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658:. . . the popular meaning of the term 'clone' is an identical copy that has been created by some conscious design. Under this definition, the first artificially created clone was made in 1885 . . . Depending on the definition used, one could argue that the experiments carried out by Hans Driesch and Hans Spemmann were not instances of true cloning, but artificial twinning.
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271:, and was to be subject to much discussion in the ensuing years. The conclusion caused friction among Driesch, Roux and Haeckel. Driesch's findings brought about the adoption of the terms "totipotent" and "pluripotent" cell, referring respectively to a cell that can generate every cell in an organism and one that can generate nearly every cell.
321:- the first comprehensive presentation of his ideas. From 1909, determined to take up a career in academic philosophy, he taught natural philosophy at the Faculty of Natural Sciences in Heidelberg. In the ensuing decade he published a complete system of philosophy in three volumes, including his fundamental
244:. Driesch studied sea urchin embryos, and found that when he separated the two cells of the embryo after the first cell-division, each developed into a complete sea urchin. This was contrary to his expectation that each cell would develop into the corresponding half of the animal, a prediction based on
352:) where he taught for a semester. He taught at the University of Wisconsin (1926–27) and in Buenos Aires (1928). In 1933 he was removed from his Leipzig chair and prematurely placed in emeritus status by the Nazi administration, the first non-Jewish academic to be thus expelled, because of his
202:. In 1888 he studied physics and chemistry at the University of Munich. He received his doctorate in 1889. He travelled widely on field and study trips and lecture-tours, visiting Plymouth, India, Zurich and Leipzig where, in 1894, he published his
222:, where until 1901 he continued to experiment and seek a theoretical formulation of his results. He enquired into classical and modern philosophy in his search for an adequate theoretical overview and ended by adopting an
978:
248:'s earlier work with frog embryos. This also happened at the four-cell stage: entire larvae ensued from each of the four cells, albeit smaller than usual. By 1885 Driesch's experiments on the
895:
701:
170:. He has also been credited with performing the first artificial 'cloning' of an animal in the 1880s, although this claim is dependent on how one defines cloning.
290:, instead proposed that the autonomy of life that he deduced from this persistence of embryological development despite interferences was due to what he called
332:
In 1919 he was ordinary professor of systematic philosophy at
Cologne and in 1921 professor of philosophy at Leipzig, though he was a visiting professor in
210:. His interests encompassed mathematics, philosophy and physics as well as biology. He married Margarete Relfferschneidt, and the couple had two children.
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wrote that
Driesch was inventing new entities "beyond necessity and the progress of science would be better served by a simpler philosophy." Zoologist
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The stem cell divide : the facts, the fiction, and the fear driving the greatest scientific, political, and religious debate of our time
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The
Science and Philosophy of the Organism: The Gifford Lectures delivered before the University of Aberdeen in the Year 1907 and 1908
394:. In 1931, he published a methodology of parapsychological research (in German) and in 1933 he published a book on the topic titled
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in the early embryo was capable of forming any part of the developing larva. This seemed to be an important refutation of both early
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The
Possibility of Metaphysics: The Course of Four Lectures Delivered before the University of London in March 1924
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or "mind-like", that is; non-spatial, intensive, and qualitative rather than spatial, extensive, and quantitative.
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The
Problem of Individuality: A Course of Four Lectures Delivered before the University of London in October 1913
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who showed that conclusions of equivalence between sea urchin embryonic cells were an over-simplification.
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and open hostility to Nazism. He became interested in parapsychology and published on such phenomena as
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Die
Philosophie des ausgehenden 19. und des 20. Jahrhunderts: Lebensphilosophie und Existenzphilosphie
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commented that the concept of entelechy "does not help in our understanding of matters in the least."
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Oppenheimer, J M (1970). "Hans
Driesch and the theory and practice of embryonic transplantation".
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Driesch's results were confirmed with greater precision, and the experiments extended, by
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Driesch, H. (1926). "Psychical
Research and Established Science". Presidential address.
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The
Spiritualists: The Passion for the Occult in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
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Driesch, believing that his results compromised contemporary mechanistic theories of
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Driesch, H. (1926). "The
Present Status of the Philosophy of Nature in Germany". T
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Die Lokalisation morphogenetischer Vorgänge Ein Beweis vitalistischen Geschehens
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for being based on a religious rather than an objective scientific standpoint.
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His concept of entelechy was criticized by the scientific community. Biologist
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during 1922-23, and in 1923 he received honorable doctor's degree from
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Driesch, H. (1924). "The Biological Setting of Psychical Phenomena".
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Petersen, H (1952). "The biologists Hans Driesch and Hans Spemann".
30:
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A history of the life sciences: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded
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Driesch, H. (1927). "Psychical Research and Philosophy". In:
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Driesch developed a deep interest in Psychical Research and
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Thurnher, Rainer, Röd, Wolfgang and Schmidinger, Heinrich,
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of the early embryo without affecting the resulting larva.
740:. University of California Publications in Zoology. p. 180
309:
Driesch was awarded the chair of natural theology at the
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embryo showed that it was even possible to shuffle the
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at the University of Freiburg. In 1887 he attended the
398:. From 1926 to 1927 he served as the president of the
158:. He is most noted for his early experimental work in
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People educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums
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Behavior of the Starfish, Asterias Forreri De Loriol
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Driesch, H. (1934). "Psychiatry and Mental Health".
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Psychical Research: The Science of the Super-Normal
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Psychical Research: The Science of the Super-normal
378:His vitalist writings were criticized by historian
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817:Ergebnisse der Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte
545:Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research
896:Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
702:Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
429:Analytische Theorie der organischen Entwicklung
204:Analytische Theorie der organischen Entwicklung
146:(28 October 1867 – 17 April 1941) was a German
8:
524:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
417:Die Biologie als selbstständige Wissenschaft
465:(2 vols.). London: Adam and Charles Black.
435:Der Vitalismus als Geschichte und als Lehre
182:. He began to study medicine in 1886 under
325:(1912) in which he proposed a three-part "
319:The Science and Philosophy of the Organism
218:From 1891 Driesch worked in Naples at the
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556:The Case For and Against Psychical Belief
259:These findings suggested that any single
475:2nd ed. London: A. & C. Black, 1929.
670:UXL online biography, accessed May 2008
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558:. Worcester: Clark University, 163–178.
901:Newspaper clippings about Hans Driesch
756:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 91-92.
208:Analytic Theory of Organic Development
571:, trans.) London: G. Bell & Sons.
267:ideas and the later mosaic theory of
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795:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
236:Under the influence of his teacher
503:The History and Theory of Vitalism
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944:20th-century German philosophers
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441:Der Begriff der organischen Form
342:National Southeastern University
16:German biologist and philosopher
959:People from the Rhine Province
934:20th-century German biologists
879:Works by or about Hans Driesch
400:Society for Psychical Research
180:Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums
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969:University of Freiburg alumni
480:The Justification of Vitalism
510:, trans.) London: Macmillan.
298:'s philosophy to indicate a
178:Driesch was educated at the
905:20th Century Press Archives
447:Philosophie des Organischen
346:National Central University
282:The philosophy of entelechy
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888:Biography and bibliography
694:Biography and bibliography
974:University of Jena alumni
954:People from Bad Kreuznach
849:Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch
712:Jenkinson, J. W. (1911).
636:Bellomo, Michael (2006).
626:, C.H.Beck, 2002, p. 378.
313:, where he delivered the
302:which he conceived of as
220:Marine Biological Station
214:Experiments in embryology
144:Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch
137:
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23:Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch
776:Griffith, O. W. (1915).
522:The Crisis in Psychology
373:Herbert Spencer Jennings
294:, a term borrowed from
531:. London: Faith Press.
311:University of Aberdeen
870:Works by Hans Driesch
200:Christian Ernst Stahl
92:Developmental biology
939:German embryologists
866:at Wikimedia Commons
561:Driesch, H. (1933).
527:Driesch, H. (1925).
520:Driesch, H. (1925).
500:Driesch, H. (1914).
497:. London: Macmillan.
491:Driesch, H. (1914).
478:Driesch, H. (1912).
459:Driesch, H. (1908).
360:, clairvoyance, and
317:in 1906 and 1908 on
964:German male writers
785:The Hibbert Journal
721:The Hibbert Journal
604:Alexander Gurwitsch
517:15 (July): 433–456.
892:Virtual Laboratory
847:Works by or about
779:Theory of Vitalism
698:Virtual Laboratory
642:. Amacom. p.
576:Ancient Philosophy
569:Theodore Besterman
485:Cambridge Magazine
471:2015-04-02 at the
350:Nanjing University
188:University of Jena
49:Kingdom of Prussia
949:Parapsychologists
874:Project Gutenberg
862:Media related to
684:, CRC Press, 2002
653:978-0-8144-0881-0
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118:Scientific career
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61:(1941-04-17)
929:1941 deaths
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724:9: 545-559.
508:C. K. Ogden
362:telekinesis
329:of order".
254:blastomeres
224:Aristotlean
174:Early years
152:philosopher
78:Citizenship
918:Categories
853:Wikisource
752:. (1983).
736:. (1907).
610:References
454:In English
300:life force
250:sea urchin
229:theory of
160:embryology
132:philosophy
984:Vitalists
823:: 61–82.
578:44: 152.
537:he Monist
515:The Quest
411:In German
358:telepathy
296:Aristotle
292:entelechy
231:entelechy
168:entelechy
148:biologist
101:entelechy
829:12998604
715:Vitalism
583:See also
469:Archived
354:pacifism
327:doctrine
304:psychoid
288:ontogeny
164:vitalist
97:vitalist
907:of the
903:in the
894:of the
890:in the
881:at the
808:4921425
700:of the
696:in the
554:(ed.),
338:Beijing
334:Nanjing
238:Haeckel
128:Biology
71:Germany
67:Leipzig
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650:
443:(1919)
437:(1905)
431:(1894)
425:(1899)
419:(1893)
190:under
124:Fields
82:German
154:from
825:PMID
804:PMID
758:ISBN
648:ISBN
348:and
336:and
261:cell
198:and
150:and
130:and
95:Neo-
56:Died
38:Born
909:ZBW
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851:at
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567:. (
506:. (
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