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31:
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169:) have shifted the harvest season in some countries ; future weather patterns may exceed a climatic threshold in some vineyards where it will be more difficult to maintain the current wine quality, however they could also push some regions into more optimal climatic regimes for the production of equilibred grapes.
288:
with rubber sticks to get the vine to drop its fruit onto a conveyor belt that brings the fruit to a holding bin. As technology improves mechanical harvesters have become more sophisticated in distinguishing grape clusters from mud, leaves and other particles. Despite the improvement many harvesters
280:
in the last third of a century. First introduced commercially in the 1960s, it has been adopted in different wine regions for various economic, labor and winemaking reasons. In
Australia, the reduced work force in the wine industry has made the use of mechanized labor almost a necessity.
321:
Despite the costs, some wineries prefer the use of human workers to hand-pick grapes. The main advantage is the knowledge and discernment of the worker to pick only healthy bunches and the gentler handling of the grapes. The production of some
346:
are a sizable composition of the harvest time work force as well as local student and itinerant workers. Karen Ross, president of the
California Association of Winegrowers, has estimated that as of 2007 as many as 70% of the employees in the
289:
still have difficulties in distinguishing between ripe, healthy grapes and unripe or rotted bunches which must then be sorted out at the winemaking facility. Another disadvantage is the potential of damaging the grape skins which can cause
304:
of grapes, compared to the 1–2 tons that an experienced human picker could harvest. In hot climates, where picking quickly or in the cool of night is a priority, mechanical harvesting can accomplish these goals very well.
276:
The question of using mechanical harvesting versus traditional hand picking is a source of contention in the wine industry. Mechanical harvesting of grapes has been one of the major changes in many
313:
173:
1020:
958:
150:
grapes can be harvested as late as
January. In the Southern Hemisphere harvest can begin as early as January 1 in some of the warmer climate sites in
1306:
698:
210:
and acid levels of the grape as a guide in determining ripeness. Early winemakers tasted the grapes to gauge ripeness. Modern winemakers use a
154:, Australia. The majority of Southern Hemisphere harvesting occurs between the months of February and April with some cool climate sites like
79:
can also shape the timetable of harvesting with the threat of heat, rain, hail, and frost which can damage the grapes and bring about various
574:
1128:
233:
In recent times there has been more of an emphasis on the "physiological" ripeness of the grape, usually in the form of tannins and other
83:. In addition to determining the time of the harvest, winemakers and vineyard owners must also determine whether to use hand pickers or
624:
293:
and coloring of the juice that is undesirable in the production of white and sparkling wine. The broken skins also bring the risk of
678:
604:
531:
511:
491:
471:
387:
300:
One of the benefits of mechanical harvesting is the relatively low cost. A harvester is able to run 24 hours a day and pick 80–200
412:
Jones, Gregory V.; White, Michael A.; Cooper, Owen R.; Storchmann, Karl (2005-12-01). "Climate Change and Global Wine
Quality".
116:
241:
have not yet fully explained the complex processes that go into the ripening of tannins but most believe it begins with the
99:, and wine styles the harvesting of grapes could happen in every month of the calendar year somewhere in the world. In the
1332:
1051:
683:
30:
1388:
1337:
1061:
237:. Currently, tasting is the only way to measure tannin ripeness, which can take experience and skill to do accurately.
703:
1257:
1224:
830:
234:
398:
1347:
1237:
1025:
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835:
753:
567:
1342:
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953:
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342:, it would be virtually impossible to run a mechanical harvester through the vineyard. In many wine regions,
142:
in the wine. The majority of
Northern Hemisphere harvesting occurs in late August to early October with some
1232:
1035:
888:
629:
609:
185:
96:
1056:
910:
763:
317:
Grüner
Veltliner grapes being hand harvested at Hahndorf Hill vineyard in the Adelaide Hills in Australia.
84:
75:
levels with winemakers basing their decision to pick based on the style of wine they wish to produce. The
992:
938:
758:
1428:
1097:
560:
421:
331:
130:
typically harvesting earlier due to their warmer climates. In the
Northern Hemisphere, vineyards in
1262:
1214:
1114:
1010:
987:
92:
88:
1252:
968:
718:
445:
227:
146:
grapes being harvested throughout the autumn. In
Germany, Austria, the United States and Canada,
1418:
1206:
1153:
948:
527:
507:
487:
467:
437:
383:
290:
265:
143:
138:
grapes are harvested in late July to early August at a slightly unripe point to help maintain
1423:
1371:
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878:
429:
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1352:
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343:
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162:
135:
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449:
339:
211:
155:
139:
1402:
943:
855:
845:
773:
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619:
599:
323:
80:
17:
1376:
1327:
1290:
821:
748:
583:
254:
238:
56:
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bunches which can only be done by hand. In areas of steep terrain, like in the
1280:
1196:
1186:
1137:
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963:
811:
713:
433:
335:
246:
195:
441:
1158:
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723:
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294:
250:
219:
120:
100:
190:
1066:
840:
688:
646:
634:
277:
215:
147:
123:
87:. The harvest season typically falls between August & October in the
60:
1357:
1163:
898:
893:
850:
801:
708:
127:
76:
52:
40:
1322:
1285:
377:
131:
72:
126:
of 30° and 50° in both hemispheres with regions lying closer to the
816:
652:
614:
312:
264:
189:
64:
47:
29:
1076:
918:
873:
285:
68:
44:
1110:
556:
552:
301:
1106:
297:
and a loss of some of the aromatic qualities in the wine.
249:
tannins into larger molecules which are perceived by the
158:, New Zealand picking late harvest wine grapes in June.
382:
Third
Edition pg 338-339 Oxford University Press 2006
134:
begin harvesting as early as July. In
California some
1386:
59:. The time of harvest is determined primarily by the
55:) is one of the most crucial steps in the process of
334:
require that individual berries are picked from the
1315:
1299:
1271:
1223:
1205:
1172:
1144:
1044:
1001:
907:
864:
782:
739:
669:
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370:
368:
366:
364:
284:A mechanical grape harvester works by beating the
544:"Immigration Rules May Cause Higher Wine Prices"
1122:
568:
8:
1021:Effects of climate change on wine production
546:The Wine Spectator pg 16 October 31st, 2007.
1129:
1115:
1107:
575:
561:
553:
27:Harvest of grapes in order to produce wine
466:Third Edition pg 75 Abbeville Press 2003
400:Female Feet Crushing Grapes To Make Wine
351:industry may be immigrants from Mexico.
1393:
1307:Clarification and stabilization of wine
360:
7:
95:. With various climate conditions,
625:International Grape Genome Program
222:tests (using an indicator such as
214:to measure high sugar levels and
25:
605:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
504:"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia"
486:pg 10-11 Workman Publishing 2001
1396:
1370:
1093:
1092:
172:
91:and February & April in the
103:it is often referred to as the
526:pg 28 Workman Publishing 2001
506:pg 22 Dorling Kindersley 2005
1:
1333:Glossary of viticulture terms
1052:Glossary of viticulture terms
684:Diurnal temperature variation
464:Jancis Robinson's Wine Course
1338:Glossary of winemaking terms
1062:Glossary of winemaking terms
194:Clusters of ripe and unripe
115:The majority of the world's
63:of the grape as measured by
206:, winemakers would use the
1450:
1258:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
831:Integrated pest management
183:
34:Medieval grape harvesting.
1366:
1348:History of the wine press
1238:Sparkling wine production
1090:
1026:Environmental stewardship
434:10.1007/s10584-005-4704-2
1343:Wine tasting descriptors
954:Great French Wine Blight
1233:Malolactic fermentation
1036:Sustainable agriculture
817:Frost damage prevention
699:Regional climate levels
186:Ripeness in viticulture
1057:Glossary of wine terms
318:
273:
199:
117:wine producing regions
35:
316:
268:
261:Mechanical harvesting
193:
85:mechanical harvesters
33:
332:Trockenbeerenauslese
1263:Yeast in winemaking
1215:Carbonic maceration
1011:Adaptive management
426:2005ClCh...73..319J
226:) to determine the
93:Southern Hemisphere
89:Northern Hemisphere
18:Harvest time (wine)
1253:Traditional method
929:Botrytis bunch rot
749:Grapevine planting
679:Climate categories
380:Companion to Wine"
319:
274:
230:within the grape.
228:titratable acidity
200:
36:
1384:
1383:
1154:Late harvest wine
1104:
1103:
949:Grapevine yellows
374:J. Robinson (ed)
144:late harvest wine
16:(Redirected from
1441:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1375:
1374:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1096:
1095:
980:Uncinula necator
969:Pierce's disease
577:
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239:Viticulturalists
176:
119:lie between the
21:
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1409:
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1407:
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1377:Wine portal
1369:
1362:
1353:History of wine
1311:
1295:
1267:
1219:
1201:
1182:Deacidification
1168:
1140:
1135:
1105:
1100:
1086:
1072:Outline of wine
1040:
1031:Organic farming
1016:Biodynamic wine
1003:
997:
988:Red spider mite
909:
903:
860:
822:Green harvest (
807:Erosion control
784:
778:
759:Row orientation
741:
735:
671:
665:
610:Grape varieties
592:
586:
581:
551:
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541:
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481:
477:
461:
457:
414:Climatic Change
411:
410:
406:
397:
393:
373:
362:
357:
349:California wine
344:migrant workers
311:
263:
224:phenolphthalein
204:history of wine
202:Throughout the
188:
182:
163:climate changes
152:New South Wales
113:
97:grape varieties
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1243:Sugars in wine
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1221:
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1194:
1192:Chaptalization
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984:
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974:Powdery mildew
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764:Trellis design
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660:Vitis vinifera
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524:The Wine Bible
515:
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484:The Wine Bible
475:
455:
420:(3): 319–343.
404:
391:
359:
358:
356:
353:
310:
307:
271:Concord grapes
262:
259:
243:polymerization
184:Main article:
181:
178:
167:global warming
165:(particularly
136:sparkling wine
112:
111:Harvest season
109:
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769:Vine training
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670:Environmental
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532:1-56305-434-5
529:
525:
519:
516:
513:
512:0-7566-1324-8
509:
505:
502:T. Stevenson
499:
496:
493:
492:1-56305-434-5
489:
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479:
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472:0-7892-0883-0
469:
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388:0-19-860990-6
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212:refractometer
209:
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159:
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156:Central Otago
153:
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81:vine diseases
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
32:
19:
1368:
1225:Fermentation
1145:
978:
944:Downy mildew
865:
856:Weed control
846:Millerandage
823:
694:Microclimate
658:
651:
633:
620:Hybrid grape
600:Ampelography
593:horticulture
543:
538:
523:
518:
503:
498:
483:
478:
463:
462:J. Robinson
458:
417:
413:
407:
399:
394:
375:
324:dessert wine
320:
309:Hand picking
299:
283:
275:
232:
201:
171:
160:
114:
104:
39:
37:
1429:Viticulture
1328:Wine bottle
1300:Other steps
1291:Wine cellar
1248:Süssreserve
754:Propagation
591:Biology and
584:Viticulture
522:K. MacNeil
482:K. MacNeil
269:Harvesting
57:wine-making
1413:Categories
1207:Maceration
1197:Wine press
1187:Destemming
1138:Winemaking
1082:Winemaking
1004:and issues
1002:Approaches
964:Phylloxera
934:Bot canker
836:Irrigation
812:Fertilizer
785:management
714:Topography
704:Soil types
355:References
336:botrytized
291:maceration
251:taste buds
247:astringent
196:Pinot noir
41:harvesting
1159:Noble rot
993:Vine moth
959:Nematodes
924:Black rot
908:Pests and
884:Noble rot
879:Festivals
724:elevation
672:variation
642:Rootstock
450:115143563
442:1573-1480
328:Sauternes
295:oxidation
278:vineyards
253:as being
245:of small
235:phenolics
220:titration
124:latitudes
121:temperate
101:New World
1419:Oenology
1174:Pressing
1098:Category
1067:Oenology
1045:See also
939:Dead arm
911:diseases
889:Ripeness
841:Klopotec
783:Vineyard
742:planting
740:Vineyard
689:Drainage
647:Vineyard
635:Veraison
630:Ripening
542:D. Sogg
180:Ripeness
148:ice wine
61:ripeness
1424:Harvest
1358:Terroir
1316:Related
1164:Vintage
1146:Harvest
899:Weather
894:Vintage
866:Harvest
851:Pruning
802:Coulure
709:Terroir
422:Bibcode
198:grapes.
161:Recent
140:acidity
128:equator
77:weather
53:vintage
1389:Portal
1323:Winery
1286:Solera
792:Canopy
719:aspect
615:Grapes
530:
510:
490:
470:
448:
440:
386:
378:Oxford
255:softer
132:Cyprus
73:tannin
48:grapes
1403:Drink
1273:Aging
919:Birds
774:Yield
729:slope
653:Vitis
446:S2CID
376:"The
340:Mosel
326:like
216:°Brix
208:sugar
105:crush
65:sugar
1434:Wine
1077:Wine
874:Brix
797:Clos
528:ISBN
508:ISBN
488:ISBN
468:ISBN
438:ISSN
384:ISBN
330:and
302:tons
286:vine
71:and
69:acid
45:wine
38:The
1281:Oak
430:doi
218:or
43:of
1415::
444:.
436:.
428:.
418:73
416:.
363:^
257:.
107:.
67:,
1391::
1130:e
1123:t
1116:v
826:)
638:)
632:(
576:e
569:t
562:v
452:.
432::
424::
51:(
20:)
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