2375:
1059:. The Evenk individual and the Buryat individual both belong to the C-B87 subclade and have been estimated to share a most recent common ancestor 1,792 years before present. Those two individuals have been estimated to share a most recent common ancestor with the Zakhchin individual, who belongs to the C-B470 subclade, 2,562 years before present.
2293:
Maxat
Zhabagin, Zhaxylyk Sabitov, Inkar Tazhigulova, Irina Alborova, Anastasiya Agdzhoyan, Lan-Hai Wei, Vadim Urasin, Sergey Koshel, Kharis Mustafin, Ainur Akilzhanova, Hui Li, Oleg Balanovsky, and Elena Balanovska (2021), "Medieval Super-Grandfather founder of Western Kazakh Clans from Haplogroup
1009:
2015 have found Y-DNA belonging to C-B92 in two
Koryaks who they have estimated to share a most recent common ancestor 594 years before present. The two Koryaks in C-B92 have been estimated to share a most recent common ancestor with a Koryak who belongs to the C-B94 subclade 3,812 years before
992:
2015 have found a divergent branch of C-M48, which they have named C3c2-B90 and which ISOGG has named C2b1a2b-B90, in three
Koryaks and one Evenk. Although the M48 and M77 SNPs have long been considered to be phylogenetically equivalent, marking the same clade of the human Y-DNA phylogeny, the
1903:
E. V. Balanovska, Y. V. Bogunov, E. N. Kamenshikova, O. A. Balaganskaya, A. T. Agdzhoyan, A. A. Bogunova, R. A. Skhalyakho, I. E. Alborova, M. K. Zhabagin, S. M. Koshel, D. M. Daragan, E. B. Borisova, A. A. Galakhova, O. V. Maltceva, Kh. Kh. Mustafin, N. K. Yankovsky, and O. P. Balanovsky,
2051:
Monika Karmin, Rodrigo Flores, Lauri Saag, Georgi
Hudjashov, Nicolas Brucato, Chelzie Crenna-Darusallam, Maximilian Larena, Phillip L Endicott, Mattias Jakobsson, J Stephen Lansing, Herawati Sudoyo, Matthew Leavesley, Mait Metspalu, François-Xavier Ricaut, and Murray P Cox, "Episodes of
3034:
K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik
1132:
C-B87 is a subclade of C-B469. The time to most recent common ancestor between C-B87 and C-B470 (which includes the Y-DNA of a
Zakhchin Mongolian individual and an Ulch individual) has been estimated to be 2,562 years before present.
1038:
2015 have estimated the coalescence age of C-M77, which they have named C3c1a-M77 and which ISOGG has named C2b1a2a-M86/M77, to be 2,804 years before present based on their three examples of C-B469 and five examples of C-B80 Y-DNA.
1430:
Hua Zhong, Hong Shi, Xue-Bin Qi, Chun-Jie Xiao, Li Jin, Runlin Z Ma, and Bing Su, "Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of
African exodus and early settlement in East Asia."
1597:
Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Danilova AP, Protod'jakonov AP, Stoneking M (October 2006). "Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in
Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts".
2870:
1953:
Boris
Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Wozniak, Tomasz Grzybowski, and Ilya Zakharov, "Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels."
1705:
Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Stoneking M (July 2007). "Mating patterns amongst
Siberian reindeer herders: inferences from mtDNA and Y-chromosomal analyses".
2897:
Van Oven M, Van
Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".
2314:(2019), "Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia."
1856:
Nasidze I, Quinque D, Dupanloup I, Cordaux R, Kokshunova L, Stoneking M (December 2005). "Genetic evidence for the Mongolian ancestry of Kalmyks".
1325:"High levels of Y-chromosome differentiation among native Siberian populations and the genetic signature of a boreal hunter-gatherer way of life"
1940:
Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, et al. (2013) "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge."
2875:
1410:
Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, et al. (2010) "Phylogeography of the Y-chromosome haplogroup C in northern Eurasia."
1921:, "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia."
1047:
C-B469 is a subclade of C-M77. Y-DNA that belongs to the C-B469 clade, which has been named C2b1a2a1a-B469 by ISOGG, has been found in a
261:
Haplogroup C-M48 also has been found occasionally in some ethnic groups outside its typical range in Siberia and Central Asia, such as
200:
2359:
3094:
1136:
C-B87(xB89) Y-DNA, which belongs to C-B87 but does not belong to its C-B89 subclade, has been found in a Buryat (C-B88) and in a
640:
604:
509:
2349:
877:
1067:
1184:). These five Even members of C-B80 have been estimated to share a most recent common ancestor 1,674 years before present.
211:
1026:. It has been estimated to share a most recent common ancestor with C-B91 of the Koryaks 4,992 years before present.
813:
1089:(2018) found C-F13686, a subclade that may be phylogenetically equivalent to C-B469, in 7.7% (4/52) of a sample of
3016:
Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
2538:
2478:
3062:
Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
2741:
2468:
3071:
Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
2565:
2548:
2730:
2722:
2462:
2327:
2556:
2792:
2638:
2715:
2708:
2701:
1172:
Y-DNA that belongs to this clade, which has been named C2b1a2a1b-B80 by ISOGG, has been found in five
993:
C3c2-B90 clade has been found to be positive for the M48 mutation, but negative for the M77 mutation.
2831:
2750:
2685:
2629:
2614:
2600:
2521:
2493:
1758:
1451:
270:
2824:
2819:
2342:
274:
376:(TMRCA 3,610 ybp) - China, Denmark, medieval Kyrgyzstan (DA106/Tian Shan 106 from 1161 - 1272 CE)
53:
5,940 ± 2,900 years (evolutionary mutation rate) or 1,630 ± 800 years (genealogical mutation rate)
2922:
2760:
2434:
2417:
1623:
1352:
737:
278:
72:
2991:
2972:
F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.
2914:
2852:
2847:
2838:
2781:
2772:
2692:
2663:
2623:
2581:
2533:
2451:
1873:
1838:
1786:
1722:
1687:
1615:
1576:
1547:"Paternal population history of East Asia: sources, patterns, and microevolutionary processes"
1527:
1481:
1344:
282:
1304:, "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture."
596:
396:(TMRCA 2,170 ybp) - Late Medieval Mongolia (Karnikovyn 1 from Karnikovyn Am, 1300 - 1400 CE)
2906:
2814:
2572:
2526:
1865:
1828:
1820:
1776:
1766:
1714:
1677:
1669:
1607:
1566:
1558:
1517:
1471:
1463:
1336:
960:
894:
798:
784:
749:
576:
564:
552:
481:
459:
1982:(2012), "The Caucasus as an Asymmetric Semipermeable Barrier to Ancient Human Migrations."
2586:
2052:
Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages,"
1506:"Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes"
1452:"Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times"
1157:
1108:
Mongols from western Mongolia, and 1.7% (1/58) of a sample of Torgut Kalmyks from Russia.
1079:
827:
665:
473:
449:
262:
1809:"A genetic landscape reshaped by recent events: Y-chromosomal insights into central Asia"
1105:
1101:
2388:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1762:
1324:
2802:
2595:
2428:
2335:
1986:
29(1):359–365. doi:10.1093/molbev/msr221 Advance Access publication September 13, 2011.
1571:
1546:
1476:
1181:
1177:
898:
802:
772:
683:
556:
359:
314:
290:
2939:
2263:
1833:
1808:
1682:
1657:
3088:
2995:
2677:
2671:
2657:
2646:
2609:
2512:
2507:
2498:
2484:
2445:
1781:
1746:
910:
873:
842:
823:
622:
540:
501:
310:
183:
91:
2926:
1627:
1380:, "Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis."
1323:
Karafet TM, Osipova LP, Gubina MA, Posukh OL, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (December 2002).
1356:
1052:
914:
846:
809:
788:
699:
588:
532:
477:
441:
411:
207:
103:
756:
in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Jiangsu,
2040:
1926:
1807:
Zerjal T, Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, Tyler-Smith C (September 2002).
1467:
1137:
1121:
1090:
1063:
1019:
929:
921:
881:
869:
861:
854:
831:
768:
757:
727:
522:
505:
493:
351:
286:
223:
175:
139:
127:
1957:(2013) 58, 804–811; doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.108; published online 17 October 2013.
1018:
C-B93 is a subclade of C-B90 that has been found in 7.7% (4/52) of a sample of
1611:
1522:
1505:
835:
643:
497:
3047:
2299:
1904:"Demographic and Genetic Portraits of the Ulchi Population." ISSN 1022-7954,
1747:"The Eurasian heartland: a continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity"
2319:
1100:(2019) observed Y-DNA that belongs to C-B469 in 10.1% (7/69) of a sample of
925:
865:
580:
445:
415:
408:
387:
306:
255:
251:
155:
2918:
1877:
1842:
1790:
1771:
1726:
1691:
1619:
1580:
1531:
1485:
1348:
1658:"The dual origin and Siberian affinities of Native American Y chromosomes"
1340:
2057:
1435:(2010) 55, 428–435; doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.40; published online 7 May 2010.
1117:
1048:
906:
776:
687:
632:
519:
419:
247:
159:
147:
2954:
Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
1062:
C-B469 also has been found in HGDP01250, a Y-DNA sample obtained from a
2910:
1869:
1718:
1056:
1002:
964:
952:
944:
933:
902:
780:
761:
753:
703:
695:
679:
675:
600:
568:
560:
548:
544:
536:
489:
429:
383:
342:
298:
243:
235:
231:
227:
171:
151:
143:
131:
119:
115:
107:
3040:
2994:
was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to
2221:
3051:, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree"
1161:
1153:
1116:
C-B470 is a subclade of C-B469. This subclade has been observed in a
1075:
1023:
948:
691:
657:
636:
592:
584:
572:
485:
355:
302:
294:
266:
239:
215:
179:
167:
163:
135:
99:
95:
1656:
Lell JT, Sukernik RI, Starikovskaya YB, et al. (January 2002).
736:(TMRCA 1,640 ybp) - Russia (Evens), China (Evenks, Oroqens, Manchu,
3007:
Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
1824:
1673:
1562:
1245:
1173:
1149:
1071:
956:
940:
850:
661:
608:
219:
123:
111:
2310:
Natalia Balinova, Helen Post, Alena Kushniarevich, Siiri Rootsi,
2264:
Phylogeny of haplogroup C-M48 according to FamilyTreeDNA Discover
1745:
Wells RS, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, et al. (August 2001).
1148:
C-B89 is a subclade of C-B87 that is known from the Y-DNA of an
317:(1/406 C-M77), some of whom exhibit divergent Y-STR haplotypes.
2331:
2368:
254:, and the population of northwest Mongolia in general), and
462:), Kazakhstan (Kerey-Abak-Merkit, Naiman-Karatai), Mongolia
2940:
International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),
752:
in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Qinghai, and Jiangsu,
591:
from Mongolia, Kazakhs (Naiman from China and Kazakhstan,
2981:
Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
1414:(2010) 74, 539–546. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2010.00601.x
760:
in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Beijing, and Hubei,
1545:
Karafet T, Xu L, Du R, et al. (September 2001).
1005:. It subsumes the C-B92 and C-B94 subclades. Karmin
1001:
C-B91 is a subclade of C-B90 that has been found in
2410:
2222:
Phylogeny of haplogroup C-M48 according to TheYtree
2041:
Phylogeny of haplogroup C-M48 according to 23mofang
1936:
1934:
1504:Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H, et al. (2006).
87:
79:
68:
60:
56:
10,800 ± 2,300 years ago or 9,300 ± 3,300 years ago
37:
26:
21:
1450:Xue Y, Zerjal T, Bao W, et al. (April 2006).
1974:
1972:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1917:Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu,
1592:
1590:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1384:346 (2005) 63–70. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.023
1308:(2015) 25: 459-466. doi: 10.1101/gr.186684.114
1104:Kalmyks from Russia, 2.5% (1/40) of a sample of
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
1978:Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Mari Järve,
1944:8(10): e76748. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748
1376:Toru Katoh, Batmunkh Munkhbat, Kenichi Tounai,
726:- Russia (Kalmykia, Tozhu Tuvan), China (Jilin
3053:(Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
2343:
1927:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/127
1802:
1800:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
8:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
448:), Mongolia (Tsagaan 2 from 1300 to 1400 CE
3025:Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
2350:
2336:
2328:
2300:https://doi.org/10.1038/s10038-021-00901-5
1300:Monika Karmin, Lauri Saag, Mário Vicente,
206:It is found frequently amongst members of
64:perhaps Mongolia or the Lake Baikal region
2320:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0399-0
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
1832:
1780:
1770:
1681:
1570:
1521:
1475:
1445:
1443:
1441:
2963:Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
2889:
1908:, 2018, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 1245–1253.
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
484:), Kazakhstan (Kazakhs, especially the
2058:https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac045
599:-Kalmak), Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan, China),
18:
7:
2876:Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people
2851:
2846:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2778:
2770:
2758:
2756:
2747:
2739:
2697:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2644:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2613:
2608:
2599:
2594:
2585:
2580:
2544:
2530:
2413:
382:(TMRCA 3,030 ybp) - Kyrgyz (China),
2518:
2458:
2441:
335:(TMRCA 4,992 ybp, TMRCA 4,600 ybp)
2316:European Journal of Human Genetics
2056:, Volume 39, Issue 3, March 2022,
44:2,750 ± 1,370 years before present
14:
2945:. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
2373:
571:from Kalmykia, Xinjiang Kalmyk,
2998:, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
2054:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1984:Molecular Biology and Evolution
878:Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County
1068:Human Genome Diversity Project
309:(1/21 C-M48 South Ossetians),
1:
2360:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
1751:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1246:YFull Haplogroup YTree v5.04
41:12,131 years before present
33:15,557 years before present
30:14,700 years before present
16:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
2358:Phylogenetic tree of human
1906:Russian Journal of Genetics
1468:10.1534/genetics.105.054270
814:Dongcheng District, Beijing
748:(TMRCA 2,350 ybp) - China (
631:(TMRCA 2,690 ybp) - China (
621:(TMRCA 2,900 ybp) - China (
201:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
50:3,800 years before present
47:3,500 years before present
3111:
2942:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015
2844:
2811:
2768:
2737:
2728:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2654:
2620:
2606:
2592:
2578:
2562:
2546:
2415:
2298:volume 66, pages 707–716.
951:(Inner Mongolia, Russia),
516:C-Y226010/FT411737/C-F8053
488:and Alimuly tribes of the
2865:
2643:
2636:
2570:
2553:
2537:
2532:
2525:
2520:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2450:
2443:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2408:
2382:This article needs to be
2366:
2296:Journal of Human Genetics
1955:Journal of Human Genetics
1612:10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2
1523:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0
1433:Journal of Human Genetics
826:(Heilongjiang, Liaoning,
458:- Russia (Tuvan), China (
22:Haplogroup C-M48 (C2b1a2)
1923:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1412:Annals of Human Genetics
1066:in China as part of the
61:Possible place of origin
3095:Human Y-DNA haplogroups
2990:Between 2002 and 2008,
771:), Mongolia (Mongol in
27:Possible time of origin
1858:Am. J. Phys. Anthropol
1772:10.1073/pnas.171305098
1707:Am. J. Phys. Anthropol
841:C-F22211/C-MF219865 -
1341:10.1353/hub.2003.0006
531:- Mongols (Ölöd from
394:C-Y12825/SK1064/F5485
214:peoples, such as the
1160:and the Y-DNA of an
884:(Beijing, Chongqing)
857:(Beijing, Liaoning)
341:(TMRCA 3,812 ybp) -
2871:Y-DNA by population
2786:
1966:Hallast et al. 2014
1763:2001PNAS...9810244W
787:in Inner Mongolia,
672:C-Y138372/C-Y138401
329:(TMRCA 14,540 ybp)
313:(1/154 C-M48), and
88:Highest frequencies
2911:10.1002/humu.22468
2637:
2418:Y-chromosomal Adam
1870:10.1002/ajpa.20159
1719:10.1002/ajpa.20590
720:(TMRCA 2,390 ybp)
650:), Turkey, Bhutan
370:(TMRCA 4,280 ybp)
305:(1/21 C-M86/M77),
80:Defining mutations
3082:
3081:
3044:, 2017, "K-M2335"
3042:YFull YTree v5.08
2992:Haplogroup T-M184
2860:
2859:
2805:
2795:
2785:
2776:
2764:
2753:
2745:
2733:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2649:
2568:
2560:
2551:
2481:
2465:
2448:
2431:
2403:
2402:
1813:Am. J. Hum. Genet
1662:Am. J. Hum. Genet
1551:Am. J. Hum. Genet
1248:as of 16 May 2017
939:C-B89/C-Y25271 -
767:C-B470 - Russia (
190:
189:
3102:
3072:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3008:
3005:
2999:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2946:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2894:
2801:
2791:
2779:
2771:
2759:
2749:
2740:
2729:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2645:
2564:
2555:
2547:
2477:
2461:
2444:
2427:
2411:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2329:
2322:
2308:
2302:
2291:
2266:
2261:
2224:
2219:
2060:
2049:
2043:
2038:
1987:
1976:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1915:
1909:
1901:
1882:
1881:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1784:
1774:
1742:
1731:
1730:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1653:
1632:
1631:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1501:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1447:
1436:
1428:
1415:
1408:
1385:
1374:
1361:
1360:
1320:
1309:
1298:
1249:
1243:
791:in Heilongjiang)
718:C-SK1061/C-F9744
587:from Kalmykia),
565:Alxa Left Banner
529:C-F6193/C-SK1066
438:C-Y23111/C-F9936
374:C-F7321/C-F11611
193:Haplogroup C-M48
19:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2938:
2934:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2861:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2378:
2374:
2362:
2356:
2326:
2325:
2309:
2305:
2292:
2269:
2262:
2227:
2220:
2063:
2050:
2046:
2039:
1990:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1932:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1885:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1757:(18): 10244–9.
1744:
1743:
1734:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1655:
1654:
1635:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1449:
1448:
1439:
1429:
1418:
1409:
1388:
1375:
1364:
1322:
1321:
1312:
1306:Genome Research
1299:
1252:
1244:
1195:
1190:
1170:
1158:Khabarovsk Krai
1146:
1130:
1114:
1080:Khabarovsk Krai
1045:
1032:
1016:
999:
986:
828:Xiqing District
575:from Kalmykia,
551:from Mongolia,
547:from Kalmykia,
492:), Uzbekistan (
418:), Kazakhstan (
400:C-Y15849/F12970
323:
55:
54:
52:
51:
49:
48:
46:
45:
43:
42:
38:Coalescence age
32:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3108:
3106:
3098:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3027:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2932:
2899:Human Mutation
2888:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2789:
2787:
2777:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2642:
2635:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2561:
2552:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2449:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2432:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2381:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2303:
2267:
2225:
2061:
2044:
1988:
1968:
1959:
1946:
1930:
1925:2013, 13:127.
1910:
1883:
1848:
1825:10.1086/342096
1796:
1732:
1713:(3): 1013–27.
1697:
1674:10.1086/338457
1668:(1): 192–206.
1633:
1586:
1563:10.1086/323299
1537:
1491:
1437:
1416:
1386:
1362:
1310:
1250:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1182:Sakha Republic
1178:Magadan Oblast
1169:
1166:
1145:
1142:
1129:
1126:
1113:
1110:
1051:Mongolian, an
1044:
1041:
1031:
1028:
1015:
1012:
998:
995:
985:
982:
981:
980:
979:
978:
977:
976:
975:
974:
973:
972:
971:
970:
969:
968:
937:
899:Inner Mongolia
891:
890:
889:
888:
887:
886:
885:
839:
806:
803:Inner Mongolia
792:
773:Khovd Province
743:
742:
741:
715:
714:
713:
712:
711:
710:
709:
708:
707:
684:Inner Mongolia
669:
656:- Kazakhstan (
616:
615:
614:
613:
612:
513:
474:Siberian Tatar
467:
466:
465:
464:
463:
435:
434:
433:
428:- Kazakhstan (
365:
364:
363:
360:Sakha Republic
345:
322:
319:
281:, 0/26 C-M217
277:, 0/45 C-M217
195:also known as
188:
187:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
39:
35:
34:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3107:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3068:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2905:(2): 187–91.
2904:
2900:
2893:
2890:
2885:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2856:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2783:
2774:
2767:
2762:
2752:
2743:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2648:
2640:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2550:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2407:
2397:
2394:February 2021
2385:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:C2a1a2-M48."
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:(4): 846–54.
1863:
1859:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1819:(3): 466–82.
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1606:(3): 334–53.
1605:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1557:(3): 615–28.
1556:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1510:J. Hum. Genet
1507:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:(4): 2431–9.
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:(6): 761–89.
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1180:and one from
1179:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1004:
996:
994:
991:
983:
966:
963:(Hulunbuir),
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:
932:(Hulunbuir),
931:
927:
923:
920:C-FT411762 -
919:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
822:C-FGC56407 -
821:
820:
818:
817:
815:
811:
808:C-MF172364 -
807:
804:
800:
796:
795:
793:
790:
786:
783:in Xinjiang,
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:
764:in Xinjiang)
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
744:
739:
735:
732:
731:
729:
725:
722:
721:
719:
716:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
670:
667:
663:
659:
655:
652:
651:
649:
645:
642:
638:
634:
630:
627:
626:
624:
623:Yuci District
620:
617:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:Jinghe County
538:
534:
530:
527:
526:
524:
521:
517:
514:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
468:
461:
457:
454:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
436:
431:
430:Zhetiru-Tabyn
427:
424:
423:
421:
417:
413:
410:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
397:
395:
392:
391:
389:
385:
381:
378:
377:
375:
372:
371:
369:
366:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
344:
340:
337:
336:
334:
331:
330:
328:
325:
324:
320:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:, 0/52 C-M48
296:
293:(4/479 C-M48
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:, 0/61 C-M86
272:
269:, 1/70 C-M86
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:Central Asian
204:
202:
198:
194:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:M48, M77, M86
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
40:
36:
29:
25:
20:
3067:
3058:
3048:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2941:
2935:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2883:
2748:
2691:
2391:
2383:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2295:
2053:
2047:
1983:
1979:
1962:
1954:
1949:
1941:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1905:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1816:
1812:
1754:
1750:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1665:
1661:
1603:
1599:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1516:(1): 47–58.
1513:
1509:
1459:
1455:
1432:
1411:
1381:
1377:
1332:
1328:
1305:
1301:
1171:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1115:
1097:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1070:, and in an
1061:
1046:
1035:
1033:
1017:
1006:
1000:
989:
987:
915:Heilongjiang
847:Heilongjiang
745:
733:
723:
717:
700:Heilongjiang
671:
653:
647:
629:C-F8472/PH36
628:
618:
533:Nilka County
528:
515:
478:Tomsk Oblast
469:
455:
437:
425:
404:
399:
393:
379:
373:
367:
347:
338:
332:
326:
285:, 0/4 C-M86
265:(2/53 C-M86
260:
238:(especially
205:
196:
192:
191:
1176:(four from
1091:Ulch people
1085:Balanovska
1022:and in one
936:(Hulunbuir)
893:C-Z32853 -
882:Han Chinese
860:C-Y60517 -
855:Han Chinese
834:(Beijing),
832:Han Chinese
801:(Liaoning,
797:C-ACT654 -
738:Fuyu Kyrgyz
494:Karakalpaks
442:Kazan Tatar
1600:Hum. Genet
1120:and in an
779:), China (
635:, Jiangsu
504:), China (
498:Kyrgyzstan
472:- Russia (
440:- Russia (
407:- Russia (
242:, such as
110:20%-100%,
3049:PhyloTree
2884:Footnotes
1329:Hum. Biol
1188:Footnotes
1096:Balinova
1010:present.
926:Hulunbuir
866:Hulunbuir
838:(Beijing)
819:C-F15201
674:- China (
654:C-Y152968
619:C-Y138418
607:, China (
581:Hulunbuir
518:- China (
446:Tatarstan
422:-Kokrek)
416:Tatarstan
388:Aksu City
321:Subclades
307:Ossetians
303:Bhutanese
271:Tokushima
256:Yukaghirs
252:Uriankhai
156:Uriankhai
134:37%-45%,
118:42%-63%,
102:27%-70%,
98:44%-71%,
94:42%-68%,
3089:Category
3046:, and;
3037:op. cit.
2927:23291764
2919:24166809
2557:F-Y27277
1942:PLoS ONE
1878:16028228
1843:12145751
1791:11526236
1727:17492671
1692:11731934
1628:31651899
1620:16845541
1581:11481588
1532:16328082
1486:16489223
1456:Genetics
1349:12617488
1118:Zakhchin
1055:, and a
1049:Zakhchin
967:(Russia)
907:Buryatia
777:Zakhchin
724:C-Z32870
688:Liaoyang
597:Töleñgıt
520:Tangshan
470:C-Y15844
426:C-Y21917
409:Kryashen
405:C-Y22657
315:Russians
291:Tibetans
275:Shizuoka
263:Japanese
248:Zakhchin
212:Siberian
160:Zakhchin
148:Yukaghir
114:5%-61%,
69:Ancestor
2761:K-M2313
2754:
2695:
2680:
2666:
2650:
2641:
2632:
2454:
2437:
2384:updated
1759:Bibcode
1572:1235490
1477:1456369
1357:9443804
1034:Karmin
1003:Koryaks
988:Karmin
961:Mongols
953:Oroqens
945:Dzhigda
895:Mongols
799:Mongols
762:Uyghurs
754:Manchus
750:Mongols
704:Ningxia
696:Qinghai
680:Beijing
676:Shaanxi
589:Tsaatan
569:Khoshut
561:Khoshut
549:Torghut
545:Torghut
537:Torghut
490:Alshyns
456:C-F9766
380:C-F6379
343:Koryaks
299:Qinghai
279:Okinawa
244:Kalmyks
236:Mongols
232:Koryaks
228:Kazakhs
172:Dolgans
152:Mongols
144:Koryaks
132:Kalmyks
120:Itelmen
116:Kazakhs
108:Negidal
73:C-F1699
2996:K-M526
2925:
2917:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2763:
2744:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2312:et al.
1980:et al.
1919:et al.
1876:
1841:
1834:419996
1831:
1789:
1779:
1725:
1690:
1683:384887
1680:
1626:
1618:
1579:
1569:
1530:
1484:
1474:
1378:et al.
1355:
1347:
1302:et al.
1154:Nelkan
1112:C-B470
1106:Derbet
1102:Derbet
1098:et al.
1087:et al.
1076:Nelkan
1057:Buryat
1043:C-B469
1036:et al.
1007:et al.
990:et al.
965:Buryat
934:Buryat
911:Manchu
903:Buryat
874:Manchu
843:Manchu
824:Manchu
794:C-B87
785:Mongol
781:Uyghur
746:C-B469
692:Shanxi
666:French
662:Genova
641:Linxia
637:Manchu
601:Uyghur
593:Bayuly
585:Buzava
577:Mongol
573:Derbet
553:Mongol
502:Kyrgyz
486:Bayuly
460:Kazakh
450:Dornod
384:Uyghur
311:Adyghe
295:Xizang
283:Aomori
267:Kyushu
240:Oirats
216:Evenks
197:C2b1a2
184:Kyrgyz
180:Tuvans
170:10%),
168:Khoton
164:Khalkh
136:Nivkhs
104:Udegey
100:Evenks
96:Evenks
92:Oroqen
75:(C2b1)
2923:S2CID
2573:GHIJK
1782:56946
1624:S2CID
1353:S2CID
1174:Evens
1168:C-B80
1162:Evenk
1152:from
1144:C-B89
1128:C-B87
1074:from
1053:Evenk
1030:C-M77
1024:Evenk
1020:Ulchi
1014:C-B93
997:C-B91
984:C-B90
957:Heihe
949:Evenk
930:Olots
922:Daurs
851:Jilin
810:Hezhe
789:Hezhe
769:Ulchi
734:C-B80
658:Uzbek
633:Xi'an
609:Baoji
603:from
579:from
563:from
555:from
539:from
420:Dulat
412:Tatar
368:C-M86
356:Evenk
352:Ulchi
348:C-B93
339:C-B91
333:C-B90
327:C-M48
224:Ulchi
220:Evens
199:is a
182:9% ,
178:11%,
176:Hezhe
174:12%,
166:15%,
162:30%,
158:33%,
150:23%,
146:33%,
142:35%,
140:Ulchi
138:35%,
130:38%,
128:Nanai
124:Ulchi
122:39%,
112:Evens
106:60%,
2915:PMID
2742:K2b1
2587:HIJK
2479:A1b1
2435:A0-T
1874:PMID
1839:PMID
1787:PMID
1723:PMID
1688:PMID
1616:PMID
1577:PMID
1528:PMID
1482:PMID
1382:Gene
1345:PMID
1150:Even
1138:Xibo
1122:Ulch
1072:Even
1064:Xibo
941:Even
870:Xibo
862:Daur
758:Hans
648:etc.
557:Bole
506:Xibo
482:Chat
287:Ainu
210:and
2907:doi
2825:P1a
2820:P1b
2815:P1c
2803:NO1
2731:K2a
2723:K2b
2716:K2c
2709:K2d
2702:K2e
2596:IJK
2469:A1b
2463:A1a
2429:A00
1866:doi
1862:128
1829:PMC
1821:doi
1777:PMC
1767:doi
1715:doi
1711:133
1678:PMC
1670:doi
1608:doi
1604:120
1567:PMC
1559:doi
1518:doi
1472:PMC
1464:doi
1460:172
1337:doi
959:),
947:),
928:),
909:),
901:),
880:),
868:),
853:),
836:Hui
830:),
728:Han
660:),
644:Hui
605:Ili
523:Han
510:Ili
508:in
496:),
476:in
444:in
414:in
301:),
289:),
186:7%
3091::
3039:;
2921:.
2913:.
2903:35
2901:.
2793:P1
2678:J2
2672:J1
2664:I2
2658:I1
2647:K2
2639:LT
2610:IJ
2566:F3
2549:F1
2513:CF
2508:DE
2499:CT
2485:BT
2452:A1
2446:A0
2420:"
2318:.
2270:^
2228:^
2064:^
1991:^
1971:^
1933:^
1886:^
1872:.
1860:.
1837:.
1827:.
1817:71
1815:.
1811:.
1799:^
1785:.
1775:.
1765:.
1755:98
1753:.
1749:.
1735:^
1721:.
1709:.
1686:.
1676:.
1666:70
1664:.
1660:.
1636:^
1622:.
1614:.
1602:.
1589:^
1575:.
1565:.
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1553:.
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1526:.
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1512:.
1508:.
1494:^
1480:.
1470:.
1458:.
1454:.
1440:^
1419:^
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1365:^
1351:.
1343:.
1333:74
1331:.
1327:.
1313:^
1253:^
1196:^
1164:.
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1140:.
1124:.
1093:.
1082:.
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917:)
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525:)
480:,
452:)
390:)
354:,
350:-
258:.
250:,
246:,
234:,
230:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
203:.
2929:.
2909::
2853:Q
2848:R
2839:O
2832:N
2782:M
2773:S
2751:P
2693:T
2686:L
2630:J
2624:I
2615:K
2601:H
2582:G
2539:F
2534:C
2527:E
2522:D
2494:B
2416:"
2396:)
2392:(
2386:.
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1880:.
1868::
1845:.
1823::
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1769::
1761::
1729:.
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1672::
1630:.
1610::
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1534:.
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1488:.
1466::
1359:.
1339::
955:(
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611:)
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386:(
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