145:– have been identified. In some cases, because testing is undertaken only for geographically and historically likely haplogroups, the data required to identify a precise subclade has not been collected and/or recorded. For instance, research published in 2013, regarding a sample of more than 2,000 men from different parts of Africa, included 7.5% belonging to haplogroup BT(xDE,K). These approximately 150 individuals may have included, for example: B*, unknown primary branches of haplogroups B, BT, CT or CF; haplogroup
597:
199:
40:
194:
Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome
Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single
418:
Skoglund, Pontus; Thompson, Jessica C; Prendergast, Mary E; Mittnik, Alissa; Sirak, Kendra; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Salie, Tasneem; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Peltzer, Alexander; Heinze, Anja; Olalde, Iñigo; Ferry, Matthew; Harney, Eadaoin; Michel, Megan; Stewardson, Kristin; Cerezo-Román, Jessica
539:: "BT is shown on this tree, though it is not considered to be a part of Haplogroup A, in order to make it clear that, as a sibling clade of A1b1, BT and all other haplogroups are downstream of A1b. Listed 15 February 2012." (also note that the group labelled "A1b" in the image is the "A0" of
1256:
K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik
203:
The revised y-chromosome family tree by
Cruciani et al. (2011) compared with the family tree from Karafet et al. (2008). Cruciani et al. (2011) define BT via M91 and P97, and as a consequence, ISOGG has listed BT since February 2012, and treated M91 as defining mutation for BT since
419:
I; Chiumia, Chrissy; Crowther, Alison; Gomani-Chindebvu, Elizabeth; Gidna, Agness O; Grillo, Katherine M; Helenius, I. Taneli; Hellenthal, Garrett; Helm, Richard; Horton, Mark; López, Saioa; Mabulla, Audax Z.P; Parkington, John; et al. (2017).
1092:
137:
BT* has not been documented in any living individuals or ancient remains. No definite examples of BT(xCF,DE) – i.e. members of BT outside the only two known branches of CT, namely haplogroups
276:
266:
1119:
Van Oven M, Van
Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".
216:
126:, dated to around 6100 years ago (2/2 males), and at Mount Hora, Malawi, dated to around 8000 years ago (1/1 males), all belonged to Y haplogroup BT(xCT).
1097:
581:
271:
246:
104:
1316:
571:
527:(BT-M91 listed as subclade of A1a-M31). ISOGG has listed M42 as a mutation characteristic (but not defining) of BT since 2012.
369:
Cruciani, Fulvio; Trombetta, Beniamino; Massaia, Andrea; Destro-Bisol, Giovanni; Sellitto, Daniele; Scozzari, Rosaria (2011).
90:
Page65.1/SRY1532.1/SRY10831.1, M42, M91, M94, M139, M299, P97, V21, V29, V31, V59, V64, V102, V187, V202, V216, V235
1238:
Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as
Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
760:
178:
76:
700:
371:"A Revised Root for the Human y Chromosomal Phylogenetic Tree: The Origin of Patrilineal Diversity in Africa"
1284:
Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name
Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
963:
690:
251:
1293:
Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name
Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
787:
770:
470:"Evidence from Y-chromosome analysis for a late exclusively eastern expansion of the Bantu-speaking people"
952:
944:
684:
549:
778:
1014:
860:
231:
134:
80:
937:
930:
923:
296:
In other words, the haplogroups did not belong to haplogroup CT, but may have belonged to haplogroup B.
1053:
972:
907:
851:
836:
822:
743:
715:
226:
154:
66:
1046:
1041:
564:
1144:
982:
656:
639:
1213:
1194:
F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.
1136:
1074:
1069:
1060:
1003:
994:
914:
885:
845:
803:
755:
673:
499:
450:
400:
348:
221:
146:
1128:
1036:
794:
748:
489:
481:
440:
432:
390:
382:
338:
330:
150:
153:(i.e. haplogroup F* plus its subclades G, H and IJ, but specifically excluding the broader
808:
119:
319:"A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture"
610:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1024:
817:
650:
557:
494:
469:
445:
420:
395:
370:
343:
318:
1161:
524:
1310:
1217:
899:
893:
879:
868:
831:
734:
729:
720:
667:
186:
142:
138:
17:
1148:
536:
520:
516:
198:
436:
386:
236:
1269:
256:
241:
111:
of haplogroup A1b (P108) and a sibling of the haplogroup A1b1 (L419/PF712).
1140:
503:
454:
404:
352:
485:
334:
157:
and its subclades, such as haplogroups K*, LT, K2b*, MS, NO, P, Q and R).
261:
108:
1176:
Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
1132:
39:
1262:
1216:
was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to
1273:, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree"
123:
1229:
Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as
Haplogroup MPS.
540:
197:
166:
468:
Ansari Pour, Naser; Plaster, Christopher; Bradman, Neil (2013).
553:
590:
1162:
International
Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),
27:
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
1203:
Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as
Haplogroup K1.
421:"Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure"
317:
Kamin M, Saag L, Vincente M, et al. (April 2015).
277:
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
267:
Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
632:
86:
72:
62:
54:
46:
32:
1275:(Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
364:
362:
565:
217:Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
8:
1247:Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
521:Y-DNA Haplogroup A and its Subclades - 2014
517:Y-DNA Haplogroup A and its Subclades - 2012
572:
558:
550:
38:
493:
444:
394:
342:
103:(and formerly as A4, BR and BCDEF), is a
1185:Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
1111:
309:
289:
122:individuals excavated at Fingira Rock,
375:The American Journal of Human Genetics
29:
7:
1098:Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people
1073:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1000:
992:
980:
978:
969:
961:
919:
912:
906:
904:
898:
892:
890:
884:
878:
866:
856:
850:
844:
835:
830:
821:
816:
807:
802:
766:
752:
635:
740:
680:
663:
474:European Journal of Human Genetics
25:
1167:. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
272:Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
247:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
195:new tree that all agreed to use.
595:
173:as the defining mutation of BT.
1220:, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
523:(BT as subclade of A1b-P108);
1:
519:(BT as subclade of A1b-P108)
582:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
169:tree since 2014 has treated
580:Phylogenetic tree of human
1333:
1164:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015
1066:
1033:
990:
959:
950:
942:
935:
928:
921:
876:
842:
828:
814:
800:
784:
768:
637:
525:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015
437:10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.049
387:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.002
1087:
865:
858:
792:
775:
759:
754:
747:
742:
733:
728:
726:
719:
714:
712:
705:
698:
696:
689:
682:
672:
665:
655:
648:
646:
630:
604:This article needs to be
588:
537:ISOGG Haplogroup A (2012)
37:
55:Possible place of origin
1317:Human Y-DNA haplogroups
1212:Between 2002 and 2008,
252:Molecular phylogenetics
105:Y-chromosome haplogroup
47:Possible time of origin
206:
486:10.1038/ejhg.2012.176
335:10.1101/gr.186684.114
232:Haplogroup DE (Y-DNA)
201:
18:Haplogroup BR (Y-DNA)
227:Haplogroup D (Y-DNA)
1093:Y-DNA by population
1008:
182:M60, M181, P85, P90
99:M91, also known as
50:~150,000-145,000 BP
1133:10.1002/humu.22468
859:
640:Y-chromosomal Adam
207:
87:Defining mutations
1304:
1303:
1266:, 2017, "K-M2335"
1264:YFull YTree v5.08
1214:Haplogroup T-M184
1082:
1081:
1027:
1017:
1007:
998:
986:
975:
967:
955:
947:
940:
933:
926:
871:
790:
782:
773:
703:
687:
670:
653:
625:
624:
222:Genetic genealogy
205:
94:
93:
16:(Redirected from
1324:
1294:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1116:
1023:
1013:
1001:
993:
981:
971:
962:
951:
943:
936:
929:
922:
867:
786:
777:
769:
699:
683:
666:
649:
633:
620:
617:
611:
599:
598:
591:
574:
567:
560:
551:
544:
534:
528:
514:
508:
507:
497:
465:
459:
458:
448:
431:(1): 59–71.e21.
415:
409:
408:
398:
366:
357:
356:
346:
314:
297:
294:
202:
190:P9.1, M168, M294
42:
30:
21:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1160:
1156:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1083:
626:
621:
615:
612:
609:
600:
596:
584:
578:
548:
547:
535:
531:
515:
511:
467:
466:
462:
417:
416:
412:
368:
367:
360:
323:Genome Research
316:
315:
311:
306:
301:
300:
295:
291:
286:
281:
212:
163:
132:
120:Later Stone Age
117:
101:Haplogroup A1b2
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1154:
1121:Human Mutation
1110:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1011:
1009:
999:
991:
988:
987:
979:
977:
968:
960:
957:
956:
949:
941:
934:
927:
920:
918:
911:
905:
903:
897:
891:
889:
883:
877:
874:
873:
864:
857:
855:
849:
843:
840:
839:
834:
829:
826:
825:
820:
815:
812:
811:
806:
801:
798:
797:
791:
783:
774:
767:
764:
763:
758:
753:
751:
746:
741:
738:
737:
732:
727:
724:
723:
718:
713:
710:
709:
704:
697:
694:
693:
688:
681:
678:
677:
671:
664:
661:
660:
654:
647:
644:
643:
636:
631:
628:
627:
623:
622:
603:
601:
594:
589:
586:
585:
579:
577:
576:
569:
562:
554:
546:
545:
529:
509:
480:(4): 423–429.
460:
410:
381:(6): 814–818.
358:
329:(4): 459–466.
308:
307:
305:
302:
299:
298:
288:
287:
285:
282:
280:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
213:
211:
208:
192:
191:
183:
162:
159:
131:
128:
116:
113:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1329:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1127:(2): 187–91.
1126:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1005:
996:
989:
984:
974:
965:
958:
954:
948:
946:
939:
932:
925:
916:
910:
909:
901:
896:
895:
887:
882:
881:
875:
870:
862:
853:
848:
847:
841:
838:
833:
827:
824:
819:
813:
810:
805:
799:
796:
789:
780:
772:
765:
762:
757:
750:
745:
739:
736:
731:
725:
722:
717:
711:
708:
702:
695:
692:
686:
679:
675:
669:
662:
658:
652:
645:
641:
634:
629:
619:
616:February 2021
607:
602:
593:
592:
587:
583:
575:
570:
568:
563:
561:
556:
555:
552:
542:
538:
533:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
510:
505:
501:
496:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
464:
461:
456:
452:
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
414:
411:
406:
402:
397:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
365:
363:
359:
354:
350:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
313:
310:
303:
293:
290:
283:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
209:
200:
196:
189:
188:
184:
181:
180:
176:
175:
174:
172:
168:
161:Phylogenetics
160:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
129:
127:
125:
121:
114:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:Haplogroup BT
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
33:Haplogroup BT
31:
19:
1289:
1280:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1157:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1105:
970:
913:
706:
613:
605:
532:
512:
477:
473:
463:
428:
424:
413:
378:
374:
326:
322:
312:
292:
193:
185:
177:
170:
164:
155:haplogroup K
133:
130:Distribution
118:
100:
96:
95:
115:Ancient DNA
73:Descendants
304:References
237:Haplogroup
149:, and/or;
107:. BT is a
1271:PhyloTree
1106:Footnotes
257:Paragroup
242:Haplotype
1311:Category
1268:, and;
1259:op. cit.
1149:23291764
1141:24166809
779:F-Y27277
543:(2012)).
504:22892538
455:28938123
405:21601174
353:25770088
262:Subclade
210:See also
109:subclade
63:Ancestor
983:K-M2313
976:
917:
902:
888:
872:
863:
854:
676:
659:
606:updated
495:3598330
446:5679310
396:3113241
344:4381518
1218:K-M526
1147:
1139:
1006:
1002:
997:
985:
966:
793:
785:
781:
776:
502:
492:
453:
443:
403:
393:
351:
341:
124:Malawi
58:Africa
1145:S2CID
795:GHIJK
541:ISOGG
284:Notes
204:2014.
167:ISOGG
151:F(xK)
135:Basal
77:B-M60
1137:PMID
964:K2b1
809:HIJK
701:A1b1
657:A0-T
500:PMID
451:PMID
425:Cell
401:PMID
349:PMID
165:The
141:and
67:A2-T
1129:doi
1047:P1a
1042:P1b
1037:P1c
1025:NO1
953:K2a
945:K2b
938:K2c
931:K2d
924:K2e
818:IJK
691:A1b
685:A1a
651:A00
490:PMC
482:doi
441:PMC
433:doi
429:171
391:PMC
383:doi
339:PMC
331:doi
171:M91
1313::
1261:;
1143:.
1135:.
1125:35
1123:.
1015:P1
900:J2
894:J1
886:I2
880:I1
869:K2
861:LT
832:IJ
788:F3
771:F1
735:CF
730:DE
721:CT
707:BT
674:A1
668:A0
642:"
498:.
488:.
478:21
476:.
472:.
449:.
439:.
427:.
423:.
399:.
389:.
379:88
377:.
373:.
361:^
347:.
337:.
327:25
325:.
321:.
187:CT
143:DE
139:CF
81:CT
79:,
1151:.
1131::
1075:Q
1070:R
1061:O
1054:N
1004:M
995:S
973:P
915:T
908:L
852:J
846:I
837:K
823:H
804:G
761:F
756:C
749:E
744:D
716:B
638:"
618:)
614:(
608:.
573:e
566:t
559:v
506:.
484::
457:.
435::
407:.
385::
355:.
333::
179:B
147:C
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
