692:
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33:
815:: he argued that immigrants should either assimilate into Dutch culture, or return to their country of birth. His best known slogans were "Holland is not a country of immigration," "full=full" and "we will abolish the multicultural society, as soon as we get the chance and power"; he was convicted for the last two statements. According to Jan van de Beek, Hans Janmaat often used economic arguments in his tirades against immigrants.
810:
Janmaat wanted to represent the indigenous Dutch workers and middle class. His views were based mostly on economic and materialistic arguments rather than an underlying ideology. Disappointing economic growth, unemployment and government cutbacks could not be addressed while large numbers of
749:
After disagreements and a power struggle with other members of the
Centrum Party, he was expelled from the CP in October 1984. However, he retained his seat in parliament, in accordance with Dutch law. Janmaat officially launched his own party, the
761:
was disrupted by left-wing activists, who set fire to the building. Janmaat narrowly escaped with his life, CD secretary (and later wife of
Janmaat) Wil Schuurman lost a leg because of injuries sustained jumping out of a window to escape the fire.
859:, Emeritus Professor of Political Theory of Ethnic Relations at the University of Amsterdam, argued in 2006 that Janmaat was convicted for statements that are now commonplace due to changes in the political climate (caused in part by the
780:, when he gained three seats. Major political parties changed their response to Janmaat and his views: rather than actively ignoring him they also started openly addressing the issue of immigration. In the
628:, but had to drop out two years later after his father could no longer afford the tuition fees. Having to give up his studies to work was the first of many setbacks he would often refer to later in life.
1421:
1411:
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1416:
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754:(CD) in November 1984. Politically, the party did not differ greatly from the CP, except that it was strongly centered around Janmaat, to prevent another power struggle.
874:
As the first public spokesperson who tried to put the topic of immigration on the Dutch political agenda, Janmaat has been mentioned as a forerunner of Pim
Fortuyn,
798:
His failing health forced him to withdraw from politics, however the changing political climate did prompt him to challenge his conviction for discrimination at the
1381:
723:(CP). After several interviews, he joined the party as its seventh member. Starting as a publicity worker, he would rapidly rise to be the party's top and was its
1401:
677:(DS'70) party. Despite his efforts, he was not considered suitable for a front line position because of his capriciousness and tendency to go against the grain.
691:
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should not be allowed to hold a high office because of his Jewish heritage and said he was not saddened by the sudden death of political opponent
642:
In the early 1960s, Janmaat ran a furniture factory with two of his brothers, but it burned down in 1966. He used the insurance payout to study
1346:
1254:
734:
708:
298:
136:
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the CD lost all three of its seats. Janmaat had become increasingly paranoid and said that computers used for voting had been tampered with.
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32:
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650:. Fellow-students found him ambitious, provocative and witty. In 1969, he participated in the occupation of the
625:
577:
Although he was widely known, he was never a major force in the Dutch political landscape, partly because of a
542:
1138:
887:
647:
533:
757:
Several attempts were made to reconcile the differences between CP and CD. One such meeting in a hotel in
654:, the university's administrative center, as part of a student protest. He completed his studies in 1972.
616:
family. His father was a salesman and insurance broker. When
Janmaat was 4 years old, the family moved to
427:
338:
206:
1040:
987:
891:
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came to the
Netherlands. His increasingly radical stance lead to a break with the KVP as well as DS'70.
588:
1371:
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963:
860:
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131:
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Evi Hock, having met her while working in
Germany. In 1979, they divorced. In 1996, Janmaat married
853:
on discussing negative aspects of immigration existed in the Dutch political climate in the 1980s.
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He often made controversial remarks about immigrants and other politicians. He argued that
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prison sentence for incitement to hatred and discrimination against foreigners.
819:
769:, Janmaat lost his seat in parliament, however he regained his single seat in
566:(3 November 1934 – 9 June 2002) was a Dutch businessman and politician of the
528:
834:
738:
696:
395:
1230:
758:
632:
624:
in relative peace. After graduating in 1954, Janmaat started a study in
791:, however it did not get off the ground and did not participate in the
894:, which booked greater electoral successes in the following decades.
823:
737:, which went to Janmaat. Other political parties largely ignored and
663:
787:
In 1999, Janmaat was in the process of starting another party, the
662:
After graduating, Janmaat held part-time positions as a teacher of
604:
Johannes
Gerardus Hendrikus Janmaat was born on 3 November 1934 in
850:
702:
690:
680:
In the 1970s, he became more interested in the emerging issue of
1113:
811:
immigrants were flowing into the country. Janmaat was against a
719:
which drew his attention to the recently founded extreme-right
849:
around
Janmaat, ignoring him while he spoke in parliament. A
1057:"Rechter veroordeelt Janmaat en Freling tot vier weken cel"
666:. He also ran a one-man consultancy for small businesses.
1422:
673:(KVP). He also worked in several commissions for the
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612:, as the oldest of nine children in a traditional
1412:Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
1094:"Freedom of expression or freedom to insult?,"
776:His biggest political success would be in the
1041:"Dutch too PC about the cost of immigration,"
8:
982:
980:
639:. No children were born in either marriage.
273:16 September 1982 – 15 October 1984
219:16 September 1982 – 15 October 1984
1039:Jan van de Beek as cited by Michel Hoebink
818:He was often accused of committing acts of
802:. Janmaat's death in 2002 halted the case.
1432:People convicted of racial hatred offences
1417:Independent politicians in the Netherlands
1377:Centre Democrats (Netherlands) politicians
1180:
564:Johannes Gerardus Hendrikus "Hans" Janmaat
20:
962:Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis.
322:16 September 1982 – 3 June 1986
311:14 September 1989 – 19 May 1998
149:14 September 1989 – 19 May 1998
102:7 November 1984 – 18 April 2002
60:7 November 1984 – 18 April 2002
1010:
1008:
903:
822:, and received fines and a conditional
486:
1382:Centre Party (Netherlands) politicians
1139:"Moet Janmaat worden gerehabiliteerd?"
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299:Member of the House of Representatives
196:15 October 1984 – 3 June 1986
1402:Dutch politicians convicted of crimes
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733:. The party won a single seat in the
699:with protesters on 16 September 1982.
478:
7:
1081:"Call Wilders what he is: a racist,"
516:
366:Johannes Gerardus Hendrikus Janmaat
553:Politician · businessman · teacher
14:
1462:20th-century Dutch businesspeople
1437:People convicted of speech crimes
1044:Radio Netherlands Worldwide (NRW)
1447:People from Gouda, South Holland
482:
90:Chairman of the Centre Democrats
31:
1427:Party chairs of the Netherlands
715:In 1980, he read an article in
512:
474:
1472:20th-century Dutch politicians
1457:University of Amsterdam alumni
1407:Dutch political party founders
48:Leader of the Centre Democrats
1:
1467:20th-century Dutch educators
1387:Dutch expatriates in Germany
1118:"Extreemrechts in Nederland"
863:, and the assassinations of
620:, where it would endure the
16:Dutch politician (1934–2002)
570:(CP) who later founded the
1488:
1452:Politicians from The Hague
1197:Leader of the Centre Party
1175:Drs. J.G.H. (Hans) Janmaat
583:imposed by Prime Minister
539:Bachelor of Social Science
261:Leader of the Centre Party
1334:
1304:
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1016:"Met excuses aan Janmaat"
800:European Court of Justice
675:Democratic Socialists '70
557:
440:Democratic Socialists '70
352:
315:
304:
266:
212:
189:
142:
95:
53:
42:
30:
1347:House of Representatives
1255:House of Representatives
1184:Party political offices
1177:Parlement & Politiek
845:Other parties erected a
735:House of Representatives
729:(top candidate) for the
709:House of Representatives
626:aeronautical engineering
543:Master of Social Science
403:Cause of death
137:House of Representatives
1083:nrc.nl (8 October 2009)
888:Partij voor de Vrijheid
671:Catholic People's Party
669:In 1972, he joined the
648:University of Amsterdam
534:University of Amsterdam
446:Catholic People's Party
1442:People from Amstelveen
1096:nrc.nl (27 March 2008)
789:Conservative Democrats
712:
700:
1397:Dutch Roman Catholics
1392:Dutch anti-communists
892:Forum voor Democratie
813:multicultural society
706:
694:
1337:Parliamentary leader
1245:Parliamentary leader
861:September 11 attacks
707:Hans Janmaat in the
695:Hans Janmaat on the
684:as large numbers of
132:Parliamentary leader
37:Hans Janmaat in 1983
1270:New political party
831:Ernst Hirsch Ballin
631:In 1966 he married
328:Parliamentary group
249:Parliamentary group
242:Office discontinued
202:Parliamentary group
179:Parliamentary group
172:Office discontinued
125:Office discontinued
83:Office discontinued
884:Leefbaar Nederland
882:and their parties
713:
701:
230:Office established
160:Office established
113:Office established
71:Office established
1355:
1354:
1228:Succeeded by
1204:Succeeded by
606:Nes aan de Amstel
561:
560:
379:Nes aan de Amstel
1479:
1342:Centre Democrats
1312:Centre Democrats
1296:Centre Democrats
1286:Party disbanded
1278:Centre Democrats
1276:Chairman of the
1189:Preceded by
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847:cordon sanitaire
752:Centre Democrats
745:Centre Democrats
580:cordon sanitaire
572:Centre Democrats
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415:Centre Democrats
392:
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357:Personal details
333:Centre Democrats
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964:"Janmaat, Hans"
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806:Political views
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711:on 17 May 1984.
686:foreign workers
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1294:Leader of the
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1191:Henry Brookman
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1046:(2 April 2010)
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717:Vrij Nederland
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1250:Centre Party
1243:
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1219:Centre Party
1214:Lijsttrekker
1212:
1195:
1146:. Retrieved
1142:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1088:
1076:
1064:. Retrieved
1060:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1019:
995:. Retrieved
991:
988:"Weggevaagd"
967:. Retrieved
873:
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726:lijsttrekker
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644:politicology
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585:Ruud Lubbers
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568:Centre Party
563:
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464:Josepha Hock
443:(1979–1980)
437:(1981–1984)
434:Centre Party
424:affiliations
391:(2002-06-09)
345:Centre Party
342:(1984–1986)
336:(1989–1998)
317:
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289:Succeeded by
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254:Centre Party
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237:Succeeded by
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167:Succeeded by
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120:Succeeded by
112:
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78:Succeeded by
70:
55:
25:Hans Janmaat
18:
1372:2002 deaths
1367:1934 births
865:Pim Fortuyn
820:hate speech
682:immigration
652:Maagdenhuis
449:(1972–1979)
428:Independent
417:(1984–2002)
389:9 June 2002
348:(1982–1984)
339:Independent
279:Preceded by
225:Preceded by
207:Independent
155:Preceded by
108:Preceded by
66:Preceded by
1361:Categories
1351:1989–1998
1300:1984–2002
1282:1984–2002
1259:1982–1984
1206:Nico Konst
1201:1982–1984
1172:(in Dutch)
898:References
739:ostracized
600:Early life
550:Occupation
529:Alma mater
481:;
372:1934-11-03
293:Nico Konst
835:Ien Dales
697:Binnenhof
622:war years
595:Biography
396:The Hague
318:In office
307:In office
269:In office
215:In office
192:In office
145:In office
98:In office
56:In office
1231:Pim Lier
1166:Official
759:Kedichem
658:Politics
1344:in the
1339:of the
1309:of the
1252:in the
1247:of the
1216:of the
765:In the
646:at the
633:Belgian
521:
509:
505:
491:
471:
467:
454:Spouses
431:(1984)
134:in the
1239:First
1148:9 June
1123:9 June
1066:9 June
1025:9 June
997:9 June
969:9 June
841:Legacy
824:felony
664:civics
574:(CD).
515:
485:
477:
1263:Last
1020:Trouw
851:taboo
741:him.
618:Gouda
519:)
511:(
507:
489:)
473:(
469:
1329:1998
1325:1994
1321:1989
1317:1986
1224:1982
1150:2010
1125:2010
1114:VPRO
1068:2010
1027:2010
999:2010
971:2010
890:and
878:and
867:and
771:1989
517:1996
487:1979
483:div.
479:1966
386:Died
362:Born
871:).
608:in
587:'s
1363::
1327:,
1323:,
1319:,
1141:.
1116:.
1101:^
1059:.
1018:.
1007:^
990:.
979:^
906:^
886:,
837:.
795:.
773:.
591:.
541:,
513:m.
475:m.
1152:.
1127:.
1070:.
1029:.
1001:.
973:.
545:)
537:(
374:)
370:(
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