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646:, "Of the 53 hares killed, 43 had neck injuries, 18 of which were inflicted by the handler (as evidenced from a clean break and no teeth marks). No clean breaks were believed to have been caused by dogs (where tooth marks were evident). The UFAW team's assessment was that all chest injuries would have been quickly fatal (in six cases these included a punctured heart); 10 animals without neck injuries had chest injuries. Abdominal injuries included six punctured livers, but generally involved a ruptured gut. In the UFAW team's opinion, hindleg and
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find it difficult to follow the hares' sharp turns which they make to evade the dogs. This agility gives the hare an important and often crucial advantage as it seeks to escape. Under some coursing club rules, the dogs are awarded points on how many times they can turn the hare, and how closely they force the hare's progress. In the UK, the contest between the greyhounds was usually judged from horseback, and the winning greyhound proceeded to the next round of a
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545:(published in 2000), hare coursing was taking place in Pakistan, Portugal and Spain. Pakistan has officially prohibited the use of dogs or hawks for coursing unless a special licence is issued for carrying out such activity although, according to some reports, hare coursing is still practised and popular. Hare coursing in Portugal is run in both forms: open (
31:
657:, which included coursing, concluded that "We are ... satisfied that being pursued, caught and killed by dogs during coursing seriously compromises the welfare of the hare. It is clear, moreover, that, if the dog or dogs catch the hare, they do not always kill it quickly. There can also sometimes be a significant delay, in
286:. However, as of 2015 it continues, illegally in counties with large areas of flat farmland suitable for hares: Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire and Norfolk, although criminals may travel large distances to course hares. Hare coursing gangs film the chase so that it can be played later, if and when betting occurs.
677:
Since the introduction of muzzling for greyhounds in 1993, deaths to hares are less common, falling from an average of 16% to about 4% of hares coursed (reducing to around 150–200 hares per year). Muzzled dogs are more likely to buffet a hare than to bite it, a factor that may still affect the hare's
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aiming to significantly increase their numbers. Some coursers say that coursing assists conservation because it leads to sporting landowners creating a habitat suitable for hares. Opponents of coursing say that the converse is true, namely that coursing takes place where hares live rather than hares
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In 2000, the rules of the UK National
Coursing Club awarded a point to a greyhound that killed a hare "through superior dash and speed". By early 2003, this rule had been deleted to remove the appearance of the kill incentive. Observers of hare coursing at the Waterloo Cup – the most important event
353:
The chased hare will then run at around 40–45 km/h (24–26 mph) and the course will last around 35–40 seconds over 0.5 km (0.3 miles). The greyhounds which pursue the hare will, being faster, start to catch up with it. As greyhounds are much larger than hares but less agile, they
273:
Lure coursing is a sport for dogs based on hare coursing, but involving dogs chasing a mechanically operated lure. Some critics of hare coursing suggest that coursers could test their dogs through lure coursing. However, coursers believe that, while lure coursing is good athletic exercise for their
259:, lacking the landowner's permission, and is often seen as a problem by the local public, landowners and the police. Clubs affiliated to the Association of Lurcher Clubs organised informal coursing with the landowner's permission, sometimes using a single lurcher rather than a pair to chase a hare.
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while they chase the hare. After the coursing event, the hares are transported back to where they were netted and re-released into the wild. Whereas the UK form of coursing was run with dogs winning points for their running and turning of the hare, the Irish form is run on the basis that the first
830:
with effect from 18 February 2005. Prosecutions were successful against two hare coursers in 2008 and against two
Yorkshire landowners in 2009. The private prosecution brought against the organisers of the March 2007 North Yorkshire event organised by a Field Trialling Club clarified in September
625:
became a centrepiece of the campaign against coursing in the UK. In opposition, coursing has long enjoyed the fame of being known as "the noblest of field sports" precisely because the death of the hare is not the aim of the sport. Under most regulated forms of coursing only two hounds pursue the
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which submitted its final report in 2000 said that about 250 hares were killed each year in formal coursing. although much larger numbers of kills are believed to take place in informal coursing. The UK National
Coursing Club and the organisers of the now defunct Waterloo Cup said that, on
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promoted a bill, AB2110, to make it a crime for any person in
California to engage in open field coursing – defined as a "competition in which dogs are, by the use of rabbits, hares, or foxes, assessed as to skill in hunting live rabbits, hares, or foxes". A pro-coursing campaign was also
1005:
690:
In the context of open (not park) coursing, the (British) National
Coursing Club evidence to the Burns Inquiry said that muzzled coursing can cause more suffering than unmuzzled if the coursing officials are not able to reach injured hares quickly. The Irish Council Against Bloodsports, an
169:
It is from Arrian that the most famous quote on the sporting fairness of coursing originates: "... true huntsmen do not take out their hounds to catch the creature, but for a trial of speed and a race, and they are satisfied if the hare manages to find something that will rescue her".
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who examined the hares blames the "significant stress" of being "corralled and coursed". Coursing supporters deny that hare coursing is cruel and say that hares that are injured, pregnant or ill are not allowed to run. Hares are reported to be examined by a vet before and after racing.
318:, or the National Open Field Coursing Association (NOFCA) in the US. Events are conducted through local coursing clubs which are regulated by their governing body. The objective of legal formal coursing is to test and judge the athletic ability of the dogs rather than to kill the hare.
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suggesting that many tens of thousands die cruelly each year. Hare coursing also takes place in Russia but is illegal in most
European countries and in Australia, where it had a long history from 1867 until it was banned in 1985 following a long decline in popularity.
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Thou shouldst rather be moved with pity to see a silly innocent hare murdered of a dog, the weak of the stronger, the fearful of the fierce, the innocent of the cruel and unmerciful. Therefore, all this exercise of hunting is a thing unworthy to be used of free
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in the UK coursing calendar until it was last held in 2005 – regularly reported a minority of people in the crowd cheering when hares were killed. In 2005 in the US, points were still awarded for a "touch ... where the quarry is captured or killed".
378:, being the most important event in the coursing calendar, attracting 10,000 spectators, and claimed by its organisers to be worth up to €16 million for the local economy. There are around 70 formal coursing clubs in the Republic and two in
321:
Legal, formal hare coursing has a number of variations in how it is undertaken. Open coursing takes place in the open field, and closed coursing (or park or Irish style) takes place in an enclosure with an escape route. Open coursing is either run as
227:
During the 19th century, coursing crossed the class divide, and reached its peak of popularity, with more than 150 coursing clubs in
Britain, some attracting up to 80,000 people. By the late 19th century, hare coursing had become a predominantly
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209:, providing for a pursuit of no more than two hounds, a headstart termed "Law" to be given to the hare for a fair run, and for the manner of awarding points on "Speed", "Go-bye", "Turn", "Wrench", "Kill" and "Trip", to judge the dogs' performance.
114:
Whether for sporting or hunting purposes, hare coursing was in Europe historically restricted to landowners and the nobility, who used sighthounds, the ownership of which was at certain historic times prohibited among the lower social classes.
401:, coursing clubs are licensed by the Irish government to net 70–75 hares for their events. The hares are then transported in boxes to the coursing venue where they are kept for up to eight weeks and trained to be coursed.
421:
Greyhounds were introduced in the
Americas for sport and pleasure, they helped farmers control jackrabbits, and organised coursing meets were taking place in the United States in the 19th century, by 1886 according to
524:
During the 2006–07 coursing season, the leading United States coursing body, the
National Open Field Coursing Association, registered 480 dogs of various breeds, and oversaw 83 coursing events. Its quarry is the
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255:) have been created; such animals may be specifically bred for coursing, such as the staghounds used to hunt coyote in the United States. Informal coursing has long been closely associated with pheasant hunting or
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since 2002, as
Ministers have refused the coursing clubs permission to net hares, and have protected them from being coursed or hunted under the Game Preservation (Northern Ireland) Act and in June 2010 the
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In different parts of the world two contrasting arguments are made in favour of hare coursing. In some places, the high densities of hare leads to the animals being considered as agricultural
719:
oversaw 23 hare coursing meetings. Over 100 hares "required assistance" after being struck during races, which led to over 20 of them dying of natural causes or having to be euthanised.
63:
In some countries, it is a legal, competitive activity in which dogs are tested on their ability to run, overtake and turn a hare, rather than a form of hunting aiming at the capture of
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682:. The report from the official Countryside ranger at the Wexford Coursing Club meeting in December 2003 confirms that, exceptionally, 40 hares died at the event and the report of the
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living where coursing takes place. It is also the case that coursing kills slower hares, and it is said by some coursers that this leaves faster hares to breed and multiply.
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553:. Hare coursing in Portugal may only be legally undertaken with two dogs and operates under the same ethos as coursing in the United States. In Spain, the hare coursing is
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voted to ban the practice. The two extant Northern Ireland coursing clubs since 2002 have travelled to the Republic to hold meetings jointly with coursing clubs there.
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which are crossbred sighthounds. The sport grew in popularity in Europe during the 19th century but has since experienced a decline due in part to the introduction of
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The oldest form of hare coursing simply involved two dogs chasing a hare, the winner being the dog that caught the hare; this could be for sport, food or
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as part of its campaigning have shown very strong public opposition to hare coursing from both urban and rural residents of Northern Ireland (and the
2809:"Management and Control of Populations of Foxes, Deer, Hares, and Mink in England and Wales, and the Impact of Hunting with Dogs, Section 6.2.3.b.ii"
2007:
Reid, N.; Dingerkus, K.; Montgomery, W. I.; Marnell, F.; Jeffrey, R.; Lynn, D.; Kingston, N.; McDonald, R. A. (2007), "Status of hares in Ireland",
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is not always clear. Animal Place, a California-based animal rights group which opposes coursing, claims that the activity is legal in California,
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642:(UFAW), albeit that it said that it was "not easy to draw conclusions from these reports". According to a review of this study conducted for the
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state lists jackrabbits as a protected species, due to an unusually low population for a western state, and bans all forms of hunting them.
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75:. It is a long-established hunting technique, practiced historically in England, especially with greyhounds or sighthound breeds, or with
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517:. The pro-coursing campaign, Stop2110 says that open field coursing is legal in all US states with a huntable population of jackrabbits.
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dog to turn the hare wins. This is denoted by either a red flag or a white flag, indicating the colours of the respective dogs' collars.
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330:, where hares are driven by beaters towards the coursing field. In each case, when a suitable hare appears, a person known as a
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2022:
1408:
Tichelar, M. (2006). "Putting Animals into Politics: The Labour Party and Hunting in the First Half of the Twentieth Century".
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1725:
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The competitive version of hare coursing was given definitive form when the first complete set of English rules, known as the
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557:, and the areas where the activity takes place includes the Medinrua area. Coursing has long been undertaken in Spain, where
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showed a film of coursing with sets of three greyhounds competing in the chase of a number of hares. Coursing was banned in
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1949:
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organisation that campaigns against hare coursing has video evidence that shows this happening, even in enclosed coursing.
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subsequent survival. Hares can either die due to injuries sustained by contact with the much larger dogs or due to capture
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and continues to believe that it is wrong to expose animals to the risk of injury or death for human entertainment. The
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hare, the dogs competing against each other for a short time, and allowing the hare a significant chance of escape.
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Instead of being coursed on open land, the Irish form is run in a secure enclosure over a set distance. Since 1993,
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with two collars to release two dogs at the same time, in pursuit of the hare which is given a head start (known as
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Welfare implications for hares, Lepus timidus hibernicus, taken from the wild for licensed hare coursing in Ireland
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913:
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that are registered with a governing body such as the National Coursing Club or Kennel Club in Great Britain, the
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2382:
Simões, S (2006-09-18). "Taxas – Licenças para armas mais caras com nova Lei" (in Portuguese). Correiomanha News.
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891:
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251:. In order to indulge in the informal practice, or hunting, various cross breeds (under the generic British term
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2307:
1781:
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1755:
803:
743:
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1986:
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Reid, N.; McDonald, R.A.; Montgomery, W. I. (2007). "Factors associated with hare mortality during coursing".
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434:, which are members of the hare family, now takes place in a number of states in Western America, including
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There are several differences between the rules of coursing in Great Britain (where it is regulated by the
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217:
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186:
178:
1807:
1485:
1187:
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1917:
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103:
2861:"Final Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Hunting with Dogs in England and Wales, paragraph 6.68"
2108:"Final Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Hunting with Dogs in England and Wales, paragraph 2.58"
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rather than greyhounds are used. These dogs have a precarious life after their coursing careers, with
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In 2015, it was reported that hare coursing incidents had fallen by approximately 78 per cent across
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1982:
1953:
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Survival, movements, home range size and dispersal of hares after coursing and/or translocation.
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2011:, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government
1592:"Single handed coursing, submission from the Association of Lurcher Clubs to the Burns Inquiry"
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who attended the event estimated that a greater number, one in five hares coursed, was killed.
19:
3200:. Proceedings of the 4th Vertebrate Pest Control Conference, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
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1450:
1377:
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1232:
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on the welfare impact of coursing. The first thorough study was carried out in 1977–79 by the
67:. It has a number of variations in its rules around the world. Coursing can also be a form of
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283:
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voted for Government Bills to ban hare coursing in 1969 and 1975, but neither passed the
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coursing, where a line of people walk through the countryside to flush out a hare, or as
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2336:
1507:
1113:
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established. The Bill was passed by the Public Safety Committee but did not become law.
3761:
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2710:
1048:
Charles Blanning, Fullerton Press in association with the National Coursing Club, 2022.
807:
780:
764:
602:
423:
159:
139:
64:
3452:"Game Preservation (Special Protection for Irish Hares) Order (Northern Ireland) 2006"
2358:"The Punjab Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Act 1974"
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The practice of hare coursing has only recently, in historical terms, been debated in
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704:
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542:
494:
268:
229:
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has said that coursing does not "reduce the population enough to alleviate damage".
3278:
Report of Committee of Inquiry into Hunting with Dogs in England and Wales (2000).
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1729:
954:
895:
852:
622:
618:
248:
235:
Coursing declined during the 20th century, notably due to the development of urban
127:
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The oldest documented description of hare coursing is the work known in English as
72:
3065:
Burns, T., Edwards, V., Marsh, J., Soulsby, E.J.L. and Winter, M. (June 9, 2000).
1277:
959:
Gazehounds & Coursing: The History, Art, and Sport of Hunting with Sighthounds
3422:
1444:
1371:
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1226:
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was founded to regulate the sport in 1858. From 1876 coursing meets were held at
3459:
3067:"Report of the committee of inquiry into hunting with dogs in England and Wales"
2141:
1957:
1562:
935:
827:
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742:
Elsewhere, such as in the UK, hares are not always seen as pests, and there are
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could have been extremely painful until chest or neck injuries were inflicted".
647:
583:
398:
94:. Hare coursing is illegal in the United Kingdom. In other countries, including
30:
2986:
2859:
Burns, T.; Edwards, V.; Marsh, J.; Soulsby, E. J. L.; Winter, M. (2000-06-09).
2106:
Burns, T.; Edwards, V.; Marsh, J.; Soulsby, E. J. L.; Winter, M. (2000-06-09).
1693:"Hare coursing gangs terrorising farmers with illicit underground competitions"
665:
reaches the hare and dispatches it (if it is not already dead). In the case of
653:
The Burns Inquiry, set up by the UK Government to examine hunting with dogs in
446:, and is said by the North American Coursing Association to take place also in
138:. Arrian felt compelled to describe the sight hunt and sighthounds because the
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1852:
1526:
1421:
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average, one in seven or eight hares coursed were killed. Inspectors from the
466:
455:
435:
295:
91:
57:
2783:"Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Submission to the Burns Inquiry"
2756:
2646:
In Nature's Name: An Anthology of Women's Writing and Illustration, 1780–1930
2556:(in Dutch). Windhondenvereniging Coursing Nienoord Leek. 2008. Archived from
1641:
274:
dogs, it does not approximate the testing vigour and sport of live coursing.
3117:
1253:
923:
514:
490:
239:
in the 1920s and there were fewer than 30 coursing clubs in the UK by 2000.
53:
3145:""It is positively medieval, barbaric": New figures show injuries to hares"
2172:
760:
358:
tournament. The 2003 UK coursing season ran from 1 October to 28 February.
3253:. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 2002. Archived from
2255:
1373:
Leisure and Recreation in a Victorian Mining Community: The Social Economy
1041:
961:, Rev. and expanded 2nd ed. Silver City, N.M.: High-Lonesome Books, 1999.
3483:. Department of Environment, Northern Ireland. 2007-10-05. Archived from
2419:
2357:
2276:
1056:
819:
795:, was a major opponent of coursing in the late 1960s, and Prime Minister
679:
533:
is organised by a smaller body, the North American Coursing Association.
498:
470:
307:
256:
213:
147:
87:
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since the re-launch of an operation against coursing in September 2013.
294:
Modern hare coursing is practiced using a number of sighthounds: mainly
1207:
see page 246 Turbervile "A short observation ... concerning coursing"
887:
867:
703:
The number of hares killed in coursing is unclear. The UK government's
510:
478:
474:
443:
439:
394:
371:
252:
76:
68:
23:
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2557:
2230:
1752:"Evidence to Burns Inquiry: An introductory guide to saluki coursing"
1443:
Orford, J.; Sproston, K.; Erens, B.; White, C.; Mitchell, L. (2003).
999:
Integrating field sports, hare population management and conservation
614:
502:
482:
451:
303:
299:
123:
609:
criticised hare coursing as an "aggravated form of torture" and the
601:
Coursing has long sparked opposition from activists concerned about
1616:
1978:
949:
Hounds, Hares & Other Creatures: The Complete Book of Coursing
759:
573:
506:
486:
447:
177:
95:
29:
18:
3508:. Northern Ireland Environment Agency. 2009-09-10. Archived from
1258:. London ; New York : Longmans, Green. pp. 142–164
974:
Conservation ecology of the Irish hare (Lepus timidus hibernicus)
2394:"Regulamento Lei de Bases Gerais Da Caça, article 84 Portuguese"
1016:
Greyhound Nation: A Coevolutionary History of England, 1200–1900
1010:
The Greyhound and the Hare: A history of the breed and the sport
735:. Coursing is sometimes defended on this basis, even though the
459:
431:
393:
since 1916. Because hares are not plentiful in all parts of the
49:
2396:(in Portuguese). Procuradoria-Geral Distrital de Lisboa. 2005.
831:
2009 that hare coursing is still an illegal activity under the
3616:"Irish public want to see cruel sport of hare coursing banned"
3043:. North West League Against Cruel Sports. 2005. Archived from
1184:"Deerhounds Coursing Club, Evidence to Burns Inquiry, Annex 1"
3398:"No penalty for horse trainer who held 'hare coursing' event"
2473:. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. 2002. Archived from
83:
with betting, and laws passed that have banned the practice.
2254:. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Archived from
1669:. British Sighthound Field Association. 2008. Archived from
1159:"National Coursing Club Evidence to Burns Inquiry, part one"
779:, although Parliament created an exemption in 1921 from the
3225:. Joint Nature Conservation Committee. 1995. Archived from
2282:. National Open Field Coursing Association. December 2005.
2171:. National Open Field Coursing Association. Archived from
3643:. Suffolk Constabulary. February 24, 2015. Archived from
3618:. League Against Cruel Sports. 2007-03-05. Archived from
2420:"The Nobreza Hunting em Samora Correia In Samora Correia"
2025:. Greyhound Racing Association of America. Archived from
86:
In recent decades, controversy has developed around hare
1090:. Baldwin & Cradock: 5. November 1832 – April 1833.
462:. It takes place with up to four dogs chasing the hare.
350:). The sighthound is released elsewhere by the handler.
2684:. Archives in London and the M25 area. September 2003.
2538:
McGehee, Y. (January–March 2006). "Russian Hunt Trip".
2523:
Clark, R. (October–December 2005). "The Russian Hunt".
987:
Factors associated with hare mortality during coursing.
826:, which banned hare coursing as well as other forms of
771:
tried and failed to ban hare coursing in 1969 and 1975.
408:
rules have made it compulsory for the greyhounds to be
3722:. Assembly Committee on Appropriations. Archived from
1750:
Saluki or Gazelle Hound Club Coursing Section (2000).
1642:"Renewed Call for Humane Alternative to Hare Coursing"
710:
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
473:, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming but illegal in
2499:"WSPA Reveals Hanging Horror of Spain's Hunting Dogs"
2471:"FCI-Standard N° 285/24.05.2002/GB Spanish Greyhound"
389:) and Irish coursing which has been organised by the
282:
Hare coursing was banned in England and Wales by the
224:
and this name was used for such events in Australia.
130:, circa 180 AD and is known in Ancient Greek as
2833:
Committee of Inquiry into Hunting with Dogs (1999).
1341:"02 Jun 1877 – COURSING NOTES FROM ENGLAND. – Trove"
951:(1st ed.). Arvada, Colo.: D. R. Hoflin, 1977 (1996).
2709:. League Against Cruel Sports. 2006. Archived from
549:), and closed (park) coursing where it is known as
465:The legality of hare coursing across the different
106:, it is a regulated and judged, competitive sport.
16:
Competitive activity where sighthounds pursue hares
2585:. History Trust of South Australia. Archived from
2048:"Greyhound History in the 18th and 19th Centuries"
1209:https://archive.org/details/turbervilesbooke00turb
1012:Charles Blanning, The National Coursing Club, 2018
669:coursing, the delay is likely to be even longer".
212:The first modern coursing club was established at
3506:"Minister extends measures to protect Irish Hare"
2922:"Report on Wexford Coursing event, December 2003"
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1644:. Irish Council Against Bloodsports. 2004-02-04.
997:Reid, Neil, Ciarán Magee, and W. Ian Montgomery.
3369:"Two convicted on Norfolk hare coursing charges"
2446:"Spanish racers hang greyhounds at season's end"
2229:. Stop2110 pro coursing campaign. Archived from
1228:Encyclopedia of Traditional British Rural Sports
985:Reid, N., R. A. McDonald, and W. I. Montgomery.
2580:"Gone to the Dogs: coursing in South Australia"
1944:
1942:
1508:"Rural and Urban Poaching in Victorian England"
594:
60:, which chase the hare by sight, not by scent.
2160:
2158:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1728:. Borzoi Club of America. 1998. Archived from
1484:. Battersea Dogs and Cats Home. Archived from
3590:. League Against Cruel Sports. Archived from
2136:Bartel, S.; Mott, E.; Mott, C.; Johnston, S.
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
1906:O'Reilly, M (2008-02-10). "Countryfile". BBC.
8:
3310:"Wilson tried to save pint and curry favour"
3196:Evans, J.; Hegdal, P.; Griffith, R. (1970).
3101:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2649:. University of Chicago Press. p. 121.
2310:. National Open Field Coursing Association.
2221:
2219:
2217:
1877:. House of Lords. 2003-10-28. Archived from
822:. In 2004 the British Parliament passed the
613:was established in 1924 to campaign against
382:, together holding 80–85 meetings per year.
2759:. Irish Council Against Bloodsports. 2003.
2501:. Business Wire. 2002-04-29. Archived from
2335:. Sindh Wildlife Department. Archived from
541:According to the UK Government review, the
3223:"UK Biodiversity Action Plan – brown hare"
3012:"Hansard, Standing Committee F column 200"
640:Universities Federation for Animal Welfare
3668:"I-Team Uncovers Blood Sport In Bay Area"
3641:"Vehicle seized after hare coursing call"
3248:"Hunting Hearings, minutes of session 1B"
2333:"Sind Wildlife Protection Ordinance 1972"
1720:
1718:
1619:. American Sighthound Field Association.
816:Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act
737:US Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife
717:Irish National Parks and Wildlife Service
673:Welfare arguments in Irish-style coursing
3174:. California Department of Agriculture.
1585:
1583:
1446:Gambling and Problem Gambling in Britain
1220:
1218:
1216:
2952:
2950:
2948:
1776:National Whippet Coursing Club (2000).
1308:. Oxford University Press. p. 60.
1305:Sport and the British: A Modern History
1152:
1071:
634:Until the 1970s, there was a dearth of
3585:"Coursing poll in Republic of Ireland"
3094:
2891:"Stress and Capture Myopathy in Hares"
2138:"Greyhound Coursing and Lure Coursing"
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
842:No formal coursing has taken place in
3083:from the original on January 10, 2016
2989:. Irish Council Against Bloodsports.
2987:"Video presentations – hare coursing"
2962:"Evidence to Burns Inquiry, part two"
2616:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 137.
2360:. Provincial Assembly of the Punjab.
2023:"The Most Exciting Dogs in the World"
787:, for animals released for coursing.
191:Emily Cecil, Marchioness of Salisbury
7:
3198:"Methods of Controlling Jackrabbits"
3151:from the original on January 5, 2016
2199:. Animal Place. 2006. Archived from
1918:"Thousands to attend coursing event"
1506:Osborne, H.; Winstanley, M. (2006).
1118:. Dansey, William. J. Bohn. p.
733:California Department of Agriculture
731:– a view taken, for example, by the
3170:Salmon, T. P.; et al. (2002).
2732:"End of the road for hare coursing"
2140:. Helios Greyhounds. Archived from
1351:from the original on 22 August 2016
162:, an English clergyman, translated
3694:"Coursing Banned In Solano County"
3124:from the original on April 8, 2009
1703:from the original on 4 August 2017
1563:"Crackdown on hare coursing gangs"
1046:Twenty Two Waterloo Cups 1981-2005
207:Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
90:, with some viewing it as a cruel
14:
3531:"Assembly move over coursing ban"
3423:"TV chef admits hunting offences"
3116:Bocquet, K. (February 25, 2003).
1726:"Open Field Coursing with Borzoi"
1278:"Original British Coursing Rules"
802:Under Wilson's premiership, the
150:'s classic work on that subject,
3118:"Waterloo Cup: The final stand?"
2308:"NOFCA coursing events, 2006–07"
2075:. University of Michigan. 2008.
1802:Deerhound Coursing Club (2000).
1691:Bawden, Tom (22 December 2015).
929:
818:, which banned hare coursing in
3541:from the original on 2017-07-21
3433:from the original on 2017-08-08
3320:from the original on 2014-09-20
3290:from the original on 2007-09-27
3204:from the original on 2009-04-07
3178:from the original on 2007-11-17
3172:"How to manage pests – rabbits"
3143:McNamee, M.S. (July 29, 2014).
3022:from the original on 2009-04-08
2993:from the original on 2008-02-26
2968:from the original on 2008-07-27
2903:from the original on 2008-02-26
2871:from the original on 2008-11-20
2807:MacDonald; et al. (2000).
2763:from the original on 2008-02-25
2738:from the original on 2008-03-09
2688:from the original on 2012-07-16
2663:from the original on 2021-10-20
2452:from the original on 2008-05-16
2426:from the original on 2007-06-11
2422:(in Portuguese). Gonçalves, M.
2400:from the original on 2009-04-08
2364:from the original on 2008-05-03
2314:from the original on 2016-01-10
2289:from the original on 2016-01-10
2252:"Hunting Season dates, 2007–08"
2166:"American Coursing rules, 2005"
2118:from the original on 2007-09-27
2079:from the original on 2011-05-21
2054:from the original on 2008-07-24
2050:. Gulf Coast Greyhounds. 2006.
1989:from the original on 2007-12-18
1928:from the original on 2021-10-20
1648:from the original on 2007-11-17
1623:from the original on 2008-05-09
1544:from the original on 2020-09-23
1463:from the original on 2021-10-20
1449:. Psychology Press. p. 4.
1390:from the original on 2021-10-20
1322:from the original on 2021-10-20
1284:from the original on 2007-04-10
1112:Arrian, William Dansey (1831).
1094:from the original on 2021-10-20
894:, and California Assemblywoman
578:A hare caught by two greyhounds
417:Variations in the United States
370:, with the national meeting in
201:, was drawn up in the reign of
2540:Performance Sighthound Journal
2525:Performance Sighthound Journal
2009:Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 30
785:Protection of Animals Act 1911
290:Description of formal coursing
1:
3566:. League Against Cruel Sports
3041:"Report on 2005 Waterloo Cup"
2682:"League Against Cruel Sports"
1231:. Routledge. pp. 78–79.
1186:. Defra. 2000. Archived from
978:Queen's University of Belfast
537:Variations in other countries
2613:Shakespeare Problem Restated
1617:"The Sport of Lure Coursing"
810:to become law. In 2002, the
723:Conservation or pest control
715:During the 2013 season, the
366:Hare coursing is popular in
3696:. ABC7 News. Archived from
3481:"Protection for Irish hare"
2835:"background to the inquiry"
1804:"Evidence to Burns Inquiry"
1778:"Evidence to Burns Inquiry"
919:League Against Cruel Sports
857:League Against Cruel Sports
611:League Against Cruel Sports
3780:
3280:"Final report, appendix 8"
1020:Cambridge University Press
914:Jackson v Attorney General
835:even if the dogs used are
266:
142:only knew the scent hunt;
3308:Bowcott, O (2005-12-29).
2896:. Irish Hare Initiative.
1853:10.1017/S0962728600027366
1667:"Lure Coursing Explained"
1527:10.1017/S0956793306001877
1422:10.1017/S0956793306001889
1376:. Routledge. p. 69.
849:Northern Ireland Assembly
799:joined in the criticism.
3720:"Bill Analysis, AB 2110"
3559:Brown, Millward (2006).
2927:. Duchas. Archived from
2444:Ross-Thomas, E. (2003).
1875:"Official Report, Lords"
531:white-tailed jackrabbits
3367:Hill, C. (2008-12-11).
2837:. Defra. Archived from
2811:. Defra. Archived from
2785:. Defra. Archived from
1979:"The sport of coursing"
1806:. Defra. Archived from
1780:. Defra. Archived from
1754:. Defra. Archived from
1594:. Defra. Archived from
1370:Metcalfe, Alan (2005).
1161:. Defra. Archived from
563:World Animal Protection
547:Prova de Galgos a Campo
527:black-tailed jackrabbit
397:, mainly due to modern
3752:Coursing (blood sport)
3670:. ABC7. Archived from
3561:"Hare Coursing Survey"
2958:National Coursing Club
2610:Greenwood, G. (2003).
1950:"Fixture list 2009/10"
1280:. Nachtmusik Afghans.
1060:18.6 (2023): e0286771
772:
751:Debate and legislation
599:
579:
399:agricultural practices
387:National Coursing Club
218:National Coursing Club
194:
187:John Francis Sartorius
42:
27:
2781:Kirkwood, J. (2000).
2643:Gates, B. T. (2002).
2233:on September 29, 2007
2203:on September 28, 2007
1157:Blanning, C. (2000).
1084:New Sporting Magazine
992:16.4 (2007): 427-434
763:
661:coursing, before the
582:As long ago as 1516,
577:
362:Variations in Ireland
222:Plumpton, East Sussex
181:
126:a Greek historian of
104:Western United States
33:
22:
2578:Donovan, P. (2007).
2197:"Key Talking Points"
2073:"Lepus californicus"
1881:on September 6, 2006
1124:arrian on coursing .
909:Countryside Alliance
892:the County concerned
855:commissioned by the
744:species action plans
183:Coursing at Hatfield
122:. It was written by
3647:on January 10, 2016
3373:Eastern Daily Press
2889:Rendle, M. (2006).
2841:on December 3, 2008
2757:"Ban hare coursing"
2734:. BBC. 2005-01-24.
2258:on January 19, 2008
1983:Irish Coursing Club
1954:Irish Coursing Club
1784:on December 1, 2008
1482:"Guide to lurchers"
1252:Watson, A. (1896).
1225:Martin, J. (2005).
883:In early 2006, the
861:Republic of Ireland
828:hunting with hounds
812:Scottish Parliament
636:scientific evidence
607:Lady Florence Dixie
428:Open field coursing
406:Irish Coursing Club
391:Irish Coursing Club
342:), usually between
316:Irish Coursing Club
193:riding side-saddle.
3692:Noyes, D. (2006).
3339:"Hunting Act 2004"
2277:"NOFCA Hound List"
1590:Tyler, A. (2000).
773:
684:veterinary surgeon
580:
195:
185:, an engraving by
48:is the pursuit of
43:
28:
3718:Long, G. (2006).
3666:Noyes, D (2006).
3147:. Thejournal.ie.
2656:978-0-226-28446-0
2623:978-0-7661-4262-6
2227:"FAQ on coursing"
1567:Lincolnshire Echo
1456:978-1-58391-923-1
1383:978-0-415-35697-8
1315:978-0-19-285229-8
1302:Holt, R. (1989).
1276:Duke of Norfolk.
1238:978-0-415-35224-6
1040:10.1 (2020): 163.
1004:55 (2010): 61-71
1002:Acta Theriologica
783:legislation, the
655:England and Wales
630:Welfare arguments
395:island of Ireland
243:Informal coursing
216:in 1776, and the
199:Laws of the Leash
35:Coursing the hare
3769:
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3458:. Archived from
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3375:. Archived from
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3345:. Archived from
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2815:on April 7, 2009
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2789:on April 7, 2009
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2013:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
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1969:
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1965:
1960:on March 8, 2009
1956:. Archived from
1946:
1937:
1936:
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1908:
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1810:on April 7, 2009
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1758:on April 7, 2009
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1190:on April 7, 2009
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1165:on April 7, 2009
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1127:
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1103:
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1076:
1018:Edmund Russell,
934:
933:
844:Northern Ireland
833:Hunting Act 2004
804:House of Commons
793:Liverpool Walton
551:lebre a corricão
467:states of the US
380:Northern Ireland
376:County Tipperary
349:
345:
284:Hunting Act 2004
278:Illegal coursing
237:greyhound racing
134:and in Latin as
128:the Roman period
81:greyhound racing
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2716:
2714:
2707:"Hare coursing"
2705:
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2554:"Coursing Info"
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2029:on June 4, 2008
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1080:"The greyhound"
1078:
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1032:Kelly, Andrew.
947:Copold, Steve.
944:
942:Further reading
936:Dogs portal
928:
905:
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876:
767:Prime Minister
758:
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328:driven coursing
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174:Formal coursing
112:
26:coursing a hare
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3537:. 2010-06-23.
3522:
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3429:. 2009-09-01.
3414:
3402:Yorkshire Post
3389:
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3188:
3162:
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3018:. 2003-01-14.
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2418:Gonçalves, M.
2410:
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2089:
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2014:
1999:
1970:
1938:
1924:. 2008-02-03.
1909:
1891:
1866:
1847:(4): 427–434.
1841:Animal Welfare
1820:
1794:
1768:
1742:
1714:
1683:
1658:
1633:
1608:
1579:
1554:
1521:(2): 187–212.
1498:
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1416:(2): 213–234.
1400:
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1175:
1128:
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1028:978-0521762090
1013:
1007:
995:
990:Animal Welfare
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603:animal welfare
571:
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559:Spanish galgos
538:
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529:. Coursing of
418:
415:
363:
360:
291:
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267:Main article:
264:
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244:
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175:
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160:William Dansey
140:Ancient Greeks
111:
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39:Francis Barlow
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
3775:
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3726:on 2009-04-07
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3700:on 2009-04-07
3699:
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3688:
3685:
3674:on 2012-08-17
3673:
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3636:
3633:
3622:on 2011-07-22
3621:
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3597:on 2009-04-27
3593:
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3512:on 2011-09-07
3511:
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3487:on 2007-10-11
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3379:on 2009-04-07
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3289:
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3260:on 2008-02-26
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3061:
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3047:on 2008-05-09
3046:
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3007:
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2934:on 2009-04-27
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2713:on 2007-12-12
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2606:
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2592:on 2008-07-26
2588:
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2560:on 2008-04-20
2559:
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2534:
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2526:
2519:
2516:
2505:on 2009-04-07
2504:
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2480:on 2009-02-25
2476:
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2339:on 2008-06-15
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2198:
2192:
2189:
2178:on 2016-01-10
2174:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2144:on 2007-11-11
2143:
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2132:
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2117:
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2003:
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1809:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1769:
1757:
1753:
1746:
1743:
1732:on 2008-02-24
1731:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1673:on 2008-04-08
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1598:on 2009-05-12
1597:
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1568:
1564:
1558:
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1540:
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1520:
1516:
1515:Rural History
1509:
1502:
1499:
1488:on 2007-11-23
1487:
1483:
1477:
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1462:
1458:
1452:
1448:
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1415:
1411:
1410:Rural History
1404:
1401:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1363:
1350:
1346:
1342:
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984:
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971:
968:
967:0-944383-49-1
964:
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946:
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917:
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900:
897:
893:
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886:
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874:United States
873:
871:
869:
864:
862:
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854:
853:Opinion polls
850:
845:
840:
838:
834:
829:
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821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
797:Harold Wilson
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
770:
769:Harold Wilson
766:
762:
755:
750:
748:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
722:
720:
718:
713:
711:
706:
705:Burns Inquiry
701:
694:
692:
688:
685:
681:
672:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
648:back injuries
645:
644:Burns Inquiry
641:
637:
629:
627:
624:
620:
619:Morden Common
616:
612:
608:
604:
598:
593:
591:
590:
585:
576:
569:
567:
564:
560:
556:
555:open coursing
552:
548:
544:
543:Burns Inquiry
536:
534:
532:
528:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:Massachusetts
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
463:
461:
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453:
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289:
287:
285:
277:
275:
270:
269:Lure coursing
263:Lure coursing
262:
260:
258:
254:
250:
242:
240:
238:
233:
231:
230:working class
225:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
205:reputedly by
204:
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192:
188:
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70:
66:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:Hare coursing
40:
36:
32:
25:
21:
3757:Hare hunting
3739:
3728:. Retrieved
3724:the original
3713:
3702:. Retrieved
3698:the original
3687:
3676:. Retrieved
3672:the original
3661:
3651:December 24,
3649:. Retrieved
3645:the original
3635:
3624:. Retrieved
3620:the original
3610:
3599:. Retrieved
3592:the original
3579:
3568:. Retrieved
3554:
3543:. Retrieved
3534:
3525:
3514:. Retrieved
3510:the original
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3489:. Retrieved
3485:the original
3475:
3464:. Retrieved
3460:the original
3446:
3435:. Retrieved
3426:
3417:
3406:. Retrieved
3404:. 2009-07-29
3401:
3392:
3381:. Retrieved
3377:the original
3372:
3362:
3351:. Retrieved
3347:the original
3333:
3322:. Retrieved
3314:The Guardian
3313:
3303:
3292:. Retrieved
3273:
3262:. Retrieved
3255:the original
3242:
3231:. Retrieved
3227:the original
3217:
3206:. Retrieved
3191:
3180:. Retrieved
3165:
3155:December 14,
3153:. Retrieved
3138:
3128:December 24,
3126:. Retrieved
3111:
3087:December 24,
3085:. Retrieved
3060:
3049:. Retrieved
3045:the original
3035:
3024:. Retrieved
3006:
2995:. Retrieved
2981:
2970:. Retrieved
2936:. Retrieved
2929:the original
2916:
2905:. Retrieved
2884:
2873:. Retrieved
2854:
2843:. Retrieved
2839:the original
2828:
2817:. Retrieved
2813:the original
2802:
2791:. Retrieved
2787:the original
2776:
2765:. Retrieved
2751:
2740:. Retrieved
2726:
2715:. Retrieved
2711:the original
2701:
2690:. Retrieved
2676:
2665:. Retrieved
2645:
2638:
2627:. Retrieved
2612:
2605:
2594:. Retrieved
2587:the original
2573:
2562:. Retrieved
2558:the original
2548:
2539:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:the original
2493:
2482:. Retrieved
2475:the original
2465:
2454:. Retrieved
2439:
2428:. Retrieved
2413:
2402:. Retrieved
2388:
2377:
2366:. Retrieved
2352:
2341:. Retrieved
2337:the original
2327:
2316:. Retrieved
2302:
2291:. Retrieved
2271:
2260:. Retrieved
2256:the original
2246:
2235:. Retrieved
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2205:. Retrieved
2201:the original
2191:
2180:. Retrieved
2173:the original
2146:. Retrieved
2142:the original
2131:
2120:. Retrieved
2081:. Retrieved
2067:
2056:. Retrieved
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:the original
2017:
2008:
2002:
1991:. Retrieved
1973:
1962:. Retrieved
1958:the original
1930:. Retrieved
1921:
1912:
1883:. Retrieved
1879:the original
1869:
1844:
1840:
1812:. Retrieved
1808:the original
1797:
1786:. Retrieved
1782:the original
1771:
1760:. Retrieved
1756:the original
1745:
1734:. Retrieved
1730:the original
1705:. Retrieved
1696:
1686:
1675:. Retrieved
1671:the original
1661:
1650:. Retrieved
1636:
1625:. Retrieved
1611:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1571:. Retrieved
1569:. 2008-01-30
1566:
1557:
1546:. Retrieved
1518:
1514:
1501:
1490:. Retrieved
1486:the original
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1445:
1438:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1392:. Retrieved
1372:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1345:Australasian
1344:
1335:
1324:. Retrieved
1304:
1297:
1286:. Retrieved
1271:
1260:. Retrieved
1254:
1247:
1227:
1203:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1178:
1167:. Retrieved
1163:the original
1123:
1114:
1107:
1096:. Retrieved
1087:
1083:
1074:
1055:
1052:
1051:Reid, Neil.
1045:
1037:
1033:
1015:
1009:
1001:
998:
989:
986:
973:
972:Reid, Neil.
958:
955:M. H. Salmon
948:
896:Loni Hancock
882:
865:
841:
801:
774:
741:
726:
714:
702:
698:
689:
676:
666:
662:
658:
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633:
623:Waterloo Cup
617:coursing on
600:
595:
587:
581:
554:
550:
546:
540:
523:
464:
427:
426:Greyhounds.
420:
403:
384:
365:
352:
348:80–100 yards
344:70–90 metres
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
293:
281:
272:
249:pest control
246:
234:
226:
211:
198:
196:
182:
168:
163:
155:
151:
146:complements
143:
135:
131:
119:
117:
113:
85:
73:pest control
62:
45:
44:
34:
2448:. Reuters.
1115:On coursing
957:("Dutch").
824:Hunting Act
814:passed the
789:Eric Heffer
605:. In 1892,
584:Thomas More
570:Controversy
432:jackrabbits
203:Elizabeth I
164:On Coursing
152:Cynegeticus
144:On Coursing
136:Cynegeticus
132:Kynegetikos
120:On Coursing
58:sighthounds
3746:Categories
3730:2008-06-14
3704:2008-02-11
3678:2008-02-11
3626:2011-01-05
3601:2008-02-21
3570:2008-02-11
3545:2018-06-20
3516:2009-09-11
3491:2008-02-11
3466:2008-02-11
3437:2009-09-01
3408:2009-07-29
3383:2008-12-11
3353:2008-02-12
3324:2008-04-13
3316:. London.
3294:2008-02-11
3264:2008-02-21
3233:2008-02-11
3208:2008-02-21
3182:2008-02-11
3051:2008-02-11
3026:2008-02-17
2997:2008-02-11
2972:2009-08-18
2938:2008-02-21
2907:2008-02-21
2875:2009-08-18
2845:2008-02-12
2819:2008-02-11
2793:2008-04-10
2767:2008-02-18
2742:2008-02-17
2717:2008-02-11
2692:2008-02-17
2667:2008-06-14
2629:2008-02-20
2596:2008-03-24
2564:2008-02-21
2509:2008-06-14
2484:2008-06-14
2456:2008-02-13
2430:2008-02-11
2404:2008-06-15
2368:2008-03-27
2343:2008-03-28
2318:2007-02-25
2293:2008-02-21
2262:2008-02-11
2237:2008-02-01
2207:2008-02-11
2182:2008-02-21
2148:2008-02-11
2122:2008-02-11
2083:2008-04-10
2058:2008-04-04
2033:2008-06-14
1993:2008-02-16
1964:2009-09-11
1932:2008-02-15
1885:2008-02-27
1814:2008-02-11
1788:2008-02-11
1762:2008-06-22
1736:2008-02-11
1677:2008-04-12
1652:2008-02-18
1627:2008-06-14
1602:2008-02-18
1573:2009-08-18
1548:2020-06-05
1492:2008-02-17
1467:2008-06-21
1394:2008-08-06
1326:2020-06-05
1288:2008-02-11
1262:2009-04-12
1194:2008-04-10
1169:2008-02-11
1098:2008-02-21
1067:References
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879:California
777:Parliament
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456:New Mexico
436:California
424:Gulf Coast
312:Deerhounds
296:greyhounds
189:, depicts
156:On Hunting
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680:myopathy
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