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705:, with results as devastating as on 19 October. Near present-day Harmar street where one portion of troops had crossed the river and been ambushed, one eyewitness afterwards said he could "Walk across the Maumee River on the bodies of dead men." Survivors fled across the St. Joseph to join the U.S. detachments under Hardin. The Shawnee and Miami attacked Hardin from three sides. Expecting reinforcements from Harmar, Hardin defended his position for over three hours before finally falling back to join the rest of the army.
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and Major
Horatio Hall. Wyllys' force departed at 2:00 AM on 22 October. At dawn, it paused on the Maumee River and divided into four detachments led by Wyllys, Fontaine, Hall, and Hardin. Hardin and Hall moved to the west, south of the Native American towns, to establish positions on the western bank of the St. Joseph River. Wyllys, Fontaine, and Major James McMullan crossed the Maumee, planning to frighten the Indians so that they would cross the St. Joseph, where Hardin and Hall would be waiting for them.
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cavalry charge into the wooded area and was killed, perhaps because his own men failed to join the charge. Fontaine's leaderless force withdrew. Once Wyllys and McMullan regrouped, they were harassed by small parties who fired on the militia and then retreated. McMullan's militia took the bait, drifting to the north until the regulars under Wyllys were left isolated. After a brief exchange of fire, they were trapped and forced to fight in the open at
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miles from camp. Harmar had sent Ray to assist in the battle, along with the only 30 men willing to go. In this battle, sometimes known as Harmar's defeat by the
Americans, 180 American men were either killed or wounded. The army forces reported 129 men killed in action (14 officers, including Wyllys and Fontaine, and 115 enlisted men) and 94 wounded (including 50 of the regulars). Estimates of Indian casualties range from 120 to 150.
658:, who hid beneath a log. Major Fontaine encountered the fleeing militia, along with Captain Faulkner's missing company. They formed a new line, which Colonel Hardin joined. They spotted a few Miami warriors who halted their pursuit and held the line until they believed there were no more fleeing militia. They then returned to the main encampment, where they estimated that 40 militia were killed and 12 wounded.
628:. The party came within a few miles of Kekionga, where they encountered an Indian on horseback, who fled along a minor trail leading away from the village. Hardin ordered his force to pursue but sent Major Fontaine's cavalry back to bring up Captain William Faulkner's company, which had been left behind. The Indian was a decoy and led Hardin into a swampy lowland bordered by fallen trees and the
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a few villages over 11 days but was delayed when the militia refused to continue. Hamtramck returned to
Vincennes instead of joining Harmar, who, by 13 October, had marched to within a half day's ride of Kekionga. That day, Kentucky patrols had captured a Shawnee scout who—after some intense interrogation—said that the Miami and Shawnee had decided to evacuate their towns rather than fight.
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had distributed all available arms and ammunition to Miami warriors. The Miami were well informed of the size and movements of Harmar's force and had learned of Harmar's inclination toward drunkenness. The
Americans seized the food left behind by the Miami. On the morning of 18 October, a mounted patrol under Lieutenant Colonel James Trotter rode towards the
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from
Pennsylvania and Kentucky would join the campaign, but notable militia leaders refused to participate, and enlisted pay was very low, especially during the harvest season when militia members were needed at home. Few experienced frontiersmen took part in the campaign; many instead paid recent immigrants to take their place. Lieutenant
671:
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Major
Hamtramck's western wing had been forced to turn back, and he thought his mission had been a failure. However, he later learned that a force of 600 warriors had been assembled to challenge him. Since his primary mission was to divert attention away from Harmar's main force, his mission had arguably been accomplished.
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Historical analysis of the Harmar campaign has been difficult. Eyewitness accounts contradict one another on key points, and Native
American accounts are not well documented. A great deal of mistrust was present between the U.S. regulars and the militia. Knox had hoped that veteran frontier fighters
661:
Captain
Armstrong arrived in camp the next morning. He blamed Hardin and the militia for the defeat and claimed that only about 100 Indians had been involved. This was the approximate number of warriors available from Kekionga and Le Gris' village. General Harmar initially refused Hardin's request to
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A smaller force led by Major
Hamtramck marched north from Vincennes at the same time. Hamtramck commanded 330 soldiers of the First American Regiment and militia from Virginia. He was to distract the Wabash Indians from the main force and then join Harmar for the main attack. Hamtramck's force burned
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Washington, as early as 1784, had told Henry Knox that a strong U.S. post should be established at
Kekionga. St. Clair, in 1790, had told both Washington and Knox that "we will never have peace with the Western Nations until we have a garrison there." Knox, however, was concerned that a U.S. fort at
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in the late 19th century in the West. Little Turtle became established as an Indian hero, and the Indians in the Northwest Territory were emboldened to continue to resist the United States. Although the campaign was intended to pacify American Indian nations, Harmar's defeat led to increased attacks
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After such high casualties from these engagements, General Harmar determined that he could not attack again. The approaching winter further threatened his command, as militia deserted and horses starved. The retreating force reached Fort Washington on 3 November. Native American leaders considered a
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The U.S. force under Harmar had considerable trouble moving through the woodlands. There were no suitable roads, and the army lost a third of their packhorses through negligence or theft. The contracts provided compensation for the horse owners, such that the loss of an animal could be profitable.
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wrote that the militia "appear to be raw and unused to the gun or the woods," and many arrived unfit for duty or unarmed. The troops were assembled in September, and the campaign had to be completed before winter set in, or the pack horses which carried the troops' supplies would starve for lack of
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Harmar reached other Miami villages near Kekionga on 17 October. The Miami had warning of the attack and had evacuated their villages with as much food as they could carry. Some British-affiliated traders had been living among the Miami; they fled to Fort Detroit with their families and goods. They
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In early 1790, emissaries from the United States sent word that St. Clair wished to discuss peace with the Native Americans at Vincennes. These were generally not well received and reinforced St. Clair's decision to launch an attack. American Indian attacks continued throughout the summer, but just
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as a sign that they should not attack. Their homes and food stores stolen or destroyed, refugees would rely on surviving villages to survive that winter. Important Miami artifacts were also lost in the evacuation, destroying history and culture that has never been recovered. Following the attacks,
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Hall, meanwhile, crossed the St. Joseph to the north, and joined up with McMullan. They marched together to Kekionga and prepared for another engagement, but finding it quiet, they returned to join the main force under General Harmar. Both Hardin and Hall met with Kentucky Major James Ray, just 3
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Eager to retaliate for their earlier losses, and hoping to discourage the Native Americans from attacking the return march, Harmar organized a force under the command of Major Wyllys. The force consisted of 60 regulars, 40 mounted soldiers under Major Fontaine, and 400 militia under Colonel Hardin
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towns looking for the people who have fled their towns. The patrol found, chased, and killed two Native Americans. A member of the patrol became separated and accidentally discovered a large war party, but after reporting this to Trotter, the patrol failed to locate them before returning to camp.
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the Odawa. Wells, who was Little Turtle's son-in-law, later claimed that Little Turtle was in overall command; but Wayne and Wilkinson both believed that Blue Jacket was in overall command. Learning of the defeats, Congress raised a second regiment of regular soldiers for six months, but it later
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The militias under Hardin and Hall found American Indians while approaching their position. It is unclear who fired first, but the sound alarmed those who were in Kekionga. Wyllys ordered a full attack, but warriors hiding on the opposite bank attacked while his force was crossing. Fontaine led a
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On 21 October, Harmar announced that their objective was complete and ordered his forces to begin their withdrawal to Fort Washington. They marched about eight miles and made camp at the same site they had used on 16 October. That evening, scouts arrived in camp and reported that about 120 Native
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in 1791 cleared Harmar of any wrongdoing during the campaign. Despite the heavy losses, Harmar considered his main objective accomplished. Five villages had been destroyed by evacuating villagers or by his army, and tens of thousands of bushels of grain had been taken or destroyed. Nevertheless,
875:
Blue Jacket was quoted as saying "We as a people have made no war, but as a people we are determined to meet the approaches of the enemy. … We are bound as men and Indians to defend , which we are determined to do, satisfied we are acting in the cause of justice." See Sword, p.
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reduced the soldiers' pay. The First Regiment was reduced to 299 soldiers, while the new Second Regiment recruited only half of their authorized number. When Governor St. Clair led a similar expedition the next year, he had to call out the militia to meet the required manpower.
642:, who had baited it with trinkets and goods. The militia gathered around a burning fire and began to collect the items when they were ambushed. The first volley came from the militia's right, killing several militia members, including the son of Kentucky General
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Captain Armstrong formed a line of 30 regulars and 8 militia, but most of the force fled past his line. Another infantry company to the rear refused to join the battle. After the U.S. line fired one round from their muskets, the Native force led by white-chief
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in hopes of surprising the Indians at Kekionga before they could finish evacuating. When Hardin's detachment reached Kekionga, they found the village abandoned. They burned it together with any stores they found and camped south of the destroyed town.
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President Washington was furious at the news of the defeat and lamented "my mind... is prepared for the worst; that is, for expence without honor or profit." He and St. Clair feared that the campaign would embolden the confederacy. Senator
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Kekionga would provoke the Indians and denied St. Clair's request to build a fort there. Following Harmar's defeat, Knox changed his mind. He instructed St. Clair to occupy and fortify Kekionga the following year. Poinsatte, 21–23
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grazing vegetation. The Army had no time to train the militia before the start of the campaign. Harmar viewed the militia with contempt, and the militia reciprocated by accusing Harmar of drunkenness, cowardice, and incompetence.
654:—mostly Miami with some Shawnee and Potawatomi—charged with handheld weapons. Only 8 of the 30 regulars survived, including Captain Armstrong, who hid in the marsh by sinking into mud and water up to his neck, and Ensign
662:
return to the battle site. Instead, he insisted that the army complete their mission of destroying villages and prepare to return to Fort Washington. The 19 October battle is sometimes referred to as Hardin's defeat.
515:. St. Clair and Harmar also planned to build a fort there. But when St. Clair presented his plan to Washington at New York in August 1790, the president decided that a fort would be too vulnerable and too expensive.
767:, lamenting the loss of Major Wyllys and expressing fear for Major Hamtramck. "This war is not over, it is only the Commencement of the Hostilities, so will we never learn to be wise that by force of stupidity?"
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The residents of Kekionga and the surrounding villages had little time to prepare for the invasion and thus decided to evacuate. Before dawn on 15 October, Harmar dispatched 600 men under Colonel
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527:. St. Clair wrote to the British at Fort Detroit to assure them that the expedition was against only Indian tribes and expressed his confidence that the British would not interfere.
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Je crain encore pour Hamtromac.3 Cette guerre n'est pas finis, ce ne sont que les Commencemens des Hostilities, n'apprendrons nous donc jamais d'etre sage qu'a force de balourdise?
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into the Shawnee and Miami lands as retaliation for the killings of American settlers and travelers on the contested frontier, and to deter the tribes from further attacks.
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Because they were both present when Harmar's army arrived, this was the first full military operation shared between Miami leader Little Turtle and Shawnee leader
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on U.S. settlements all across the Northwest Territory, both out of revenge and to replace the crops destroyed by Harmar. These attacks including the January 1791
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452:, governor of the Northwest Territory (an entity not recognized by its Native inhabitants), and asked him to determine whether the Indians living along the
420:, and at the few American settlements north of the Ohio, with some 1,500 settlers killed by the Indians. However, there was no general war. Before the
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were "inclined for war or peace" with the United States. St. Clair decided the tribes "wanted war," and called for militia forces to be assembled at
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917:) It is occasionally referred to as the "Battle of Heller's Corner," although the village founder would not move to the region until after 1830. (
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The primary objective of the Harmar campaign was the destruction of the Native villages located near the large Miami town of Kekionga (present-day
756:
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The militia was stretched out nearly a half mile when Hardin, at the head of the column, rode into the meadow. The meadow was near the village of
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at first resisted calls for military action against the resident Native American nations, fearing it would lead to even more conflicts. In 1789,
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563:. The campaign was launched from Fort Washington on 7 October 1790, when General Harmar began the march north along the
536:
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1545:"'Just and lawful war' as genocidal war in the (United States) Northwest Ordinance and Northwest Territory, 1787–1832"
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said the panic caused by the tactical Native victory would discourage new settlers from moving to the Ohio territory.
89:
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final, decisive blow to Harmar's retreating forces, but the Odawa reportedly departed for home, interpreting a
643:
385:. These were all overwhelming victories for the Native Americans and are sometimes collectively referred to as
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Harmar's losses were the worst defeat of U.S. forces by Indians up to that time. It was surpassed by
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646:. The U.S. force moved away to their left, where they were met with more fire at point-blank range.
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Defending A New Nation 1783–1811 by John R. Maass (Center of Military History United States Army)
2080:
American Military History Volume 1. The United States Army and the Forging of a Nation, 1775–1917
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From 1784 to 1789, there was considerable violence between encroaching American settlers and the
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reported that Little Turtle led the defense against Hardin, while Blue Jacket led the Shawnee,
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Annoyed, Hardin received permission to lead a similar reconnaissance patrol the following day.
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2141:"General Josiah Harmar's Campaign Reconsidered: How the Americans Lost the Battle of Kekionga"
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Hardin's Defeat on 19 October 1790 was later the site of a village called Heller's Corner. (
624:. The objective was to estimate the strength of the Indians and attack the village of Chief
449:
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Americans had returned to Kekionga. The number may have been higher, as Shawnee, Miami,
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1241:"Extract from a Letter dated November 25, 1790 – from a messenger from the expedition"
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2122:
President Washington's Indian War: The Struggle for the Old Northwest, 1790-1795
2086:(2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army.
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1980:
The Victory with No Name: The Native American Defeat of the First American Army
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the Native American confederacy moved their center away from Kekionga to the
428:, they were forced to cede what became known as the Northwest Territory when
373:. The campaign ended with a series of battles on 19–22 October 1790 near the
104:
91:
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432:. American settlers were eager to enter these lands and started to do so.
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that were seen as hostile in Autumn 1790. The campaign was led by General
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Military Professionalism and the Early American Officer Corps, 1789–1796
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Arrogant Armies - Great Military Disasters and the Generals Behind Them
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616:. The force consisted of 180 militia, a troop of cavalry under Major
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2016:
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Fleming, Thomas (August 2009). "Fallen Timbers, Broken Alliance".
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On 19 October, Harmar moved his main force to the Shawnee town of
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396:
1961:
The Life and Times of Little Turtle: First Sagamore of the Wabash
1689:"To Alexander Hamilton from Baron von Steuben, 16 December 1790"
759:, perhaps as an excuse to raise a standing army. That December,
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1649:. Fort Leavenworth: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 6.
235:
2053:"The Mihši-maalhsa Wars – Part II – The Battle of Kiihkayonki"
1089:"The Mihši-maalhsa Wars – Part II – The Battle of Kiihkayonki"
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representatives arrived at Vincennes to discuss peace. Major
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Wabash 1791: St. Clair's Defeat; Osprey Campaign Series #240
635:, where the horses could neither pursue nor easily retreat.
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Architecture & Community Heritage · Fort Wayne, Indiana
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1114:(Kindle ed.). Turner Publishing Company. p. 40.
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George Washington's America. A Biography Through His Maps
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accused the administration of starting a war without the
1719:"Saving Private Boon: Joseph Boone at "Harmar's Defeat""
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before the campaign was to launch, a party of Miami and
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1629:. Indianapolis: Sentinel Printing Company. p. 25.
27:
1790 US military offensive in the Northwest Indian War
2124:. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press.
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543:(organized into two battalions commanded by Major
2070:Outpost in the Wilderness: Fort Wayne, 1706–1828
2055:. Oxford, Ohio: Myaamia Center, Miami University
1614:(3). History Reference Center, EBSCOhost: 36–43.
1091:. Oxford, Ohio: Myaamia Center, Miami University
958:. Harper & Brothers, Publishers. p. 43.
369:and is considered a significant campaign of the
2200:Historical Marker Database – Battle of Kekionga
1238:General Assembly, Virginia (20 December 1790).
426:preserve this area as a Native American reserve
36:
2072:. Allen County, Fort Wayne Historical Society.
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
247:
8:
2195:Historical Marker Database – Hardin's Defeat
1944:. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society.
1265:
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1940:Barnhart, John D; Riker, Dorothy L (1971).
956:The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812
1186:Pfingsten, Bill, ed. (22 September 2011).
254:
240:
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1963:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
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2028:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
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1925:. Turner Publishing Company, Paducah.
1923:The Tragic Saga of the Indiana Indians
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919:Churchward, Linda; Martin, CW (2012).
476:. Washington and Knox ordered General
2252:Military history of the United States
2001:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1999:The Indian World of George Washington
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1347:
1294:
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1146:
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992:
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430:the United States gained independence
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1942:Indiana to 1816. The Colonial Period
1717:Johnson, Jeffery L. (October 2004).
885:This is not the same town as modern
2242:Indiana in the Northwest Indian War
2232:Battles of the Northwest Indian War
1543:Ostler, Jeffrey (3 February 2016).
2105:. New York: Walker & Company.
1725:. The Boon Society. Archived from
1693:Founders Online, National Archives
25:
2077:Stewart, Richard W, ed. (2009).
1190:. The Historical Marker Database
921:"Towns of Allen County, Indiana"
620:, and 30 regulars under Captain
190:
179:
145:
124:Northwestern Confederacy victory
50:
2227:1790 in the Northwest Territory
1997:Calloway, Colin Gordon (2018).
1640:Wingate, Christopher W (2013).
1110:Perry, James M. (1996). "Two".
1361:"IHB: Site of Hardin's Defeat"
633:13 miles northwest of Kekionga
436:United States Secretary of War
1:
2247:Pre-statehood history of Ohio
2168:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
1959:Carter, Harvey Lewis (1987).
1561:10.1080/14623528.2016.1120460
1549:Journal of Genocide Research
1087:Ironstrack (31 March 2014).
736:Battle of the Little Bighorn
535:General Harmar gathered 320
2145:Indiana Magazine of History
2139:Warner, Michael S. (1987).
2068:Poinsatte, Charles (1976).
2051:Ironstrack, George (2014).
1982:. Oxford University Press.
1978:Calloway, Colin G. (2015).
424:, the British had tried to
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2024:Hogeland, William (2017).
1625:Dunn, Jacob Piatt (1909).
480:to lead these forces on a
422:American Revolutionary War
221:~120-150 killed or wounded
56:A map of Harmar's campaign
2164:Winkler, John F. (2011).
2101:Schecter, Barnet (2010).
2026:Autumn of the Black Snake
1751:. Ohio Historical Society
1188:"Site of Hardin's Defeat"
757:authorization of Congress
745:Siege of Dunlap's Station
273:
215:
202:
159:
132:
60:
49:
41:
2210:14 December 2016 at the
1921:Allison, Harold (1986).
1503:10 November 2010 at the
1497:Map of "Harmar's Defeat"
954:Lossing, Benson (1868).
901:"The Battle of Kekionga"
693:streamed into the town.
511:rivers join to form the
139:Northwestern Confederacy
81:(Now within present-day
541:First American Regiment
494:Jean François Hamtramck
677:
603:
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523:, in violation of the
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350:was an attempt by the
160:Commanders and leaders
2120:Sword, Wiley (1985).
1024:, pp. 284–285, fn.21.
673:
599:
412:and Miami Indians in
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216:Casualties and losses
105:41.08861°N 85.12389°W
2190:Ohio History Central
1687:Steuben, Friedrich.
1161:, pp. 102, 106.
923:. 19 Heller's Corner
827:Fort Miami (Indiana)
371:Northwest Indian War
265:Northwest Indian War
44:Northwest Indian War
18:Harmar's Defeat
1907:, pp. 287–288.
1772:, pp. 113–115.
1729:on 28 December 2006
1627:True Indian Stories
1499:, Kentucky History
761:General Von Steuben
741:Big Bottom massacre
614:Churubusco, Indiana
501:Fort Wayne, Indiana
482:punitive expedition
363:Northwest Territory
303:Blackberry Campaign
110:41.08861; -85.12389
101: /
83:Fort Wayne, Indiana
78:Northwest Territory
2237:Battles in Indiana
907:. 19 February 2015
794:the Delaware, and
777:John Cleves Symmes
765:Alexander Hamilton
732:St. Clair's defeat
678:
666:Battle of Kekionga
601:
555:from Kentucky and
474:Vincennes, Indiana
406:
352:United States Army
313:St. Clair's defeat
2175:978-1-84908-676-9
2112:978-0-8027-1748-1
2093:978-0-16-072362-9
1749:"Harmar's Defeat"
1416:, pp. 49–50.
1338:, pp. 92–93.
1275:digital.palni.edu
983:, pp. 84–85.
887:Chillicothe, Ohio
837:Fort Wayne (city)
832:Fort Wayne (fort)
565:Great Miami River
446:George Washington
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1821:Winkler 2011
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1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1727:the original
1722:
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1697:. Retrieved
1692:
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1658:. Retrieved
1642:
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1589:Allison 1986
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
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1485:Allison 1986
1480:
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1324:Allison 1986
1319:
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1192:. Retrieved
1181:
1174:Winkler 2011
1154:
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1093:. Retrieved
1059:
1052:Stewart 2009
1017:
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925:. Retrieved
909:. Retrieved
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581:
573:
569:
557:Pennsylvania
551:) and 1,133
545:John Doughty
534:
521:Fort Detroit
513:Maumee River
498:
486:
434:
416:, along the
407:
386:
356:confederated
347:
345:
287:
283:Logan's raid
133:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
1893:Warner 1987
1869:Warner 1987
1845:Warner 1987
1809:Warner 1987
1797:Warner 1987
1755:29 December
1733:29 December
1695:(in French)
1555:(1): 1–20.
1516:Warner 1987
1473:Warner 1987
1441:Warner 1987
1426:Warner 1987
1414:Warner 1987
1336:Carter 1987
1271:"CONTENTdm"
1248:. p. 3
1209:Carter 1987
1194:11 December
784:Blue Jacket
703:close range
652:Simon Girty
610:Chillicothe
576:John Hardin
549:John Wyllys
381:village of
226:106 wounded
224:262 killed
197:John Hardin
170:Blue Jacket
108: /
2221:Categories
2155:2 December
2059:2 December
2044:2016052193
2017:2017028686
1857:Sword 1985
1833:Sword 1985
1699:16 October
1660:21 October
1655:2013038283
1456:Sword 1985
1402:Sword 1985
1390:Sword 1985
1370:19 October
1365:www.in.gov
1348:Sword 1985
1295:Sword 1985
1252:30 January
1226:Sword 1985
1159:Sword 1985
1147:Sword 1985
1121:0471119768
1095:2 December
1064:Sword 1985
993:Sword 1985
981:Sword 1985
969:Sword 1985
927:5 December
911:5 December
848:References
547:and Major
509:St. Mary's
505:St. Joseph
490:Potawatomi
466:Cincinnati
439:Henry Knox
418:Ohio River
393:Background
375:Fort Miami
354:to subdue
293:Big Bottom
941:Citations
763:wrote to
713:Aftermath
630:Eel River
448:wrote to
443:President
278:Vincennes
96:85°7′26″W
93:41°5′19″N
2208:Archived
1569:74337505
1501:Archived
842:Kekionga
821:See also
803:Analysis
796:Egushawa
585:Kickapoo
537:regulars
414:Kentucky
383:Kekionga
203:Strength
73:Location
1915:Sources
1723:Compass
1574:2 April
1280:5 April
626:Le Gris
592:Battles
553:militia
539:of the
410:Shawnee
174:Le Gris
2172:
2128:
2109:
2090:
2042:
2032:
2015:
2005:
1986:
1967:
1948:
1929:
1653:
1567:
1118:
689:, and
683:Lenape
561:cannon
472:) and
454:Wabash
150:
121:Result
2084:(PDF)
1647:(PDF)
1565:S2CID
853:Notes
687:Odawa
464:(now
379:Miami
211:1,420
208:1,050
2170:ISBN
2157:2021
2126:ISBN
2107:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2061:2021
2040:LCCN
2030:ISBN
2013:LCCN
2003:ISBN
1984:ISBN
1965:ISBN
1946:ISBN
1927:ISBN
1757:2006
1735:2006
1701:2020
1662:2020
1651:LCCN
1576:2022
1372:2016
1282:2023
1254:2024
1196:2011
1116:ISBN
1097:2021
929:2021
913:2021
743:and
691:Sauk
507:and
470:Ohio
456:and
377:and
346:The
65:Date
2151:(1)
1557:doi
2223::
2149:83
2147:.
2143:.
2038:.
2011:.
1777:^
1721:.
1703:.
1691:.
1612:26
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1596:^
1563:.
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1000:^
903:.
876:99
786:.
770:A
747:.
727:.
685:,
567:.
468:,
389:.
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2019:.
1992:.
1973:.
1954:.
1935:.
1759:.
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1578:.
1559::
1374:.
1284:.
1256:.
1198:.
1124:.
1099:.
933:)
931:.
915:.
889:.
255:e
248:t
241:v
85:)
20:)
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