451:, he was very close to the front, and ferried wounded soldiers from the front lines to rear areas for three days without relief. On November 22, 1917, as Crosby and his best friend, Way "Spud" Spaulding, and another friend, Ben Weeden, were transporting several wounded soldiers to a medical aid station, Crosby's Ambulance 741 was hit by an artillery shell that landed 10 feet (3.0 m) away, sending shrapnel ripping through the vehicle, completely destroying it. Miraculously, Crosby was unhurt, but Spaulding, following close behind in another ambulance, was struck in the chest by shrapnel. Crosby and Weeden were able to transport him to a hospital. After leaving Spaulding at the hospital in Beaulieu and returning to the aid station, Crosby was seen running in circles, lap after lap, without apparent purpose. Crosby declared later that that was the night he changed from a boy to a man. From that moment on, he never feared death. Spaulding was in intensive care for three months and was released from the hospital after six months.
776:. Constance did not care what others thought about her. She loved anything risky and was addicted to gambling. Crosby nicknamed her the "Lady of the Golden Horse". She began a sexual relationship with Crosby that continued for several months. Harry rationalized their affair, telling Constance "One should follow every instinct no matter where it leads." But Crosby would not leave Caresse nor did Constance ask this of him. When Constance received a letter from Caresse who confessed that her affair with her husband had made her "very miserable", Constance wrote Harry and told him she would not see him any more. Harry was devastated by her decision. "Your letter was bar none the worst blow I have ever received...I wouldn't leave her under any circumstances nor as you say would you ever marry me." The three remained close friends, and on October 1, 1924, Constance married the Count Pierre de Jumilhac, although the marriage lasted only five years.
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which to play donkey polo and a small swimming pool. The millstream had slowed to a trickle. Inside the mill, Caresse converted the old washrooms and cellars into a large kitchen. The ground floor of the central mill tower served as a dining room, where guests sat on logs cut from the neighboring woods. The mill also contained a solid brass marine cannon that was rolled out for special guests, who were announced with a loud report. A whitewashed wall near the stairway served as a guest book. It was signed by many guests who included D. H. Lawrence,
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nose was plastered in. Blood was streaming all over. Under his eyes the skin was just dead blue...It took us an hour driving between two or three miles per hour to get him to his destination. Of course he couldn't yell as his mouth or what was left of it was a mere mass of pulp. For a while I was afraid our ambulance was to be turned into a hearse, but he was still alive when we got him there. Of course in typical French fashion the doctors held their usual debate of questioning whether it was the right hospital or where his papers were.
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his mother's apartment, whose studio Crosby was known to use for his trysts. He agreed to check his studio. Mortimer had to enlist help to break open the locked door and found Crosby and
Josephine's bodies. Crosby was in bed with a .25 calibre bullet hole in his right temple next to Josephine, who had a matching hole in her left temple, in what appeared to be a suicide pact. Crosby was still clutching the Belgian automatic pistol in one hand, Josephine in the other.
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Polly would not respond to his demands, Crosby threatened suicide if Polly did not marry him. Polly's husband
Richard Peabody was in and out of sanatoriums several times fighting alcoholism. In June 1921, she formally separated from him. Later that winter, Polly accepted weekend visits from Crosby, who took the midnight train home to Boston afterward. In December, Polly's husband Richard offered to divorce her, and in February 1922, their marriage was legally ended.
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1141:. He recited the excesses typified by Crosby's extravagant lifestyle as evidence of the shallowness of society during that era. When he edited and reissued the book in 1951, he softened his opinion of Crosby somewhat. "I had written at length about the life of Harry Crosby, who I scarcely know," he wrote, "in order to avoid discussing the more recent death of Hart Crane, whom I know so well that I couldn't bear to write about him."
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511:. During dinner, Crosby never spoke to the girl on his left, breaking decorum. By some accounts, Crosby fell in love with the buxom Mrs. Peabody in about two hours, confessing his love for her in the Tunnel of Love at the amusement park. Two weeks later, they went to church together in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts and spent the night together. Their public relationship was a scandal among blue-blood Boston.
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Crosby's poetry possibly gave the best clue to his motives. Death was "the hand that opens the door to our cage the home we instinctively fly to." His death mortified proper society. Crosby's biographer
Geoffrey Wolff wrote, "He had meant to do it; it was no mistake; it was not a joke. If anything of
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As I sat there looking at his corpse, seating myself where I wouldn't have to see the horrible hole in back of his ear, I kept saying to him: you poor, damned, dumb bastard. He was the most literary man I ever met, despite the fact that he'd not yet become what you'd call a Writer. I never met anyone
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On the evening of the play, December 10, 1929, Caresse, Crosby's mother
Henrietta Grew, and Hart Crane met for dinner before the play, but Crosby did not show up, which was uncharacteristic of him as it was not like him to needlessly cause Caresse to worry. She called their friend Stanley Mortimer at
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in Le
Bourget, where Cartier-Bresson's air squadron commandant had placed him under house arrest for hunting without a license. Crosby persuaded the officer to release Cartier-Bresson into his custody for a few days. The two men had an interest in photography, and Henry presented Henri with his first
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Crosby spent hours sunbathing naked atop the mill's turret. Contrary to fashion of the day, he did not wear a hat. He often wore a black carnation in his lapel, and was known to color his finger- and toenails. Crosby once hired four horse-drawn carriages and raced them through the Paris streets. They
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Crosby developed an obsessive fascination with imagery centering on the sun. His poetry and journals often focused on the sun, a symbol to him of perfection, enthusiasm, freedom, heat, and destruction. Crosby claimed to be a "sun worshiper in love with death." He often added a doodle of a "black sun"
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His inheritance, multiplied by the favorable exchange rate the
American dollar enjoyed in postwar Europe, allowed them to indulge in an extravagant expatriate lifestyle. Crosby's trust fund provided them with US$ 12,000 per year (or $ 212,930 in today's dollars). Still, Crosby repeatedly overdrew his
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Polly and Crosby purchased their first race horse in June 1924, and then two more in April 1925. At the end of 1924, Crosby persuaded Polly to formally change her first name to
Caresse, as he felt Polly was too prim and proper for his wife. They briefly considered Clytoris before deciding on Caresse.
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After returning from World War I, Crosby attended
Harvard University in the spring of 1919 under an accelerated program for veterans. He took 19 courses, six in French (which he read and spoke fluently) and six in English literature. The remainder of his courses were in fine arts, music, Spanish, and
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I saw the most gruesome sight I've ever seen. Lying on a blood-stained brancard was a man—not older than twenty I afterwards ascertained—suffering the agonies of hell. His whole right cheek was completely shot away so you could see all the insides of his face. He had no jaws, teeth, or lips left. His
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In late 1928, they secured a 20-year lease on a medieval mill outside of Paris in
Ermenonville for living quarters, which they named Le Moulin du Soleil ("The Mill of the Sun"). It had three old stone buildings, no electricity or telephone, and a single bathroom. The Crosbys added a racing course on
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On August 23–25, 1918, during a battle near Orme, his section (Section
Sanitaire 641, attached to the 120th French Division) evacuated more than 2000 wounded and was cited for bravery in the field while under heavy German bombardment. Crosby became in 1919 one of the youngest Americans to be awarded
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Crosby as a poet was never more than a minor literary figure while he lived, and was remembered more for his scandalous suicide over his creative efforts. He has greater importance as a co-founder of the Black Sun Press, which Caresse continued to operate after his death. She also established, with
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Gretchen Powell had lunch with Crosby the day of his death. Her memory of the luncheon supported the notion that Josephine was one of Crosby's many passing fancies. She related that Crosby had told her, "the Rotch girl was pestering him; he was exasperated; she had threatened to kill herself in the
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Mary (or Polly as she was called) divorced her alcoholic husband and to her family's dismay married Crosby. Two days later they left for Europe, where they devoted themselves to art and poetry. Both enjoyed a decadent lifestyle, drinking, smoking opium regularly, traveling frequently, and having an
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During 1929, Crosby wired his father, an investment banker, several times asking him to put more money from his inheritance into his account. In January, he asked his father to sell $ 4,000 ($ 70,977 today) worth "to make up for past extravagances in New York" In May, he noted in his diary that he
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Josephine and Crosby had an ongoing affair until June 21, 1929, when she married Albert Smith Bigelow. Their affair was over—until August, when Josephine contacted Crosby and they rekindled the affair as her husband became a first- year graduate student of architecture at Harvard. Unlike his wife
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They met for sex as often as her eight days in Venice would allow. He later called her the "Youngest Princess of the Sun" and the "Fire Princess". She was also from a prominent Boston family which first settled in Provincetown, Massachusetts in 1690. Josephine inspired Crosby's next collection of
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of expatriate Americans disillusioned by the loss of life in World War I and the moral and social values of their parents' generation. Crosby continued his work at Morgan, Harjes et Cie, the Morgan family's bank in Paris. They found an apartment at 12, Quai d'Orléans overlooking the Seine, on the
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She was 28, six years older than Crosby, with two small children, and married. No matter what Crosby tried, Polly would not divorce Richard and marry him. Crosby took a job in Boston at the Shawmut National Bank, a job he disliked, and took the train to visit Polly in New York. In May 1921, when
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in 1931. She also published and translated some of the works of Hemingway, Faulkner, and Dorothy Parker, among others. The Black Sun Press enjoyed the greatest longevity among the several expatriate presses founded in Paris during the 1920s. Through 1936, it published nearly three times as many
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He had one sister, Katherine Schuyler Crosby, nicknamed Kitsa, who was born in 1901. They moved shortly after his birth to an estate that had, among other things, a dance floor that could accommodate 150 people. His mother instilled in him a love for poetry. He tossed water bombs off the upper
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Mobs for luncheon—poets and painters and pederasts and divorcées and Christ knows who and there was a great signing of names on the wall at the foot of the stairs and a firing off of the cannon and bottle after bottle of red wine and Kay Boyle made fun of Hart Crane and he was angry and flung
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Crosby wrote many letters home during the two years he was in France. Originally convinced that God had "ordained the war" to cleanse the world, his early reports home were good-spirited. Over time, however, he began to describe the horror of trench warfare and awful scenes of dead and dying
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He yearned, though, to escape the rigidity of everyday life in Boston. His experience in France made it unbearable to live among what he called "dreary, drearier, dreariest Boston" and to put up with "Boston virgins who are brought up among sexless surroundings, who wear canvas drawers and
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front page blared, "COUPLE SHOT DEAD IN ARTISTS' HOTEL; Suicide Compact Is Indicated Between Henry Grew Crosby and Harvard Man's Wife. BUT MOTIVE IS UNKNOWN. He Was Socially Prominent in Boston—Bodies Found in Friend's Suite." The New York newspapers decided it was a murder-suicide.
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Crosby met Ernest Hemingway on a skiing trip to Gstaad in 1926. In July 1927, Crosby and Hemingway visited Pamplona for the running of the bulls. Crosby wrote of Hemingway that "H. could drink us under the table." Harry and Caresse published the Paris edition of Hemingway's
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During 1931 and 1932, Caresse collaborated with Harry's mother Henrietta to publish letters he had written to his family while serving in France from the summer of 1917 until he returned home in 1919. Henrietta added a chronology and brief preface to the letters. The book
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One year, Caresse arrived topless riding a baby elephant and wearing a turquoise wig. The motif for the ball that year was Inca, and Crosby dressed for the occasion, covering himself in red ochre and wearing nothing but a loincloth and a necklace of dead pigeons.
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On December 9, Josephine, who instead of returning to Boston, had stayed with one of her bridesmaids in New York, sent a 36-line poem to Harry Crosby, who was staying with Caresse at the Savoy-Plaza Hotel. The last line of the poem read "Death is our marriage".
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I remember two strong young men stark naked wrestling on the floor for the honor of dancing with a young girl...and I remember a mad student drinking champagne out of a skull which he had pilfered from my Library as I had pilfered it a year ago from the
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The deaths polarized the several prominent families affected. The Rotch family considered Josephine's death to be murder. Josephine's erstwhile husband Albert Bigelow blamed Crosby for "seducing his wife and murdering her because he couldn't have her."
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They printed, on high-quality paper, limited quantities of meticulously produced, hand-manufactured books. Publishing in Paris during the 1920s and 1930s put the company at the crossroads for many American writers who were living abroad. In 1928, as
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They took extended traveling tours. In January 1925, they traveled to North Africa, where they first smoked opium, a habit to which they returned often. Crosby had tattoos on the soles of his feet—a cross on one and a pagan sun symbol on the other.
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camera. They spent their time together taking and printing pictures at Crosby's home, Le Moulin du Soleil. Cartier-Bresson was attracted to Caresse and began a sexual relationship with her that lasted until 1931, two years after Harry's suicide.
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social ethics. Taking his studies very lightly, he thought he was going to fail, and paid a knowledgeable man who was familiar with what questions would be asked on the examinations to tutor him. He graduated with a bachelor of arts in 1921.
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Books printed by the Black Sun Press are valued by collectors. Each book was hand-designed, beautifully printed, and illustrated with elegant typeface. A rare volume published by the Black Sun Press of Hart Crane's book-length poem
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Harry and Caresse decided on an open marriage and had several lovers. He became legendary for his seductive abilities in some social circles in Paris, maintaining relationships with a variety of beautiful and doting young women.
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was signed, Crosby, like every other soldier, was anxious to go home, but waited for more than a month for orders. He wrote his mother, asking her to get "Uncle Jack" J.P. Morgan to intervene on his behalf. During the war,
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flat-heeled shoes." He wanted to escape "the horrors of Boston and particularly of Boston virgins." Any sense of propriety was wiped out by a lust for living in the moment, forgetting all risks and possible consequences.
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Profoundly affected by his experience in World War I, Crosby vowed to live life on his own terms and abandoned all pretense of living the expected life of a privileged Bostonian. In 1920 he met Mrs. Richard Peabody (née
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and decadent life, including an open marriage and numerous affairs. They drank "oceans of champagne" and used opium, cocaine, and hashish. They wrote a mutual suicide pact and carried cremation instructions with them.
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After their first year in Paris, Polly shipped her children off to boarding schools in Gstaad. At the end of 1923, Crosby quit Morgan, Harjes et Cie and devoted himself to the life of a poet, and later, publisher.
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Harry Crosby commands respect, perhaps even awe, it was the unswerving character of his intention." Crosby's death, given the macabre circumstances under which it occurred, scandalized Boston's Back Bay society.
534:. Crosby already spoke and read fluent French and moved to Paris in May. Polly preceded him there, but returned to the United States in July, angry and jealous. On September 2, 1922, Crosby proposed to Polly via
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had loaned $ 1.5 billion dollars (about $ 26.62 billion in today's dollars) to the Allies to fight against the Germans. On March 21, 1919, Crosby left Brest for Boston via Philadelphia and arrived home a hero.
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to his signature which also included an arrow, jutting upward from the "y" in Crosby's last name and aiming toward the center of the sun's circle: "a phallic thrust received by a welcoming erogenous zone."
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The steamship tickets he had bought that morning for the return to Europe with Caresse were in his pocket. The coroner also found in his pocket a cable from Josephine addressed to Crosby on the RMS
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After eight months at the Shawmut National Bank, Crosby got drunk for six days and resigned on March 14, 1922. Crosby's uncle, J. P. Morgan, Jr., agreed to provide a position for Crosby in Paris at
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On the same day, Harry Crosby wrote his final entry in his journal: "One is not in love unless one desires to die with one's beloved. There is only one happiness it is to love and to be loved."
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I am having an affair with a girl I met (not introduced) at the Lido. She is twenty and has charm and is called Josephine. I like girls when they are very young before they have any minds.
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Crosby suggesting that her new name "begin with a C to go with Crosby and it must form a cross with mine." The two names intersected at right angles at the common "R," "the Crosby cross."
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On July 9, 1928, Crosby met 20-year-old Josephine Noyes Rotch, the daughter of Arthur and Helen Ludington Rotch of Boston. Ten years his junior, Josephine was shopping in Venice at the
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796:...and in a corner I watched two savages making love...and beside me sitting on the floor a plump woman with bare breasts absorbed in the passion of giving milk to one of the snakes!
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neighborhood. He was the product of generations of blue-blood English and Dutch American families, descended from the Van Rensselaers, Schuylers, Morgans, and Grews. His uncle was
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Caresse, Josephine was quarrelsome and prone to fits of jealousy. She bombarded Crosby with half-incoherent cables and letters, anxious to set the date for their next tryst.
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Crosby's wedding ring was found crushed on the floor, not on his finger, where he always promised Caresse it would remain. Caresse refused to witness the carnage and begged
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of Massachusetts at a second home in Manchester, about 25 miles (40 km) from Boston. His religious, affectionate mother loved nature and was one of the founders of the
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Crosby (born Henry Sturgis Crosby — his parents Stephen Van Rensslaer Crosby and Henrietta Marion Grew later changed his middle name to Grew) was born in Boston's exclusive
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938:. "She was dark and intense...since the season of her coming out in 1926-1927, she had been known around Boston as fast, a 'bad egg'...with a good deal of sex appeal."
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had sold another $ 4,000 worth of stock "to enjoy life when you can". In mid-July, drunk on sherry cobblers, he sent a cable to his father, who was not pleased by it:
417:(L-R) Philip ('the Vulture") Shepley, Harry Crosby, George Richmond ("Tote") Fearing, and Stuart Kaiser shortly after Armistice Day, 1919, displaying their decorations
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Embracing the open sexuality offered by Crosby and his wife Caresse, Henri Cartier-Bresson fell into an intense sexual relationship with her that lasted until 1931.
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When America officially entered the War, the American Ambulance Service corps was integrated into the U. S. Army Ambulance Corps and Crosby enlisted. During the
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In 1928, they found they enjoyed the reception their initial works received, and decided to expand the press to serve other authors, renaming the company the
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On November 19, 1925, Crosby and Polly rented a fashionable apartment on 19, Rue de Lille, where they remained for the rest of their time in Paris.
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and graduated from Lee School before she had attended Bryn Mawr College. After only two years at Bryn Mawr, she left because she planned to marry
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who was so imbued with literature; he was drowned in it. I think I'm close to deciding literature is the one thing never to be taken seriously...
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There was no suicide note, and newspapers ran sensational articles for many days about the murder or suicide pact—they could not decide which.
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On December 7, 1929, the lovers returned to New York, where Josephine said she was going to return to Boston and her husband. Crosby's friend
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into the fire because it contained a story of Kay Boyle's (he forgot it had a poem of his in it) and there was a tempest of drinking and polo
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On September 9, 1922, Crosby and Polly were married in the Municipal Building in New York City, and two days later they reboarded the RMS
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was published in a unnumbered edition of 125 copies. As of 2015, a leather-bound edition of the book was priced from $ 2,000 to $ 3,500.
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Jacques Porel, a side venture, Crosby Continental Editions, that published paperback books by Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, and
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Crosby's friend Crane committed suicide less than two years later. Malcolm Cowley, whom Crosby had published, wrote in his 1934 book
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Crosby experimented with photography and saw the medium as a viable art form before it was widely accepted as such. In 1929, he met
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in 2009 for US$ 21,250. In 2009, Neil Pearson, an antiquarian books expert, said "A Black Sun book is the literary equivalent of a
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Crosby also learned to fly solo in November 1929, when the aeroplane was so new that its spelling had not been agreed upon.
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in France. Writers whose works he later published also served in the ambulance corps, including Ernest Hemingway and
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They hosted wild parties at the mill, including drunken polo on donkeys, and entertained famous guests such as
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2514:. Special Collections Research Center, Morris Library, Southern Illinois University Carbondale. April 26, 1953
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The couple became known for hosting small dinner parties from their giant bed in their palatial townhouse on
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In a letter dated July 24, 1928, Crosby detailed the affair to his mother, in whom he had always confided:
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He numbered among his friends some of the most famous individuals of the early 20th century, including
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as Mr. and Mrs Harry Crane. For four days, they took meals in their room, smoked opium, and had sex.
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during World War I, and later served in the U.S. Ambulance Corps. He narrowly escaped with his life.
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2360:"McLean Arts & Books, The Fall of the House of Usher, Edgar Allan Poe, illustrated by Alastair"
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At age 19, like many young men of upper-crust American society, Crosby volunteered to serve in the
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in American literature. He was the son of one of the richest banking families in New England, a
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2501:, FamilySearch. Accessed 24 Feb 2014, 4632 - vol 10108-10109, Nov 20, 1929. Image 265 of 1108.
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Sylvia Beach and the Lost Generation: A History of Literary Paris in the Twenties and Thirties
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As such, he was heir to a portion of a substantial family fortune. He was a volunteer in the
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Their wildness was in full flower during the drunken orgies of the annual Four Arts Balls (
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In 1924, they rented an apartment in the Faubourg St. Germain for six months from Princess
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Medical Department of the United States Army in the World War Volume VIII Field Operations
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323:
272:
116:
2039:
1191:
Caresse Crosby edited and published Crosby's diaries and papers. She wrote and published
429:
2445:
2386:
1811:
1228:, a collection of Harry Crosby's poetry, was published by Soul Bay Press in April 2010.
552:
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759:
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In 1923, shortly after their arrival in Paris, Caresse introduced Crosby to her friend
641:
PLEASE SELL $ 10,000 WORTH OF STOCK. WE HAVE DECIDED TO LIVE A MAD AND EXTRAVAGANT LIFE
622:
441:
347:
343:
296:
276:
199:
1665:(Paperback ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 74.
1005:
threw a party that evening to celebrate his completion after seven years of his poem,
564:
Crosby and Polly lived in an apartment on one of two islands on the Seine during 1922.
2963:
2784:
1219:
1211:
931:
868:
They published early works of several writers before they were well known, including
540:
375:
304:
2615:
2012:
1364:. Preface by Henrietta Crosby. (1932) Paris, Black Sun Press. 125 unnumbered copies.
1207:
1020:
915:
773:
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425:
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stories of the house onto unsuspecting guests. The family spent its summers on the
834:
In April, 1927, they founded an English language publishing company, first titled
2833:
2104:
1498:
2935:
2863:
1137:, that the death of "Harry Crosby becomes a symbol" of the rise and fall of the
869:
645:
His father complied, but not without rebuking his son for his spendthrift ways.
602:
327:
268:
1733:
1662:
A cultural history of the American novel : Henry James to William Faulkner
971:
676:. In early 1928, they traveled to the Middle East, visiting several countries.
2956:
at Southern Illinois University Carbondale Special Collections Research Center
2917:
A Bibliography of the Black Sun Press...With an introduction by Caresse Crosby
1774:
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On November 20, 1929, the Crosbys returned to the United States aboard the
2415:
518:
1138:
633:
account at State Street Trust in Boston and at Morgan, Harjes, in Paris.
610:
2165:
Apples of Gold in Settings of Silver: Stories of Dinner as a Work of Art
2074:
1856:
1334:
Aphrodite in Flight: Being Some Observations on the Aerodynamics of Love
556:
Harry and Polly Crosby on the day of their marriage on September 9, 1922
2941:
1180:
in 1931. It was hand-set in dorique type; only 50 copies were printed.
718:] an uproar and a confusion so that it was difficult to do my work.
271:
veteran, bon vivant, poet, and publisher who for some epitomized the
62:
930:
for her wedding dress. She had belonged to the Vincent Club and the
544:
for New York, which made a weekly six-day express run to New York.
350:. Crosby died in 1929 as part of a murder–suicide or suicide pact.
1148:, a collection of his poetry with an afterword by Ezra Pound, and
1051:
970:
962:
817:
741:
559:
551:
517:
420:
412:
1918:"Bonjour Paris – The Glory Years: The Crosbys: Harry and Caresse"
2895:
Black Sun: The Brief Transit and Violent Eclipse of Harry Crosby
1500:
Black Sun: The Brief Transit and Violent Eclipse of Harry Crosby
714:
370:. Also among Harry's ancestors were Revolutionary War General
322:. Polly took the name Caresse, and Crosby and she founded the
1222:
painting—except it's a few thousand pounds, not 20 million."
572:
and moved with her children to Paris. There, they joined the
2499:
New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists, 1909, 1925-1957
1196:
titles as did Edward Titus through his Black Manikin Press.
846:, they printed a limited edition of 300 numbered copies of "
1109:
lobby of the Savoy-Plaza if he didn't meet her at once."
723:
frequently dropped in at Drosso where they smoked opium.
503:
Crosby's mother invited Mrs. Richard Rogers Peabody (née
267:(June 4, 1898 – December 10, 1929) was an American heir,
1324:. (1929) Paris, Black Sun Press. (500 copies printed)
585:, where he walked the last few blocks to the bank on
3035:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
2410:
2408:
2255:"Biography Extending Harry Crosby's "Brief Transit""
1855:. Literary Kicks. November 27, 2002. Archived from
1773:. Cosmic Baseball Association. 1998. Archived from
1300:. (1928) Paris, Black Sun Press (2nd edition 1929).
222:
193:
164:
156:
146:
125:
95:
83:
69:
47:
28:
2832:. Daily Variety. December 11, 2003. Archived from
2038:
1541:"The Crosbys: literature's most scandalous couple"
2478:"Sex, society and suicide make for great scandal"
2416:"Black Sun Catalog of Rare and Collectible Books"
1608:"Prose & Poetry - Literary Ambulance Drivers"
1395:"The Glory Years: The Crosbys: Harry and Caresse"
1318:. (1929) Paris, Black Sun Press (Miniature book).
2257:(3) (Fall/Winter ed.). Post Road Magazine.
2202:"Honorary Esoterics: Harry & Caresse Crosby"
1813:Caresse Crosby: From Black Sun to Roccasinibalda
3010:American Field Service personnel of World War I
2688:Exile's Return: A Literary Odyssey of the 1920s
2168:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 281.
1276:. (1927) 4th Edition. Paris, Editions Narcisse.
1077:
948:
789:
762:, an American expatriate. She was the niece of
701:
639:
457:
1987:"The Cramoisy Queen: A Life of Caresse Crosby"
1637:. The News and Courier Charleston Evening Post
2587:"Hart Crane – Life Stories, Books, and Links"
2534:"Hart Crane – Life Stories, Books, and Links"
538:, and the next day bribed his way aboard the
8:
2312:. Southern Illinois University. p. 68.
2310:The Cramoisy Queen: A Life of Caresse Crosby
2068:
2066:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1375:List of ambulance drivers during World War I
1270:. (1926) 3rd Edition. Paris, Albert Messein.
1264:. (1926) 2nd Edition. Paris, Herbert Clarke.
772:, and had been married to American diplomat
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
1888:. Black Cat Books 2008. December 12, 2008.
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1288:. (1928) Paris, At the Sign of the Sundial.
1235:optioned Andrea Berloff's first screenplay
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1700:"The United States Army Ambulance Service"
1096:The next day, the headlines revealed all:
36:
25:
2919:. (Great Neck, N.Y.: G. R. Minkoff, 1970)
2905:; (repr. New York Review of Books, 2003)
2225:
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2032:
2030:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1572:
1570:
1568:
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1564:
1562:
1226:Ladders to the Sun: Poems by Harry Crosby
942:poems, which he dedicated to her, titled
19:For other people named Harry Crosby, see
3045:St. Mark's School (Massachusetts) alumni
2157:
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444:. He arrived in France on July 7, 1917.
2855:Brodesser, Claude (December 10, 2003).
2675:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
2610:
2608:
2444:. The Black Sun Players. Archived from
2242:from the original on 24 September 2015.
2232:"Expert Witness: Henri Cartier-Bresson"
1727:
1725:
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1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
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1892:from the original on 22 September 2010
1886:"Harry Crosby and the Black Sun Press"
1816:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Capra Press.
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
605:lifestyle of the artists gathering in
397:As a child, he attended the exclusive
3025:Military personnel from Massachusetts
2808:"Fine Line Options Berloff's 'harry'"
2622:from the original on 21 December 2009
2230:Turner, Christopher (12 April 2010).
1710:from the original on 6 September 2015
1602:
1600:
1242:was initially attached to direct and
967:The Book Cadillac Hotel in the 1920s.
7:
3050:Suicides by firearm in Massachusetts
2673:Exile's Return: A Narrative of Ideas
2422:from the original on August 14, 2015
2208:from the original on 2 December 2015
2144:Hemingway and Faulkner in Their Time
1162:with D. H. Lawrence's introduction,
2261:from the original on 23 August 2010
2123:from the original on 2 January 2016
601:Both of them were attracted to the
405:, from which he graduated in 1917.
3065:20th-century American male writers
2593:from the original on 25 March 2010
2540:from the original on 25 March 2010
1738:American National Biography Online
1679:from the original on 15 April 2016
1633:Craddock, John (August 15, 1976).
1547:from the original on 28 March 2010
1282:. (1927) Paris, Editions Narcisse.
14:
3030:Noble and Greenough School alumni
2990:American book publishers (people)
2761:from the original on 5 March 2016
2757:. Black Sun Press. January 1932.
2702:"Collected poems of Harry Crosby"
2567:from the original on 1 March 2014
2393:from the original on 1 April 2014
2182:from the original on 7 April 2016
2045:. Yale University Press. p.
1966:from the original on 4 March 2009
1916:Greenberg, Arnie (4 April 2005).
1744:from the original on 12 July 2015
1393:Greenberg, Arnie (4 April 2005).
1168:with T. S. Eliot's introduction,
876:(which was later integrated into
3005:American people of Dutch descent
2754:War letters Leather Bound – 1932
2652:from the original on 5 June 2011
2648:. December 11, 1929. p. 1.
2559:King, Steven (7 December 2012).
2476:Slosberg, Steven (May 2, 2002).
2385:Rothstein, Kris (January 2004).
2081:from the original on 7 July 2011
1954:Allis, Sam (February 22, 2009).
1924:from the original on 8 July 2011
1614:from the original on 26 May 2010
1585:from the original on 2 July 2010
1517:from the original on 2016-08-02.
1401:from the original on 8 July 2011
1358:). (1931) Paris, Black Sun Press
1336:. (1930) Paris, Black Sun Press.
1330:. (1930) Paris, Black Sun Press.
1312:. (1929) Paris, Black Sun Press.
1306:. (1929) Paris, Black Sun Press.
1294:. (1928) Paris, Black Sun Press.
1144:In 1931, Caresse also published
756:Constance Crowninshield Coolidge
746:Constance Coolidge (1892-1973) (
249:
2938:from the Oldpoetry.com Archives
2857:"Hallstrom caressing 'Caresse'"
2561:"Hart Crane & Harry Crosby"
1340:Collected Poems of Harry Crosby
1328:Shadows of the Sun-Series Three
1258:. (1925) Paris, Herbert Clarke.
1154:Collected poems of Harry Crosby
212:
2995:American expatriates in France
2942:Selected Poems by Harry Crosby
2362:. McLean Books. Archived from
2340:. No. 13. 19 October 1932
2109:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1706:. Government Printing Office.
848:The Fall of the House of Usher
699:. Henry wrote in his journal:
692:, Adolf Hitler's future wife.
625:, a friend of Crosby's cousin
1:
2387:"Black Sun by Geoffrey Wolff"
2075:"Harry Grew Crosby Biography"
1310:Shadows of the Sun-Series Two
1084:Crosby's suicide, along with
712:on the donkeys. and [
21:Harry Crosby (disambiguation)
2731:"WAR LETTERS. Crosby, Harry"
1503:. New York Review of Books.
1246:was attached as a producer.
874:Tales Told of Shem and Shaun
2985:20th-century American poets
2616:"Biography of Harry Crosby"
1740:. Oxford University Press.
1543:. London: Telegraph.co.uk.
1539:Lyle, Peter (19 Jun 2009).
886:'s first book-length work,
738:Extra-marital relationships
380:Declaration of Independence
3081:
3015:Businesspeople from Boston
2162:Young, Carolin C. (2002).
2103:Fitch, Noel Riley (1983).
1056:The Mauretania before 1923
992:Harvard-Yale football game
811:
499:Meets Mrs. Richard Peabody
438:American Ambulance Service
399:Noble and Greenough School
133:Noble and Greenough School
18:
3020:Harvard University alumni
1771:"Caresse Crosby, Infield"
826:from Harry Crosby's book
479:J.P. Morgan & Company
432:in April 1917 near Verdun
245:
91:
35:
2915:Minkoff, George Robert.
2686:Cowley, Malcolm (1951).
2671:Cowley, Malcolm (1934).
2308:Hamalian, Linda (2005).
2253:Brunner, Edward (2001).
2009:"Genealogy Data Page 30"
2007:Jacobs, Michael (2008).
1985:Schlueter, Paul (2008).
1579:"Harry Crosby Biography"
890:, in 1929. and works by
283:, the wife of financier
2733:. William Reese Company
2563:. Today in Literature.
2536:. Today in Literature.
2512:"The Milwaukee Journal"
1956:"Black Sun rises again"
1698:Ireland, M. W. (1925).
1497:Geoffrey Wolff (2003).
1029:William Carlos Williams
2932:Modern American Poetry
2282:Cite journal requires
2037:Fisher, Clive (2002).
1810:Conover, Anne (1989).
1659:Minter, David (1996).
1206:, including photos by
1193:Poems for Harry Crosby
1082:
1057:
980:
968:
959:Visit to United States
952:
854:with illustrations by
831:
798:
751:
720:
674:The Torrents of Spring
643:
565:
557:
527:
462:
433:
418:
392:Garden Club of America
364:J. Pierpont Morgan Jr.
289:American Field Service
3055:Van Rensselaer family
2947:Caresse Crosby Papers
2936:Poems by Harry Crosby
2897:(Random House, 1976)
1176:'s introduction, and
1098:Tragedy and Disgrace.
1055:
974:
966:
821:
745:
728:Henri Cartier-Bresson
563:
555:
548:Polly and Harry marry
532:Morgan, Harjes et Cie
521:
424:
416:
320:Henri Cartier-Bresson
256:Literature portal
65:, Massachusetts, U.S.
2781:"Ladders to the Sun"
990:for a visit and the
706:The American Caravan
583:Place de la Concorde
279:, and the nephew of
230:John Schuyler Crosby
79:New York City, U.S.
51:Henry Sturgis Crosby
3060:Writers from Boston
3000:American male poets
2690:. New York: Viking.
2334:"French Count Dead"
2236:The Daily Telegraph
1274:Sonnets for Caresse
1268:Sonnets for Caresse
1262:Sonnets for Caresse
1256:Sonnets for Caresse
1150:Aphrodite in Flight
996:Book-Cadillac Hotel
830:, published in 1927
785:Bal des Quatz' Arts
764:Frank Crowninshield
748:John Singer Sargent
597:Life as expatriates
536:transatlantic cable
84:Cause of death
2952:2020-10-30 at the
2646:The New York Times
2618:. PoemHunter.com.
2338:The Stanford Daily
2146:. Arthur Waldhorn.
2041:Hart Crane: a Life
1344:Chariot of the Sun
1292:Shadows of the Sun
1286:Chariot of the Sun
1237:Harry and Caresse.
1233:Fine Line Features
1159:Chariot of the Sun
1102:The New York Times
1073:Archibald MacLeish
1058:
1048:Murder and suicide
981:
969:
904:Archibald MacLeish
882:). They published
832:
752:
566:
558:
528:
434:
419:
378:, a signer of the
368:Alexander Hamilton
178:Chariot of the Sun
151:Harvard University
2869:on 5 January 2012
2787:on March 30, 2012
1859:on 5 January 2010
1635:"The Book Corner"
1577:Brunner, Edward.
1397:. Bonjour Paris.
1352:Sleeping Together
1322:Sleeping Together
1170:Sleeping Together
944:Transit of Venus.
922:The Fire Princess
844:Éditions Narcisse
836:Éditions Narcisse
682:Douglas Fairbanks
505:Mary Phelps Jacob
297:Mary Phelps Jacob
285:J. P. Morgan, Jr.
262:
261:
200:Mary Phelps Jacob
138:St. Mark's School
73:December 10, 1929
3072:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2868:
2862:. Archived from
2861:
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2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2803:
2797:
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2792:
2783:. Archived from
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2448:on July 16, 2011
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2073:Hallewell, Tom.
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2015:on 25 April 2012
2011:. Archived from
2004:
1998:
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1995:
1993:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1960:The Boston Globe
1951:
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1390:
1348:Transit of Venus
1298:Transit of Venus
1165:Transit of Venus
979:during the 1930s
908:Ernest Hemingway
822:Illustration by
449:Battle of Verdun
428:in front of his
336:Ernest Hemingway
316:Ernest Hemingway
281:Jane Norton Grew
254:
253:
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236:J. P. Morgan Jr.
216:
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184:Transit of Venus
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2960:
2959:
2954:Wayback Machine
2926:
2891:Wolff, Geoffrey
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2366:on 14 July 2011
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1734:"Crosby, Harry"
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1240:Lasse Hallström
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1092:Scandal follows
1050:
1034:Berkeley Square
961:
924:
912:Laurence Sterne
863:Black Sun Press
852:Edgar Allan Poe
816:
814:Black Sun Press
810:
808:Black Sun Press
740:
655:ĂŽle Saint-Louis
651:
599:
579:ĂŽle Saint-Louis
574:Lost Generation
550:
509:Nantasket Beach
501:
488:
486:Attends Harvard
467:Croix de guerre
411:
372:Philip Schuyler
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324:Black Sun Press
273:Lost Generation
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1025:E. E. Cummings
1017:Malcolm Cowley
960:
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879:Finnegans Wake
812:Main article:
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2930:Harry Crosby
2916:
2894:
2871:. Retrieved
2864:the original
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2834:the original
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:the original
2775:
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2753:
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2725:
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2656:February 14,
2654:. Retrieved
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2595:. Retrieved
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2554:
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2528:
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2506:
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2482:. Retrieved
2450:. Retrieved
2446:the original
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2395:. Retrieved
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2364:the original
2354:
2342:. Retrieved
2337:
2328:
2309:
2275:cite journal
2263:. Retrieved
2248:
2235:
2210:. Retrieved
2196:
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2164:
2143:
2142:Earl Rovit.
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2105:
2083:. Retrieved
2040:
2017:. Retrieved
2013:the original
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1959:
1926:. Retrieved
1894:. Retrieved
1861:. Retrieved
1857:the original
1812:
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1775:the original
1746:. Retrieved
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1012:
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916:Eugene Jolas
887:
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774:Ray Atherton
767:
766:, editor of
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627:Walter Berry
620:
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489:
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426:Julien Bryan
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265:Harry Crosby
264:
263:
247:
183:
177:
171:
115:Co-founder,
75:(1929-12-10)
60:June 4, 1898
30:Harry Crosby
2980:1929 deaths
2970:1898 births
2806:Mohr, Ian.
2791:October 19,
2571:24 February
2452:November 3,
2397:24 February
1992:January 11,
1405:26 February
1362:War Letters
1356:Torchbearer
1186:War Letters
1178:Torchbearer
1156:containing
1146:Torchbearer
870:James Joyce
769:Vanity Fair
710:harra burra
409:World War I
388:North Shore
348:René Crevel
328:James Joyce
269:World War I
2964:Categories
2873:17 October
2840:17 October
2814:17 October
2442:"Jose Bio"
2238:. London.
2056:0300090617
2019:19 October
1781:2003-12-01
1381:References
1212:Christie's
1203:The Bridge
1086:Hart Crane
1066:Mauretania
1013:bon voyage
1008:The Bridge
1003:Hart Crane
987:Mauretania
977:Mauretania
900:Ezra Pound
892:Hart Crane
611:hedonistic
577:exclusive
455:soldiers.
403:St. Mark's
354:Early life
340:Hart Crane
96:Occupation
56:1898-06-04
2710:17460511M
2480:. The Day
1304:Mad Queen
1231:In 2004,
884:Kay Boyle
794:Catacombs
758:, also a
690:Eva Braun
686:George VI
649:Lifestyle
570:Aquitania
541:Aquitania
524:Aquitania
474:Armistice
472:When the
332:Kay Boyle
223:Relatives
160:1925–1929
126:Education
102:Publisher
2950:Archived
2759:Archived
2715:18 March
2650:Archived
2626:25 March
2620:Archived
2597:25 March
2591:Archived
2565:Archived
2544:19 March
2538:Archived
2518:16 March
2484:19 March
2420:Archived
2391:Archived
2265:18 March
2259:Archived
2240:Archived
2206:Archived
2180:Archived
2127:19 March
2121:Archived
2085:14 March
2079:Archived
1970:16 March
1964:Archived
1928:28 March
1922:Archived
1896:26 March
1890:Archived
1863:18 March
1742:Archived
1708:Archived
1677:Archived
1641:16 March
1618:29 March
1612:Archived
1589:13 March
1583:Archived
1551:29 March
1545:Archived
1515:Archived
1399:Archived
1369:See also
1139:Jazz Age
856:Alastair
824:Alastair
603:bohemian
522:The RMS
360:Back Bay
2885:Sources
2765:15 June
2737:15 June
2426:May 13,
2370:6 April
2212:15 June
2186:15 June
1748:15 June
1714:15 June
1683:15 June
1316:The Sun
1220:Picasso
750:, 1915)
526:in 1914
238:(uncle)
217:
209:
205:
87:Suicide
2909:
2901:
2708:
2344:13 May
2316:
2172:
2113:
2053:
1820:
1669:
1507:
1354:, and
1216:Braque
1121:Legacy
1027:, and
914:, and
688:, and
374:, and
346:, and
318:, and
194:Spouse
186:(1928)
180:(1928)
174:(1927)
157:Period
108:writer
63:Boston
2867:(PDF)
2860:(PDF)
1250:Works
1218:or a
1172:with
850:" by
211:(
207:
2907:ISBN
2899:ISBN
2875:2011
2842:2011
2816:2011
2793:2011
2767:2015
2739:2015
2717:2010
2658:2023
2628:2010
2599:2010
2573:2014
2546:2010
2520:2010
2486:2010
2454:2010
2428:2015
2399:2014
2372:2010
2346:2015
2314:ISBN
2288:help
2267:2010
2214:2015
2188:2015
2170:ISBN
2129:2010
2111:ISBN
2087:2010
2051:ISBN
2021:2011
1994:2010
1972:2010
1930:2010
1898:2010
1865:2010
1818:ISBN
1750:2015
1716:2015
1685:2015
1667:ISBN
1643:2010
1620:2010
1591:2010
1553:2010
1505:ISBN
1407:2014
985:RMS
975:RMS
928:Lido
465:the
105:poet
70:Died
48:Born
2047:397
872:'s
715:sic
2966::
2893::
2706:OL
2704:.
2644:.
2607:^
2589:.
2462:^
2418:.
2407:^
2336:.
2296:^
2279::
2277:}}
2273:{{
2234:.
2222:^
2204:.
2178:.
2152:^
2119:.
2095:^
2077:.
2065:^
2049:.
2029:^
1962:.
1958:.
1938:^
1920:.
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