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323:. In 1934 he became the university's director of Institute of Public Affairs – an assignment in addition to his law duties. The institute brought prominent speakers to the university from government, business and academia to discuss topics of national and international interest. As the director, Dillard became acquainted with some of the leading figures of the day such as Senator
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determination. He believed that international law should be realistic, creative, axiologically oriented and also serve as an indicator of emerging norms. Judge
Dillard also stressed that the leaders of national governments – described by him as the "wielders of power" – must understand that effective international law is,
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depicted in writings during his years as a legal scholar. Dillard's international jurisprudence espoused an interlocking of law and diplomacy whereby law serves as an "ordering device" which helps in dispute settlement and at the same time leaves room for the parties to play a major role in the final
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for the resolution of disputes, the court appointed a committee of its judges to simplify its rules of procedure. Dillard served on the committee and became its chairman. The committee's major innovation was to give parties an option to submit a case to a "chamber" of five judges instead of to the
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On 27 October 1970, The U.N. General
Assembly and U.N. Security Council elected Dillard to a nine-year term on The International Court of Justice. During his tenure on the Court, Dillard adjudicated seven contentious and three advisory cases. According to his peers, Judge Dillard's ICJ decision's
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At the start of
Dillard's tenure the court's decision processes were extraordinarily protracted and cumbersome, involving numerous exchanges of individual memoranda, conferences, oral hearings, and repeated circulation of opinions, jointly and individually authored. In order to encourage states to
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to speak. A former president of the university's Alumni
Association protested in a letter to the Alumni News that Dillard went "beyond freedom of speech" when he offered a rostrum from which the general secretary of the
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and was also president of the law school student body. Due to his legal ability, the law faculty took the unusual step of asking him to stay after graduation to serve as an instructor. He taught primarily
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Judge
Dillard's multi method jurisprudence is reflected in an adage he often used and first noticed on a sign outside of a Unitarian Church in London during the Second World War –
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for two years before leaving to become an associate in the New York City law firm of Gregg & Church. After only a year with the law firm, he was awarded a fellowship by the
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could, "spread subversive doctrines." Dillard responded that where controversial topics are selected, "both sides should be fairly heard." A spokesman for
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Kacowicz, Arie M. & Bar-Simon-Tov, Yaacov & Elgstrom, Ole &, Jerneck Magnus 2012, "Stable Peace Among
Nations", Rowman & Little, p. 207.
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War
Department Special Staff 1946, "History of the Civil Affairs Holding & Staging Area", Office of The Chief of Military History, U.S. Army, p.29.
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fading in to the background, fresh West Point graduates were encouraged to leave the service. Thus, like many of his classmates, Dillard resigned his
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Oliver, Covey T. 1983, "Professor - Judge Hardy Cross
Dillard & International Law", Virginia Journal of International Law, 23 (3), p. 381.
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Oliver, Covey T. 1983, "Professor - Judge Hardy Cross
Dillard & International Law", Virginia Journal of International Law 23 (3), p.381.
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McDougal, Myres S. & Laswell, Harold D. 1968,"Dedication to Dean
Dillard - Man of Depth & Style", Virginia Law Review,(54), p.585.
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224:(1941–1946). During World War II, Dillard served as deputy chief of staff for civil affairs (G5) in the China Command, Commander of the
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Gros, Andre 1983, "Hardy Cross Dillard: Judge of the International Court of Justice", Virginia Journal of International Law, 23, p.370.
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Staff report 1950, "Professor Hardy Dillard Notes Surprising Recovery in Germany's Western Zone", Virginia Law Weekly, 3 (2), p.1.
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Staff 1950, "Professor Hardy Dillard Notes Surprising Recovery in Germany's Western Zone", Virginia Law Weekly, 3 (2), P.4.
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between dogmatism on one hand and skepticism on the other, there is a middle way, which is our way - open minded certainty.
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Meador, Daniel J. 1995, "Hardy C. Dillard: Writings & Speeches", University of Virginia Law School Foundation, p.10.
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Margolick, David 1982, "Hardy Cross Dillard, 79, Dies; Ex-Judge on the World Court.", The New York Times, 14 May, p. 19.
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Meador, Daniel J. 1995, "Hardy C.Dillard: Writings & Speeches", University of Virginia Law School Foundation, p.19.
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Meador, Daniel J. 1995, "Hardy C.Dillard: Writings & Speeches", University of Virginia Law School Foundation, p.96.
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Meador, Daniel J 1995, "Hardy C. Dillard: Writings & Speeches," University of Virginia Law School Foundation, p. 4.
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Meador, Daniel J 1995, "Hardy C. Dillard: Writings & Speeches" University of Virginia Law School Foundation, p.19.
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Meador, Daniel J 1995, "Hardy C. Dillard: Writings & Speeches", University of Virginia Law School Foundation, p.8.
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Meador, Daniel J 1995, "Hardy C. Dillard: Writings & Speeches", University of Virginia Law School Foundation, p.2.
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Ziemke, Earl F. 1990, "U.S. Army in The Occupation of Germany 1944-46", Center of Military History, U.S. Army, p.64.
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Major General Maginis, John J. 1971, "Military Government Journal: Normandy to Berlin", University of MA Press, p.60.
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Schachter, Oscar 1982, "Hardy Cross Dillard (1902 - 1982), American Journal of International Law, 76, p. 589.
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Schachter, Oscar 1982, "Hardy Cross Dillard: 1902 -1982", American Journal of International Law, (76), p.596.
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Brechter, Michael & Wilenfeld, Jonatha 1997, "A Study of Crisis", University of Michigan Press, p. 517.
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Kolb, Charles E.M. 1978, "Jurisprudence of Judge HCD", Vanderbilt Journal of International Law,11, p. 650.
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Upon completion of the program, Dillard accepted an appointment as assistant professor of law at the
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islands dispute, Dean of the University of Virginia School of Law (1963–1968), legal adviser to the
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where he graduated in 1924. Upon graduation, Dillard was commissioned a second lieutenant in the
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Powell, Lewis F. Jr. 1983, "Judge Hardy Cross Dillard", Virginia Law Review, 69 (5), p.808.
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on the constitutional framework of U.S. foreign policy. Specifically, his talks analyzed
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Agreements. He also addressed the issue of public opinion in shaping (U.S.) policy.
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full court of fifteen, thereby making possible a more expeditious procedure.
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and as commander of the European Civil Affairs Training Division of
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Hardy Cross Dillard was the son of Avarene Lippincot Budd and
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separate from the ICJ in order to mediate the long running
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U.N. Administrative Tribunal (appeal of judgment no. 158)
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two months after graduation. He subsequently entered the
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Presidents of the American Society of International Law
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220:(1946), and as a colonel in the U.S. Army during
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1567:. In this role, Dillard educated the German
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155:Valgerdur Nielsen Dent
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271:Dillard attended the
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283:. However, with the
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218:National War College
206:court of arbitration
153:Janet Gray Schaufler
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692:Declaration (joint)
353:Rexford Guy Tugwell
310:University of Paris
297:Virginia Law Review
254:James Hardy Dillard
240:in preparation for
234:Occupation of Japan
190:Hardy Cross Dillard
109:Hardy Cross Dillard
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242:Operation Overlord
202:Queen Elizabeth II
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90:Richard Baxter
87:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
58:
57:
50:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
27:American judge
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1937:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1573:American zone
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1536:
1529:
1527:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1494:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1465:Court favored
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1383:Mohamed Fasla
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1246:5 August 1970
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1088:
1086:
1075:
1073:
1059:
1048:
1045:
1043:3 August 1971
1042:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1006:
1002:
999:
997:
995:
984:
982:
971:
969:
955:
944:
941:
938:
935:
931:
928:
926:
925:
921:
917:
914:
912:
909:
906:
904:
893:
889:
886:
884:
882:
871:
869:
858:
856:
842:
831:
828:
825:
822:
820:
819:
815:
811:
808:
806:
803:
800:
798:
787:
783:
780:
778:
776:
765:
763:
752:
750:
736:
725:
722:
720:14 April 1972
719:
716:
712:
709:
707:
706:
702:
698:
695:
691:
687:
684:
680:
676:
673:
671:
668:
665:
663:
652:
648:
645:
643:
641:
630:
628:
617:
615:
601:
590:
587:
584:
582:Nuclear Tests
581:
579:
578:
574:
570:
567:
563:
559:
556:
554:
551:
548:
546:
535:
531:
528:
526:
524:
513:
511:
500:
498:
484:
473:
470:
467:
465:Nuclear Tests
464:
460:
457:
455:
454:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
430:ICJ category
429:
426:
423:
422:
416:
414:
413:
409:
404:
403:jurisprudence
396:Jurisprudence
395:
393:
391:
387:
383:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:David Sarnoff
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:Paul V McNutt
331:, Ambassador
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
178:
174:
169:
165:
162:
158:
152:
148:
144:
135:
131:
127:
123:
107:
103:
98:
94:
91:
88:
82:
79:
78:Philip Jessup
76:
70:
64:
59:
56:
53:Judge of the
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:Hardy Dillard
31:
19:
18:Hardy Dillard
1837:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1554:
1540:
1442:brink of war
1420:judges to a
1411:
1348:28 June 1972
1260:South Africa
922:Declaration
448:Disposition
411:
407:
399:
377:Earl Browder
314:
270:
251:
222:World War II
189:
188:
138:(1982-05-12)
136:May 12, 1982
85:Succeeded by
62:
1880:1982 deaths
1875:1902 births
1480:arbitration
1046:Contentious
942:Contentious
829:Contentious
723:Contentious
588:Contentious
510:New Zealand
471:Contentious
451:Appendment
436:Challenger
365:Quincy Howe
361:Max Eastman
262:Hardy Cross
122:New Orleans
73:Preceded by
1869:Categories
1607:References
1459:Challenger
1183:Mauritania
666:Dissenting
549:Dissenting
468:9 May 1973
439:Defendant
373:communists
345:Max Lerner
289:commission
115:1902-10-23
1569:Judiciary
1530:Majority
1505:Argentina
1462:Defendant
1434:Argentina
627:Australia
600:Australia
160:Education
150:Spouse(s)
126:Louisiana
67:1970–1979
63:In office
1595:See also
1561:Pentagon
1478:Binding
1468:Opinion
1428:between
1395:Archived
1386:Majority
1377:Archived
1351:Advisory
1339:Archived
1325:Archived
1316:Majority
1297:Archived
1249:Advisory
1237:Archived
1223:Archived
1214:Majority
1159:Advisory
1147:Archived
1133:Archived
1124:Majority
1120:Pakistan
1105:Archived
1098:Pakistan
1072:Pakistan
1034:Archived
1020:Majority
1001:Archived
930:Archived
916:Archived
907:Majority
888:Archived
810:Archived
801:Majority
782:Archived
711:Archived
697:Archived
686:Archived
675:Archived
647:Archived
569:Archived
558:Archived
530:Archived
459:Archived
445:Opinion
433:Parties
384:and the
375:such as
281:Infantry
1589:Potsdam
1456:Parties
1312:Namibia
1272:Namibia
1195:Morocco
903:Germany
881:Iceland
868:Germany
855:Iceland
841:Germany
775:Iceland
749:Iceland
390:Germany
228:at the
1587:&
1523:
1502:
1490:
1360:
1309:
1281:
1269:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1117:
1095:
1082:
1069:
1055:
1016:Turkey
1013:
994:Turkey
991:
981:Greece
978:
968:Turkey
965:
954:Greece
951:
900:
878:
865:
852:
838:
794:
772:
759:
746:
732:
662:France
659:
640:France
637:
624:
614:France
611:
597:
545:France
542:
523:France
520:
507:
497:France
494:
480:
367:, and
194:jurist
145:, U.S.
128:, U.S.
1585:Yalta
1526:Chile
1493:Chile
1453:Class
1430:Chile
1171:Spain
1085:India
1058:India
1026:None
424:Case
238:SHAEF
204:to a
1581:NATO
1432:and
1061:vs.
957:vs.
844:vs.
738:vs.
603:vs.
486:vs.
133:Died
105:Born
1544:ICJ
1512:N/A
1509:N/A
1418:ICJ
1371:N/A
1368:N/A
1291:N/A
1288:N/A
1204:N/A
1201:N/A
177:LLB
1871::
1798:^
1741:^
1583:,
1444:.
1363:UN
1284:UN
735:UK
483:NZ
363:,
359:,
355:,
351:,
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
312:.
268:.
168:BS
124:,
179:)
175:(
170:)
166:(
117:)
113:(
20:)
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