615:
3606:
3597:
3588:
3576:
3540:
3528:
3513:
3506:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3404:
3403:
3401:Short Stirling
3398:
3396:Petlyakov Pe-8
3393:
3391:Heinkel He 177
3388:
3383:
3378:
3376:Avro Lancaster
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3346:
3345:
3339:
3313:
3312:
3303:
3297:
3294:Rate of climb:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3276:Maximum speed:
3265:
3264:
3258:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3142:
3139:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3076:Lake Hoklingen
3048:. Assigned to
3042:
3037:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:United Kingdom
2874:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2761:
2759:Eagle Aviation
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:United Kingdom
2705:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2659:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2622:
2621:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2572:
2571:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2328:United Kingdom
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2294:
2283:
2282:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2254:
2253:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2218:
2217:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:Halifax C.VIII
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1873:
1861:RAF Woodbridge
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1795:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:Halifax Met.II
1767:
1763:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1720:
1717:
1706:
1703:
1695:
1692:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1605:Airspeed Horsa
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1445:Avro Lancaster
1441:Short Stirling
1432:
1429:
1391:
1388:
1371:Geraardsbergen
1327:Armée de l'Air
1220:meteorological
1216:reconnaissance
1192:Airspeed Horsa
1172:Victoria Cross
1079:Avro Lancaster
1064:radial engines
1014:, against the
959:
956:
915:
908:
905:
840:
837:
835:
832:
708:
705:
702:
701:
698:
693:
689:
688:
685:
680:
676:
675:
672:
667:
663:
662:
659:
654:
650:
649:
646:
641:
637:
636:
633:
630:
594:subcontractors
527:
524:
464:
461:
384:George Volkert
317:
314:
312:
309:
305:Berlin Airlift
236:Bomber Command
225:Avro Lancaster
207:for a capable
164:
163:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
101:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
70:United Kingdom
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6671:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6589:
6588:
6584:
6582:
6581:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6543:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6475:Master Bomber
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6460:Bomber stream
6458:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6446:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6434:Bouncing bomb
6432:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6301:
6299:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6182:
6181:Arthur Tedder
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6107:
6102:
6100:
6095:
6093:
6088:
6087:
6084:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4971:
4966:
4959:
4954:
4952:
4947:
4945:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4922:9780978035808
4919:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4835:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4814:"The Halifax"
4811:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4775:0-9512379-4-2
4771:
4767:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4749:. Ian Allan.
4748:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4729:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4450:
4446:
4439:
4436:
4433:, p. 170
4432:
4427:
4424:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4363:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4207:
4204:, p. 64.
4203:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4171:
4168:, p. 93.
4167:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4123:
4120:, p. 77.
4119:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4099:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4014:
4008:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3993:, p. 72.
3992:
3987:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3849:
3842:
3839:
3836:1942, p. 401.
3835:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3815:
3809:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3785:
3782:, p. 34.
3781:
3776:
3773:
3770:Barnes 1987,
3767:
3764:
3761:, p. 71.
3760:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3746:, p. 69.
3745:
3740:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3716:, p. 19.
3715:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3701:, p. 17.
3700:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3577:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3526:, p. 30.
3525:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3448:
3443:
3433:
3430:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:Related lists
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:Wing loading:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:Combat range:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3239:Gross weight:
3237:
3234:
3233:Empty weight:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3155:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3054:RAF Topcliffe
3051:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:Rootes Motors
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:Alpha Airways
2869:
2868:
2865:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:Louis Breguet
2847:
2846:
2843:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2677:Alpha Airways
2675:
2674:
2671:
2660:
2658:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:H.P.70 Halton
1968:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1935:Halifax C.VII
1934:
1931:
1929:Halifax A.VII
1928:
1925:
1923:Halifax B.VII
1922:
1921:
1917:
1915:Halifax GR.VI
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1811:Halifax C.III
1810:
1807:
1805:Halifax A.III
1804:
1800:
1796:
1794:Halifax B.III
1793:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1743:Halifax GR.II
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:Halifax Mk.II
1619:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1597:RAF Portreath
1594:
1589:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:Halifax Mk.II
1553:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:County Durham
1510:
1506:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1420:Freddie Laker
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:No. 100 Group
1234:aircraft for
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1162:operating in
1161:
1158:Personnel of
1156:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:Atlantic Wall
1101:
1099:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
989:
988:‘Prinz Eugen’
985:
984:Brest, France
981:
977:
976:
971:
970:
964:
957:
955:
953:
947:
945:
939:
937:
931:
923:
913:
906:
904:
902:
898:
893:
891:
887:
886:radial engine
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
850:
845:
838:
833:
831:
829:
825:
819:
815:
811:
808:
804:
803:radial engine
801:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
737:
736:Alan Blumlein
733:
729:
726:
721:
717:
713:
706:
699:
697:
694:
691:
690:
686:
684:
681:
678:
677:
673:
671:
668:
665:
664:
660:
658:
655:
652:
651:
647:
645:
642:
640:Handley Page
639:
638:
634:
631:
629:Manufacturer
628:
627:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
597:
595:
589:
587:
586:Rootes Motors
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:Halifax Group
566:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
532:
525:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
475:testing, 1942
474:
469:
462:
460:
457:
453:
448:
446:
441:
435:
433:
429:
423:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
335:
330:
322:
315:
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
245:
244:Arthur Harris
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:medium bomber
206:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:is a British
171:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
95:Primary users
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6585:
6578:
6571:
6325:
6300:(Peenemünde)
6297:
6289:
6281:
6273:
6061:
6056:
5984:Experimental
5888:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5384:
5379:
5374:
4975:designations
4965:Handley Page
4912:
4862:
4838:
4826:. Retrieved
4821:
4817:
4798:
4783:
4765:
4746:
4727:
4718:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4673:
4658:
4643:
4628:
4620:
4601:
4582:
4566:
4551:
4536:
4521:
4506:
4488:
4472:
4466:Bibliography
4452:. Retrieved
4448:
4438:
4431:Bingham 1986
4426:
4414:. Retrieved
4410:the original
4405:
4396:
4384:. Retrieved
4375:
4365:
4353:. Retrieved
4349:
4340:
4328:. Retrieved
4324:the original
4319:
4310:
4293:
4281:. Retrieved
4277:the original
4272:
4263:
4251:. Retrieved
4247:the original
4242:
4233:
4221:
4209:
4197:
4185:
4173:
4142:
4137:
4125:
4113:
4101:
4089:. Retrieved
4085:the original
4080:
4056:. Retrieved
4052:the original
4047:
4037:
4028:
4020:
4016:
4007:
3998:
3991:Bingham 1986
3986:
3945:
3920:Bingham 1986
3915:
3907:
3892:
3883:
3874:
3865:
3856:
3847:
3841:
3833:
3817:
3808:
3799:
3792:Bingham 1986
3787:
3780:Bingham 1986
3775:
3766:
3759:Bingham 1986
3744:Bingham 1986
3739:
3714:Bingham 1986
3699:Bingham 1986
3682:
3661:
3618:
3609:
3600:
3591:
3586:, p. 4.
3584:Bingham 1986
3579:
3524:Bingham 1986
3497:
3491:
3457:
3432:
3406:
3405:
3369:
3368:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3338:in the nose.
3324:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3224:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3125:
3099:
3070:
3050:102 Squadron
3013:158 Squadron
2963:644 Squadron
2920:
2864:South Africa
2670:South Africa
2615:
2027:RAF Rufforth
2015:RAF Foulsham
1961:Halifax A.IX
1909:Halifax C.VI
1899:Halifax B.VI
1891:Halifax GR.V
1756:
1737:Halifax A.II
1731:
1723:
1689:Boulton Paul
1665:
1655:
1603:, towing an
1559:
1409:
1363:River Dender
1356:
1332:
1325:
1315:
1296:
1286:against the
1252:
1205:
1196:295 Squadron
1169:
1130:
1112:
1102:
1095:
1083:
1076:
1057:
1043:, formed of
1034:
1023:
1017:
993:
974:
968:
948:
944:Boulton Paul
940:
932:
928:
894:
876:
853:
827:
820:
816:
812:
807:de Havilland
796:
776:Rootes Group
770:rather than
756:landing gear
753:
741:
727:
714:
710:
707:Improvements
606:Boulton Paul
598:
590:
569:
567:
560:
537:
520:Lord Halifax
507:
499:
497:
492:
489:RAF Bicester
478:
451:
449:
436:
424:
407:Napier Sabre
399:Boulton Paul
388:
379:
376:Handley Page
353:Air Ministry
350:
339:
285:Avro Lincoln
273:
267:(RAAF), and
257:Commonwealth
233:
201:Air Ministry
196:
194:
186:Handley Page
178:heavy bomber
169:
167:
147:First flight
131:Manufactured
118:Number built
81:Handley Page
76:Manufacturer
61:Heavy bomber
29:
6629:Glider tugs
6480:Pathfinders
6465:Firebombing
5970:Dart Herald
4857:Videography
4828:10 December
4491:. Airlife.
3896:Lake, Jon.
3269:Performance
3261:Propellers:
3251:Powerplant:
3066:RAF Kinloss
3058:35 Squadron
2724:Air Freight
2695:Switzerland
1885:Halifax A.V
1872:Halifax B.V
1716:fuselages).
1710:Middle East
1671:Fættenfjord
1656:W1057, ZA-X
1615:, June 1943
1284:Pacific War
1240:parachuting
1122:Second Army
1041:No. 6 Group
1037:No. 4 Group
1030:No. 8 Group
1018:Scharnhorst
978:at left in
969:Scharnhorst
614:tail turret
610:nose turret
542:'s site in
481:Cricklewood
473:wind tunnel
411:Fairey P.24
334:Cricklewood
311:Development
240:Axis Powers
6603:Categories
6427:Grand Slam
6375:Technology
6361:Wellington
6341:Manchester
6266:Operations
6035:Transports
4871:1552595714
4807:1551250853
4792:089747158X
4756:0711019207
4737:0851300987
4711:0711015546
4682:090546950X
4637:0711007675
4611:1861840098
4592:1855328925
4575:075093171X
4560:0718303385
4545:0711000948
4530:0948207892
4515:1857801792
4498:0906393663
4481:0851778038
4151:1856481735
3507:0517641798
3444:References
3307:Power/mass
3228:NACA 23007
3221:NACA 23021
3206:Wing area:
2975:Lake Mjøsa
2605:Aero Cargo
2576:Aircarrier
1607:glider to
1299:Wangerooge
1246:, for the
1008:La Pallice
760:hydraulics
624:Factories
548:Lancashire
544:Samlesbury
526:Production
463:Prototypes
365:cantilever
6387:H2S radar
6336:Lancaster
6290:Hurricane
6274:Bellicose
6257:The Hague
6247:Pforzheim
6237:Heilbronn
6190:Campaigns
6118:Overviews
5975:Jetstream
5903:Airliners
5842:Handcross
5837:Hyderabad
4849:0143-5450
4386:10 August
4226:Lake 1999
4214:Lake 1999
4178:Lake 1999
4166:Lake 1999
4130:Lake 1997
4106:Lake 1997
3484:Citations
3194:Wingspan:
3162:Data from
3044:Built by
3031:Colindale
3005:Stornoway
2957:Built by
2780:Skyflight
2702:Air Globe
2569:Australia
2296:C Flight
2051:Australia
1996:Operators
1980:Halton II
1904:H2S radar
1837:Hampshire
1802:produced.
1700:H2S radar
1675:Trondheim
1540:Merlin XX
1526:produced.
1481:Merlin 10
1307:North Sea
1292:war ended
1275:Osnabrück
1263:Stuttgart
1259:Magdeburg
1180:Nuremberg
1170:The only
1113:Luftwaffe
975:Gneisenau
890:power egg
856:monoplane
824:paratroop
788:Stockport
732:H2S radar
683:Leavesden
670:Stockport
632:Location
516:Yorkshire
368:monoplane
355:released
301:freighter
134:1940–1946
6545:See also
6351:Stirling
6346:Mosquito
6316:Blenheim
6309:Aircraft
6282:Chastise
6067:Hastings
5965:Marathon
5878:Hereford
4967:aircraft
4892:Archived
4454:16 April
4380:Archived
4376:Key Aero
4350:FundRazr
3901:Archived
3365:See also
3350:Avionics
3317:Armament
3009:Hastings
2936:History
2775:Payloads
2749:Chartair
2657:Pakistan
2300:, later
2251:Pakistan
1974:Halton I
1757:ASV.Mk 3
1714:Spitfire
1601:Cornwall
1431:Variants
1339:Pakistan
1324:and the
1279:railways
1255:Hannover
1230:tug, an
1118:Brussels
1004:Le Havre
980:dry dock
946:turret.
872:bomb bay
839:Overview
772:forgings
768:castings
391:Avro 679
295:and the
281:paradrop
263:(RCAF),
6448:Tactics
6422:Tallboy
6366:Whitley
6356:Ventura
6331:Hampden
6326:Halifax
6252:Dresden
6232:Hamburg
6154:Leaders
6001:Gyrojet
5996:Gugnunc
5889:Halifax
5873:Hampden
5863:Heyford
5853:Hinaidi
5795:Bombers
5098:Numbers
5074:Type Ta
4982:Letters
4973:Company
4916:(2006)
4416:17 June
4355:17 June
4330:17 June
4283:17 June
4253:17 June
4091:17 June
3213:Airfoil
3200:Height:
3188:Length:
3071:Tirpitz
2927:Serial
2729:Airtech
2640:Peteair
2029:in 1944
2017:in 1945
1865:Suffolk
1666:Tirpitz
1611:during
1609:Tunisia
1406:in 1950
1367:Belgium
1351:Airdrop
1305:of the
1301:in the
1271:Münster
1267:Cologne
1143:on the
1141:Homberg
864:rudders
745:Perspex
657:Preston
644:Radlett
608:Type C
556:riveted
552:lofting
512:Halifax
508:Halifax
346:bombers
316:Origins
180:of the
155:Retired
126:History
90:Retired
35:Halifax
6397:"Oboe"
6292:(1944)
6242:Kassel
6062:Halton
6026:HP.115
5991:Type L
5960:Hermes
5945:Hamlet
5894:Victor
5883:Harrow
5847:Harrow
5827:Hanley
5822:Hendon
5812:V/1500
5775:HP.137
5770:HP.135
5765:HP.134
5760:HP.133
5755:HP.132
5750:HP.131
5745:HP.130
5740:HP.129
5735:HP.128
5730:HP.127
5725:HP.126
5720:HP.125
5715:HP.124
5710:HP.123
5705:HP.122
5700:HP.120
5695:HP.119
5690:HP.118
5685:HP.117
5680:HP.116
5675:HP.115
5670:HP.114
5665:HP.113
5660:HP.112
5655:HP.111
5650:HP.110
5645:HP.109
5640:HP.108
5635:HP.107
5630:HP.106
5625:HP.105
5620:HP.104
5615:HP.103
5610:HP.102
5605:HP.101
5600:HP.100
5089:Type X
5084:Type W
5079:Type V
5069:Type T
5064:Type S
5059:Type R
5054:Type P
5049:Type O
5044:Type N
5039:Type M
5034:Type L
5029:Type K
5024:Type H
5019:Type G
5014:Type F
5009:Type E
5004:Type D
4999:Type C
4994:Type B
4989:Type A
4920:
4869:
4847:
4818:Flight
4805:
4790:
4772:
4753:
4734:
4709:
4680:
4665:
4650:
4635:
4608:
4589:
4573:
4558:
4543:
4528:
4513:
4495:
4479:
4149:
4145:1994
4058:13 May
3834:Flight
3504:
3342:Bombs:
3128:Sweden
3118:London
3080:Norway
3035:London
3027:W1048
2990:HR792
2944:NA337
2939:Photo
2883:
2861:
2842:France
2839:
2771:(LAMS)
2714:
2692:
2667:
2654:
2634:Norway
2631:
2614:SANA (
2598:France
2595:
2566:
2325:
2280:Poland
2277:
2248:
2215:France
2212:
2190:
2092:Canada
2089:
2048:
1989:Baroda
1956:H.P.71
1943:H.P.70
1839:, 1943
1819:H.P.63
1777:H.P.61
1732:Mk.III
1679:Norway
1631:TR1335
1567:H.P.59
1560:H.P.59
1549:H.P.58
1476:H.P.57
1471:H.P.57
1463:H.P.56
1457:H.P.55
1447:(blue)
1384:London
1244:Europe
1228:glider
1126:Arnhem
1012:France
834:Design
784:Fairey
725:serial
584:, and
485:London
452:H.P.57
403:Shorts
395:Fairey
380:H.P.56
336:, 1942
291:, the
253:Allied
246:, the
197:H.P.56
158:1961 (
87:Status
6494:Units
6402:Gee-H
6382:Chaff
6298:Hydra
6047:HP.51
6042:Clive
6021:HP.88
6016:HP.20
5955:HP.45
5950:HP.42
5910:O/400
5868:HP.51
5858:HP.47
5817:HP.13
5807:O/400
5802:O/100
5595:HP.99
5590:HP.98
5585:HP.97
5580:HP.96
5575:HP.95
5570:HP.94
5565:HP.93
5560:HP.92
5555:HP.91
5550:HP.90
5545:HP.89
5540:HP.88
5535:HP.87
5530:HP.86
5525:HP.85
5520:HP.84
5515:HP.83
5510:HP.82
5505:HP.81
5500:HP.80
5495:HP.79
5490:HP.78
5485:HP.77
5480:HP.76
5475:HP.75
5470:HP.74
5465:HP.73
5460:HP.72
5455:HP.71
5450:HP.70
5445:HP.69
5440:HP.68
5435:HP.67
5430:HP.66
5425:HP.65
5420:HP.64
5415:HP.63
5410:HP.62
5405:HP.61
5400:HP.60
5395:HP.59
5390:HP.58
5385:HP.57
5380:HP.56
5375:HP.55
5370:HP.54
5365:HP.53
5360:HP.52
5355:HP.51
5350:HP.50
5345:HP.49
5340:HP.48
5335:HP.47
5330:HP.46
5325:HP.45
5320:HP.44
5315:HP.43
5310:HP.42
5305:HP.41
5300:HP.40
5295:HP.39
5290:HP.38
5285:HP.37
5280:HP.36
5275:HP.35
5270:HP.34
5265:HP.33
5260:HP.32
5255:HP.31
5250:HP.30
5245:HP.29
5240:HP.28
5235:HP.27
5230:HP.26
5225:HP.25
5220:HP.24
5215:HP.23
5210:HP.22
5205:HP.21
5200:HP.20
5195:HP.19
5190:HP.18
5185:HP.17
5180:HP.16
5175:HP.15
5170:HP.14
5165:HP.13
5160:HP.12
5155:HP.11
5150:HP.10
4302:(PDF)
3449:Notes
3424:Notes
3325:Guns:
3218:root:
3182:Crew:
2820:India
2193:Egypt
1859:, at
1728:Rotol
1724:HR756
1673:near
1224:mines
897:Rotol
780:Speke
764:Dowty
728:V9977
700:1070
696:Speke
661:2145
648:1589
604:in a
500:L7245
493:L7244
6006:Manx
5940:W.10
5925:O/11
5920:O/10
5832:Hare
5788:Role
5145:HP.9
5140:HP.8
5135:HP.7
5130:HP.6
5125:HP.5
5120:HP.4
5115:HP.3
5110:HP.2
5105:HP.1
4918:ISBN
4867:ISBN
4845:ISSN
4830:2011
4803:ISBN
4788:ISBN
4770:ISBN
4751:ISBN
4732:ISBN
4707:ISBN
4678:ISBN
4663:ISBN
4648:ISBN
4633:ISBN
4606:ISBN
4587:ISBN
4571:ISBN
4556:ISBN
4541:ISBN
4526:ISBN
4511:ISBN
4493:ISBN
4477:ISBN
4456:2019
4418:2017
4388:2024
4357:2017
4332:2017
4285:2017
4255:2017
4147:ISBN
4093:2017
4060:2023
3502:ISBN
3327:8 ×
3253:4 ×
3225:tip:
2610:CTAI
1855:and
1333:The
1218:and
1145:Ruhr
1070:and
972:and
862:and
860:fins
782:and
758:and
687:710
674:662
430:and
401:and
255:and
168:The
107:RAAF
103:RCAF
57:Type
6392:Gee
6011:HPS
5935:W.9
5930:W.8
5915:O/7
5885:(2)
5849:(1)
4898:at
4822:XLI
3358:H2S
3108:in
3078:in
3060:at
3052:at
2965:at
2013:at
1987:of
1669:in
1402:at
1382:in
1365:in
998:at
982:at
786:at
778:at
514:in
413:or
203:'s
6605::
4820:.
4816:.
4447:.
4404:.
4374:.
4348:.
4318:.
4271:.
4241:.
4158:^
4079:.
4068:^
4046:.
3972:^
3954:^
3927:^
3826:^
3751:^
3721:^
3706:^
3691:^
3670:^
3627:^
3543:^
3531:^
3516:^
3223:;
3167:,
3123:.
3033:,
3015:.
1863:,
1835:,
1677:,
1658:,
1599:,
1511:,
1320:,
1273:,
1269:,
1265:,
1261:,
1257:,
1214:,
1128:.
1010:,
830:.
762:,
580:,
546:,
483:,
409:,
397:,
271:.
192:.
6105:e
6098:t
6091:v
4957:e
4950:t
4943:v
4873:.
4851:.
4832:.
4809:.
4794:.
4778:.
4759:.
4740:.
4721:.
4713:.
4684:.
4669:.
4654:.
4639:.
4614:.
4595:.
4577:.
4562:.
4547:.
4532:.
4517:.
4501:.
4483:.
4458:.
4420:.
4390:.
4359:.
4334:.
4304:.
4287:.
4257:.
4095:.
4062:.
3510:.
3309::
3215::
2620:)
1991:.
1734:.
1702:.
1681:.
1562:.
738:.
162:)
20:)
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