798:). The story of this otherwise unknown Poppo or Poppa's miracle and baptism of Harald is also depicted on the gilded altar piece in the Church of Tamdrup in Denmark (see image at top of this article). The altar itself dates to about 1200. Adam of Bremen's claim regarding Otto I and Harald appears to have been inspired by an attempt to manufacture a historical reason for the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen to claim jurisdiction over Denmark (and thus the rest of Scandinavia); in the 1070s, the Danish king was in Rome asking for Denmark to have its own arch-bishop, and Adam's account of Harald's supposed conversion (and baptism of both him and his "little son"
42:
2107:
303:
809:, had died in 958, and had been buried in a mound with many goods, after the pagan practice. The mound itself was from c. 500 BCE, but Harald had it built higher over his father's grave, and added a second mound to the south. Mound-building was a newly revived custom in the 10th century, perceivably as an "appeal to old traditions in the face of Christian customs spreading from Denmark's southern neighbors, the Germans".
813:
930:
505:
824:
After his conversion, around the 960s, Harald had his father's body reburied in the church next to the now empty mound. He had the
Jelling stones erected to honour his parents. The biography of Harald Bluetooth is summed up by this runic inscription from the Jelling stones:
742:(ruled 962–973), claims that Harald was converted by a "cleric by the name of Poppa" who, when asked by Harald to prove his faith in Christ, carried a "great weight" of iron heated by a fire without being burned. According to 12th-century Danish historian
802:, with Otto serving as Sweyn's godfather) is followed by the unambiguous claim that "At that time Denmark on this side of the sea, which is called Jutland by the inhabitants, was divided into three dioceses and subjected to the bishopric of Hamburg."
937:
The
Bluetooth wireless specification design was named after the king in 1997, based on an analogy that the technology would unite devices the way Harald Bluetooth united the tribes of Denmark into a single kingdom. The Bluetooth logo consists of a
654:
soldiers and troops loyal to Harald, but soon after, Harald was killed fighting off a rebellion led by his son Sweyn. He is believed to have died in 986, although several accounts claim 985 as his year of death. According to
560:. All five fortresses had similar designs: "perfectly circular with gates opening to the four corners of the earth, and a courtyard divided into four areas which held large houses set in a square pattern." A sixth
1314:
516:) which was situated in a central position in his kingdom in the year 979. Some believe these projects were a way for him to consolidate economic and military control of his country and the main city.
1376:
643:
counter-attacked Harald in 974, conquering
Haithabu, Dannevirke and possibly large parts of Jutland. Harald regained some of the seized territory in 983 when Otto II was defeated by the Saracens.
1809:
3303:
650:
in 974, he no longer had control of Norway, and
Germans settled back into the border area between Scandinavia and Germany. They were driven out of Denmark in 983 by an alliance of
829:
King Harald bade these memorials to be made after Gorm, his father, and Thyra, his mother. The Harald who won the whole of
Denmark and Norway and turned the Danes to Christianity.
1336:
512:
During his reign, Harald oversaw the reconstruction of the
Jelling runic stones, and numerous other public works. The most famous is fortifying the fortress of Aros (nowadays
759:
Adam of Bremen, writing 100 years after King Harald's death in "History of the
Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen", finished in 1076, describes Harald being forcibly converted by
1018:
756:
after Sweyn had second thoughts about his own baptism. Harald himself converted to
Catholicism after a peace agreement with the Holy Roman Emperor (either Otto I or II).
1296:
1832:
1433:
1278:
1087:
794:, who had supposedly conquered Denmark (the fact that Eric conquered Denmark during the realm of Sweyn Forkbeard is explained by Saxo as a punishment of Sweyn's
2019:
765:
2655:
1368:
1801:
682:". Based on this, Swedish archaeologist Sven Rosborn has proposed that Harald is buried at the church there, close to Jomsborg, in what is now Poland.
568:, in Scania, has been dated to about 1000 and may have been built by King Harald and a second fort named Trelleborg is located near the modern town of
3288:
1581:
2862:
1779:
965:, a 10th-century Danish Viking in Normandy, mentioned as a Danish king, who became conflated with Harald Bluetooth in a later historical account.
477:
3293:
3283:
885:. Born about 960. Usually given as the son of Harald and Gunhild, though it is said in some of the older sagas that he was an illegitimate son.
383:
1638:
1540:
1515:
1461:
1308:
1233:
1937:
1401:
1115:
1415:
1689:
1611:
1563:
833:
Harald undoubtedly professed
Christianity at that time and contributed to its growth, but with limited success in Denmark and Norway.
2012:
1742:
1346:
1194:
1181:
1152:
2675:
1893:
3278:
2648:
575:
He constructed the oldest known bridge in southern
Scandinavia, the 5-metre (16 ft) wide and 760-metre (2,490 ft) long
1010:
3132:
1714:
724:
2257:
3313:
1748:
1467:
1168:
3323:
1840:
630:
2377:
2005:
1877:
1271:
3298:
2641:
1428:
1247:
784:
613:, the second time by giving up himself as hostage, along with yet another fleet. When Styrbjörn brought this fleet to
271:
911:
856:
617:
to claim the throne of Sweden, Harald broke his oath and fled with his Danes to avoid facing the Swedish army at the
582:
While quiet prevailed throughout the interior, he turned his energies to foreign enterprises. He came to the help of
1666:
Anders Winroth, Viking Sources in Translation, in text drawing on a caption by Anders Winroth in Barbara Rosenwein,
3308:
2664:
2621:
2600:
760:
739:
290:
of Norway was more tenuous, most likely lasting for no more than a few years in the 970s. Some sources say his son
3268:
3119:
2784:
2559:
2526:
2253:
694:
674:) is inscribed with "ARALD CVRMSVN" (Harald Gormson), calling him, in abbreviated Latin, "king of Danes, Scania,
459:
212:
3247:
3241:
3099:
3081:
3056:
3041:
2821:
2614:
2607:
2532:
2512:
2477:
2456:
2238:
618:
790:
A cleric named Poppa, perhaps the same one, also appears in Adam of Bremen's history, but in connection with
3318:
3235:
3086:
3071:
3066:
3051:
3046:
3003:
2748:
2554:
2519:
2498:
2491:
2470:
2463:
2442:
2262:
2054:
2028:
876:
602:
407:
3076:
3061:
3036:
2993:
2981:
2564:
2543:
2505:
2484:
2449:
2428:
2393:
2272:
2219:
2186:
1410:
395:
1585:
3328:
2998:
2971:
2435:
2331:
2233:
2209:
1910:
1070:
848:
679:
601:
present Harald in a rather negative light. He was forced twice to submit to the renegade Swedish prince
572:
in Scania in present-day Sweden, but is of older date and thus pre-dates the reign of Harald Bluetooth.
521:
430:
162:
2036:
1771:
182:
1933:
1109:
Mortuo patre, quinquaginta annos regnavit. Hic Christianus extitit cognomine Blatan sive Clac Harald.
41:
3273:
2883:
2856:
2214:
2201:
2171:
2079:
583:
378:, rediscovered in 2014 (but part of a Viking hoard previously discovered in 1841 in the crypt of the
2831:
2826:
2801:
2205:
2196:
2161:
791:
686:
591:
517:
358:
287:
56:
3016:
1453:
King Harold's Cross Coinage: Christian Coins for the Merchants of Haithabu and the King's Soldiers
663:
from his wounds. His body was brought back to the Trinity Church in Roskilde where he was buried.
2937:
2873:
2811:
2806:
2408:
2346:
2302:
2248:
2228:
2223:
2191:
2146:
1871:
1239:
763:, after a defeat in battle. However, Widukind does not mention such an event in his contemporary
728:
705:
698:
232:
91:
2286:
2106:
3162:
2976:
2917:
2889:
2841:
2760:
2730:
2362:
2243:
2181:
2176:
1738:
1634:
1536:
1511:
1457:
1398:
1304:
1229:
1177:
1148:
1112:
1045:
862:
780:
594:
of Norway, managed to force the people of that country into temporary subjugation to himself.
341:
167:
129:
3157:
2906:
2895:
2878:
2754:
2718:
2115:
1980:
1681:
1608:
1560:
743:
587:
470:
is that Harald must have had a conspicuous bad tooth that appeared "blue" (i.e. "black", as
302:
109:
2927:
2851:
2816:
2796:
2791:
2772:
2742:
2736:
2713:
2703:
2131:
2073:
1970:
1960:
1897:
1718:
1615:
1567:
1437:
1405:
1282:
1172:
1147:
Scocozza, Benito (1997), Politikens bog om danske monarker, København: Politikens Forlag,
1119:
939:
882:
872:
799:
753:
610:
291:
267:
240:
119:
84:
532:
in eastern Zealand (the inner construction of this fort is still yet to be established),
412:
2778:
1987:
1891:
817:
732:
656:
576:
481:
283:
812:
3262:
2987:
2708:
1919:
748:
337:
325:
1711:
1369:"Har svensk arkæolog bevist, at Harald Blåtand blev begravet med kæmpeskat i Polen?"
442:
appears to be a conflation of Harald Bluetooth with the legendary or semi-legendary
3152:
2951:
2836:
2574:
2060:
1953:
899:
806:
775:
472:
375:
306:
259:
192:
74:
17:
929:
712:
in the Baltic Sea. It is believed that these objects belonged to Harald's family.
1732:
1451:
1165:
2569:
1802:"'So, that's why it's called Bluetooth!' and other surprising tech name origins"
1341:
685:
From 1835 to 1977, it was wrongly believed that Harald ordered the death of the
606:
533:
443:
504:
3205:
3167:
2579:
2166:
2091:
1040:
598:
569:
553:
545:
1915:
2932:
2912:
2900:
2868:
2846:
1496:(Hanover, 1935), pp. 140–141. Translated from Latin by Anders Winroth, 2006.
942:
924:
903:
709:
667:
647:
529:
520:
were built in five strategic locations with Aarhus perfectly in the middle:
329:
1243:
1223:
708:, a large trove of gold objects, was found in 1873 on the German island of
727:
is a contested bit of history, not least because medieval writers such as
3215:
3172:
2922:
950:
891:
852:
795:
690:
675:
671:
660:
651:
557:
387:
379:
146:
962:
640:
614:
565:
549:
525:
447:
279:
275:
248:
177:
47:
1997:
3210:
3185:
2667:
2633:
946:
895:
636:
541:
513:
420:
The first documented appearance of Harald's nickname "Bluetooth" (as
399:
252:
1137:
Haraldus, hinc cognomento Blachtent, id est, dens lividus, vel niger
646:
As a consequence of Harald's army having lost to the Germans at the
480:"blue-black", or "dark-coloured"). Another explanation, proposed by
1195:"Harald Bluetooth Gormsson: The Viking king who connected kingdoms"
1083:
1301:
The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Volume 1: Prehistory to 1520
928:
907:
811:
537:
503:
485:
403:
318:
301:
263:
202:
1228:. Vol. 16. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. p. 148.
2766:
2085:
738:
Widukind of Corvey, writing during the lives of King Harald and
508:
Harald's kingdom (in red) and his vassals and allies (in yellow)
2637:
2001:
294:
forcibly deposed him from his Danish throne before his death.
1492:
3.65, ed. Paul Hirsch and Hans-Eberhard Lohmann, MGH SS rer.
1337:"Is Danish king who gave name to Bluetooth buried in Poland?"
715:
Harald introduced the first nationwide coinage in Denmark.
1890:
The story behind how Bluetooth® technology got its name,
374:"rule". Harald's name is also inscribed on the so-called
1619:, trans. Francis J. Tschan (New York, 2002), pp. 77–78.
1571:, trans. Francis J. Tschan (New York, 2002), pp. 55–57.
392:+ARALD CVRMSVN + REX AD TANER + SCON + JVMN + CIV ALDIN
1084:"A unique object from Harald Bluetooth´s time. (2015)"
434:(written c. 1140), alongside the alternative nickname
609:- first by giving Styrbjörn a fleet and his daughter
1295:
Skovgaard-Petersen, Inge (2003), Helle, Knut (ed.),
586:
of Normandy in 945 and 963, while his son conquered
3199:
3184:
3146:
3131:
3113:
3098:
3030:
3015:
2965:
2950:
2696:
2674:
2541:
2416:
2407:
2385:
2376:
2354:
2345:
2323:
2316:
2294:
2285:
2154:
2145:
2123:
2114:
2044:
2035:
454:
and explicitly glossed as "bluish or black tooth" (
208:
198:
188:
176:
152:
140:
136:
125:
115:
105:
97:
90:
80:
70:
62:
55:
34:
1510:(e-book ed.). Gads Forlag. pp. 924–925.
1430:The Curmsun Disc – Harald Bluetooth´s Golden Seal?
488:" (or "dark thane") in England (with Anglo-Saxon
735:give conflicting accounts of how it came about.
3304:Converts to Christianity from Germanic paganism
1267:
1265:
827:
752:, Poppo performed his miracle for Harald's son
340:". The Latinized name as given in the medieval
50:by Poppo the monk, in a relief dated to c. 1200
1633:(e-book ed.). Gads Forlag. p. 1100.
1535:(e-book ed.). Gads Forlag. p. 1069.
2649:
2013:
1918:" by Pius Wittmann, a publication now in the
1908:This article incorporates text from the 1913
1274:A unique object from Harald Bluetooth´s time?
766:Res gestae saxonicae sive annalium libri tres
8:
1866:. London N79DP: Icon Books Ltd. p. 139.
1609:History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen
1561:History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen
1176:, Cambridge University Press (2005) p. 180.
1303:, Cambridge University Press, p. 176,
910:. It is thought that they both died in the
820:, showing the inscription concerning Harald
3196:
3143:
3110:
3027:
2962:
2693:
2656:
2642:
2634:
2413:
2382:
2351:
2320:
2291:
2151:
2120:
2041:
2020:
2006:
1998:
1942:
1833:"Tech History: How Bluetooth got its name"
1772:"Tech History: How Bluetooth got its name"
990:, and other medieval Scandinavian sources.
40:
31:
639:'s death, Harald attacked Saxony in 973.
496:when the name came back into Old Norse).
464:Wilhelmi abbatis regum Danorum genealogia
2599:indicates Danish monarchs who were also
1721:, Megalithic Portal, editor Andy Burnham
1670:, (Peterborough, Ontario, 2006). p. 266.
1456:. University Press of Southern Denmark.
666:The Curmsun Disc, found in GroĂź-Weckow,
386:, close to the Viking Age stronghold of
270:from c. 958 – c. 986. Harald introduced
1737:. New York: HarperCollins. p. 87.
1688:. Archaeological Institute of America.
1554:
1552:
1193:Williamson, Jonathan (15 August 2023).
1002:
975:
779:relates that Harald was converted with
274:and consolidated his rule over most of
1869:
1021:from the original on 20 September 2014
773:. Some 250 years after the event, the
590:, and after the assassination of King
1399:Haraldskaer Woman: Bodies of the Bogs
1217:
1215:
348:(Harald, Gorm's son). The given name
7:
1938:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
1692:from the original on 9 November 2022
1225:Early state formation in Scandinavia
1090:from the original on 1 February 2017
484:(1997), is that he was called "blue
286:following the assassination of King
1782:from the original on 6 October 2014
1416:Archaeological Institute of America
1379:from the original on 25 August 2022
1317:from the original on 8 January 2022
356:) is the equivalent of Old English
1812:from the original on 6 August 2017
1751:from the original on 14 April 2023
1731:Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1975).
1470:from the original on 14 April 2023
1450:Moesgaard, Jens Christian (2015).
1335:Monika Scislowska (31 July 2022).
1297:"The making of the Danish kingdom"
25:
1250:from the original on 25 June 2021
805:As noted above, Harald's father,
2105:
394:, i.e. "Harald Gormson, king of
247:, died c. 985/86) was a king of
3289:10th-century Norwegian monarchs
564:of similar design, located at
1:
3294:Burials at Roskilde Cathedral
3284:10th-century kings of Denmark
2045:
1831:Kardach, Jim (5 March 2008).
1655:Viking Sources in Translation
1375:(in Danish). 19 August 2022.
1163:Fortehad, Oram and Pedersen,
1054:viĂ° Haralld konong Gorms sun
317:Harald's name is written as
1770:Kardach, Jim (3 May 2008).
468:The traditional explanation
332:, this would correspond to
328:inscription. In normalized
309:with "Harald" inscription (
3345:
2394:Christopher III of Bavaria
2220:Valdemar II the Victorious
1427:Pontus Weman Tell (2016),
922:
725:conversion to Christianity
719:Conversion to Christianity
628:
462:of the late 12th century,
324:(ᚼᛅᚱᛅᛚᛏᚱ ᛬ ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛦ) in the
266:Dannebod. Harald ruled as
27:King of Denmark and Norway
3227:
2592:
2103:
1985:
1977:
1967:
1958:
1950:
1945:
1734:A History of Christianity
1276:Malmö: Pilemedia, pp. 4–5
1052:(dative), ch. 14 (p. 58)
695:Gunnhild, Mother of Kings
693:previously thought to be
624:
450:. The byname is given as
213:Chalcedonian Christianity
39:
2913:Magnus VI the Law-mender
1896:28 December 2020 at the
1876:: CS1 maint: location (
1682:"Gorm the Old Goes Home"
1436:20 November 2018 at the
912:St. Brice's Day massacre
857:Sønder Vissing Runestone
723:King Harald Bluetooth's
631:German–Danish war of 974
346:Haraldus Gormonis filius
237:Haraldr Blátǫnn Gormsson
3279:10th-century Christians
3186:III. Independent Norway
2869:Haakon II Broadshoulder
1668:Reading the Middle Ages
1629:Zeeberg, Peter (2000).
1531:Zeeberg, Peter (2000).
1506:Zeeberg, Peter (2000).
1494:Germ. in usum scholarum
1281:1 February 2017 at the
1133:Reliquiæ Manuscriptorum
888:Haakon. Born in 961(?).
855:in 970. She raised the
851:(Tova) the daughter of
272:Christianity to Denmark
258:He was the son of King
236:
3100:II. Independent Norway
1862:Forsyth, Mark (2011).
1631:Saxos Danmarkshistorie
1533:Saxos Danmarkshistorie
1508:Saxos Danmarkshistorie
1404:21 August 2007 at the
1222:Bagge, Sverre (2009).
1067:Altdeutsches Namenbuch
934:
837:Marriages and children
831:
821:
509:
456:dens lividus vel niger
408:Bishopric of Aldinburg
314:
245:Harald BlĂĄtand Gormsen
244:
2884:Haakon III Sverresson
2857:Eystein II Haraldsson
2832:Sigurd I the Crusader
2681:Foreign and non-royal
2676:I. Independent Norway
2363:Eric VII of Pomerania
2192:Eric II the Memorable
1911:Catholic Encyclopedia
1614:14 April 2023 at the
1566:14 April 2023 at the
1272:Rosborn, Sven (2015)
1118:14 April 2023 at the
1050:af Harallde Gormssyne
945:for his initials, H (
932:
815:
619:Battle of Fýrisvellir
507:
431:Chronicon Roskildense
322:haraltr : kunukʀ
305:
3324:10th-century Vikings
2901:Haakon IV Haakonsson
2802:Magnus II Haraldsson
2689:monarchs in brackets
2273:Valdemar IV Atterdag
2210:Valdemar I the Great
1717:3 March 2016 at the
1490:Res gestae Saxonicae
1345:. AP. Archived from
1171:5 April 2023 at the
1135:, vol. IX, 591–650:
1111:ed. Langebek (1772)
919:Bluetooth technology
877:Styrbjörn the Strong
603:Styrbjörn the Strong
584:Richard the Fearless
579:at Ravning meadows.
3120:Christian Frederick
2933:Haakon VI Magnusson
2928:Magnus VII Ericsson
2874:Magnus V Erlingsson
2842:Magnus IV the Blind
2827:Eystein I Magnusson
2817:Magnus III Barefoot
2797:Harald III Hardrada
2719:Harald II Greycloak
2378:Palatinate-Neumarkt
2258:Eric Christoffersen
2172:Canute IV the Saint
2029:Monarchs of Denmark
787:(ruled 973 – 983).
771:Deeds of the Saxons
282:. Harald's rule as
101:c. 970 – c. 985/986
18:Harald I of Denmark
3314:House of Knýtlinga
3299:Christian monarchs
2938:Olaf IV Haakonsson
2923:Haakon V Magnusson
2890:Guttorm Sigurdsson
2812:Haakon Toresfostre
2622:monarch of Iceland
2608:monarch of England
2601:monarchs of Norway
2229:Eric IV Plough-tax
2224:Valdemar the Young
2162:Sweyn II Estridsen
2067:Harald I Bluetooth
1710:C. Michael Hogan,
1418:, 10 December 1997
935:
933:The Bluetooth logo
822:
729:Widukind of Corvey
706:Hiddensee treasure
701:proved otherwise.
699:radiocarbon dating
625:Harald's Rebellion
510:
382:village church in
362:, Old High German
315:
313:) at the top lines
3309:Danish Christians
3256:
3255:
3223:
3222:
3180:
3179:
3133:Union with Sweden
3127:
3126:
3094:
3093:
3011:
3010:
2946:
2945:
2918:Eric II Magnusson
2879:Sverre Sigurdsson
2863:Magnus Haraldsson
2852:Inge I Haraldsson
2792:Magnus I the Good
2761:Olaf II the Saint
2749:EirĂkr Hákonarson
2737:Olaf I Tryggvason
2731:Haakon Sigurdsson
2714:Haakon I the Good
2704:Harald I Fairhair
2690:
2631:
2630:
2615:monarch of Sweden
2588:
2587:
2403:
2402:
2372:
2371:
2341:
2340:
2312:
2311:
2281:
2280:
2141:
2140:
2101:
2100:
1996:
1995:
1968:Succeeded by
1640:978-87-12-04745-2
1542:978-87-12-04745-2
1517:978-87-12-04745-2
1463:978-87-7602-323-2
1349:on 10 August 2022
1310:978-0-521-47299-9
1235:978-3-7001-6604-7
1199:The Viking Herald
914:in November 1002.
863:Gyrid Olafsdottir
859:after her mother.
659:he died in Jumne/
342:Danish chronicles
218:
217:
168:Gyrid Olafsdottir
130:Haakon Sigurdsson
16:(Redirected from
3336:
3269:Harald Bluetooth
3197:
3158:Charles III John
3144:
3111:
3028:
2963:
2907:Haakon the Young
2896:Inge II BĂĄrdsson
2755:Sweyn Haakonsson
2725:Harald Bluetooth
2694:
2680:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2635:
2414:
2383:
2352:
2321:
2292:
2269:
2202:Sweyn III Grathe
2152:
2121:
2109:
2047:
2042:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1999:
1981:Harald Greycloak
1978:Preceded by
1951:Preceded by
1943:
1916:Harold Bluetooth
1901:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1867:
1864:The Etymologicon
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1839:. Archived from
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1728:
1722:
1712:"Jelling Stones"
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1653:Anders Winroth,
1651:
1645:
1644:
1626:
1620:
1606:Adam of Bremen,
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1584:. Archived from
1578:
1572:
1558:Adam of Bremen,
1556:
1547:
1546:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1503:
1497:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1447:
1441:
1440:www.academia.edu
1425:
1419:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1292:
1286:
1285:www.academia.edu
1269:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1190:
1184:
1161:
1155:
1145:
1139:
1129:
1123:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1079:
1073:
1063:
1057:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1015:Den store danske
1007:
991:
982:As set forth in
980:
744:Saxo Grammaticus
687:Haraldskær Woman
592:Harald Greycloak
469:
416:
288:Harald Greycloak
132:(de facto ruler)
110:Harald Greycloak
44:
35:Harald Bluetooth
32:
21:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3248:Swedish monarch
3242:English monarch
3219:
3195:
3176:
3142:
3123:
3109:
3090:
3026:
3007:
2961:
2942:
2837:Harald IV Gille
2773:Haakon Ericsson
2743:Sweyn Forkbeard
2709:Eric I Bloodaxe
2688:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2632:
2627:
2584:
2547:
2537:
2420:
2399:
2368:
2337:
2308:
2277:
2267:
2244:Eric V Klipping
2182:Eric I Evergood
2137:
2132:Magnus the Good
2110:
2097:
2031:
2026:
1991:
1983:
1973:
1971:Sweyn Forkbeard
1964:
1961:King of Denmark
1956:
1930:
1904:
1898:Wayback Machine
1889:
1885:
1868:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1843:on 18 June 2012
1830:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1745:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1719:Wayback Machine
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1616:Wayback Machine
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1588:on 6 March 2016
1580:
1579:
1575:
1568:Wayback Machine
1557:
1550:
1543:
1530:
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1525:
1518:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1464:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1438:Wayback Machine
1426:
1422:
1406:Wayback Machine
1396:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1311:
1294:
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1289:
1283:Wayback Machine
1270:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1236:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1173:Wayback Machine
1162:
1158:
1146:
1142:
1130:
1126:
1120:Wayback Machine
1107:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1065:A. Förstemann,
1064:
1060:
1048:1902–8, p. 31)
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1011:"Tamdrup Kirke"
1009:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
994:
981:
977:
972:
959:
940:Younger Futhark
927:
921:
883:Sweyn Forkbeard
873:Tyra of Denmark
839:
754:Sweyn Forkbeard
721:
635:In the wake of
633:
627:
502:
467:
410:
336:, i.e. "Harald
334:Haraldr konungr
300:
292:Sweyn Forkbeard
268:king of Denmark
172:
145:
120:Olaf Tryggvason
85:Sweyn Forkbeard
66:c. 958 – c. 986
57:King of Denmark
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3342:
3340:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3319:Norse monarchs
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3261:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3236:Danish monarch
3232:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3017:Denmark–Norway
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2960:
2959:
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2954:
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2915:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2847:Sigurd II Munn
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:Olav Magnusson
2819:
2814:
2809:
2807:Olaf III Kyrre
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2779:Sweyn Knutsson
2763:
2758:
2739:
2734:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2691:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2560:Frederick VIII
2557:
2551:
2549:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2527:Christian VIII
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2422:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2389:
2387:
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2373:
2370:
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2358:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2327:
2325:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2298:
2296:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:Christopher II
2251:
2249:Eric VI Menved
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2217:
2212:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Harald III Hen
2164:
2158:
2156:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2094:(Harthacanute)
2089:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2049:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1988:King of Norway
1984:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1946:Regnal titles
1941:
1940:
1929:
1928:External links
1926:
1925:
1924:
1903:
1902:
1883:
1854:
1823:
1793:
1762:
1743:
1723:
1703:
1672:
1659:
1646:
1639:
1621:
1599:
1582:"Heimskringla"
1573:
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1523:
1516:
1498:
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1462:
1442:
1420:
1390:
1360:
1327:
1309:
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1234:
1211:
1185:
1166:Viking Empires
1156:
1140:
1124:
1101:
1082:Sven Rosborn.
1074:
1058:
1046:Finnur JĂłnsson
1032:
1001:
999:
996:
993:
992:
988:Knytlinga Saga
974:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
958:
955:
923:Main article:
920:
917:
916:
915:
894:. She married
889:
886:
880:
866:
865:
860:
846:
838:
835:
792:Eric of Sweden
733:Adam of Bremen
720:
717:
670:, (after 1945
657:Adam of Bremen
629:Main article:
626:
623:
577:Ravning Bridge
501:
498:
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284:king of Norway
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3112:
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3088:
3085:
3083:
3082:Christian VII
3080:
3078:
3075:
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3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:Frederick III
3055:
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3042:Christian III
3040:
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2558:
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2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2533:Frederick VII
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2513:Christian VII
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
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2500:
2496:
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2489:
2487:
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2478:Frederick III
2475:
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2457:Christian III
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2418:Senior branch
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2239:Christopher I
2237:
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2197:Eric III Lamb
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2177:Olaf I Hunger
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2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
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1982:
1976:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1944:
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1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1923:
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1920:public domain
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1906:
1905:
1899:
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1887:
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1873:
1865:
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1824:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1763:
1750:
1746:
1744:0-06-064952-6
1740:
1736:
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1727:
1724:
1720:
1716:
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1167:
1160:
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1153:87-567-5772-7
1150:
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1138:
1134:
1131:ed. Ludewig,
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1110:
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1102:
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818:Jelling stone
814:
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749:Gesta Danorum
745:
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46:Harald being
43:
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33:
30:
19:
3329:Gorm the Old
3087:Frederick VI
3072:Christian VI
3067:Frederick IV
3052:Christian IV
3047:Frederick II
3004:Christian II
2986:
2952:Kalmar Union
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2684:
2596:
2575:Margrethe II
2555:Christian IX
2542:
2525:
2520:Frederick VI
2518:
2511:
2504:
2499:Christian VI
2497:
2492:Frederick IV
2490:
2483:
2476:
2471:Christian IV
2469:
2464:Frederick II
2462:
2455:
2448:
2443:Christian II
2441:
2434:
2427:
2417:
2392:
2361:
2330:
2301:
2263:Valdemar III
2130:
2084:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2061:Gorm the Old
2057:(Harthacnut)
1992:970–985/986
1986:
1965:958–985/986
1959:
1954:Gorm the Old
1913:
1907:
1886:
1863:
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1841:the original
1836:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1775:
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1733:
1726:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1685:
1680:Rose, Mark.
1675:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1649:
1630:
1624:
1607:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1586:the original
1576:
1559:
1532:
1526:
1507:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1452:
1445:
1429:
1423:
1409:
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1373:videnskab.dk
1372:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:the original
1340:
1330:
1319:, retrieved
1300:
1290:
1273:
1252:. Retrieved
1224:
1202:. Retrieved
1198:
1188:
1164:
1159:
1143:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1108:
1104:
1092:. Retrieved
1077:
1066:
1061:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1014:
1005:
987:
984:Heimskringla
983:
978:
936:
867:
840:
832:
828:
823:
807:Gorm the Old
804:
789:
776:Heimskringla
774:
770:
764:
758:
747:
746:in his work
737:
722:
714:
703:
684:
665:
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634:
596:
581:
574:
561:
511:
493:
489:
471:
463:
455:
451:
439:
435:
429:
428:) is in the
425:
424:; Old Norse
421:
419:
391:
376:Curmsun disc
371:
367:
363:
357:
353:
349:
345:
333:
321:
316:
310:
307:Curmsun disc
260:Gorm the Old
257:
228:
224:
220:
219:
193:Gorm the Old
75:Gorm the Old
29:
3274:980s deaths
3077:Frederick V
3062:Christian V
3037:Frederick I
2994:Christian I
2982:Christopher
2665:Monarchs of
2570:Frederik IX
2565:Christian X
2506:Frederick V
2485:Christian V
2450:Frederick I
2429:Christian I
2332:Margrethe I
2268:Interregnum
1755:13 December
1686:Archaeology
1474:26 November
1411:Archaeology
1342:StarTribune
1244:j.ctt3fgk28
1204:28 February
1044:ch. 7 (ed.
816:The larger
781:Earl Haakon
607:Jomsvikings
599:Norse sagas
534:Nonnebakken
444:Harald Klak
440:Clac Harald
436:Clac Harald
411: [
380:GroĂź-Weckow
370:"army" and
106:Predecessor
71:Predecessor
3263:Categories
3206:Haakon VII
3200:Since 1905
3168:Charles IV
3153:Charles II
2687:, disputed
2683:rulers in
2580:Frederik X
2548:since 1863
2544:GlĂĽcksburg
2092:Canute III
2048:916 – 1042
1696:9 November
1488:Widukind,
1094:12 October
1041:Fagrskinna
1025:3 November
998:References
908:Devonshire
875:, married
868:Children:
678:, town of
570:Trelleborg
562:Trelleborg
554:Aggersborg
548:(northern
546:Himmerland
522:Trelleborg
518:Ring forts
3147:1814–1905
3114:Only 1814
3031:1524–1814
2988:Charles I
2966:1387–1523
2421:1448–1863
2409:Oldenburg
2386:1440–1448
2355:1397–1439
2347:Pomerania
2324:1376–1412
2317:Estridsen
2295:1376–1387
2215:Canute VI
2155:1047–1375
2147:Estridsen
2124:1042–1047
2086:Canute II
2080:Harald II
2037:Knýtlinga
1914:article "
1872:cite book
1816:16 August
1383:25 August
1353:10 August
1321:8 January
970:Footnotes
949:) and B (
943:bind rune
925:Bluetooth
904:Ealdorman
841:Spouses:
710:Hiddensee
680:Aldinburg
668:Pomerania
648:Danevirke
530:Borrering
460:chronicle
452:Blachtent
446:, son of
384:Pomerania
359:Hereweald
330:Old Norse
233:Old Norse
225:Bluetooth
116:Successor
81:Successor
3216:Harald V
3173:Oscar II
2977:Eric III
2972:Margaret
2697:872–1387
2206:Canute V
2116:Fairhair
2055:Сanute I
1934:Harold 2
1894:Archived
1810:Archived
1780:Archived
1776:EE Times
1749:Archived
1715:Archived
1690:Archived
1612:Archived
1592:31 March
1564:Archived
1468:Archived
1434:Archived
1402:Archived
1377:Archived
1315:archived
1279:Archived
1248:Archived
1169:Archived
1116:Archived
1088:Archived
1069:(1856),
1019:Archived
957:See also
892:Gunhilde
853:Mistivir
796:apostasy
691:bog body
676:Jomsborg
672:Wiejkowo
661:Jomsborg
652:Obodrite
558:Limfjord
482:Scocozza
426:*blátǫnn
388:Jomsborg
364:Heriwald
354:Haralldr
229:Gormsson
209:Religion
147:Jomsborg
48:baptized
3163:Oscar I
2785:Ælfgifu
2685:italics
2597:Italics
2303:Olaf II
2074:Sweyn I
1847:11 June
1837:eetimes
1806:PCWorld
1657:, 2009.
1254:22 June
963:Hagrold
845:Gunhild
785:Otto II
641:Otto II
615:Uppsala
605:of the
588:Samland
566:Borgeby
550:Jutland
526:Zealand
476:"blue"
458:) in a
448:Halfdan
366:, from
350:Haraldr
280:Zealand
276:Jutland
262:and of
249:Denmark
159:Gunhild
153:Spouses
144:985/986
3231:Regent
3211:Olav V
2776:&
2770:&
2752:&
2746:&
2728:&
2668:Norway
2287:Bjälbo
1786:9 June
1741:
1637:
1539:
1514:
1460:
1307:
1242:
1232:
1180:
1151:
1113:p. 375
896:Pallig
761:Otto I
740:Otto I
697:until
637:Otto I
552:) and
542:Fyrkat
514:Aarhus
422:blatan
400:Scania
390:), as
352:(also
253:Norway
241:Danish
221:Harald
199:Mother
189:Father
126:Regent
3246:Also
3240:Also
3234:Also
2620:Also
2613:Also
2606:Also
2187:Niels
1240:JSTOR
1071:631f.
849:Thora
800:Sweyn
783:, by
611:Thyra
556:near
538:Funen
500:Reign
490:thegn
486:thane
478:meant
415:]
404:Jumne
396:Danes
372:wald-
319:runic
264:Thyra
203:Thyra
178:House
98:Reign
63:Reign
2999:John
2767:Cnut
2436:John
2234:Abel
1878:link
1849:2013
1818:2017
1788:2014
1757:2015
1739:ISBN
1698:2022
1635:ISBN
1594:2011
1537:ISBN
1512:ISBN
1476:2021
1458:ISBN
1385:2022
1355:2022
1323:2022
1305:ISBN
1256:2021
1230:ISBN
1206:2024
1178:ISBN
1149:ISBN
1096:2015
1027:2012
902:and
900:Jarl
731:and
704:The
689:, a
597:The
473:blár
368:hari
338:king
298:Name
278:and
251:and
163:Tove
141:Died
1936:at
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953:).
906:of
769:or
544:in
536:on
524:on
494:tan
417:".
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344:is
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