582:
640:
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518:
726:
367:
705:
718:
606:
625:
526:
562:
72:
553:, revolutionaries quickly captured major strategic cities and towns throughout the province, including Hankou on October 12. The Qing dynasty army recaptured Hankou later, but as the revolution spread throughout China, eventually the town and the province came under control of the Republic of China.
573:
belonging to the United
Kingdom (115 acres (47 ha), est. 1862), France (60 acres (24 ha), est. 1886), Russia (60 acres (24 ha), est. 1886), Germany (100 acres (40 ha), est. 1895) and Japan (32 acres (13 ha), est. 1898). The German and Russian concessions ended in 1917 and
601:
forces occupied the concession and showed no intention of withdrawing. The Chen-O'Malley
Agreement of February 1927 provided for a combined British-Chinese administration of the concession and in 1929 the British concession formally came to an end. From then on it was administered by the Chinese
577:
In 1862, Russian tea merchants arrived in the
British concession of Hankou. Russians in Hankou established four factories using assembly lines and machinery to produce brick tea, and became the city's richest industrialists in what would become the Russian concession.
489:
in present day. Before 1949, Hankou has shifted between being a special municipality and a provincial city. In 1949, Hankou was finally merged with
Hanyang and Wuchang to become Wuhan, when the communists arrived in Hankou on May 16.
916:
484:
succeeded in the fight to be the national capital, Wuhan was returned to its original form, with Hankou being again a city by itself. This time Hankou was established as a "Special
Municipality," which resembles a
745:"Hankou" remains a commonly used name for the part of Wuhan urban area north of the Yangtze and Han Rivers. The name was long preserved in the name of the old Hankou Railway Station (also known as
757:, which opened in 1991 at a new location, farther away from central city. Railway passengers traveling to Wuhan need to purchase tickets to a particular station: the Hankou Railway Station, the
343:
where the Han flows into the
Yangtze. Hankou is connected by bridges to its triplet sister towns Hanyang (between Han and Yangtze) and Wuchang (on the southern side of the Yangtze).
1213:
1208:
644:
701:
and Wuhan Nanhu. Wangjiadun served as a civil and military base until 2007 while Nanhu, on the other hand, shut down while Tianhe
Airport opened in 1995.
856:
676:
The government of Vichy France relinquished the French concession in 1943, and the restored French
Republic relinquished it formally in 1946.
963:
581:
683:
480:
reached Hankou, and merged Hankou with adjacent
Wuchang and Hanyang to make it the seat of the national capital, Wuhan. But in 1927, when
1069:
885:
1007:"The British Concession and the First Years of the Treaty Port · Hankou to Wuhan: Histories from China's Crossroads · Hankou to Wuhan"
534:
58:
691:
687:
469:, Jurenmen, and Dazhimen. By 1900, this boom town on the Yangtze was referred to as "the Chicago of China" by the media back then.
95:
992:
A Thousand Miles of
Miracle in China: A personal record of God's delivering power from the hands of the Imperial Boxers of Shan-si
1088:
459:
decided to separate Hankou from Hanyang. Hankou was then divided into four districts, which are Juren, Youyi, Xunli, and Dazhi (
639:
617:
In the 1920s and 30s, Hankou was one of the Yangtze River ports patrolled by the US Navy to maintain US interests in the area (
234:
220:
206:
1128:
1102:
486:
296:
1006:
385:
286:
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1920 respectively and those areas were administered by the Chinese government as the First and the Second Special Area.
278:
937:
1228:
815:
1223:
1117:
Newspapers in international librarianship: papers presented by the newspapers section at IFLA General Conferences
1090:
Newspapers in International Librarianship: Papers Presented by the Newspaper Section at IFLA General Conferences
1218:
590:
670:
541:
led to the involvement of Hankou in the struggle between Hubei revolutionary forces and the Qing army, led by
658:
An important logistical center, the city was heavily bombed in December 1944 by the US aircraft based in the
792:, the names of which have been retained in the eponymous administrative districts within the City of Wuhan.
758:
54:
1193:
912:
802:
669:
On 19 August 1945, a group of enraged Chinese civilians and soldiers massacred 26 Japanese soldiers in the
754:
570:
860:
762:
465:). Some of the names can still be found in modern-day Wuhan, where there are geographical names such as
1137:
773:
730:
663:
257:
199:
594:
477:
336:
517:
472:
In 1926, Hankou was officially established as a city, where its municipal government was built in
1051:
765:(which opened in 2009, also on the right bank, but a long distance from the historical Wuchang).
452:
76:
The map of Hankou (top left, with the five foreign concessions), Hanyang, and Wuchang, as of 1915
967:
725:
366:
1124:
1098:
1094:
1043:
889:
777:
734:
704:
633:
473:
261:
213:
789:
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781:
769:
753:. After the old Dazhimen station closed in 1991, the Hankou name was transferred to the new
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738:
546:
503:
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448:
265:
227:
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750:
698:
652:
499:
990:
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618:
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316:
35:
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1202:
498:
Hankou was the destination on the escape route of groups of missionaries fleeing the
456:
397:
389:
340:
525:
1185:
561:
538:
444:
440:
393:
1087:
Walravens, Hartmut (January 1, 2003). "German Influence on the Press in China".
542:
502:
in the Northern provinces around 1900. The flight of some missionaries from the
431:
419:
407:
381:
301:
291:
1175:
610:
598:
593:
was occupied in the course of the revolutionary troubles that accompanied the
1047:
768:
Nonetheless, Hankou is no longer the name of an administrative unit (e.g., a
111:
98:
1120:
679:
The Japanese concession came to an end with the surrender of Japan in 1945.
613:
soldiers marching into the British concession during the Northern Expedition
941:
550:
31:
1055:
1031:
71:
659:
481:
355:
17:
761:(near central Wuchang, on the right bank of the Yangtze), or the new
507:
306:
1032:"From Kiachta to Vladivostok: Russian Merchants and the Tea Trade"
724:
716:
703:
638:
623:
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580:
560:
524:
516:
451:, although it was already one of the four major national markets (
365:
351:
332:
328:
324:
253:
628:
1926, Hankow, American sailors from the USS Palos (docked behind)
347:
682:
Before the Communist Revolution, Hankou was the seat of the
1163:
Hankow: Conflict and Community in a Chinese City, 1796-1895
514:, by Reverend A E Glover, one of the fleeing missionaries.
447:, was under the administration of the local government in
1154:
Hankow: Commerce and Society in a Chinese City, 1796-1889
1138:"Japanese Invasion of China: Hangkou / Hanhkow (1937-38)"
384:
of the Han", from its position at the confluence of the
27:
Former Chinese town, now a part of Wuhan, Hubei Province
694:
and elsewhere in the province were subordinated to it.
1115:
Also available in Walravens, Hartmut and Edmund King.
651:
Hankou was captured by the Japanese invaders in 1938 (
354:
and the single largest port in the middle reaches of
995:(Eleventh ed.). London: Pickering & Inglis.
643:
Japanese child's blanket 1938 includes name Hankow.
248:
157:
147:
135:
87:
80:
43:
686:, covering the province of Hubei. The dioceses in
533:On 10 October 1911, a revolution to establish the
315:), was one of the three towns (the other two were
697:In the 1930s, the airports served in Hankow were
800:Hankou once had an English-language newspaper,
400:. Other historical names for the city include
806:, which was published by a German individual.
565:Foreign concessions along the Bund, circa 1900
455:) in Ming dynasty. It was not until 1899 that
1214:States and territories disestablished in 1954
460:
429:
417:
405:
371:
8:
772:), because its area now falls mostly within
370:Map of Hankou (labeled as HAN-K'OU (HANKOW)
1209:States and territories established in 1921
70:
40:
549:with a revolt started by members of the
833:
602:authorities as the Third Special Area.
79:
880:
878:
851:
849:
741:are in brown, dark green, and orange
174:
170:
156:
146:
142:
130:
86:
7:
1194:Historic US Army map of Hankou, 1945
684:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hankou
545:. Although the revolution began in
512:A Thousand Miles of Miracle in China
25:
645:Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities
569:Hankou used to have five foreign
380:The city's name literally means "
1178:
749:), the original terminal of the
647:, Stockholm. The culture of war.
232:
218:
204:
919:from the original on 2013-05-11
913:"Chicago is all over the place"
721:Jianghan Road in central Hankou
585:Bastille Day celebrations, 1932
521:Troops sent to recapture Hankou
841:Zhongguo Gujin Diming Dacidian
487:direct-controlled municipality
461:
430:
418:
406:
372:
323:) merged to become modern-day
311:
300:
290:
1:
989:Glover, Archibald E. (1919).
708:Former Hankou Orthodox Church
1165:. Stanford University Press.
1156:. Stanford University Press.
529:Bombardment of Hankow (1911)
1245:
911:Jacob, Mark (2012-05-13).
816:David Hill memorial school
632:Hankou was flooded in the
557:Foreign concessions period
29:
1161:Rowe, William T. (1992).
1142:Historical Boys' Clothing
335:. It stands north of the
327:city, the capital of the
179:
175:
171:
167:
143:
131:
127:
69:
64:
53:
699:Wuhan Wangjiadun Airport
671:Hankou reprisal massacre
510:is recorded in the work
476:. In the same year, the
392:. The name appears in a
112:30.581179°N 114.272597°E
89: • Coordinates
30:Not to be confused with
759:Wuchang Railway Station
784:. That contrasts with
755:Hankou Railway Station
742:
722:
709:
648:
629:
614:
586:
566:
530:
522:
377:
159:• Disestablished
1144:. September 19, 2011.
1030:Lee, Chinyun (2014).
803:The Hankow Daily News
763:Wuhan Railway Station
728:
720:
707:
642:
627:
608:
584:
564:
528:
520:
494:Revolutionary periods
369:
279:alternately romanized
117:30.581179; 114.272597
664:Operation Matterhorn
970:on February 2, 2014
915:. Chicago Tribune.
892:on February 2, 2014
595:Northern Expedition
589:Early in 1927, the
478:Northern Expedition
346:Hankou is the main
297:traditional Chinese
149:• Established
108: /
743:
723:
710:
649:
630:
615:
591:British concession
587:
567:
531:
523:
504:T'ai-yüan massacre
378:
287:simplified Chinese
1229:Jianghan District
1111:on June 17, 2003.
1095:Walter de Gruyter
1011:hankoutowuhan.org
944:on April 25, 2012
778:Jianghan District
774:Jiang'an District
735:Jianghan District
731:Jiang'an District
634:1931 China floods
597:when the Chinese
535:Republic of China
474:Jianghan district
439:Hankou, from the
272:
271:
244:
243:
240:
239:
214:Jianghan District
200:Jiang'an District
16:(Redirected from
1236:
1224:History of Wuhan
1188:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1166:
1157:
1150:Rowe, William T.
1145:
1131:, 9783598218378.
1112:
1107:. Archived from
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1021:
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940:. Archived from
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902:
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888:. Archived from
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863:on June 25, 2012
859:. Archived from
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782:Qiaokou District
747:Dazhimen Station
739:Qiaokou District
537:and replace the
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1068:Walravens, p.
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964:"武汉近代建市及其历史意义"
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1186:China portal
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1109:the original
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1014:. Retrieved
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972:. Retrieved
968:the original
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946:. Retrieved
942:the original
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921:. Retrieved
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890:the original
865:. Retrieved
861:the original
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187:Succeeded by
186:
571:concessions
543:Yuan Shikai
462:居仁、由義、循禮、大智
153:3 July 1921
115: /
103:114°16′21″E
1203:Categories
1129:3598218370
1104:3110962799
1016:2023-04-03
923:2012-05-22
823:References
611:Kuomintang
599:Kuomintang
331:province,
252:A part of
100:30°34′52″N
1121:K.G. Saur
1048:2166-4307
974:March 31,
948:March 31,
938:""武汉"的由来"
896:March 21,
867:March 21,
828:Citations
810:Education
388:with the
163:June 1954
96:CN-HB-01
65:1921–1954
1152:(1984).
1123:, 2003.
1056:43737542
917:Archived
770:district
609:Chinese
551:New Army
467:Xunlimen
443:to late
396:poem by
264:, &
262:Jianghan
258:Jiang'an
1080:Sources
790:Hanyang
786:Wuchang
729:Modern
692:Hanyang
688:Wuchang
660:Chengdu
547:Wuchang
508:Shan-si
482:Nanjing
453:zh:四大名镇
449:Hanyang
424:), and
414:Miankou
362:History
356:Yangtze
321:Hanyang
317:Wuchang
266:Qiaokou
136:History
1127:
1101:
1054:
1046:
1036:Region
886:"江汉综述"
857:"历史沿革"
818:(1883)
780:, and
737:, and
500:Boxers
402:Xiakou
312:Hànkǒu
309::
307:pinyin
299::
289::
283:Hankow
275:Hankou
139:
44:Hankou
18:Hankow
1052:JSTOR
796:Media
426:Lukou
382:Mouth
333:China
329:Hubei
325:Wuhan
254:Wuhan
59:China
32:Hankø
1125:ISBN
1099:ISBN
1044:ISSN
976:2012
950:2012
898:2012
869:2012
788:and
445:Qing
441:Ming
348:port
339:and
319:and
81:Area
55:City
666:).
655:).
621:.)
506:in
436:).
412:),
386:Han
350:of
337:Han
281:as
57:of
47:汉口市
34:or
1205::
1140:.
1119:.
1097:.
1093:.
1070:91
1050:.
1038:.
1034:.
1009:.
877:^
848:^
776:,
733:,
690:,
673:.
636:.
432:魯口
420:沔口
408:夏口
373:漢口
358:.
305:;
302:漢口
295:;
292:汉口
277:,
260:,
1072:.
1058:.
1040:3
1019:.
978:.
952:.
926:.
900:.
871:.
428:(
416:(
404:(
376:)
285:(
268:)
256:(
38:.
20:)
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