278:(their very small movements across the sky relative to distant stars). The velocities of stars along the line-of-sight were measured from their spectra. The staff members measured brightnesses of 40000 stars from their images on photographs. They also determined the distances of stars from their parallaxes – the very small apparent annual motions as the Earth orbited the Sun. Many of these results were published as star catalogues.
1490:
1502:
441:
I am of the opinion that generations will pass before man ever lands on the moon and that, should he eventually succeed in doing so, there would be little hope of his succeeding in returning to the Earth and telling us of his experiences. Beyond the moon he is never likely to go unless, through an
273:
During his nine years at the observatory, Spencer Jones set about renewing its administration and scientific work. He made efforts to improve working conditions and morale at the observatory. He led efforts by the staff to measure the properties of large numbers of stars from photographic plates
344:
in Sussex, and the new site was purchased. Spencer Jones moved from
Greenwich to Herstmonceux in 1948, but the removal of the whole institution was not completed for another ten years, because of the need to erect new buildings and a lack of funding following the war. The institution at its new
328:
Spencer Jones found time for his own scientific research. He analysed and published the Eros observations made in South Africa. He contributed significantly to precise measurements of the rotation of the Earth and of the motions of the planets.
421:, who on taking up the position in 1956 responded to a question from the press and was misquoted as saying "Space travel is utter bilge". Similarly, it is often stated that Spencer Jones himself had a strong disbelief in the practicalities of
213:
Spencer Jones's astronomical work extended over a range of subjects. He specialised in positional astronomy, particularly the motion and orientation of the Earth in space. He also studied the motions of stars. He travelled to
1268:
Snedegar, Keith (2007), "Spencer Jones, Harold", in Hockey, Thomas; Trimble, Virginia; Williams, Thomas R.; Bracher, Katherine; Jarrell, Richard A.; Marche, Jordan D.; Ragep, F. Jamil; Palmeri, JoAnn; Bolt, Marvin (eds.),
1587:
325:. He obtained government agreement to move the observatory from its historic site in Greenwich, which was by then significantly affected by the light and pollution of London, to a darker location away from the city.
320:
Spencer Jones took up the administrative challenges, including recruiting new staff and installing new instruments. He upgraded the time service provided by the observatory. He took on overall responsibility for the
332:
The Second World War disrupted the activities of the observatory. A number of staff members left temporarily to engage in war work. Spencer Jones and his support staff moved from London to the comparative safety of
1173:
378:
404:
Spencer Jones retired as
Astronomer Royal at the end of 1955. He continued to contribute actively to a number of scientific bodies. He died on 3 November 1960 aged 70. His cause of death was cardiac arrest.
1562:
1567:
749:
1607:
293:
during its close approach in 1930–1931 for the same purpose. These Eros observations later gave the best measurement of the distance of the Sun then available. He was later awarded the
231:
He resumed his astronomical work after the war, including studying the positions of stars, the rotation of the Earth, and the brightnesses of stars. During this period he wrote his textbook
1617:
340:
Active scientific activity resumed in
Greenwich after the end of the war with the return of staff and some equipment. However, government agreement was reached to move the observatory to
388:. In 1951, the Institute's highest award, the Gold Medal was named in his honour and continues to be awarded by the Institute to those who make outstanding contributions to navigation.
429:
launch in
October 1957. Despite recent suggestions that he did not actually make such a statement, the quote was referenced in 1959 (during his lifetime) in the 17 September issue of
1612:
1582:
396:
Sir Harold
Spencer Jones had two sons, John (whose early career was spent as a jet pilot with the Royal Air Force) and David, with his wife Lady Gladys Mary Owens Spencer Jones.
606:
1291:
720:
689:
1557:
898:
174:, London, on 29 March 1890. His father, Henry Charles Jones, was an accountant and his mother, Sarah Ryland, had earlier worked as a school teacher. He was educated at
1572:
433:
magazine (page 476). The sentiment of the quote is consistent with
Spencer Jones' own 1957 editorial in the same magazine (10 October 1957), twelve years before the
1074:
804:
1132:
1103:
345:
location in Sussex assumed the name Royal
Greenwich Observatory. Spencer Jones led major construction projects to accommodate instruments moved from Greenwich.
457:
294:
1537:
1369:
1547:
1270:
274:
exposed on the observatory's telescopes. This work included measuring the positions of stars that had been studied years earlier to determine their
281:
Spencer Jones's own research concentrated on the motions of the Earth and the Moon. He refined knowledge of the Moon's orbit using observations of
1258:
285:. He obtained improved measurements of the distance of the Sun from the Earth using observations of the position of Mars in the sky through its
225:
His activities at the observatory were disrupted by the war, when he worked temporarily for the
Ministry of Munitions, particularly on optics.
1552:
1338:
1280:
1056:
565:
267:
263:
127:
473:
1336:
Online catalogue of
Spencer Jones' working papers (part of the Royal Greenwich Observatory Archives held at Cambridge University Library)
247:
821:
1602:
1473:
493:
363:
239:
219:
1577:
1362:
1597:
813:
521:
507:
203:
1431:
486:
385:
356:
251:
186:. He graduated there in 1911, and was awarded a postgraduate studentship. He subsequently became a Fellow of the college.
1592:
1449:
597:
514:
418:
195:
124:
827:
650:
GRO Register of Births: JUN 1890 1a 111 KENSINGTON - Harold
Spencer Jones (forenames = Harold Spencer, surname = Jones)
145:
142:
34:
31:
1542:
1493:
1355:
367:
322:
207:
151:
148:
40:
37:
942:
777:
183:
89:
1198:
1312:
535:
349:
348:
Spencer Jones played a leading role in plans to build a large telescope at Herstmonceux. These led to the
894:"Total Eclipse of the Sun, 1914 August 21, Preliminary Account of the Observations Made at Minsk, Russia"
1335:
1532:
1527:
1461:
1300:
1141:
1112:
1083:
976:
946:
907:
864:
786:
758:
729:
698:
615:
442:
error in launching, his space vehicle misses its target and wanders off into space, never to return.
175:
81:
1425:
370:
from 1937 to 1939, and at other times as the society's secretary, treasurer and foreign secretary.
341:
1501:
250:, intending to verify the deflection of the light of stars by the Sun that had been seen during a
1437:
633:
553:
469:
355:
One of his long-standing interests was time keeping and horology. He served as president of the
1467:
1276:
1052:
817:
1159:
1505:
1378:
915:
872:
623:
414:
314:
243:
199:
159:
99:
317:, and consequently returned to Britain to take charge of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.
1413:
1407:
1342:
374:
310:
1304:
1145:
1116:
1087:
980:
950:
911:
868:
790:
762:
733:
702:
619:
1389:
936:
964:
1521:
1401:
1395:
1223:
430:
275:
158:. He became renowned as an authority on positional astronomy and served as the tenth
422:
266:, Sydney Hough, died in 1923, and Spencer Jones was appointed Hough's successor as
222:, departing during peacetime but returning after the start of the First World War.
1046:
1455:
806:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
479:
463:
298:
282:
270:. Spencer Jones and his wife sailed to South Africa, arriving in December 1923.
179:
85:
1254:
171:
155:
920:
893:
425:, and that he famously said "space travel is bunk" only two weeks before the
1419:
1048:
Facts and Fallacies: A Book of Definitive Mistakes and Misguided Predictions
877:
852:
434:
426:
628:
601:
550:
290:
286:
162:
for 23 years. Although born "Jones", his surname became "Spencer Jones".
1001:
718:
Smart, W. M. (June 1961). "Sir Harold Spencer Jones, 1890–1960".
334:
637:
1347:
190:
Chief Assistant at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, 1913–1923
258:
His Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape of Good Hope, 1923–1933
215:
1023:
775:
Jackson, J. (February 1956). "Sir Harold Spencer Jones, K.B.E.".
545:
539:
206:
at Cambridge. In December 1913 Spencer Jones was elected to the
1351:
289:, and carried out a series of observations of the minor planet
1588:
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
1315:. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University
384:
In 1947, Spencer Jones was elected the first President of the
257:
750:
Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa
1289:
Sadler, Donald (1963). "Obituary, Harold Spencer Jones".
853:"Society Business: Candidates proposed; Fellows elected"
1275:, vol. 2, New York: Springer, pp. 1075–1076,
182:, West London, from where he obtained a scholarship to
154:(29 March 1890 – 3 November 1960) was an English
1563:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
687:
Sadler, D. (1963). "Obituary, Harold Spencer Jones".
1568:
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
607:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1292:
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
721:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
690:
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
120:
112:
95:
77:
65:
46:
23:
1608:Presidents of the International Astronomical Union
513:elected International Member of the United States
899:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
857:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
564:In 1944 Spencer Jones was invited to deliver the
366:from 1945 to 1948. He served as president of the
268:His Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape of Good Hope
228:In 1918 Spencer Jones married Gladys Mary Owers.
1618:Masters of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers
198:, filling a vacancy created by the departure of
194:In 1913 he was appointed Chief Assistant at the
1075:Society for the History of Astronomy Newsletter
969:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
1613:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1363:
1133:Society for the History of Astronomy Bulletin
1104:Society for the History of Astronomy Bulletin
682:
680:
678:
676:
520:elected International Honorary Member of the
8:
1583:Presidents of the Royal Astronomical Society
713:
711:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
458:Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
295:Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
1370:
1356:
1348:
264:Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope
238:On 30 March 1921 Spencer Jones joined the
128:Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope
20:
1558:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
919:
876:
627:
437:landing on the Moon, in which he stated:
1272:Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
1072:Davenhall, C. (2008). "Bunk and Bilge".
476:, the French astronomical society (1945)
1573:People educated at Latymer Upper School
1260:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1228:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1045:Morgan, Chris; Langford, David (1981).
580:
218:in Eastern Europe in 1914 to observe a
1130:Griffin, R. (2009). "Bunk and Bilge".
892:Jones, H. S.; Davidson, C. R. (1915).
747:"Obituary, Sir Harold Spencer Jones".
1002:"Presidents and Directors of the RIN"
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
352:which was eventually opened in 1967.
7:
1101:Jones, R. (2009). "Bunk and Bilge".
506:elected International Member of the
301:of the Royal Society for this work.
566:Royal Institution Christmas Lecture
254:, but cloud defeated the attempts.
1538:Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
14:
1263:, Oxford: Oxford University Press
757:(11): 146–149. 30 November 1960.
602:"Harold Spencer Jones, 1890–1960"
494:Astronomical Society of Edinburgh
305:Astronomer Royal, 1933–1955
170:Harold Spencer Jones was born in
1548:20th-century British astronomers
1500:
1489:
1488:
364:International Astronomical Union
359:from 1939 to his death in 1960.
309:In 1933 Spencer Jones succeeded
262:The astronomer in charge of the
240:British Astronomical Association
1026:. Royal Institute of Navigation
1004:. Royal Institute of Navigation
965:"1921JBAA...31..246. Page 246"
814:The Royal Society of Edinburgh
522:American Philosophical Society
508:American Philosophical Society
474:Société astronomique de France
204:Plumian Professor of Astronomy
1:
1253:Sadler, Donald Harry (2004),
487:British Horological Institute
413:Spencer Jones's successor as
386:Royal Institute of Navigation
357:British Horological Institute
1553:Fellows of the Royal Society
1450:Richard van der Riet Woolley
515:National Academy of Sciences
196:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
125:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
1255:"Jones, Sir Harold Spencer"
570:Astronomy in our Daily Life
472:, the highest award of the
409:Opinions about space travel
246:in an attempt to observe a
1634:
1494:Category:Astronomers Royal
368:Royal Astronomical Society
242:. In 1922 he travelled to
208:Royal Astronomical Society
1483:
1385:
400:Retirement and later life
133:
105:
30:
1603:People from Herstmonceux
1311:Tenn, Joseph S. (2013).
941:(1st ed.). London:
863:(2): 61. December 1913.
377:in 1943 and awarded the
362:He was president of the
184:Jesus College, Cambridge
140:Sir Harold Spencer Jones
90:Jesus College, Cambridge
323:Nautical Almanac Office
1578:People from Kensington
1313:"Harold Spencer Jones"
1224:"Harold Spencer Jones"
1051:. St. Martin's Press.
921:10.1093/mnras/75.3.125
629:10.1098/rsbm.1961.0011
444:
350:Isaac Newton Telescope
1598:People from Greenwich
935:Jones, H. S. (1922).
878:10.1093/mnras/74.2.61
492:Lorimer Medal of the
439:
283:occultations of stars
1462:Francis Graham-Smith
1444:Harold Spencer Jones
1178:search.amphilsoc.org
1174:"APS Member History"
598:Woolley, R. V. D. R.
544:The crater Jones on
176:Latymer Upper School
82:Latymer Upper School
1593:Royal Medal winners
1426:George Biddell Airy
1305:1963QJRAS...4..113.
1146:2009SHAN...19...46G
1117:2009SHAN...18...36J
1088:2008SHAN...17R..43D
981:1921JBAA...31..246.
951:1922geas.book.....S
912:1915MNRAS..75..125S
869:1913MNRAS..74...61.
791:1956Obs....76...15J
763:1960MNSSA..19..146.
734:1961JRASC..55..117S
703:1963QJRAS...4..113.
620:1961JRASC..55..117S
342:Herstmonceux Castle
248:total solar eclipse
220:total solar eclipse
1438:Frank Watson Dyson
1341:8 May 2023 at the
833:on 24 January 2013
554:3282 Spencer Jones
485:Gold medal of the
470:Prix Jules Janssen
447:Honours and awards
16:English astronomer
1543:Astronomers Royal
1515:
1514:
1468:Arnold Wolfendale
1379:Astronomers Royal
1282:978-0-387-35133-9
1230:. 9 February 2023
1203:www.nasonline.org
1199:"Harold S. Jones"
1058:978-0-906671-25-2
938:General Astronomy
233:General Astronomy
137:
136:
107:Scientific career
1625:
1506:Portal:Astronomy
1504:
1492:
1491:
1432:William Christie
1372:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1307:
1285:
1264:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
961:
955:
954:
932:
926:
925:
923:
889:
883:
882:
880:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
832:
826:. Archived from
811:
801:
795:
794:
772:
766:
765:
744:
738:
737:
715:
706:
705:
684:
651:
648:
642:
641:
631:
594:
415:Astronomer Royal
315:Astronomer Royal
244:Christmas Island
200:Arthur Eddington
160:Astronomer Royal
100:Astronomer Royal
72:
56:
54:
25:Sir Harold Jones
21:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1479:
1414:Nevil Maskelyne
1408:Nathaniel Bliss
1381:
1376:
1343:Wayback Machine
1332:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1288:
1283:
1267:
1252:
1248:
1246:Further reading
1243:
1233:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1160:"Lorimer Medal"
1158:
1157:
1153:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
963:
962:
958:
934:
933:
929:
891:
890:
886:
851:
850:
846:
836:
834:
830:
824:
809:
803:
802:
798:
778:The Observatory
774:
773:
769:
746:
745:
741:
717:
716:
709:
686:
685:
654:
649:
645:
596:
595:
582:
578:
562:
531:
529:Named after him
503:
454:
449:
419:Richard Woolley
411:
402:
394:
311:Sir Frank Dyson
307:
260:
192:
168:
88:
78:Alma mater
70:
69:3 November 1960
61:
60:London, England
58:
52:
50:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1631:
1629:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1497:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1390:John Flamsteed
1386:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1331:
1330:External links
1328:
1326:
1325:
1308:
1299:(1): 113–125.
1286:
1281:
1265:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1215:
1190:
1165:
1151:
1122:
1093:
1064:
1057:
1037:
1015:
993:
956:
927:
906:(3): 125–134.
884:
844:
823:0-902-198-84-X
822:
796:
767:
739:
707:
697:(1): 113–125.
652:
643:
579:
577:
574:
561:
558:
557:
556:
548:
542:
530:
527:
526:
525:
518:
511:
502:
499:
498:
497:
490:
483:
477:
467:
461:
453:
450:
448:
445:
410:
407:
401:
398:
393:
390:
306:
303:
276:proper motions
259:
256:
191:
188:
167:
164:
135:
134:
131:
130:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
103:
102:
97:
96:Known for
93:
92:
79:
75:
74:
73:(aged 70)
67:
63:
62:
59:
48:
44:
43:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1630:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1402:James Bradley
1400:
1397:
1396:Edmond Halley
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1038:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1003:
997:
994:
982:
978:
975:: 246. 1921.
974:
970:
966:
960:
957:
952:
948:
944:
943:Edward Arnold
940:
939:
931:
928:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:
895:
888:
885:
879:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
848:
845:
829:
825:
819:
816:. July 2006.
815:
808:
807:
800:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
779:
771:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:
743:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
653:
647:
644:
639:
635:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
608:
603:
599:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
581:
575:
573:
571:
567:
559:
555:
552:
549:
547:
543:
541:
537:
536:Spencer Jones
533:
532:
528:
523:
519:
516:
512:
509:
505:
504:
500:
495:
491:
488:
484:
481:
478:
475:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
455:
451:
446:
443:
438:
436:
432:
431:New Scientist
428:
424:
420:
416:
408:
406:
399:
397:
392:Personal life
391:
389:
387:
382:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
360:
358:
353:
351:
346:
343:
338:
336:
330:
326:
324:
318:
316:
312:
304:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
271:
269:
265:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
229:
226:
223:
221:
217:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
189:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
165:
163:
161:
157:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
132:
129:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
68:
64:
57:29 March 1890
49:
45:
42:
39:
36:
33:
29:
22:
19:
1499:
1487:
1443:
1317:. Retrieved
1296:
1290:
1271:
1259:
1232:. Retrieved
1227:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1177:
1168:
1154:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1047:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
996:
972:
968:
959:
937:
930:
903:
897:
887:
860:
856:
847:
835:. Retrieved
828:the original
805:
799:
782:
776:
770:
754:
748:
742:
725:
719:
694:
688:
646:
611:
605:
569:
563:
440:
423:space flight
412:
403:
395:
383:
372:
361:
354:
347:
339:
331:
327:
319:
308:
280:
272:
261:
252:1919 eclipse
237:
232:
230:
227:
224:
212:
193:
169:
139:
138:
121:Institutions
106:
71:(1960-11-03)
18:
1533:1960 deaths
1528:1890 births
1474:Martin Rees
1456:Martin Ryle
1319:28 February
1008:22 November
614:: 136–145.
534:The crater
480:Bruce Medal
464:Royal Medal
299:Royal Medal
180:Hammersmith
86:Hammersmith
1522:Categories
984:Retrieved
837:1 February
728:(3): 117.
576:References
337:, Surrey.
202:to become
172:Kensington
166:Early life
156:astronomer
53:1890-03-29
1420:John Pond
1082:: 43–44.
785:: 15–16.
435:Apollo 11
427:Sputnik 1
381:in 1955.
116:Astronomy
1339:Archived
1234:17 April
1208:17 April
1183:17 April
1024:"Awards"
600:(1961).
560:Lectures
551:Asteroid
375:knighted
297:and the
291:433 Eros
287:parallax
1301:Bibcode
1142:Bibcode
1113:Bibcode
1084:Bibcode
986:12 June
977:Bibcode
947:Bibcode
908:Bibcode
865:Bibcode
787:Bibcode
759:Bibcode
730:Bibcode
699:Bibcode
616:Bibcode
538:on the
496:(1953)
373:He was
335:Abinger
1476:(1995)
1470:(1991)
1464:(1982)
1458:(1972)
1452:(1956)
1446:(1933)
1440:(1910)
1434:(1881)
1428:(1835)
1422:(1811)
1416:(1765)
1410:(1762)
1404:(1742)
1398:(1720)
1392:(1675)
1279:
1140:: 47.
1111:: 36.
1055:
1030:12 May
820:
638:769402
636:
524:(1945)
517:(1943)
510:(1942)
501:Honors
489:(1946)
482:(1949)
466:(1943)
460:(1943)
452:Awards
113:Fields
861:LXXIV
831:(PDF)
810:(PDF)
634:JSTOR
216:Minsk
178:, in
1321:2014
1277:ISBN
1236:2023
1210:2023
1185:2023
1053:ISBN
1032:2022
1010:2021
988:2021
839:2017
818:ISBN
546:Mars
540:Moon
417:was
152:PRAS
149:FRSE
66:Died
47:Born
41:PRAS
38:FRSE
916:doi
873:doi
624:doi
568:on
379:KBE
313:as
146:FRS
143:KBE
35:FRS
32:KBE
1524::
1295:.
1257:,
1226:.
1201:.
1176:.
1138:19
1136:.
1109:18
1107:.
1080:17
1078:.
973:31
971:.
967:.
945:.
914:.
904:75
902:.
896:.
871:.
859:.
855:.
812:.
783:76
781:.
755:19
753:.
726:55
724:.
710:^
693:.
655:^
632:.
622:.
610:.
604:.
583:^
572:.
235:.
210:.
84:,
1371:e
1364:t
1357:v
1323:.
1303::
1297:4
1238:.
1212:.
1187:.
1162:.
1148:.
1144::
1119:.
1115::
1090:.
1086::
1061:.
1034:.
1012:.
990:.
979::
953:.
949::
924:.
918::
910::
881:.
875::
867::
841:.
793:.
789::
761::
736:.
732::
701::
695:4
640:.
626::
618::
612:7
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.