193:
714:
than a decade in nuclear weapons research, said a final version of the doctrine was due in August but has not yet appeared. "This doctrine does not deliver on the Bush administration pledge of a reduced role for nuclear weapons," Kristensen said. "It provides justification for contentious concepts not proven and implies the need for
713:
Hans M. Kristensen, a consultant to the
Natural Resources Defense Council, who discovered the document on the Pentagon Web site, said yesterday that it "emphasizes the need for a robust nuclear arsenal ready to strike on short notice including new missions." Kristensen, who has specialized for more
657:
In an interview, Kristensen argued that even though the number is declining, the capability of remaining weapons is increasing as older missiles, for example, get new engines, guidance sets and computer
169:
announced that the United States would use nuclear weapons as a first strike in "extreme circumstance," without any objection from
Kristensen or the Federation of American Scientists.
1274:
254:
144:
agencies to release documents. He maintains an on-line overview of the number of nuclear weapons in the world, and writes frequently on the FAS Strategic
Security Blog.
1269:
489:
147:
He is critical of the development and deployment of nuclear weaponry by the United States, the United
Kingdom, and France. In 2005 he discovered a draft document on a
130:
674:
1299:
1294:
137:
618:
731:
141:
561:
1164:
855:
1289:
505:
1144:
883:
591:
557:
424:
392:
388:
247:
126:
122:
94:
177:
1103:
1222:
1209:
1159:
700:
265:
1108:
154:
that proposed a change in U.S. nuclear doctrine to include the possibility of a preemptive nuclear strike. Even though
62:
1203:
1230:
933:
928:
793:
1123:
355:
155:
288:
1987–1991: Regional
Coordinator (Nordic Countries), Nuclear Free Seas Campaign, Greenpeace International,
848:
282:
644:
595:
1179:
824:
497:
1284:
1027:
1019:
1011:
812:
173:
802:
203:
1149:
715:
81:
549:
1279:
1238:
1217:
1113:
258:
125:. He writes about nuclear weapons policy there; he is coauthor of the Nuclear Notebook column in the
1194:
841:
679:
433:
218:
447:
675:"Pentagon Revises Nuclear Strike Plan (Strategy Includes Preemptive Use Against Banned Weapons)"
1154:
1118:
1042:
692:
684:
636:
519:
511:
501:
471:
463:
455:
240:
2005–present: Director, Nuclear
Information Project, Federation of American Scientists,
756:
214:
1243:
978:
973:
628:
437:
272:
241:
1248:
1004:
953:
923:
918:
806:
527:
158:
380:
1128:
983:
161:
had not approved the change, its publication provoked a reaction from some members of
1263:
1063:
988:
968:
963:
958:
948:
670:
162:
1078:
1035:
898:
893:
878:
148:
295:
1987: International
Coordinator, Disarmament Campaign, Greenpeace International,
1084:
1070:
943:
938:
903:
888:
302:
1982–1986: National
Coordinator, Disarmament Campaign, Greenpeace Denmark.
913:
908:
864:
289:
688:
640:
523:
515:
475:
459:
451:
1049:
623:
531:
166:
696:
121:(born April 7, 1961) is director of the Nuclear Information Project at the
732:"Joe Biden ready to use nuclear weapons first in 'extreme circumstances'"
786:
278:
1996: Consultant, Western States Legal
Foundation, Berkeley, California.
1056:
632:
494:
SIPRI Yearbook 2007: Armaments, Disarmament, and
International Security
151:
442:
419:
344:
583:
296:
52:
467:
837:
281:
1991–1996: Senior Researcher, Military Information Unit,
799:
787:
Biography: Hans Kristensen (Federation of American Scientists)
492:(30 August 2007). "Appendix 12A. World nuclear forces, 2007".
186:
833:
264:
1997–1998: Special Advisor, Danish Defence Commission,
246:
2002–2005: Consultant to the Nuclear Program at the
210:
339:
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
319:
317:
1187:
1173:
1137:
1096:
997:
871:
108:
100:
90:
68:
58:
48:
30:
23:
16:
Researcher and author on nuclear weapons and policy
619:"US considering implications of nuclear decline"
490:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
131:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
849:
8:
730:Allen, Nick; Sabur, Rozina (25 March 2022).
129:, and the World Nuclear Forces appendix in
856:
842:
834:
20:
441:
136:His work especially relies on using the
1275:American anti–nuclear weapons activists
1270:Danish expatriates in the United States
345:"Curriculum Vitae - Hans M. Kristensen"
313:
716:Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator (RNEP)
1165:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (NZ)
7:
823:; Norris, Robert S. (8 April 2009).
598:from the original on 6 December 2019
564:from the original on 6 December 2019
395:from the original on 6 December 2019
253:1998–2002: Senior Researcher,
104:Writings on nuclear weapons policy
14:
1300:People associated with Greenpeace
1295:American male non-fiction writers
1145:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
800:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
617:Burns, Robert (26 October 2008).
592:Federation of American Scientists
558:Federation of American Scientists
425:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
389:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
361:from the original on 7 April 2019
248:Natural Resources Defense Council
127:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
123:Federation of American Scientists
95:Federation of American Scientists
761:Carnegie Corporation of New York
550:"Status of World Nuclear Forces"
191:
178:Carnegie Corporation of New York
1104:Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand
273:Danish Broadcasting Corporation
813:Hans M. Kristensen in the news
1:
826:Press briefing, April 8, 2009
1109:Greenpeace Australia Pacific
548:; Korda, Matt (1 May 2019).
1160:Don't Make a Wave Committee
420:"U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2009"
172:In 2020, an honoree of the
1316:
1290:American political writers
266:Danish Ministry of Defence
200:This biographical section
138:Freedom of Information Act
133:'s annual SIPRI Yearbook.
1124:Greenpeace Southeast Asia
496:. SIPRI Yearbook Series.
283:Greenpeace International
165:. In 2022, US President
1224:How to Change the World
498:Oxford University Press
1204:Greenpeace – The Album
174:Great Immigrants Award
119:Hans Møller Kristensen
25:Hans Møller Kristensen
1150:Greenpeace Foundation
1138:Related organisations
805:5 August 2009 at the
673:(11 September 2005).
213:by revising it to be
82:Anti-nuclear activist
1239:Mister Splashy Pants
1218:Rainbow Warrior Case
1188:Other related topics
1114:Greenpeace East Asia
794:List of Publications
757:"Hans M. Kristensen"
594:. 19 November 2019.
584:"Strategic Security"
500:. pp. 514–577.
434:Taylor & Francis
418:(27 November 2015).
259:Berkeley, California
183:Professional history
1232:The Rainbow Warrior
821:Kristensen, Hans M.
680:The Washington Post
416:Kristensen, Hans M.
414:Norris, Robert S.;
647:on 24 October 2012
381:"Nuclear Notebook"
354:. 1 October 2007.
285:, Washington, D.C.
271:1997: Consultant,
255:Nautilus Institute
250:, Washington, D.C.
1257:
1256:
1155:London Greenpeace
1119:Greenpeace Nordic
443:10.2968/065002008
299:, United Kingdom.
236:
235:
116:
115:
1307:
1244:Public Eye Award
1097:Regional offices
974:Fernando Pereira
858:
851:
844:
835:
830:
790:
789:
772:
771:
769:
767:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
727:
721:
720:
710:
708:
699:. Archived from
667:
661:
660:
654:
652:
643:. Archived from
629:Washington, D.C.
614:
608:
607:
605:
603:
580:
574:
573:
571:
569:
546:Kristensen, Hans
542:
536:
535:
486:
480:
479:
445:
411:
405:
404:
402:
400:
377:
371:
370:
368:
366:
360:
349:
341:
242:Washington, D.C.
231:
228:
222:
195:
194:
187:
112:Project Director
44:
40:
38:
21:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1249:World Park Base
1212:Rainbow Warrior
1210:Sinking of the
1183:
1169:
1133:
1092:
1029:Rainbow Warrior
1021:Rainbow Warrior
1013:Rainbow Warrior
1006:Phyllis Cormack
993:
954:Stephen Tindale
924:David McTaggart
919:Will E. Jackson
867:
862:
819:Oelrich, Ivan;
818:
807:Wayback Machine
785:
784:
781:
776:
775:
765:
763:
755:
754:
750:
740:
738:
729:
728:
724:
706:
704:
703:on 6 March 2008
669:
668:
664:
650:
648:
616:
615:
611:
601:
599:
582:
581:
577:
567:
565:
544:
543:
539:
508:
488:
487:
483:
413:
412:
408:
398:
396:
385:thebulletin.org
379:
378:
374:
364:
362:
358:
347:
343:
342:
315:
310:
305:
232:
226:
223:
211:help improve it
208:
196:
192:
185:
86:
63:Vesthimmerlands
42:
36:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1129:Greenpeace USA
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1044:Arctic Sunrise
1040:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1001:
999:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
984:Dennis Delaney
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Michael Bailey
881:
875:
873:
869:
868:
863:
861:
860:
853:
846:
838:
832:
831:
816:
815:(FAS overview)
810:
797:
791:
780:
779:External links
777:
774:
773:
748:
722:
671:Pincus, Walter
662:
609:
575:
537:
507:978-0199230211
506:
481:
406:
372:
312:
311:
309:
306:
304:
303:
300:
293:
286:
279:
276:
269:
262:
251:
244:
237:
234:
233:
199:
197:
190:
184:
181:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:Known for
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
85:
84:
79:
76:
72:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1312:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:Living people
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1000:
996:
990:
989:Von Hernandez
987:
985:
982:
980:
979:Daniel Beltrá
977:
975:
972:
970:
969:Peter Willcox
967:
965:
964:Dorothy Stowe
962:
960:
959:Jean McSorley
957:
955:
952:
950:
949:Andy Stirling
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
934:Patrick Moore
932:
930:
929:Robert Hunter
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
874:
870:
866:
859:
854:
852:
847:
845:
840:
839:
836:
828:
827:
822:
817:
814:
811:
808:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
788:
783:
782:
778:
762:
758:
752:
749:
737:
736:The Telegraph
733:
726:
723:
719:
717:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:
676:
672:
666:
663:
659:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:
620:
613:
610:
597:
593:
589:
585:
579:
576:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
541:
538:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
503:
499:
495:
491:
485:
482:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:
421:
417:
410:
407:
394:
390:
386:
382:
376:
373:
357:
353:
352:nukestrat.com
346:
340:
338:
336:
334:
332:
330:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
318:
314:
307:
301:
298:
294:
291:
287:
284:
280:
277:
274:
270:
267:
263:
260:
256:
252:
249:
245:
243:
239:
238:
230:
220:
216:
212:
206:
205:
204:like a résumé
198:
189:
188:
182:
180:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
145:
143:
142:US government
139:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
43:(age 63)
41:April 7, 1961
33:
29:
22:
19:
1231:
1223:
1211:
1202:
1195:
1178:
1174:Publications
1085:
1079:Yellow Thing
1077:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1005:
899:Ben Metcalfe
894:Irving Stowe
879:Phil Radford
825:
820:
764:. Retrieved
760:
751:
739:. Retrieved
735:
725:
712:
705:. Retrieved
701:the original
678:
665:
656:
649:. Retrieved
645:the original
622:
612:
600:. Retrieved
587:
578:
566:. Retrieved
553:
545:
540:
493:
484:
429:
423:
415:
409:
397:. Retrieved
384:
375:
363:. Retrieved
351:
224:
219:encyclopedic
201:
171:
146:
135:
118:
117:
18:
1280:1961 births
1196:Golden Rule
944:John Sauven
939:Oscar Soria
904:Paul Watson
889:Kumi Naidoo
809:(BAS index)
796:(FAS index)
227:August 2023
202:is written
69:Occupations
49:Nationality
1264:Categories
1065:Greenpeace
914:Jim Bohlen
909:Rex Weyler
865:Greenpeace
829:(Podcast).
707:6 December
651:6 December
602:6 December
568:6 December
399:6 December
365:6 December
308:References
292:, Denmark.
290:Copenhagen
140:to compel
75:Researcher
37:1961-04-07
1180:Unearthed
1037:Esperanza
689:0190-8286
658:software.
641:0734-7456
624:USA Today
532:10146030M
524:953643904
516:0953-0282
476:470268256
460:0096-3402
452:1938-3282
436:: 59–69.
176:named by
167:Joe Biden
156:Secretary
59:Education
1072:Gondwana
803:Archived
741:13 April
596:Archived
562:Archived
468:48034039
393:Archived
391:. 2019.
356:Archived
163:Congress
159:Rumsfeld
149:Pentagon
91:Employer
1198:(ketch)
1088:(yacht)
766:26 June
697:2269358
633:Gannett
588:fas.org
554:fas.org
215:neutral
209:Please
152:website
1234:(film)
1226:(film)
1051:Sirius
872:People
695:
687:
639:
530:
522:
514:
504:
474:
466:
458:
450:
78:Author
53:Danish
1031:(III)
998:Ships
448:eISSN
432:(2).
359:(PDF)
348:(PDF)
297:Lewes
109:Title
1058:Solo
1023:(II)
768:2024
743:2022
709:2019
693:OCLC
685:ISSN
653:2019
637:ISSN
604:2019
570:2019
520:OCLC
512:ISSN
502:ISBN
472:OCLC
464:LCCN
456:ISSN
401:2019
367:2019
217:and
31:Born
1086:Fri
1015:(I)
438:doi
1266::
759:.
734:.
718:."
711:.
691:.
683:.
677:.
655:.
635:.
631::
627:.
621:.
590:.
586:.
560:.
556:.
552:.
528:OL
526:.
518:.
510:.
470:.
462:.
454:.
446:.
430:65
428:.
422:.
387:.
383:.
350:.
316:^
257:,
39:)
857:e
850:t
843:v
770:.
745:.
606:.
572:.
534:.
478:.
440::
403:.
369:.
275:.
268:.
261:.
229:)
225:(
221:.
207:.
35:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.