134:– have been identified. In some cases, because testing is undertaken only for geographically and historically likely haplogroups, the data required to identify a precise subclade has not been collected and/or recorded. For instance, research published in 2013, regarding a sample of more than 2,000 men from different parts of Africa, included 7.5% belonging to haplogroup BT(xDE,K). These approximately 150 individuals may have included, for example: B*, unknown primary branches of haplogroups B, BT, CT or CF; haplogroup
586:
188:
29:
183:
Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome
Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single
407:
Skoglund, Pontus; Thompson, Jessica C; Prendergast, Mary E; Mittnik, Alissa; Sirak, Kendra; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Salie, Tasneem; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Peltzer, Alexander; Heinze, Anja; Olalde, Iñigo; Ferry, Matthew; Harney, Eadaoin; Michel, Megan; Stewardson, Kristin; Cerezo-Román, Jessica
528:: "BT is shown on this tree, though it is not considered to be a part of Haplogroup A, in order to make it clear that, as a sibling clade of A1b1, BT and all other haplogroups are downstream of A1b. Listed 15 February 2012." (also note that the group labelled "A1b" in the image is the "A0" of
1245:
K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik
192:
The revised y-chromosome family tree by
Cruciani et al. (2011) compared with the family tree from Karafet et al. (2008). Cruciani et al. (2011) define BT via M91 and P97, and as a consequence, ISOGG has listed BT since February 2012, and treated M91 as defining mutation for BT since
408:
I; Chiumia, Chrissy; Crowther, Alison; Gomani-Chindebvu, Elizabeth; Gidna, Agness O; Grillo, Katherine M; Helenius, I. Taneli; Hellenthal, Garrett; Helm, Richard; Horton, Mark; López, Saioa; Mabulla, Audax Z.P; Parkington, John; et al. (2017).
1081:
126:
BT* has not been documented in any living individuals or ancient remains. No definite examples of BT(xCF,DE) – i.e. members of BT outside the only two known branches of CT, namely haplogroups
265:
255:
1108:
Van Oven M, Van
Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".
205:
115:, dated to around 6100 years ago (2/2 males), and at Mount Hora, Malawi, dated to around 8000 years ago (1/1 males), all belonged to Y haplogroup BT(xCT).
1086:
570:
260:
235:
93:
1305:
560:
516:(BT-M91 listed as subclade of A1a-M31). ISOGG has listed M42 as a mutation characteristic (but not defining) of BT since 2012.
358:
Cruciani, Fulvio; Trombetta, Beniamino; Massaia, Andrea; Destro-Bisol, Giovanni; Sellitto, Daniele; Scozzari, Rosaria (2011).
79:
Page65.1/SRY1532.1/SRY10831.1, M42, M91, M94, M139, M299, P97, V21, V29, V31, V59, V64, V102, V187, V202, V216, V235
1227:
Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as
Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
749:
167:
65:
689:
360:"A Revised Root for the Human y Chromosomal Phylogenetic Tree: The Origin of Patrilineal Diversity in Africa"
1273:
Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name
Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
952:
679:
240:
1282:
Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name
Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
776:
759:
459:"Evidence from Y-chromosome analysis for a late exclusively eastern expansion of the Bantu-speaking people"
941:
933:
673:
538:
767:
1003:
849:
220:
123:
69:
926:
919:
912:
285:
In other words, the haplogroups did not belong to haplogroup CT, but may have belonged to haplogroup B.
1042:
961:
896:
840:
825:
811:
732:
704:
215:
143:
55:
1035:
1030:
553:
1133:
971:
645:
628:
1202:
1183:
F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.
1125:
1063:
1058:
1049:
992:
983:
903:
874:
834:
792:
744:
662:
488:
439:
389:
337:
210:
135:
1117:
1025:
783:
737:
478:
470:
429:
421:
379:
371:
327:
319:
139:
142:(i.e. haplogroup F* plus its subclades G, H and IJ, but specifically excluding the broader
797:
108:
308:"A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture"
599:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1013:
806:
639:
546:
483:
458:
434:
409:
384:
359:
332:
307:
1150:
513:
1299:
1206:
888:
882:
868:
857:
820:
723:
718:
709:
656:
175:
131:
127:
1137:
525:
509:
505:
187:
425:
375:
225:
1258:
245:
230:
100:
of haplogroup A1b (P108) and a sibling of the haplogroup A1b1 (L419/PF712).
1129:
492:
443:
393:
341:
474:
323:
146:
and its subclades, such as haplogroups K*, LT, K2b*, MS, NO, P, Q and R).
250:
97:
1165:
Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
1121:
28:
1251:
1205:
was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to
1262:, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree"
112:
1218:
Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as
Haplogroup MPS.
529:
186:
155:
457:
Ansari Pour, Naser; Plaster, Christopher; Bradman, Neil (2013).
542:
579:
1151:
International
Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),
16:
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
1192:
Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as
Haplogroup K1.
410:"Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure"
306:
Kamin M, Saag L, Vincente M, et al. (April 2015).
266:
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
256:
Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
621:
75:
61:
51:
43:
35:
21:
1264:(Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
353:
351:
554:
206:Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
8:
1236:Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
510:Y-DNA Haplogroup A and its Subclades - 2014
506:Y-DNA Haplogroup A and its Subclades - 2012
561:
547:
539:
27:
482:
433:
383:
331:
92:(and formerly as A4, BR and BCDEF), is a
1174:Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
1100:
298:
278:
111:individuals excavated at Fingira Rock,
364:The American Journal of Human Genetics
18:
7:
1087:Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people
1062:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1001:
999:
989:
981:
969:
967:
958:
950:
908:
901:
895:
893:
887:
881:
879:
873:
867:
855:
845:
839:
833:
824:
819:
810:
805:
796:
791:
755:
741:
624:
729:
669:
652:
463:European Journal of Human Genetics
14:
1156:. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
261:Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
236:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
184:new tree that all agreed to use.
584:
162:as the defining mutation of BT.
1209:, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
512:(BT as subclade of A1b-P108);
1:
508:(BT as subclade of A1b-P108)
571:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
158:tree since 2014 has treated
569:Phylogenetic tree of human
1322:
1153:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015
1055:
1022:
979:
948:
939:
931:
924:
917:
910:
865:
831:
817:
803:
789:
773:
757:
626:
514:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015
426:10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.049
376:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.002
1076:
854:
847:
781:
764:
748:
743:
736:
731:
722:
717:
715:
708:
703:
701:
694:
687:
685:
678:
671:
661:
654:
644:
637:
635:
619:
593:This article needs to be
577:
526:ISOGG Haplogroup A (2012)
26:
44:Possible place of origin
1306:Human Y-DNA haplogroups
1201:Between 2002 and 2008,
241:Molecular phylogenetics
94:Y-chromosome haplogroup
36:Possible time of origin
195:
475:10.1038/ejhg.2012.176
324:10.1101/gr.186684.114
221:Haplogroup DE (Y-DNA)
190:
216:Haplogroup D (Y-DNA)
1082:Y-DNA by population
997:
171:M60, M181, P85, P90
88:M91, also known as
39:~150,000-145,000 BP
1122:10.1002/humu.22468
848:
629:Y-chromosomal Adam
196:
76:Defining mutations
1293:
1292:
1255:, 2017, "K-M2335"
1253:YFull YTree v5.08
1203:Haplogroup T-M184
1071:
1070:
1016:
1006:
996:
987:
975:
964:
956:
944:
936:
929:
922:
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779:
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642:
614:
613:
211:Genetic genealogy
194:
83:
82:
1313:
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1234:
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918:
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563:
556:
549:
540:
533:
523:
517:
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486:
454:
448:
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437:
420:(1): 59–71.e21.
404:
398:
397:
387:
355:
346:
345:
335:
303:
286:
283:
191:
179:P9.1, M168, M294
31:
19:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1315:
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1311:
1310:
1296:
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312:Genome Research
305:
304:
300:
295:
290:
289:
284:
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275:
270:
201:
152:
121:
109:Later Stone Age
106:
90:Haplogroup A1b2
17:
12:
11:
5:
1319:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1143:
1110:Human Mutation
1099:
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1038:
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923:
916:
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846:
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838:
832:
829:
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815:
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800:
795:
790:
787:
786:
780:
772:
763:
756:
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727:
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721:
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707:
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686:
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611:
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583:
578:
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574:
568:
566:
565:
558:
551:
543:
535:
534:
518:
498:
469:(4): 423–429.
449:
399:
370:(6): 814–818.
347:
318:(4): 459–466.
297:
296:
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287:
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120:
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63:
59:
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53:
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33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
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4:
3:
2:
1318:
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1162:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1116:(2): 187–91.
1115:
1111:
1104:
1101:
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1088:
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1080:
1079:
1075:
1067:
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1027:
1021:
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1007:
1005:
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937:
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905:
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859:
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842:
837:
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827:
822:
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813:
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769:
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746:
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605:February 2021
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591:
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178:
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169:
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161:
157:
150:Phylogenetics
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
118:
116:
114:
110:
103:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
86:Haplogroup BT
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
22:Haplogroup BT
20:
1278:
1269:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1146:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1094:
959:
902:
695:
602:
594:
521:
501:
466:
462:
452:
417:
413:
402:
367:
363:
315:
311:
301:
281:
182:
174:
166:
159:
153:
144:haplogroup K
122:
119:Distribution
107:
89:
85:
84:
104:Ancient DNA
62:Descendants
293:References
226:Haplogroup
138:, and/or;
96:. BT is a
1260:PhyloTree
1095:Footnotes
246:Paragroup
231:Haplotype
1300:Category
1257:, and;
1248:op. cit.
1138:23291764
1130:24166809
768:F-Y27277
532:(2012)).
493:22892538
444:28938123
394:21601174
342:25770088
251:Subclade
199:See also
98:subclade
52:Ancestor
972:K-M2313
965:
906:
891:
877:
861:
852:
843:
665:
648:
595:updated
484:3598330
435:5679310
385:3113241
333:4381518
1207:K-M526
1136:
1128:
995:
991:
986:
974:
955:
782:
774:
770:
765:
491:
481:
442:
432:
392:
382:
340:
330:
113:Malawi
47:Africa
1134:S2CID
784:GHIJK
530:ISOGG
273:Notes
193:2014.
156:ISOGG
140:F(xK)
124:Basal
66:B-M60
1126:PMID
953:K2b1
798:HIJK
690:A1b1
646:A0-T
489:PMID
440:PMID
414:Cell
390:PMID
338:PMID
154:The
130:and
56:A2-T
1118:doi
1036:P1a
1031:P1b
1026:P1c
1014:NO1
942:K2a
934:K2b
927:K2c
920:K2d
913:K2e
807:IJK
680:A1b
674:A1a
640:A00
479:PMC
471:doi
430:PMC
422:doi
418:171
380:PMC
372:doi
328:PMC
320:doi
160:M91
1302::
1250:;
1132:.
1124:.
1114:35
1112:.
1004:P1
889:J2
883:J1
875:I2
869:I1
858:K2
850:LT
821:IJ
777:F3
760:F1
724:CF
719:DE
710:CT
696:BT
663:A1
657:A0
631:"
487:.
477:.
467:21
465:.
461:.
438:.
428:.
416:.
412:.
388:.
378:.
368:88
366:.
362:.
350:^
336:.
326:.
316:25
314:.
310:.
176:CT
132:DE
128:CF
70:CT
68:,
1140:.
1120::
1064:Q
1059:R
1050:O
1043:N
993:M
984:S
962:P
904:T
897:L
841:J
835:I
826:K
812:H
793:G
750:F
745:C
738:E
733:D
705:B
627:"
607:)
603:(
597:.
562:e
555:t
548:v
495:.
473::
446:.
424::
396:.
374::
344:.
322::
168:B
136:C
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
