581:, Canadian graduate aircrews were to form 35 RCAF squadrons after arrival in England. However, when Edwards arrived in London he discovered that Canadians were dispersed over "Hell's half acre" within the RAF. RCAF Officers in the posting departments in England had received little direction to concentrate Canadians into RCAF squadrons and were uncertain of the location of more than 6,000 Canadians posted into RAF squadrons. Edwards established a Records and Statistics Directorate to track the whereabouts of all RCAF personnel. He increased RCAF medical staff in RAF hospitals and supported the building of the plastic surgery hospital in
534:(BCATP), which involved the construction of 107 flying schools and 184 other units at 231 sites across the country. As Air Member for Personnel at RCAF Headquarters in 1940–1941, Edwards was responsible for manning the RCAF and providing the essential personnel support services including discipline, pay, medical, chaplains, senior appointments, promotions, retirements, postings and reserve forces, as well as compiling Personnel Staff Estimates and supervising Personnel Appropriations. To help meet the immediate requirement for so many qualified flying instructors, Air Marshal
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589:. Edwards established seven district headquarters, to provide a direct channel of communication for RCAF personnel in the field, on matters administered by the RCAF (pay, allowances, promotion, etc.). Similarly, with the ever-increasing number of RCAF personnel in the Mediterranean and Far East, district headquarters were opened in Cairo, Egypt and India.
502:(UER) Project to create work for destitute and unemployed people and stimulate the economy. The RCAF benefited from the UER Projects by receiving more money and personnel, new aircraft and improved air stations. During 1937 and 1938, Edwards oversaw the UER Project at RCAF Station Dartmouth, which expanded the small
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was not being implemented as agreed by the signatories to the BCATP. Moreover, the large number of
Canadians embedded in RAF squadrons obfuscated the RCAF's contribution to the air war and Canada was not being justly recognized for its contribution. Edwards met with his RAF counterparts to revitalize
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base at Baker's Point into the largest and most important air station in
Eastern Canada. He supervised the purchase of land from neighbouring farmers and the construction of new hangars and runways. Edwards' Commanding Officer reported, "In addition to his duties, Edwards has been in charge of UER
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requested
Edwards' assistance in coordinating the rescue mission. Edwards transmitted messages and coordinated No. 5 Squadron aircraft to fly rescue equipment and personnel to the mine and to transport the injured to hospitals in Halifax; enabling them to receive treatment several days earlier than
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observer on board. The patrols were flown in consort with RCMP marine vessels to thwart illegal rum running along the Nova Scotia coast. Under his direction, No. 5 Squadron initiated the first use of aircraft radios to report suspect vessels to RCAF and RCMP ground stations. He also introduced a
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Article XV, a process that became known as "Canadianization", where
Canadians would form distinct RCAF squadrons, which would fight as Canadian units under Canadian command. This plan received harsh criticism from the highest ranks of the RAF; his assertiveness made him unpopular around the
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be reduced from four to three to carry more stores and safety equipment. He also wrote a report documenting and standardizing how aerial mapping photos were taken. The
Manitoba detachment also led other RCAF detachments in forestry patrols, flying 1,020 hours on forest fire patrols,
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if transported by land. Millions in North
America and Europe heard the rescue described on the radio. It was during these broadcasts that Edwards became known as he explained the RCAF's role in the rescue; his leadership engendered interest in air power and respect for the RCAF.
574:". Edwards' wide range of experience in administration, his concern for the welfare of both officers and other ranks, and certainly his forceful personality made him the best choice to command all RCAF personnel overseas, not only in England but also in the Middle and Far East.
606:. Conflicting direction from Ottawa urging him to press for "Canadianization" but not to antagonize the Air Ministry took a toll on his health. Eighteen RCAF fighter squadrons, organized into six Canadian wings, formed the largest Commonwealth contingent in the RAF's
514:. Notwithstanding the RCAF's obsolescent aircraft and lack of experience in modern air warfare, Edwards prepared the station to play a role in the air defence of Halifax's strategic harbour, and the eventual defeat of the ubiquitous
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and placed in charge of the personnel branch where he was responsible for documenting
Canadians with First World War experience in the RAF then recruiting them into the provisional air force and setting up an air training centre at
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to facilitate the recruitment of hundreds of
American civilian flying instructors and staff pilots, and Edwards dealt with the complexities of absorbing these Americans into the RCAF while respecting politically sensitive
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in the coal mines, but also began home study following his shifts. By the age of 18 he qualified as the mine's chief electrician, and by 1915 he had educated himself to a sufficiently high level to be accepted into the
1217:. Vol. III: "The Crucible of War 1939–1945". Toronto: University of Toronto Press in cooperation with the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada.
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314:, France, where he shot down one German aircraft, but was then himself shot down and captured. After two failed attempts to escape he succeeded on the third attempt; only to be recaptured and returned to
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For his leadership in RCAF's overall contribution to the Allied victory in the Second World War, Air
Marshal Edwards received awards of distinction from the United Kingdom, the United States, France and
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Exhausted from RCAF work, Edwards' failing health forced him to return to Canada on 31 December 1943. He retired from the RCAF on 29 September 1944 and died on 23 February 1952, at the age of 59, in
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After the war, Edwards returned to Canada and joined the newly-formed
Canadian Air Force, a few months after its formation on 18 February 1920. Following a short flying refresher he was posted to
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pioneers. Edwards' Commanding Officer reported him to be, "A very capable pilot and efficient officer in every respect – keen and energetic. A good organizer and Commander".
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Following his work to develop a personnel organization for Canada's national air force, Edwards returned to flying duties in June 1924 and was appointed Officer-in-Charge of
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Project No. 153 (Dartmouth Air Station) where his sound judgement and untiring energy have been the main factor in carrying out this work under considerable difficulties".
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in RAF Bomber Command earned recognition of Canada's major role in carrying the fight to the enemy in the night skies over Nazi occupied Europe. In the same vein, six RCAF
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and transporting officials to inaccessible regions. The work of Edwards and his compatriots fostered an "air mindedness" in Canada and paved the way for Canada's
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detachments leading the other units in Canada by photographing 27,000 square metres (0.027 km) in over 180 hours of flying. Edwards demonstrated that
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Under Edwards' command, RCAF Station Dartmouth and No. 5 Squadron were the only RCAF units in Canada declared combat ready at the outbreak of the
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The BCATP was able to provide over 131,000 aircrew to Commonwealth air forces who were critical in replacing the acute loss of pilots during the
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In January 1942, in the midst of the Second World War, Edwards was transferred to London, England as the "Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief
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on 29 February 1952. On 15 June 2012, sixty years after his death, Air Marshal Edwards was reinterred beside his comrades-in-arms in the
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Canadian War Museum Paper No. 2, Canadian War Museum, National Museum of Man, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, August 1972, p. 134
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562:. The BCATP enabled the Commonwealth nations to man their air forces in Europe, North Africa and the Middle and Far East.
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Greenhous, Brereton; Harris, Stephen J.; Johnston, William C.; Rawling, William G.P. (1994). "Chapters 2 & 3".
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where he was responsible for all RCAF personnel. In June 2012, Edwards was posthumously inducted into
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Cable, Ernest, Col (Ret'd) (2013). "Air Marshal Edwards – "Building a National Air Force"".
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and saved a time and labour. Edwards also recommended that crew size of the
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for his "outstanding leadership in building Canada's national air force".
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16 December 1919 – Mentioned for valuable services whilst in captivity (
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and the loss of more than 55,000 aircrew in the bomber offensive over
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19 January 1920 – Order of St. Stanislaus w/sword and bow (Russia)
277:, England on 24 December 1892; he immigrated with his family to
247:(RCAF). From November 1941 to December 1943, Edwards served as
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tactical grid system to disguise geographic positions to foil
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383:. On 1 April 1924, Canada's national air force was accorded
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in the RAF and volunteered to fly in the fight against the
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948:. Vol. II. University of Toronto Press. p. 633.
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23 March 1920 – Order of St. Anne w/sword and bow (Russia)
1089:"Memorable Manitobans: Harold 'Gus' Edwards (1892–1952)"
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and anti-shipping squadrons provided yeoman service in
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Royal Canadian Air Force air marshals of World War II
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239:(24 December 1892 – 23 February 1952) was a Canadian
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Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
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The Official History of the Royal Canadian Air Force
1198:. Renfrew, Ontario: General Store Publishing House.
1179:. Renfrew, Ontario: General Store Publishing House.
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officer who played a prominent role in building the
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783:. General Store Publishing House, 2007, pp. 7–14
725:For Victory – Star, First Class (Czechoslovakia)
1244:45 AM Edwards Royal Canadian Air Cadet Squadron
1315:Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief from July 1943
1017:Greenhous, Harris, Johnson, Rawling, pp. 54–68
310:, Edwards was posted to No. 3 (Naval) Wing at
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1166:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
797:. University of Toronto Press. p. 275.
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999:Greenhous, Harris, Johnston, Rawling, p. 14
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1259:Canada's 25 Most Renowned Military Leaders
211:Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion
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944:Douglas, William Alexander Binny (1986).
442:In 1934, Edwards was selected to command
350:. For service in Russia, he received the
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1383:Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
981:, University of Toronto Press 1994, p.51
795:Canadian Airmen and the First World War
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738:3 February 1916 – Flight Sub Lieutenant
688:15 March 1920 – Mentioned in Despatches
1433:Burials at Beechwood Cemetery (Ottawa)
1254:BCAPT – Commonwealth Air Training Plan
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657:His son Billy Edwards was profiled in
532:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan
977:Greenhous, Harris, Johnson, Rawling,
654:, located within Beechwood Cemetery.
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1177:Gus: From Trapper Boy to Air Marshal
946:The Creation of a National Air Force
781:Gus: From Trapper Boy To Air Marshal
610:. Similarly, 15 bomber squadrons in
326:. In 1919, Edwards held the rank of
1408:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna
1403:Companions of the Order of the Bath
1087:Kramer, Nathan (25 February 2016).
1037:"World's Fourth Largest Air Force?"
744:29 September 1926 – Squadron Leader
714:12 September 1947 – Officier de la
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741:1 October 1917 – Flight Lieutenant
387:and officially established as the
177:Companion of the Order of the Bath
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1413:Commanders of the Legion of Merit
1363:Royal Canadian Air Force officers
1423:Officers of the Legion of Honour
1368:Royal Naval Air Service aviators
1128:, "The informal Billy Edwards".
759:5 August 1941 – Air Vice Marshal
196:Commander of the Legion of Merit
1196:The Adventures of a Trapper Boy
201:Officer of the Legion of Honour
1319:November 1941 – December 1943
1289:February 1940 – November 1941
1239:Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame
398:, a flying boat detachment of
346:under the leadership of Major
259:Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame
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979:The Crucible of War 1939–1945
747:1 April 1936 – Wing Commander
472:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1194:Edwards, Suzanne K. (2011).
1175:Edwards, Suzanne K. (2007).
750:1 April 1939 – Group Captain
700:13 August 1946 – Commander,
694:1 January 1943 – Companion,
1358:English emigrants to Canada
1093:Manitoba Historical Society
294:in 1916 and graduated as a
269:Harold Edwards was born in
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1249:Shearwater Aviation Museum
1044:Canadian Air Force Journal
762:20 June 1942 – Air Marshal
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652:National Military Cemetery
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352:Order of Saint Stanislaus
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540:Clayton Knight Committee
526:Air Member for Personnel
414:was equally accurate to
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245:Royal Canadian Air Force
125:Royal Canadian Air Force
723:Order of the White Lion
538:turned to the American
360:Mentioned in Despatches
288:Royal Naval Air Service
186:Order of St. Stanislaus
181:Mentioned in Despatches
520:Battle of the Atlantic
484:1936 coal mine tragedy
444:RCAF Station Dartmouth
402:on the south shore of
1309:Air Officer-in-Chief
779:Edwards, Suzanne K.,
482:After the disastrous
400:RCAF Station Winnipeg
381:Department of Defence
342:. He was assigned to
296:flight sub-lieutenant
290:. Edwards earned his
131:Years of service
66:, Lancashire, England
707:12 September 1947 –
622:. By the end of the
545:diplomatic protocols
1353:People from Chorley
793:Wise, S.F. (1980).
711:avec palme (France)
644:Scottsdale, Arizona
620:RAF Coastal Command
577:According to BCATP
547:to avoid violating
500:Unemployment Relief
252:Commanding-in-Chief
81:Scottsdale, Arizona
1131:The Globe and Mail
990:Edwards Chapter 10
826:Edwards, pp. 38–39
753:1 February 1940 –
648:Beechwood Cemetery
492:provincial premier
448:12 Wing Shearwater
412:aerial photography
336:Russian Revolution
324:Royal Flying Corps
93:Beechwood Cemetery
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556:Battle of Britain
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348:Raymond Collishaw
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1281:W R Kenny
279:Glace Bay
241:Air Force
134:1915–1944
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1098:22 March
1054:22 March
718:(France)
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468:Rimouski
408:Manitoba
354:and the
255:Overseas
208:(France)
203:(France)
193:(Russia)
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149:Commands
111:Service/
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88:Buried
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460:Gaspé
446:(now
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1156:(1).
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