2259:
Based on SNP analysis, the CTS10228 group is 2200 ± 300 years old. The group's demographic expansion may have begun in
Southeast Poland around that time, as carriers of the oldest subgroup are found there today. The group cannot solely be tied to the Slavs, because the proto-Slavic period was later, around 300–500 CE ... The SNP-based age of the Eastern European CTS10228 branch is 2200 ± 300 years old. The carriers of the most ancient subgroup live in Southeast Poland, and it is likely that the rapid demographic expansion which brought the marker to other regions in Europe began there. The largest demographic explosion occurred in the Balkans, where the subgroup is dominant in 50.5% of Croatians, 30.1% of Serbs, 31.4% of Montenegrins, and in about 20% of Albanians and Greeks. As a result, this subgroup is often called Dinaric. It is interesting that while it is dominant among modern Balkan peoples, this subgroup has not been present yet during the Roman period, as it is almost absent in Italy as well (see Online Resource 5; ESM_5). ... Their genetic haplogroup, I2a-CTS10228, is widespread among Slavs, but it is only present in 7% of Caucasian peoples, namely among the Karachay ... As such, it appears that the I2a-CTS10228 haplogroup in the paternal lineage of the Karos leaders arises from a specific branch in the Northern Caucasus dating to about 400–500 CE. Its modern descendents live among the Karachay, Hungarians, and various other surrounding nationalities.
2715:
genealogical rate and criticize population-genetic studies for reporting (in their view) three-times overestimated ages ... The age of each haplogroup was also calculated using the STR genealogical rate and the STR evolutionary rate. Confidence intervals for the two STR-based ages (not shown on the plot) do not overlap. For example, the genealogical age of I2a-L621 (2200 ± 500 years) reaches the envelope age (from 2600 to 3100 ages), while the evolutionary age lies far beyond (9900 ± 2700 years). The observed pattern (Fig. 2a) clearly differs for haplogroups of different age classes. For ages less than 7000 years, the genealogical STR rate provides results consistent with or slightly underestimating the "true" ages, while the evolutionary rate results in three-fold overestimates. For ages between roughly 7000 and 15,000 years neither STR rate provides correct results. For haplogroups older than 15,000 years, the evolutionary rate estimates correctly or overestimates the "true" age.
380:
3056:
sikeresen integrálódott egy olyan társadalomba, amely hamarosan erőteljes demográfiai expanzióba kezdett. Ez is mutatja, hogy nem feltétlenül népek, mintsem családok sikerével, nemzetségek elterjedésével is számolnunk kell, és ezt a jelenlegi etnikai identitással összefüggésbe hozni lehetetlen. A csoport elterjedése alapján valószínűsíthető, hogy a szláv népek migrációjában vett részt, így válva az R1a-t követően a második legdominánsabb csoporttá a mai Kelet-Európában. Nyugat-Európából viszont teljes mértékben hiányzik, kivéve a kora középkorban szláv nyelvet beszélő keletnémet területeket.
555:, is mainly related to the Slavs and their medieval migration, and the "largest demographic explosion occurred in the Balkans". According to a 2023 archaeogenetic study, I2a-L621 is absent in the antiquity and appears only since the Early Middle Ages "always associated with Eastern European related ancestry in the autosomal genome, which supports that these lineages were introduced in the Balkans by Eastern European migrants during the Early Medieval period."
792:
209:
3501:
833:
36:
2785:
have been a major lineage of the
Cucuteni-Trypillian culture and it was present in the Baden culture of the Calcholitic Carpathian Basin24 ... The identical I2a1a2b Hg-s of Magyarhomorog individuals appears to be frequent among high-ranking Conquerors, as the most distinguished graves in the Karos2 and 3 cemeteries also belong to this lineage.
444:, while its main subclades lineage is I-CTS10936 (6,500-5,600 YBP) > I-S19848 (5,600 YBP) > I-CTS4002 (5,600-5,100 YBP) > I-CTS10228 (5,100-3,400 YBP) > I-Y3120 (3,400-2,100 YBP) > I-Y18331 (2,100 YBP) / I-Z17855 (2,100-1650 YBP) / I-Y4460 (2,100 YBP) / I-S17250 (2,100-1,850 YBP) > I-PH908 (1,850-1,700 YBP).
2784:
Hg I2a1a2b-L621 was present in 5 Conqueror samples, and a 6th sample form
Magyarhomorog (MH/9) most likely also belongs here, as MH/9 is a likely kin of MH/16 (see below). This Hg of European origin is most prominent in the Balkans and Eastern Europe, especially among Slavic speaking groups. It might
2258:
We looked at 16 loci from 640 I2a-L621 samples in FTDNA's I2a project database and found that 7 individuals were 2 genetic steps away the Karos samples, of whom 1 was a
Hungarian from Kunszentmárton, 2 were Ukrainians, 1 was Lithuanian, 1 was Belarusian, 1 was Russian, and 1 was a German from Poland.
504:" cluster, while younger derived result "DYS448=19" comprising the "Balkan cluster" which is predominant among the South Slavs. According to her, this "Balkan cluster" also has the highest variance in Ukraine, which indicates that the very high frequency in the Western Balkan is probably because of a
2714:
While the reasons for the difference between genealogical and evolutionary Y-STR rates are thus partly understood, it remains unclear which rate to use. Many have applied the evolutionary rate, though quite a few have used the genealogical, or both, rates. Genetic genealogists generally apply the
2667:
It is important to stress that the proposed old age of the I2a1b-M423 and R1a1a1b1a*-M558 lineages obtained in previous studies (Battaglia et al., 2009; Peričić et al., 2005; Rootsi et al., 2004; Underhill et al., 2007, 2015) has been based on STR analysis (8 and 10 loci, respectively) and recent
765:
Haplogroup I2a1b1a2b (ISOGG 2019). Z161+ defines the I2 Continental clade 1 and 2. Its age is estimated around 7,000 years old. It is mainly found in North Europe, especially in
Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, and England. In Northwest Sicily it can also be found; this is believed to be due to
748:
surnames, it may suggest an ancestor who arrived in
Ireland during prehistory, from Celtic Britain. For example, I-M284 includes many males with the surnames McGuinness and McCartan, who have a single, historically recorded male ancestor in the 6th century; thus it is unlikely to be the result of
3055:
Az I2-CTS10228 (köznevén „dinári-kárpáti") alcsoport legkorábbi közös őse 2200 évvel ezelőttre tehető, így esetében nem arról van szó, hogy a mezolit népesség Kelet-Európában ilyen mértékben fennmaradt volna, hanem arról, hogy egy, a mezolit csoportoktól származó szűk család az európai vaskorban
2565:
Kushniarevich, Alena; Utevska, Olga; Chuhryaeva, Marina; Agdzhoyan, Anastasia; Dibirova, Khadizhat; Uktveryte, Ingrida; Möls, Märt; Mulahasanovic, Lejla; Pshenichnov, Andrey; Frolova, Svetlana; Shanko, Andrey; Metspalu, Ene; Reidla, Maere; Tambets, Kristiina; Tamm, Erika (2015-09-02). Calafell,
4160:
K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik
1708:
Posth, Cosimo; Yu, He; Ghalichi, Ayshin; Rougier, Hélène; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Huang, Yilei; Ringbauer, Harald; Rohrlach, Adam B.; Nägele, Kathrin; Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa; Radzeviciute, Rita; Ferraz, Tiago; Stoessel, Alexander; Tukhbatova, Rezeda; Drucker, Dorothée G. (2023-03-01).
3303:
It is notable that the
European Y-Hg I2a1a2b1a1a was also specific for the Conqueror group, especially for the elite as also shown before,34 very often accompanied by Asian maternal lineages, indicating that I2a1a2b1a1a could be more typical for the immigrants than to the local
774:
Called
Continental 3. Continental 3 has a wide distribution. Found in Central Europe from Germany, Austria to Poland, Romania and Ukraine, but also in lower frequencies in Greece, Italy, France, Spain, England, Ireland, and Armenia. It may have been disseminated in part by the
312:) (ISOGG 2019). The subclade divergence for I-P37.2 occurred 10.7±4.8 kya. The age of YSTR variation for the P37.2 subclade is 8.0±4.0 kya. It is the predominant version of I2 in Eastern Europe. The I2a is further made up by subgroups I-M26, I-M423, I-L1286, I-L880.
169:. Haplogroup I-M438 originated some time around 26,000–31,000 BCE. It originated in Europe and developed into several main subgroups: I2-M438*, I2a-L460, I2b-L415 and I2c-L596. The haplogroup can be found all over Europe and reaches its maximum frequency in the
1574:
Underhill PA, Myres NM, Rootsi S, Chow CT, Lin AA, Otillar RP, et al. (2007). "New phylogenetic relationships for Y-chromosome haplogroup I: Reappraising its
Phylogeography and Prehistory". In Mellars P, Boyle K, Bar-Yosef O, Stringer C (eds.).
2633:Šarac J, Šarić T, Havaš Auguštin D, Novokmet N, Vekarić N, Mustać M, et al. (November 2016). "Genetic heritage of Croatians in the Southeastern European gene pool-Y chromosome analysis of the Croatian continental and Island population".
383:
The approximate frequency and variance distribution of haplogroup I-P37 clusters, ancestral "Dnieper-Carpathian" (DYS448=20) and derived "Balkan" (DYS448=19: represented by a single SNP I-PH908), in
Eastern Europe per O.M. Utevska
1539:
18,400 YBP according to YFull YTree, being too old and widespread as an SNP for argumentation of ancient autochthony or medieval migration as well the old research used outdated nomenclature. According to "I-P37 (I2a)" project at
2453:
Ken Nordtvedt has split I2a2-M423-Dinaric into Din-N and Din-S. Din-N is older than Din-S. N=north of the Danube and S=south of the Danube River ... May 8, 2007: Dinaric I1b1 and DYS 448. DYS448 19 for S and 20 for
2330:
Marjanovic D, Fornarino S, Montagna S, Primorac D, Hadziselimovic R, Vidovic S, et al. (November 2005). "The peopling of modern Bosnia-Herzegovina: Y-chromosome haplogroups in the three main ethnic groups".
491:
from the homeland which was in present-day Ukraine. O.M. Utevska (2017), in her PhD thesis, despite being a part of research team who came to a different conclusion in 2015, proposed that the haplogroup STR
749:
subsequent migration from Britain to Ireland. Some subclades of I-M284 that are atypical of Ireland are relatively common in continental Europe, which also supports a point of origin east of Ireland.
3996:
597:
has been variously estimated as 13.2±2.7 kya, 12.3±3.1 kya., 14.6 kya and 14.6±3.8 kya (Rootsi 2004). I-M223 has a peak in Germany and another in the northeast of Sweden, but also appears in
1544:, the divergence at STR marker DYS448 20 > 19 is reported since 2007, while the SNP which defines the STR Dinaric-South cluster, I-PH908, is reported since 2014. The SNP I-PH908 at
516:. However, STR-based calculations give overestimated dates, and more specifically, the "Balkan cluster" is represented by a single SNP, I-PH908, known as I2a1a2b1a1a1c in
379:
4023:
Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome".
347:(9.5% in Bortzerriak, Navarra; 9.7% in Chazetania, Aragon; 8% in Val d'Aran, Catalunya; 2.9% in Alt Urgell, Catalunya; and 8.1% in Baixa Cerdanya, Catalunya) and
52:
2668:
studies clearly indicate that the STR-based age calculations tend to yield overestimated dates (Batini et al., 2015; Hallast et al., 2015; Karmin et al., 2015).
575:
371:
I-L178 is very rare, but has been found in two persons from Germany and one from Poland. The age of YSTR variation for the M423 subclade is 8.8±3.6 kya.
2125:
Mršić G, Gršković B, Vrdoljak A, Popović M, Valpotić I, Anđelinović Š, et al. (July 2012). "Croatian national reference Y-STR haplotype database".
566:
which belonged to the I-S17250 > I-Y5596 > I-Z16971 > I-Y5595 > I-A16681 subclade, as well I-CTS10228 and I-Y3120 subclades found in two
512:
towards the Balkan peninsula happened approximately 2,860 ± 730 years ago, relating it to the times before Slavs, but much after the decline of the
2289:
2080:
Luca F, Di Giacomo F, Benincasa T, Popa LO, Banyko J, Kracmarova A, et al. (January 2007). "Y-chromosomal variation in the Czech Republic".
4001:
3419:
3048:
1925:
1584:
551:(2020), the distribution of ancestral subclades like of I-CTS10228 among contemporary carriers indicates a rapid expansion from Southeastern
3192:
Margaryan A, Lawson DJ, Sikora M, Racimo F, Rasmussen S, Moltke I, et al. (September 2020). "Population genomics of the Viking world".
737:. The presence of this subclade "provides some tentative evidence of ancient flow with eastern areas that could support the idea that the
3448:
2496:
2522:
Zupan A, Vrabec K, Glavač D (2013). "The paternal perspective of the Slovenian population and its relationship with other populations".
4230:
1502:
854:
508:. Utevska calculated that the STR cluster divergence and its secondary expansion from the middle reaches of the Dnieper river or from
3485:
880:
1669:"High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations"
1276:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2b Y7240 (2688254 T->G) English
520:
phylogenetic tree (2019), and according to YFull YTree it formed and had TMRCA approximately 1,850-1,700 YBP (2nd-3rd century AD).
1834:
757:
Continentals. Mother Haplogroup for group I-Z161 (Continental 1 and 2) and I-L701 group (Continental 3). Around 10.000 years old.
4220:
1448:• • • • • •I2a2b3a S2488 (12733783 T->A) English
693:
in Eastern Europe. Of historical note, both haplogroups I-M253 and I-M223 appear at a low frequency in the historical regions of
535:
Carpathian Basin. Although it is dominant among the modern Slavic peoples on the territory of the former Balkan provinces of the
3475:
2170:"Standing at the gateway to Europe--the genetic structure of Western balkan populations based on autosomal and haploid markers"
1434:• • • • •I2a2b1 L533/S295 (2887198 G->C) n.w. Europeans
1418:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2c CTS11871/S3673 (23326304 C->T) Brits, Germans
1268:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1c2 Y4760 (15025945 A->T) Brits, Germans
1460:• • • •I2c1a L1251 (2888598 C->T) Germans
1428:• • • • • •I2a2a2a L1228 (15446045 G->C) w. Europeans
513:
258:). Subclades of I2a1 (I-P37.2), namely I-M423 and I-M26, have been found in remains of WHGs dating from 10,000 to 8,000 years
4235:
1270:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1d BY138 (2809424 A->T) Mexicans, English
858:
2568:"Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data"
1326:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1a1a P95 (14869706 G->T) Poles, n.w. Europeans
1412:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a2 L1290 (14623983 T->C) n. Europeans
1400:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b2b Y4769 (18201094 A->G) Germans
1288:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1a1a1 S23612 (21826246 C->T) Brits, Italians, Germans
1272:• • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a2 S18331 (16449714 C->T) Brits
2467:
2236:"Genetic analysis of male Hungarian Conquerors: European and Asian paternal lineages of the conquering Hungarian tribes"
1402:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b3 Y7426 (18830768 A->G) English
605:, Russia, Greece, Italy and around the Black Sea. Haplogroup I-M223 has been found in over 4% of the population only in
539:, until now it was not found among the samples from the Roman period and is almost absent in contemporary population of
523:
It is considered that I-L621 could have been present in the Cucuteni–Trypillia culture, but until now was mainly found
2374:
Rębała K, Mikulich AI, Tsybovsky IS, Siváková D, Džupinková Z, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Szczerkowska Z (16 March 2007).
1908:
Sazzini M, Sarno S, Luiselli D (2014). "The Mediterranean Human Population: An Anthropological Genetics Perspective".
1536:
730:
409:
356:
2281:Генофонд українців за різними системами генетичних маркерів: походження і місце на європейському генетичному просторі
1468:• • • • • • •I2c1b1a1 F2044 (15944600 T->A) Brits
1134:• • • • • • •I2a1a2a2 L880 (3436270 C->T) central Europeans
843:
1474:• • • • • •I2c1c1a FGC18548 (7380574 A->G) Sardinians
1312:• • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1b3 PF6901 (17558585 C->G) Sardinians
1310:• • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1b2 Z26416 (18851267 G->A) Sardinians
1258:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1b Y7244 (8271590 C->T) Germans
1548:
phylogenetic tree is named as I2a1a2b1a1a1c, while formed and had TMRCA approximately 1,800 YBP according to YFull.
1454:• •I2b L415/S435 (2888663 C->T) or L417/S332 (8426321 T->C) Germans, Italians
4142:
Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
1470:• • • •I2c1c S6685 (14185048 G->C)
1136:• • • • • •I2a1a2b L1294 (2887401 T->C) French
1122:• • • • • • •I2a1a1b1 Z27400 (2833818 C->T) Sardinians
862:
847:
1274:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a2a L1230 (3436442 G->A) Brits
1170:• • • • • •I2a1b1b PF4135 (18981938 G->A) Brits
405:
99:
2734:"Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin"
2286:
The gene pool of Ukrainians revealed by different systems of genetic markers: the origin and statement in Europe
1330:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1a2a CTS10148 (19291083 A->T) African Americans
113:
4225:
3664:
2797:
Mathieson I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Posth C, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Rohland N, Mallick S, et al. (March 2018).
413:
109:
1184:• • • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1a1 Z16971 (6676628 G->C) Slovenians, Germans, Ukrainians
717:
Haplogroup I2a1b1a1a (ISOGG 2019) or I-M284, has been found almost exclusively amongst the populations of the
3604:
246:(WHG) belonging to Villabruna Cluster. A 2015 study found haplogroup I2a in 13,500 year old remains from the
4188:
Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
3867:
3594:
1314:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1c PF6896 (8904322 C->T) Brits, French
1132:• • • • • • • • •I2a1a2a1a1 A417 (8846964 T->C) Brits
243:
4197:
Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
3691:
3674:
1120:• • • • • •I2a1a1b Z27354 (7132292 T->C)
3856:
3848:
3588:
3453:
448:
137:
3682:
1851:
Mathieson I, Lazaridis I, Rohland N, Mallick S, Patterson N, Roodenberg SA, et al. (December 2015).
1615:"Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup I reveals distinct domains of prehistoric gene flow in europe"
1114:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a1a1a3a1a1a Z27452 (7346620 C->T) Sardinians
570:
from Sweden (VK53) and Ukraine (VK542) with predominantly Slavic ancestry of which the second belongs to
3918:
3764:
3121:
Sikora M, Seguin-Orlando A, Sousa VC, Albrechtsen A, Korneliussen T, Ko A, et al. (November 2017).
1776:
Jones ER, Gonzalez-Fortes G, Connell S, Siska V, Eriksson A, Martiniano R, et al. (November 2015).
1512:
1188:• • • • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1a2a Y4882 (21135222 G->A) Poles
1001:
917:
393:
3841:
3834:
3827:
2680:
Balanovsky O (May 2017). "Toward a consensus on SNP and STR mutation rates on the human Y-chromosome".
1356:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1a1a1 Y5729 (14394460 C->T) English
1298:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1a2a Y7214 (4901002 C->A) Dutch
1228:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a1b Y7190 (7987909 C->T) Scots
1354:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1a1a S434/Z79 (17147721 G->A) English
1118:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a1a1a3a1a1b1 Z27456 (13885862 T->C) Sardinians
593:
I-M223 aka I2a1b1 (ISOGG 2019), formerly I2a2a (ISOGG 2014). The age of YSTR variation for the I-M223
3957:
3876:
3811:
3755:
3740:
3726:
3647:
3619:
3343:
3209:
3201:
3134:
2985:
2928:
2871:
2810:
2749:
2579:
2181:
1987:
1864:
1789:
1507:
1364:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1a3 P195.2 (22665262 A->G) Brits
1222:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a1a1a Y4750 (23059262 C->G)
907:
3950:
3945:
2437:
3468:
3412:
Celtic from the West: Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics, Language, and Literature
1420:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2d Y5188 (7838639 G->A) Maltese
1186:• • • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1a2 Y3548 (14856842 A->G) Sardinians
509:
1266:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1c1 FGC15128/Y4714 (15945966 G->C) Irish
4048:
3886:
3560:
3543:
3294:
3245:
3019:
2705:
2658:
2547:
2356:
2150:
1414:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a3 Y7202 (2913976 G->A) Germans
1294:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1a1a2 Y5369 (23185624 G->T) Brits
571:
397:
2915:
Lipson M, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Mallick S, Pósa A, Stégmár B, Keerl V, et al. (November 2017).
2854:
Gelabert P, Schmidt RW, Fernandes DM, Karsten JK, Harper TK, Madden GD, et al. (May 2022).
2168:
Kovacevic L, Tambets K, Ilumäe AM, Kushniarevich A, Yunusbayev B, Solnik A, et al. (2014).
1300:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1a2b Y8945 (4567154 G->A)
496:
have the highest diversity in Ukraine, with ancestral STR marker result "DYS448=20" comprising "
1974:
Francalacci P, Morelli L, Angius A, Berutti R, Reinier F, Atzeni R, et al. (August 2013).
475:
origin of the haplogroup I2 in the Balkans is now considered as outdated, as already Battaglia
4117:
4098:
F-Y27277, sometimes known as F2'4, is both the parent clade of F2 and F4 and a child of F-M89.
4040:
3978:
3973:
3964:
3907:
3898:
3818:
3749:
3707:
3659:
3577:
3415:
3371:
3286:
3237:
3152:
3103:
3044:
3011:
2954:
2897:
2836:
2775:
2697:
2650:
2615:
2597:
2539:
2475:
2397:
2348:
2209:
2142:
2107:
2062:
2031:
Battaglia V, Fornarino S, Al-Zahery N, Olivieri A, Pala M, Myres NM, et al. (June 2009).
2013:
1921:
1890:
1815:
1758:
1740:
1690:
1644:
1580:
1252:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1a1 L812/S391 (14850035 G->A)
524:
348:
276:
166:
2732:
Neparáczki E, Maróti Z, Kalmár T, Maár K, Nagy I, Latinovics D, et al. (November 2019).
1667:
Pericić M, Lauc LB, Klarić IM, Rootsi S, Janićijevic B, Rudan I, et al. (October 2005).
1192:• • • • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1a3a Y6651 (23792119 A->G) Czechs
4032:
3940:
3698:
3652:
3361:
3351:
3276:
3227:
3219:
3142:
3093:
3083:
3001:
2993:
2972:
Patterson N, Isakov M, Booth T, Büster L, Fischer CE, Olalde I, et al. (January 2022).
2944:
2936:
2887:
2879:
2826:
2818:
2765:
2757:
2689:
2642:
2605:
2587:
2531:
2387:
2340:
2247:
2199:
2189:
2134:
2097:
2089:
2052:
2044:
2003:
1995:
1954:
1913:
1880:
1872:
1805:
1797:
1748:
1730:
1722:
1680:
1634:
1626:
1430:• • • • • •I2a2a2b Y6099 (7527993 G->A)
646:
579:
563:
488:
472:
340:
266:
251:
3123:"Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers"
2917:"Parallel palaeogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers"
2376:"Y-STR variation among Slavs: evidence for the Slavic homeland in the middle Dnieper basin"
1264:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1c FGC15106/Y4334 (7845669 G->T)
3712:
2867:
2745:
2441:
1838:
1541:
1362:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1a2 FGC3617/S2368/Z166 (14010863 G->T)
738:
726:
3443:
3410:
McEvoy BP, Bradly DG (2010). "Irish Genetics and Celts". In Cunliffe BW, Koch JT (eds.).
1976:"Low-pass DNA sequencing of 1200 Sardinians reconstructs European Y-chromosome phylogeny"
1613:
Rootsi S, Magri C, Kivisild T, Benuzzi G, Help H, Bermisheva M, et al. (July 2004).
1224:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a1a1a1 FGC20062/Y4753 (16910733 G->T) Irish, Scots
898:
3514:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
3347:
3205:
3138:
3098:
3069:
2989:
2932:
2875:
2814:
2753:
2583:
2185:
1991:
1868:
1793:
3928:
3721:
3554:
3461:
3366:
3331:
3263:
Maróti Z, Neparáczki E, Schütz O, Maár K, Varga GI, Kovács B, et al. (July 2022).
3074:
3006:
2973:
2949:
2916:
2892:
2855:
2831:
2798:
2770:
2733:
2610:
2567:
2204:
2169:
2057:
2032:
2008:
1975:
1885:
1852:
1832:
1810:
1777:
1753:
1710:
1639:
1614:
734:
718:
650:
505:
417:
336:
259:
178:
4065:
1408:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b6 DF5.2/S191.2 (18393814 A->G) Brits
791:
208:
4214:
4121:
3803:
3797:
3783:
3772:
3735:
3638:
3633:
3624:
3610:
3571:
3298:
3249:
3023:
2344:
2279:
2033:"Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in Southeast Europe"
1358:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1a1a2 Y7682 (not yet reported)
1102:• • • • • • •I2a1a1a2 CTS6027 (16620529 C->G) w. Europeans
686:
528:
460:
363:. The age of YSTR variation for the M26 subclade has been calculated as 8.0±4.0 kya.
17:
4052:
2662:
2551:
2360:
2154:
416:(36.6-42%)—often called "Dinaric". It has the highest variance and concentration in
2709:
1360:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1a1b Y7280 (17305030 T->G)
582:
from the 9th century, part of Western Eurasian-Slavic component of the Hungarians.
536:
532:
335:
Haplogroup I-L158 (L158, L159.1/S169.1, M26) accounts for approximately 40% of all
170:
159:
1236:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a2a1 FGC14237/Y5996 (8292320 G->T) Irish
3038:
2592:
2535:
2194:
1917:
1380:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1b2 FGC17399/Y4926 (23549293 G->A)
1406:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b5 M3268.2/PF3292.2 (8519704 G->A) Germans
832:
745:
610:
459:(2005) for instance placed its expansion to have occurred "not earlier than the
452:
255:
182:
3336:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3088:
2997:
2883:
2856:"Genomes from Verteba cave suggest diversity within the Trypillians in Ukraine"
2761:
2288:] (PhD) (in Ukrainian). National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of
2252:
2235:
1726:
1198:• • • • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1b1a CTS5579/S5054 (16378157 G->T) Finns
1148:• • • • • • •I2a1b1a2 FGC14448/Y5450 (7158983 A->G) Irish
3281:
3264:
3223:
2693:
2392:
2375:
2138:
1352:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1a1 Z190 (17473966 G->T)
590:
567:
501:
240:
189:
162:
4173:
2601:
1744:
1711:"Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers"
1392:• • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1c1b FGC20004/Y5692 (18993826 A->T)
1368:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1b1 Y7272 (19264274 G->A)
1350:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1a L1198 (18405788 C->T))
1146:• • • • • • •I2a1b1a1 FGC7218/Y5280 (21354226 G->A) Irish
3356:
3147:
3122:
1999:
1685:
1668:
493:
468:
352:
4044:
3375:
3290:
3241:
3156:
3107:
3070:"A genetic history of the Balkans from Roman frontier to Slavic migrations"
3015:
2958:
2901:
2840:
2779:
2701:
2654:
2619:
2543:
2401:
2352:
2213:
2146:
2111:
2066:
2017:
1894:
1819:
1762:
1694:
1648:
1456:• •I2c L596/PF6907/S292 (14197631 G->A) or L597/S333 (18887888 T->A)
1398:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b2a CTS5332.2/PF7472.2 (16212441 G->A)
527:
and non-I2-L621 clades, and another clade I2a1a1-CTS595 was present in the
2234:
Fóthi E, Gonzalez A, Fehér T, Gugora A, Fóthi Á, Biró O, Keyser C (2020).
2048:
1366:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1b Y5748 (14106278 C->T)
447:
Older research considered that the high frequency of this subclade in the
2974:"Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age"
1370:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1c Y7273 (16449864 A>G)
1226:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a1a1a2 Y8599 Irish
706:
694:
690:
682:
662:
642:
630:
622:
594:
464:
401:
344:
343:. It is also found at low to moderate frequency among populations of the
132:
4080:
Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
3332:"Y chromosome diversity, human expansion, drift, and cultural evolution"
2940:
2822:
1876:
1348:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1 Z180 (22065434 A->G)
1220:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a1a1 FGC20065/Y4751 (18635722 A->G)
4036:
3232:
3170:
2646:
2093:
1801:
1735:
1376:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1b1 CTS661/L1272 (6931960 G->A)
1218:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a1a FGC20048/S7753/Y4171 (17603051 G->T)
722:
698:
666:
626:
618:
614:
606:
602:
598:
497:
480:
429:
421:
247:
193:
174:
4166:
4120:
was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to
2308:
2102:
1390:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1c1a1 Y7265 (9147689 T->C)
1254:• • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1a1a Y5308 (16820196 G->A)
4177:, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree"
3388:
1346:• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a2a1a1a Z185 (22929384 T->C)
1340:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a2a1 FGC3618/S2361 (17355245 A->G)
893:
Up-to-date phylogenetic trees listing subclades of I can be found at
702:
674:
670:
658:
654:
638:
634:
559:
552:
425:
360:
272:
2415:
1959:
1942:
1382:• • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1b2a S8104 (7432604 A->G)
1374:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1b Y4925/ZS20 (23977120 A->C)
4133:
Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
3214:
1630:
1388:• • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1c1a Y7263 (7900806 C->A)
1378:• • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1b1a Y5717 (6931960 G->A)
1250:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1a BY524/Y9443 (6371561 A->G)
2500:
1778:"Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians"
1579:. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 33–42.
1545:
1256:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1a2 Y10648 (8267867 C->G)
776:
678:
540:
517:
437:
389:
378:
280:
3438:
3316:
1394:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1c2 Y10659 (4616653 A->G)
1386:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1c1 Y5695 (14574229 T->C)
1372:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1a2 Y9161 (9154908 T->C)
1260:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1b1 P53.3 (14491649 T->C)
1238:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a2b CTS3792/S2380 (15183633 C->T)
894:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1424:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1b3a CTS12640/S4904/ZS21 (28652639 C->T)
1290:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1a1a1a Y5360 (23185624 G->T)
1262:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1b2 Y7243 (2911078 G->A)
1164:• • • • • • • • • •I2a1b1a3c1a FGC7218/Y5280 (21354226 G->A)
744:
Where it is found in those of predominately Irish descent, with
3457:
1328:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1a2 CTS1858 (14098206 G->T)
1116:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a1a1a3a1a1b Z27453 (22045753 C->A)
3494:
3265:"The genetic origin of Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians"
1532:
1404:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b4 S243/Z63 (14401486 C->T)
1384:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b1c Y4955 (15362162 G->A)
1292:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1a1a1b S10702 (7822881 T->C)
1166:• • • • • • • • •I2a1b1a3c2 FGC14453/Y5456 (16637771 A->G)
826:
786:
441:
433:
203:
156:
29:
3330:
Chiaroni J, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL (December 2009).
1410:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b7 F3406.2 (23119516 G->A)
1342:• • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a2a1a Z78 (9154908 T->C)
1212:• • • • • • •I2a2a1a1 M284 (22750461..22750464 ACAA->del)
574:(11th century). It was also found in the skeletal remains of
1853:"Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians"
1324:• • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1a1 S8522 (3162610 T->C)
1162:• • • • • • • • •I2a1b1a3c1 FGC7156/Y4665 (2685333 T->C)
1112:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a1a1a3a1a1 Z27447 (17445510 A->G)
1943:"Y-Chromosome haplogroup I prehistoric gene flow in Europe"
1396:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b2 L1425 (14491835 C->T)
1190:• • • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1a3 A356/Z16983 (17558968 T->C)
4066:
International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015),
2468:"Link to I-L621 tree showing major STR clusters (Updated)"
1338:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a2a S2364 (23052606 A->G)
1308:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1b1a1 Y6973 (8430276 A->G)
1248:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a1 Z2054 (2980725 C->T)
1234:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a2a CTS4922 (15903939 T->C)
1230:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a1c F3878.2 (8752246 G->A)
1152:• • • • • • • •I2a1b1a3a FGC7197/S7703 (17494645 G->C)
705:. Haplogroup I-M223 also occurs among approximately 1% of
4107:
Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
1336:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a2 CTS6433 (16889964 T->C)
1332:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1b Y7152 (5852771 C->T)
1322:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1a Y5282 (7982615 C->T)
1320:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1 CTS1977 (14140273 G->A)
1216:• • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a1 L126/S165 (14901633 C->T)
1182:• • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1a S17250/YP204 (15531354 G->A)
1160:• • • • • • • •I2a1b1a3c FGC7173/Y3729 (8472670 A->T)
1110:• • • • • • • • • •I2a1a1a3a1a Z27446 (14420039 G->A)
1306:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1b1a S12195 (9105096 C->T)
1246:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1a Z2058 (5317533 T->C)
558:
Some of the earliest archeogenetic samples until now is
1286:• • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1a1a A427 (23281929 G->T)
1156:• • • • • • • • • •I2a1b1a3a1a S8889 (4310132 A->G)
1150:• • • • • • •I2a1b1a3 FGC7108/S2640 (14107847 G->A)
803:
451:-speaking populations to be the result of "pre-Slavic"
220:
45:
needs attention from an expert in Human Genetic History
1482:• • • • • • • • •I2c1c1b1a1 S6656 (17410728 G->C)
1318:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a L801/S390 (21763755 A->C)
1284:• • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1a1 S25733 (23595728 C->T)
1130:• • • • • • • •I2a1a2a1a L233/S183 (14487362 G->A)
1108:• • • • • • • • •I2a1a1a3a1 Z27430 (15383072 T->C)
479:(2009) observed highest variance of the haplogroup in
3037:
Pamjav H, Fehér T, Németh E, Koppány Csáji L (2019).
1478:• • • • • • •I2c1c1b1 S6622 (14264992 A->G)
1244:• • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a1 Y3681 (22519059 T->C)
1196:• • • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1b1 Y3118 (23548545 T->C)
1154:• • • • • • • • •I2a1b1a3a1 S7714 (21345894 T->A)
1096:• • • • • •I2a1a1a CTS8968/PF4036 (18584762 T->C)
779:. It is nearly absent from Scandinavia and Scotland.
291:, and one individual was ascribed to haplogroup I2c.
3449:
ISOGG 2019-2020 Y-DNA Haplogroup I and its Subclades
1480:• • • • • • • •I2c1c1b1a S6595 (21430083 G->A)
1304:• • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1b1 L704 (17595966 C->A)
1296:• • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1a2 Y7219 (8447173 C->A)
1232:• • • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a2 L1193 (9448484 C->A)
3536:
1484:• • • • • •I2c1c1c S9234 (6512608 A->G)
1444:• • • • • • • •I2a2b2a1b F780.2 (6384078 G->A)
1242:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1a2a L1229 (14937828 C->A)
1202:• • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1c P61.2 (14482194 G->A)
1200:• • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1b V19.2 (2189,200 T->C)
1106:• • • • • • • •I2a1a1a3a Z27410 (18891640 T->G)
1098:• • • • • • •I2a1a1a1 L672/S327 (22228628 T->A)
127:
119:
105:
95:
87:
79:
74:
3068:Olalde, Iñigo; Carrión, Pablo (December 7, 2023).
2497:"Y-DNA Haplogroup I and its Subclades - 2019-2020"
1452:• • • • •I2a2b4 P15.2/PF3112.2 (3244026 C->T)
1442:• • • • • • • •I2a2b2a1a S11558 (8491250 G->A)
1344:• • • • • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a2a1a1 CTS8584
1214:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1a1a L1195 (18865320 G->A)
1204:• • •I2a2 M436/P214/PF3856/S33 (18747493 G->C)
1158:• • • • • • • •I2a1b1a3b S2742 (19440521 A->G)
1144:• • • • • •I2a1b1a L1498/Y4008 (18668472 C->T)
1531:The SNP I-P37 itself formed approximately 21,000
1426:• • • • •I2a2a2 S9403/SK1254 (6742730 T->C)
1416:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2b L623 (16202490 A->T)
1194:• • • • • • • •I2a1b2a1b Y4460 (9028830 G->A)
1180:• • • • • • •I2a1b2a1 CTS10228 (9334357 A->C)
1142:• • • • •I2a1b1 L161.1/S185.1 (22513718 C->T)
239:Haplogroup I2a was the most frequent Y-DNA among
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
1476:• • • • • •I2c1c1b S6716 (16173282 G->C)
1440:• • • • • • •I2a2b2a1 S24121 (22201497 C->A)
1334:• • • • • • • • • • •I2a2a1b2a1c BY526 or Y8935
1302:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1b L699 (2663920 A->G)
1172:• • • • • •I2a1b1c CTS8849.2 (18236845 A->G)
1104:• • • • • • •I2a1a1a3 Z27395 (16681589 A->G)
1422:• • • • • • •I2a2a1b3 S12606 (9879942 T->G)
1282:• • • • • • • •I2a2a1b1a P78 (6740387 G->A)
1278:• • • • • •I2a2a1b CTS10057 (19232160 C->T)
1240:• • • • • • •I2a2a1a2 Z2057 (4770006 T->C)
1174:• • • • • •I2a1b1d PF6316.2 (18181850 T->G)
1168:• • • • • • •I2a1b1a4 A1150 (15543414 A->T)
1128:• • • • • • •I2a1a2a1 L1287 (21970862 G->T)
725:suggesting that it may have arisen amongst the
351:, and it has been found in 1.6% of a sample of
4179:(Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
1662:
1660:
1658:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1446:• • • • •I2a2b3 M8990/S3846 (7534645 A->C)
1178:• • • • • •I2a1b2a CTS4002 (15328797 C->A)
1094:• • • • •I2a1a1 M26/PF4056 (21865821 G->A)
487:(2013) noted that it suggests it arrived with
3469:
2727:
2725:
2723:
1466:• • • • • •I2c1b1a PF6328 (21797244 C->A)
1464:• • • • •I2c1b1 CTS7767.1 (17651573 C->A)
1316:• • • • • • •I2a2a1b2 Z161 (2696497 C->G)
1280:• • • • • • •I2a2a1b1 L702 (7629205 C->T)
1176:• • • • •I2a1b2 L621/S392 (18760081 G->A)
432:). According to YFull YTree it formed 11,400
8:
2799:"The genomic history of southeastern Europe"
1450:• • • • • •I2a2b3b S4556 (14124389 A->G)
1438:• • • • • •I2a2b2a S2523 (14951410 C->T)
1126:• • • • • •I2a1a2a L1286 (21778662 G->A)
1086:•I2 M438/P215/PF3853/S31 (16638804 A->G)
279:were successfully analyzed. With regards to
49:Nomenclature of haplogroup(s) and subclades.
4151:Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
2438:"I2a Y-Haplogroup - Results: I2a2a-Dinaric"
2240:Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
1472:• • • • •I2c1c1 S6648 (14459289 T->A)
1210:• • • • • •I2a2a1a Y3721 (7982615 C->T)
861:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
188:The oldest example so far found is that of
3476:
3462:
3454:
3043:(in Hungarian). Napkút Kiadó. p. 58.
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
1124:• • • • •I2a1a2 S21825 (19126655 G->A)
1100:• • • • • • • •I2a1a1a1a L160/PF4013/S184
1090:• • •I2a1 P37.2/PF4004 (14491684 T->C)
1088:• •I2a L460/PF3647/S238 (7879415 A->C)
1073:
3365:
3355:
3280:
3231:
3213:
3146:
3097:
3087:
3005:
2948:
2891:
2830:
2769:
2609:
2591:
2391:
2251:
2203:
2193:
2101:
2082:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2056:
2007:
1958:
1884:
1809:
1752:
1734:
1684:
1638:
1436:• • • • •I2a2b2 S2606 (22527402 C->A)
1432:• • • •I2a2b L38/S154 (15668070 A->G)
1208:• • • • •I2a2a1 CTS616 (6906332 G->C)
1138:• • • • •I2a1a3 S2699 (14434372 C->T)
881:Learn how and when to remove this message
4089:Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
2303:
2301:
2299:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
1462:• • • •I2c1b CTS4092 (15391894 G->A)
467:transition and not later than the early
4015:
2290:National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
1561:
1524:
665:in southeastern France; the regions of
1092:• • • •I2a1a CTS595 (6874115 C->T)
641:in Northwest Europe; the provinces of
271:, the remains of six individuals from
71:
55:may be able to help recruit an expert.
1206:• • • •I2a2a M223 (21717307 G->A)
1140:• • • •I2a1b M423 (19096091 G->A)
7:
4002:Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people
3977:
3972:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3926:
3916:
3914:
3904:
3896:
3884:
3882:
3873:
3865:
3823:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3770:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3739:
3734:
3725:
3720:
3711:
3706:
3670:
3656:
3539:
1486:• • •I2c2 PF3827 (22444389 T->A)
859:adding citations to reliable sources
741:was accompanied by some migration."
3644:
3584:
3567:
1488:• • •I2c3 S6800 (16180130 G->A)
1458:• • •I2c1 PF3892 (8487200 T->C)
1007:
923:
913:
903:
733:(MRCA) who lived about 3,100 years
283:, two individuals were ascribed to
196:, being at least 14,200 years old.
181:, related to the migrations of the
2037:European Journal of Human Genetics
1619:American Journal of Human Genetics
1503:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
455:settlement in the region. Peričić
142:I2a2: Britain, Germany, and Sweden
25:
4071:. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
3414:. Oxbow Books. pp. 107–120.
2635:American Journal of Human Biology
766:remnants of a Norman settlement.
287:, one individual was ascribed to
244:Western European hunter-gatherers
53:WikiProject Human Genetic History
27:Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
3499:
2466:Bernie Cullen (22 August 2016).
2345:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00190.x
831:
790:
359:and 1.2% (3/257) of a sample of
207:
91:South-Eastern or Eastern Europe.
34:
4124:, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
1841:Mesolithic Western Eurasian DNA
1673:Molecular Biology and Evolution
388:I2a1a2b-L621 is typical of the
200:Origin and prehistoric presence
1577:Rethinking the Human Evolution
633:) – also the southern tips of
392:populations, being highest in
1:
1941:Rootsi S (31 December 2006).
685:and the area around Russia's
284:
265:In a 2015 study published in
3486:Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
2593:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820
2536:10.3109/03014460.2013.813584
2195:10.1371/journal.pone.0105090
1918:10.1007/978-94-007-6704-1_31
471:". However, the prehistoric
288:
3484:Phylogenetic tree of human
731:most recent common ancestor
357:Republic of North Macedonia
47:. The specific problem is:
4252:
4068:Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015
3970:
3937:
3894:
3863:
3854:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3780:
3746:
3732:
3718:
3704:
3688:
3672:
3541:
3444:FTDNA Y-DNA Haplotree of I
3089:10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.018
2998:10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4
2884:10.1038/s41598-022-11117-8
2762:10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5
2253:10.1007/s12520-019-00996-0
1727:10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0
514:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
4231:Human population genetics
3991:
3769:
3762:
3696:
3679:
3663:
3658:
3651:
3646:
3637:
3632:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3576:
3569:
3559:
3552:
3550:
3534:
3508:This article needs to be
3492:
3282:10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.093
3224:10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8
3173:. YFull.com. 27 June 2020
3171:"I-A16681 YTree v8.06.01"
2694:10.1007/s00439-017-1805-8
2418:. YFull.com. 27 June 2020
2393:10.1007/s10038-007-0125-6
2380:Journal of Human Genetics
2311:. YFull.com. 27 June 2020
2139:10.1007/s11033-012-1610-3
2127:Molecular Biology Reports
1038:
1025:
1012:
1005:
980:
967:
954:
941:
928:
921:
911:
185:to the Balkan peninsula.
155:(ISOGG 2019), is a human
2333:Annals of Human Genetics
2309:"I-PH908 YTree v8.06.01"
2292:. pp. 219–226, 302.
88:Possible place of origin
4221:Human Y-DNA haplogroups
4116:Between 2002 and 2008,
3357:10.1073/pnas.0910803106
3148:10.1126/science.aao1807
2524:Annals of Human Biology
2472:i2aproject.blogspot.com
2000:10.1126/science.1237947
1947:Documenta Praehistorica
80:Possible time of origin
3040:Genetika és őstörténet
2416:"I-P37 YTree v8.06.01"
543:. According to Pamjav
385:
138:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4236:Genetic polymorphisms
3082:(25): P5472–5485.E9.
2278:O.M. Utevska (2017).
2049:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249
1910:The Mediterranean Sea
1782:Nature Communications
1686:10.1093/molbev/msi185
1513:Haplogroup I1 (Y-DNA)
394:Southeastern European
382:
18:Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA)
3275:(13): 2858–2870.e7.
1912:. pp. 529–551.
1508:Haplogroup I (Y-DNA)
855:improve this section
576:Hungarian conquerors
412:(43.53-52.17%), and
3997:Y-DNA by population
3912:
3348:2009PNAS..10620174C
3342:(48): 20174–20179.
3206:2020Natur.585..390M
3139:2017Sci...358..659S
2990:2022Natur.601..588P
2941:10.1038/nature24476
2933:2017Natur.551..368L
2876:2022NatSR..12.7242G
2823:10.1038/nature25778
2815:2018Natur.555..197M
2754:2019NatSR...916569N
2584:2015PLoSO..1035820K
2186:2014PLoSO...9j5090K
1992:2013Sci...341..565F
1877:10.1038/nature16152
1869:2015Natur.528..499M
1794:2015NatCo...6.8912J
510:Eastern Carpathians
426:Southeastern Poland
295:Subclades of I-L460
128:Highest frequencies
83:28–33,000 years ago
4037:10.1002/humu.22468
3763:
3544:Y-chromosomal Adam
2860:Scientific Reports
2738:Scientific Reports
2647:10.1002/ajhb.22876
2094:10.1002/ajpa.20500
1837:2017-04-30 at the
1802:10.1038/ncomms9912
802:. You can help by
661:; the province of
572:Gleb Svyatoslavich
398:Bosnia-Herzegovina
386:
219:. You can help by
120:Defining mutations
4208:
4207:
4170:, 2017, "K-M2335"
4168:YFull YTree v5.08
4118:Haplogroup T-M184
3986:
3985:
3931:
3921:
3911:
3902:
3890:
3879:
3871:
3859:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3775:
3694:
3686:
3677:
3607:
3591:
3574:
3557:
3529:
3528:
3439:YFull YTree of I2
3421:978-1-84217-410-4
3200:(7825): 390–396.
3133:(6363): 659–662.
3050:978-963-263-855-3
2984:(7894): 588–594.
2927:(7680): 368–372.
2809:(7695): 197–203.
2339:(Pt 6): 757–763.
1986:(6145): 565–569.
1927:978-94-007-6703-4
1863:(7583): 499–503.
1721:(7950): 117–126.
1679:(10): 1964–1975.
1586:978-1-902937-46-5
1493:
1492:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1048:
991:
990:
908:Haplogroup I
891:
890:
883:
820:
819:
547:(2019) and Fóthi
277:Kongemose culture
237:
236:
167:haplogroup I-M170
149:Haplogroup I-M438
146:
145:
75:Haplogroup I-M438
70:
69:
16:(Redirected from
4243:
4198:
4195:
4189:
4186:
4180:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4143:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4125:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4072:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4020:
3927:
3917:
3905:
3897:
3885:
3875:
3866:
3855:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3771:
3690:
3681:
3673:
3603:
3587:
3570:
3553:
3537:
3524:
3521:
3515:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3455:
3426:
3425:
3407:
3394:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3369:
3359:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3284:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3235:
3217:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3091:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3009:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2952:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2895:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2773:
2729:
2718:
2717:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2613:
2595:
2566:Francesc (ed.).
2562:
2556:
2555:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2503:. 1 October 2019
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2305:
2294:
2293:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2231:
2218:
2217:
2207:
2197:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2133:(7): 7727–7741.
2122:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2060:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2011:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1888:
1848:
1842:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1756:
1738:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1688:
1664:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1610:
1591:
1590:
1571:
1549:
1529:
1074:
1008:
924:
914:
904:
886:
879:
875:
872:
866:
835:
827:
815:
812:
794:
787:
657:in northwestern
580:Carpathian Basin
564:Vladimir, Russia
562:(~900 YBP) near
489:Slavic migration
285:haplogroup I2a1b
275:ascribed to the
252:Grotte du Bichon
232:
229:
211:
204:
165:, a subclade of
151:, also known as
72:
65:
62:
56:
38:
37:
30:
21:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4226:Human migration
4211:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4064:
4060:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4006:
3987:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3504:
3500:
3488:
3482:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3409:
3408:
3397:
3387:
3383:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3269:Current Biology
3262:
3261:
3257:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3051:
3036:
3035:
3031:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2868:Nature Research
2853:
2852:
2848:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2746:Nature Research
2731:
2730:
2721:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2578:(9): e0135820.
2564:
2563:
2559:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2446:
2444:
2442:Family Tree DNA
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2297:
2277:
2276:
2265:
2233:
2232:
2221:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2030:
2029:
2025:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1960:10.4312/dp.33.3
1940:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1839:Wayback Machine
1831:
1827:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1612:
1611:
1594:
1587:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1542:Family Tree DNA
1530:
1526:
1521:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1050:
992:
887:
876:
870:
867:
852:
836:
825:
816:
810:
807:
800:needs expansion
785:
772:
763:
755:
739:La Tene culture
727:Ancient Britons
715:
588:
377:
369:
318:
308:(also known as
302:
297:
289:haplogroup I2a1
233:
227:
224:
217:needs expansion
202:
190:Hohle Fels (49)
66:
60:
57:
51:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4249:
4247:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4213:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4190:
4181:
4153:
4144:
4135:
4126:
4109:
4100:
4091:
4082:
4073:
4058:
4025:Human Mutation
4014:
4013:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3955:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3925:
3923:
3915:
3913:
3903:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
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3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3768:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3747:
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3743:
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3724:
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3695:
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3662:
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3568:
3565:
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3526:
3507:
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3498:
3493:
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3446:
3441:
3434:
3433:External links
3431:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3395:
3381:
3322:
3317:"I-M223 YTree"
3308:
3255:
3215:10.1101/703405
3184:
3162:
3113:
3060:
3049:
3029:
2964:
2907:
2846:
2789:
2719:
2688:(5): 575–590.
2682:Human Genetics
2672:
2641:(6): 837–845.
2625:
2557:
2530:(6): 515–526.
2514:
2488:
2458:
2429:
2407:
2386:(5): 406–414.
2366:
2322:
2295:
2263:
2219:
2180:(8): e105090.
2160:
2117:
2088:(1): 132–139.
2072:
2043:(6): 820–830.
2023:
1966:
1933:
1926:
1900:
1843:
1825:
1768:
1700:
1654:
1631:10.1086/422196
1625:(1): 128–137.
1592:
1585:
1560:
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1550:
1523:
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1520:
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1078:Subclades list
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823:Subclades list
821:
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797:
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781:
771:
768:
762:
759:
754:
751:
719:United Kingdom
714:
711:
587:
584:
506:founder effect
418:Eastern Europe
408:(37.7-69.8%),
404:(>45%), in
376:
373:
368:
365:
355:living in the
332:(ISOGG 2019).
317:
314:
301:
298:
296:
293:
260:before present
250:culture (from
235:
234:
214:
212:
201:
198:
179:founder effect
144:
143:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
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107:
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102:
97:
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92:
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77:
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68:
67:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
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10:
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4:
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2:
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4031:(2): 187–91.
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2015:
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986:
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931:
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919:
916:
915:
909:
906:
905:
901:
900:
899:FamilyTreeDNA
896:
885:
882:
874:
871:November 2015
864:
860:
856:
850:
849:
845:
840:This section
838:
834:
829:
828:
822:
814:
805:
801:
798:This section
796:
793:
789:
788:
782:
780:
778:
769:
767:
760:
758:
752:
750:
747:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
712:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:Ryazan Oblast
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
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612:
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583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:Baden culture
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:autochthonous
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:South Croatia
399:
395:
391:
381:
374:
372:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
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315:
313:
311:
307:
299:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
242:
231:
222:
218:
215:This section
213:
210:
206:
205:
199:
197:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:
158:
154:
150:
141:
139:
134:
130:
126:
123:M438/P215/S31
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
64:
61:November 2015
54:
50:
46:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
4193:
4184:
4174:
4167:
4162:
4156:
4147:
4138:
4129:
4112:
4103:
4094:
4085:
4076:
4067:
4061:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4009:
3874:
3817:
3789:
3517:
3509:
3411:
3390:
3384:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3311:
3302:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3165:
3130:
3126:
3116:
3079:
3073:
3063:
3054:
3039:
3032:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2783:
2741:
2737:
2713:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2666:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2575:
2571:
2560:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2505:. Retrieved
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2471:
2461:
2452:
2445:. Retrieved
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2410:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2285:
2280:
2257:
2243:
2239:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2040:
2036:
2026:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1909:
1903:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1828:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1718:
1714:
1703:
1676:
1672:
1622:
1618:
1576:
1527:
1084:
1069:
1039:
1026:
1013:
981:
968:
955:
942:
929:
892:
877:
868:
853:Please help
841:
811:January 2021
808:
804:adding to it
799:
773:
764:
756:
743:
716:
589:
557:
548:
544:
537:Roman Empire
533:Chalcolithic
522:
484:
483:, and Zupan
476:
456:
449:South Slavic
446:
387:
370:
334:
329:
325:
321:
319:
309:
305:
303:
267:
264:
238:
225:
221:adding to it
216:
187:
171:Dinaric Alps
160:Y-chromosome
152:
148:
147:
135:
58:
48:
44:
3304:population.
3233:10852/83989
2447:11 November
1736:10256/23099
629:(excluding
611:Netherlands
453:paleolithic
396:regions of
320:Haplogroup
256:Switzerland
183:Early Slavs
106:Descendants
4215:Categories
2103:2108/35058
1556:References
753:I-CTS10057
707:Sardinians
591:Haplogroup
502:Carpathian
494:haplotypes
341:Sardinians
337:patrilines
241:Mesolithic
228:April 2017
163:haplogroup
4175:PhyloTree
4010:Footnotes
3299:249050620
3250:221769227
3024:245509501
2748:: 16569.
2602:1932-6203
1953:: 17–20.
1745:1476-4687
842:does not
729:, with a
469:Neolithic
353:Albanians
254:, modern
4172:, and;
4163:op. cit.
4053:23291764
4045:24166809
3683:F-Y27277
3376:19920170
3291:35617951
3242:32939067
3157:28982795
3108:38065079
3099:10752003
3016:34937049
2959:29144465
2902:35508651
2870:: 7242.
2841:29466330
2780:31719606
2702:28455625
2663:25873634
2655:27279290
2620:26332464
2572:PLOS ONE
2552:34621779
2544:23879710
2402:17364156
2361:36632274
2353:16266413
2214:25148043
2174:PLOS ONE
2155:18011987
2147:22391654
2112:17078035
2067:19107149
2018:23908240
1895:26595274
1835:Archived
1820:26567969
1788:: 8912.
1763:36859578
1695:15944443
1649:15162323
1535:and had
1497:See also
695:Bithynia
691:Mordovia
683:Moldavia
663:Provence
643:Normandy
631:Cornwall
623:Scotland
595:subclade
560:Sungir 6
465:Holocene
436:and had
410:Bosniaks
375:I2a-L621
345:Pyrenees
306:I-P37.2+
133:Sardinia
96:Ancestor
3887:K-M2313
3880:
3821:
3806:
3792:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3580:
3563:
3510:updated
3367:2787129
3344:Bibcode
3210:bioRxiv
3202:Bibcode
3177:17 July
3135:Bibcode
3127:Science
3007:8889665
2986:Bibcode
2950:5973800
2929:Bibcode
2893:9068698
2872:Bibcode
2832:6091220
2811:Bibcode
2771:6851379
2750:Bibcode
2710:3714493
2611:4558026
2580:Bibcode
2507:17 July
2481:3 April
2476:Blogger
2422:17 July
2315:17 July
2205:4141785
2182:Bibcode
2058:2947100
2009:5500864
1988:Bibcode
1980:Science
1886:4918750
1865:Bibcode
1811:4660371
1790:Bibcode
1754:9977688
1640:1181996
863:removed
848:sources
723:Ireland
699:Galatia
667:Tuscany
627:England
619:Denmark
615:Belgium
607:Germany
603:Moldova
599:Romania
578:of the
568:Vikings
531:of the
498:Dnieper
481:Ukraine
430:Belarus
422:Ukraine
420:(i.e.,
384:(2017).
330:I2a1a1a
300:I-P37.2
248:Azilian
194:Germany
175:Balkans
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