Harz - Knowledge

3491: 824: 800: 812: 2348: 149: 4111: 2694: 1907:). The peregrine, which is threatened with extinction here, needs steep rock outcrops with little vegetation. After its population had died out in the Harz, a breeding pair was re-established in the region. A crucial contribution has been made by extensive efforts to promote quiet areas in the ancestral breeding grounds of this shy species. Since 1980, a breeding pair has settled in the eastern Harz as the result of a wildlife reintroduction project. The ring ouzel prefers semi-open stone runs and lightly wooded transition zones between treeless 210: 4573: 3507: 757: 5566: 1439: 1111: 5667: 1745:). This shy and susceptible resident of richly diverse deciduous and mixed forest has become very rare in central Europe due to increasing disturbance of its habitat (caused by a lack of old trees and natural brooks). Through improvements to its habitat, including the renaturalisation of waterways and the creation of relatively undisturbed peaceful areas, the black stork population has now recovered. A typical mammal of such deciduous woods is the 2383:. Until the issue of this conservation order, there had only been an order for the protection of the forest, which had been issued by the ruling princes for real, practical considerations. But for the first time the 1668 cave order took ethical-aesthetic considerations into account. The year 1668 was the birth of classic nature conservation in the Harz. The order had been precipitated by the earlier, serious destruction of the cave's features by 4449: 845: 3499: 2548:, the Harz area became an important production site for the armaments industry. Many factories, important to the war effort, were located there and, as the war neared its conclusion, they were increasingly staffed with slave labour. As a result, the Harz was the location of several hundred forced labour camps and KZs at that time. KZ Dora near Nordhausen in the South Harz became particularly infamous. This camp, 5341: 456: 4561: 1584: 43: 4585: 4257: 3087: 2458:, near Thale under protection, because the inhabitants of neighbouring districts were using the rocks as a quarry. This protection order survived in spite of all protests from the local villages. Thus, a valuable natural monument was saved from destruction, and it is of note that the authorities felt that the 'romantic' reasons for its preservation were entirely justified. 2220: 4437: 3372: 2990: 599: 4288:. Both the B 4 and the B 6n have been upgraded almost to motorway standard. The B 4 crosses the Harz from Bad Harzburg on a north–south axis running through Torfhaus and Braunlage as far as Ilfeld on the edge of the South Harz. The rest of the Harz is also well served by federal roads. Important ones include the Harz high road ( 3813: 610: 448: 3095: 1042: 1753:), that has established a stable population in the Harz. It prefers the diverse wooded areas, which offer a rich variety of food. The animal kingdom of the mixed beech and spruce woods is also diverse. Species that thrive in mixed forest are especially at home. For example, the mixed mountain forest is the natural habitat of the 1845:, the pygmy owl had long since disappeared from the Harz, but returned in the 1980s of its own volition, as its ancestral homeland once again became more natural, so that there was sufficient food to support it (insects, small mammals and small birds) as well as standing dead wood (spruce trees with woodpecker holes). 3064:, for example, is well known in this regard. It was founded in 1996 on the initiative of the Harz National Park, Harz winter sport parishes, the cable car and lift operators, hotels and transport companies, and has the aim of promoting ski tourism in the Harz and looking after the interests of nature conservation. 2379:, that the cave should be permanently preserved by all those responsible as a special, natural wonder. It also stated that nothing should be spoiled or destroyed, and that groups of ordinary strangers should not be allowed to enter without prior arrangement. A resident mine worker was entrusted to oversee the 3189:, despite their sometimes heavy use by lorries, because in the whole of North Germany there is no other region with such long, and in places very steep, descents and ascents. In addition, there are a large number of railway connections on the edge of the Harz which allow bicycles to be taken on trains. 2680:

ran through the western third of the Harz. The Brocken plateau and other peaks near the border were part of a large military out-of-bounds area, which demonstrating walkers first entered on 3 December 1989. Tourism on the Brocken has since then become very intense – about 1.3 million people visit the

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range, that rises abruptly from the surrounding lowlands in the west and northeast and gradually dips towards the south. It is dissected by numerous deep valleys. North of the hills lie the Cretaceous layers of the sub-Hercynian depression in the rolling hills of the Harz Foreland; south of the Harz,

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visited the Harz several times and had a number of important lifetime experiences. These included his walks on the Brocken and his visit to the mines in Rammelsberg. Later, his observations of the rocks on the Brocken led to his geological research. His first visit to the Harz awakened in him a keen

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In America it has long become the business of the people, to create a sacrosanct haven for the native flora and fauna of the regions in national parks. North and South Germany have their heath and alpine parks. May the joint efforts of the royal authorities, the local police, the Wernigerode Nature

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of the forests and, from about 1700, to their outright destruction. There were no less than 30,000 charcoal piles in the Harz. In 1707, an order by Count Ernst of Stolberg forbade Brocken guides to take strangers or local folk to the Brocken without special permission, and the lighting of fires was

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The waterways, with their distinct mountain stream character, play an important role right across the Harz. In comparison with the other natural regions of Lower Saxony, they are still very natural and varied, and the water is very clean. As a result of the high water velocity of the Harz streams,

2491:(Verlag E. Appelhans u. Co., Braunschweig 1912), a brochure that has remained relatively unknown. The Harz played a special role in the life of the famous regional poet, naturalist and local patriot, undoubtedly not least because his second wife, Lisa Hausmann, came from Barbis in the South Harz. 1025:

As a result of the northern fault zone and the vertical or, sometimes even overfolded, geological strata, the geology of the Harz sometimes changes frequently within a relatively small area of just a few square kilometres. As a consequence of this it is also referred to as the "Classic Geological

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The Upper Harz dialect was used only in a few places. The best known are Altenau, Sankt Andreasberg, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Lautenthal and Hahnenklee. Today the dialect is heard only rarely in the Upper Harz in everyday life and it is mainly members of the older generations who still use it, so

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occur in the areas of weather-resistant rock in the high (alti-)montane and montane zones – these are extreme habitats for vegetation. Due to the lack of soil material, only weak, straggly, very open spruce woods thrive here. They have an especially high variety of trees and allow more room of

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Climatically a hill range has lower temperatures and higher levels of precipitation than the surrounding land. The Harz is characterised by regular precipitation throughout the year. Exposed to westerly winds from the Atlantic, heavy with rain, the windward side of the mountains has up to

2009:), which is found everywhere on Harz streams, occurs almost exclusively in the highlands. Its habitat is very fast-flowing, clear mountain streams with wooded banks. It can dive and run under water along the stream bed. It turns stones over in its search for food. The 1692:

A multitude of wild animals live in the beech forests of the Harz Mountains. Over 5,000 species, most of them insects, have their home in these woods. They include many species that help to decompose leaves and work them into the soil and ground cover, including

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The last mine in the Upper Harz – the Wolkenhügel Pit in Bad Lauterberg – closed its operations in June 2007 for economic reasons. Having formerly had 1,000 workers, the mine employed just 14 people towards the end, using the most modern technology to extract

2438:, and destroyed about 30,000 hectares (74,000 acres) of spruce forest and lasted about for 20 years. The woods were largely reforested with spruce. Continuous problems with bark beetle and storms were the negative side effects of mining in the Harz Mountains. 1841:) which is threatened with extinction and which lives in the submontane to subalpine zones within mixed and pine forests interspersed with open areas. They prefer spruce woods for breeding, but feed in more open stands of trees or on open moorland. Like the 1332:). Bog-spruce woods are found around the raised bogs on marshy and boggy soils. In these sorts of places spruce woods can, in exceptional cases, also form the natural woodland in lower down the mountains. These wet, moorland woods have a high proportion of 2658:. According to Sheeran, his unit was climbing the Harz when they came upon a mule train carrying supplies to German positions on the hillside. The Americans handed shovels to their prisoners, forced them to dig their own graves, then shot and buried them. 1915:. The Harz is home to one of its few, isolated breeding areas in central Europe. Its main distribution area extends across northwest Europe, including large parts of England and Scotland, as well as the high mountains of southern and eastern Europe. 519:

in the south. The districts of the Upper Harz are Goslar and Göttingen (both in Lower Saxony), whilst the Lower Harz is on the territory of Harz and Mansfeld-Südharz districts (both in Saxony-Anhalt). The Upper Harz is generally higher and features

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Conservation Society and individual friends of the Brocken also succeed now in central Germany, through caring nurture across the board, in establishing and preserving the Brocken too, as a small, but unique, nature reserve for the German people.

2310:), probably published around 1220/30 at Falkenstein Castle in the Selke valley, later made the imperial restriction clear: "Whoever rides through the Harz Forest, must unstring his bow and crossbow and keep dogs on a line – only crowned royalty ( 2418:). In 1777, Goethe climbed the Brocken, departing from Torfhaus. At that time, there was still no mass tourism on the Brocken; in the year 1779 only 421 walkers were recorded. Goethe described his feelings on the summit later, as follows: 756: 3060:) in the Harz. Their quality and features are ensured by the land owners, particularly in the Harz National Park, where snow is still relatively guaranteed during the winter months, and also by individual communities and societies. The 1848:

In addition to the many species of birds, there is a range of large butterflies in the various spruce woods that, outside of the Harz, are seriously endangered or simply non-existent. Two species will be mentioned here as examples.

1681: 2028:, and it has since fitted well into the ecology of the region. Through specific conservation measures in past years, the retreat of the bat population in the Harz has been halted. Amongst the mammals that may be hunted are the 632:

The 17 dams in the Harz block a total of twelve rivers. Because the Harz is one of the regions of Germany that experiences the most rainfall, its water power was used from early times. Today the dams are primarily used to

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competitions take place on the Oker below the Oker Dam. The white water on this stretch of river is partly a result of the raised levels of discharge from the Oker Reservoir and so is largely independent of the weather.

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This ban did not last forever. Mining, ironworks, water management, increasing settlement, woodland clearances, cattle driving, agriculture, and later tourism all undermined this imperial protection over the centuries.

2104:. The wealth of the region declined after these mines became exhausted in the early 19th century. People abandoned the towns for a short time, but prosperity eventually returned with tourism. Between 1945 and 1990, the 1919:

flowers rarely gain a foothold in the water. Even the animals in these streams need to be well suited to high velocities. Only a few species, such as fish, swim actively against the stream. The most common species are

1291:) spruce trees. Wood-reed spruce woods dominate. A well developed ground vegetation thrives on their moderately rocky and fresh, but certainly not wet, soils, characterised in appearance especially by grasses such as 2977:, as well as the historic towns on the edge of the Harz. Concepts like the Western town, Pullman City Harz, or the rock operas on the Brocken are intended to also be particularly attractive to foreign tourists. The 2792:

schist was mined until 1990. The early beginnings of this industry were first mentioned in 1199, and it was considered in its heyday, at the end of the 15th century, as the most important in Europe. In addition, at

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Brandt, Charles (2004). "I Heard You Paint Houses": Frank "The Irishman" Sheeran and the Inside Story of the Mafia, the Teamsters, and the Last Ride of Jimmy Hoffa. Hanover, New Hampshire: Steerforth Press. Page

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holes in old beeches, and needs, unlike the spruce woods, more open beech forest with its higher population of small mammals in its search for food. For cover, however, it prefers the darker, denser spruce trees.

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1,600 mm of rain annually (West Harz, Upper Harz, High Harz); in contrast, the leeward side only receives an average of 600 mm of precipitation per annum (East Harz, Lower Harz, Eastern Harz foothills).

579:. In the far east, the mountains merge into the East Harz foothills (Harz district, Saxony-Anhalt), which are dominated by the Selke Valley. Part of the south Harz lies in the Thuringian district of Nordhausen. 2884:– used today primarily for the manufacture of paint and in sound insulation – was extracted until July 2007 at the Wolkenhügel Pit, the last mine in the entire Harz. Furthermore, limestone is still mined at 2398:

forbidden. The first attempts at forest conservation in the Harz were centred on the Brocken, and began with a far-sighted nature conservation act over 275 years ago. In 1718, Count Christian Ernest of the

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At the start of the 19th century, the increasing changes to the natural landscape wrought by man and the extinction of large mammals like the bear, wolf and lynx raised awareness of the threat to nature.

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A large number of the animals that live in natural spruce forest are suited to the special conditions of life in the higher parts of the Harz. Typical residents amongst the bird population include the

2942:. A cause of this development was the mining history in the Harz region, with its high demand for wood and the consequent overuse and devastation of the stands of forest. In addition, there were the 2765:

lead ore for centuries. Mining heavily dominated the economic life of the Harz as well as its scenery. Miners created the famous engineering system for the management of water in the Upper Harz, the

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As early as 1224, monks who had settled in Walkenried bought extensive tracts of forest in the western Harz, to secure economically the one quarter of the Rammelsberg ore profits promised to them by

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with relatively easily managed and undemanding spruce trees since the middle of the 18th century was mainly due to the proposals of the Senior Forester and Master Hunter, Johann Georg von Langen.

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technology in Germany during the Second World War and, subsequently, in the United States, reportedly ordered blueprints of his work to be hidden in an abandoned mine shaft in the Harz range.

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Around 1800, large swathes of the Harz were deforested. The less resistant spruce monoculture, that arose as a consequence of the mining industry in the Upper Harz, was largely destroyed by a

1243:) and common beech would predominantly be found under natural conditions. However, apart from a few remnants, these were supplanted a long time ago by spruce stands as a result of deliberate 998:

period, the younger overlying strata were eroded and the underlying base rock left standing as low mountains. The most important uplift movements were during the sub-Hercynian phase (83

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in 1890. This was the first Alpine flower garden to be established on German soil. And, in terms of its scientific concept and scope, the Brocken Garden was the first of its type worldwide.

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The count's guest house on the Heinrichshöhe had become too small and suffered from overcrowding; in 1799 it burned down. In 1800, a new guest house was built on the Brocken to replace it.

1935:). Much richer in variety, by contrast, is the range of species in the system of crevices under the streambed. In addition to the insects and fish hatchlings that thrive here, may be found 369: 3284: 2070: 4213: 2487:) in light of the mass tourism that was beginning to affect the Brocken. By 1912, he effectively pressed for the establishment of a Harz national park, without calling it such, in 1307:). The soils in the higher regions are, as in most of the Harz, comparatively poor in nutrients and bases, so that only a few herbaceous plants occur here, such as heath bedstraw ( 2333:

in 1129. From that it can be deduced that there was already a shortage of wood then. From the 12th to the 14th centuries, large parts of the Harz were managed economically by the

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Spruce woods thrive in the highest locations from about 800 m to the tree line at around 1,000 m above sea level. These woods are also home to some deciduous trees such as rowan,

5365: 2869:– has declined markedly. However, the heavy metal residues in the soils of the Upper Harz, which in some cases are significant, represent a serious environmental hazard today. 2833:, came to an end. Bearing witness to the industry are cultural monuments as well as the negative consequences of mining for the environment such as e. g. pollution of the 5597: 2420:

So lonely, I say to myself, while looking down at this peak, will it feel to the person, who only wants to open his soul to the oldest, first, deepest feelings of truth.

4620: 4177:, Quedlinburg and Nordhausen. The Harz used to be served by a number of branch lines, some of which are still open. Those operating regular passenger services are the 823: 5743: 5358: 2368: 617:

Because of the heavy rainfall in the region the rivers of the Harz Mountains were dammed from an early date. Examples of such masonry dams are the two largest: the

625:. The clear, cool water of the mountain streams was also dammed by early mountain folk to form the various mountain ponds of the Upper Harz waterways, such as the 5738: 799: 5708: 1203:

formations, and they have a vegetation layer rich in variety and luxuriant growth. Here, too, the common beech dominates, mixed, for example, with sycamore,

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region, with 62 signed mountain bike routes and four bike parks with lift facilities in Braunlage, Hahnenklee, Schulenberg and Thale. The bike parks offer

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in the east, and a width of 35 kilometres (22 mi). It occupies an area of 2,226 square kilometres (859 sq mi), and is divided into the

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issued an ordinance in which destruction or damage to the forest on the Brocken would be severely punished. In 1736, Christian Ernest also built the

4134:), a narrow (metre)-gauge steam and diesel-powered railway network is a very popular mode of transport, especially with tourists. The railways link 1865: 1227:). As a result of the increasingly continental climate on the eastern edge of the Harz, the common beech gives way to mixed forests of sessile oak. 2681:

summit of the Brocken annually. The former out-of-bounds area today has many habitats worth protecting and, as a result, it is being turned into a

2476:. For example, the botanist, Bley, wanted to prevent trains from climbing the Brocken, because it he felt it would threaten the Brocken's flora. 1163:) may be found growing in wetter places. During times of decay and rejuvenation when there is plenty of light, light-dependent pioneers such as 5590: 2655: 2064:. Settlement within the mountains began only 1000 years ago, as in ancient times dense forests made the region almost inaccessible. The suffix 649:, which was built between 1928 and 1931. The dams of the Upper Harz lakes are some of the oldest dams in Germany that are still in operation. 5698: 2202:

move from Africa into Europe, including to the Harz region, where they appear to have ousted the Neanderthals and subsequently settled here.

1311:). For that reason it is more the ferns, mosses, lichens and fungi that, in addition to spruce trees, characterise these woods. Boulders and 4613: 4178: 3490: 2282:, a suffix that is first discernable in the Harzgau from the mid-9th century. Where the founders of these villages came from is unknown. 253: 5718: 5693: 5281: 2434:

outbreak and a storm of hurricane proportions in November 1800. This largest known bark beetle infestation in the Harz was known as the

4217: 2322:. There were three restricted forests, so described, in the state of Saxony, where there was no longer unfettered access for everyone. 5763: 5703: 4953: 2904: 5723: 5583: 4401: 4360: 4309: 1667: 126: 590:

covers the Brocken and surrounding wilderness area. Approximately 600,000 people live in towns and villages of the Harz Mountains.

2344:, and a systematic resettlement of mining villages in the Upper Harz did not take place until the first half of the 16th century. 321:

oldest rock > 560 million years (Ecker gneiss-educt), youngest pre-quaternary rocks c. 290 million years (Brocken granite)

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forests, whilst the Lower Harz gradually descends into the surrounding area and has deciduous forests interspersed with meadows.

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runs along the southwestern perimeter of the Harz via Osterode to Bad Lauterberg. In addition there is a good federal road (the

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is very important to the Harz, although the prevalence of cheap air travel has led to a decline in recent years. There are many

2643:. Not until 7 May 1945 did the last formations of the 11th Army and Waffen SS in the Harz surrender. Several units of 1961:, or can only live in the reduced water velocities on the bed of the stream or on stones by having flat body shapes, e. g. 766:

Panorama in the Harz Mountains. From left to right: the peaks of the Rehberg, the Achtermannshöhe, the Brocken and the Wurmberg.

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were produced. The slave labourers at the Dora camp were subjected to brutal conditions, which led to more than 20,000 deaths.

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In the 1930s, national park planning in Germany became specific again. There were concrete plans for the national parks of the

5753: 4791: 1605: 1386:) woods only occur in small areas. In these places the common beech gives way to hardier deciduous species such as sycamore, 64: 4245: 4221: 3478:

in St. Andreasberg also served as a training mine until the 20th century and is today, preserved true to the original, as a

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in the southern Harz, and went to advance northwards, it met with resistance, especially in the hills around the towns of

2563: 2195: 774: 512: 2654:, admitted to having participated in a massacre of German POWs in the Harz area. At the time, Sheeran was serving in the 4110: 1003: 246: 148: 4237: 4182: 2907:. In addition to the classical disciplines of mining and metallurgy, many engineering and science subjects, as well as 2693: 2337:. As well as agriculture and fishing, they also controlled the silver mining industry in the Upper Harz and in Goslar. 1398:

is similar to that of the better-nourished beech woods. Notable species amongst the plant communities here include the

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Urte Dally (2004), Harald Meller (ed.), "Heilige Waffen im Harz – die Keule von Thale und der Zinken von Welbsleben",

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valleys are the best known. A representative cross-section of all the Harz rocks is displayed on the Jordanshöhe near

1356:) are also typical of this type of woodland habitat. The characteristic species of fungi in natural spruce woods are 5666: 5565: 4186: 3071:

on the cross-country routes, the toboggan slopes, footpaths, alpine ski pistes and rough terrain is provided by the

5264: 4707: 4551: 4466: 4225: 4123: 3167: 3013:, there are plenty of winter sport facilities. Of particular note are the villages and towns of Altenau (including 2628: 2532:

prevented these national park plans from being taken forward; nevertheless, in 1937, an Upper Harz Nature Reserve (

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in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of

107: 4300:, which runs from Goslar in the north over the Upper Harz (Clausthal-Zellerfeld) as far as Osterode in the south. 4241: 5768: 4086: 4026: 3986: 1620: 79: 5114: 2441:

In 1818, a mounted forester, Spellerberg, from Lautenthal, killed the last lynx in the Harz on the Teufelsberg.

209: 5713: 5018: 4750: 4642: 3459: 3171: 2746: 2116:(East Germany). Today the Harz forms a popular tourist destination for summer hiking as well as winter sports. 1002:), when the northern edge was steeply tilted. This formed a fault zone on the northern border of the Harz (the 655: 362: 5500: 5430: 4518: 3589: 3411: 3204:

The mountains of the Harz were used in former times for long walks (e. g. by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,

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are derived, means forest or forested mountains, and the Harudes were the residents or dwellers in the Harud.

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from Saxony and Bohemia, that went back to the settlement of mining folk from that area in the 16th century.

2969:, and almost every village in the Harz and Harz Foreland caters to tourists. Well-known destinations are the 2340:

In the middle of the 14th century, the settlements in the Harz became heavily depopulated as a result of the

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and to supply water in times of scarcity. Modern dam-building began in the Harz with the construction of the

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plays an important economic role, as do the associated wood-working industries. In the first millennium AD,

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occurs in old, open wood-reed spruce forest, sometimes in connection with stone runs or bog spruce forests;

1627: 1594: 1423: 560: 492:) in the east which is up to around 400 m high and whose plateaus are capable of supporting arable farming. 86: 53: 3242:, with 222 checkpoints and a range of walking badges that may be earned for various levels of achievement. 2318:

which, for centuries, formed the basis on which German law was administered, described the Harz as a place

5305: 5293: 5209: 5037: 4755: 3544: 3221: 3113: 2876:. The last centres of mining were the Rammelsberg near Goslar (closed 1988) and the Hilfe Gottes Pit near 978:. They were, however, heavily eroded due to their height (up to 4 km) and were later covered over by 634: 532: 504: 2926:) were predominant on the higher ground – typical of a natural highland forest. Hence one spoke of going 5276: 5150: 4813: 4460: 4139: 3941: 3693: 3506: 3320: 2781:

output, silver mining in the Harz would never have been able to attain its major economic significance.

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In 1588, the Nordhausen doctor, Johannes Thal, published the first book on regional flora in the world,

1601: 1415: 60: 31: 5269: 5197: 4946: 3623: 3440: 3350:). Unlike the Lower Saxon, Eastphalian and Thuringian dialects of the surrounding region, this was an 2997:

Although winter sport in the Harz does not have the significance of other mountain areas, such as the

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about 10,000 years ago. A significant proportion of the vegetation on these raised bogs is made up of

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on the Brocken massif. Its highest peak is the Brocken (1,141 m), its subsidiary peaks are the

434:(971 metres (3,186 ft)) is the highest peak located entirely within the state of Lower Saxony. 5636: 5550: 5490: 5460: 4297: 4293: 4273: 4202: 4198: 4147: 3907: 3698: 3574: 2677: 2450: 2105: 1559: 1451: 1438: 1288: 896: 484:) in the northwest, which is up to 800 m high, apart from the 1,100 m high Brocken massif, and the 419: 316: 5126: 5530: 5400: 5168: 4845: 4802: 4159: 4131: 4094: 4040: 3998: 3970: 3564: 3426:, they were explored very early on by the mining industry. The mines have often been turned into 3358:

occasional articles in the local papers are printed in "Upper Harz", which helps to preserve it.

3340: 3238: 3233: 3217: 2970: 2885: 2777:(with a volume of 8 million cubic metres) are still used today. Without using their considerable 2770: 2610: 2186:

in the Einhorn Cave in the southern Harz (100,000 years ago) and in the Rübeland Caves. Finds of

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in the Harz are some of the best preserved in central Europe. They were formed at the end of the

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routes. Both the signed cycle paths and the bike parks are suitable for every level of cyclist.

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Shortly before his death in 2003, American Second World War veteran and organized crime figure,

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larvae. In the calmer parts of the stream, behind stones or in blankets of moss, there are also

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light-loving species such as silver birch, rowan, sycamore, willow and dwarf bushes such as the

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Around the Harz a number of railway lines form a ring. They are, clockwise from the north, the

3196:) service also operates in summer, rescuing people involved in accidents on difficult terrain. 1721:. Characteristic breeding birds in the beech woods, with their abundance of dead wood, are the 5626: 5505: 5485: 5252: 5097: 4881: 4821: 4808: 4786: 4397: 4356: 4281: 4277: 4269: 4072: 4014: 4002: 3974: 3797: 3732: 3683: 3510: 3403: 3034: 2998: 2809:

mines and, in the vicinity of Röblingen, geological waxes were extracted by a mining concern.

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is permitted and, on a number of rivers originating in the Harz, there are opportunities for

543:(Lower Harz). Only on the southeastern perimeter of the Upper Harz, which is also called the 5470: 5435: 5240: 5179: 5109: 4965: 4958: 4905: 4850: 4774: 4577: 4265: 4206: 4048: 4006: 3978: 3962: 3841: 3817: 3703: 3658: 3648: 3599: 3534: 3475: 3446: 3379: 2908: 2774: 2726: 2594: 2529: 2394: 2380: 2334: 1892: 1826: 1790: 1770: 1746: 1722: 1399: 1395: 1349: 983: 686: 556: 500: 426:

is the highest summit in the Harz with an elevation of 1,141.1 metres (3,744 ft) above

415: 309: 5520: 5073: 5013: 4833: 4677: 4666: 4629: 4385: 4233: 4090: 4082: 3966: 3837: 3747: 3633: 3423: 3391: 3288: 3042: 2710: 2469: 2232: 2179: 2074: 2061: 1802: 1737:). An indication of the natural state of the beech woods in the Harz is the return of the 1523: 1375: 1212: 987: 928: 844: 572: 431: 292: 5350: 4682: 4671: 3877: 3151:

The Harz offers a range of climbing areas like, the Oker valley, with its rock outcrops (

2480: 4448: 2190:

near Aschersleben on the northern edge of the Harz point to the use of this prehistoric

1872:), which only occurs in Lower Saxony in the Harz, and is endangered in Germany, and the 5495: 5420: 5415: 4982: 4910: 4898: 4737: 4702: 4647: 4589: 4031: 4021:. In historical times, high ridges and spurs were used as sites for fortified castles ( 3937: 3663: 3643: 3324: 3312: 3304: 3205: 3106: 3018: 2947: 2550: 2462: 2298: 2205:

Many discoveries in the Harz, such as the bronze club of Thale, which was found by the

1531: 1363: 1256: 1164: 1062: 975: 730: 706: 638: 603: 587: 508: 459: 285: 4296:), which crosses the Harz in an east–west direction (from Seesen to Mansfeld) and the 3498: 5688: 5682: 5656: 5651: 5610: 5545: 5480: 5121: 5061: 5025: 5001: 4838: 4474: 4393: 4068: 4064: 3945: 3678: 3351: 3163: 3038: 3002: 2951: 2939: 2785: 2762: 2651: 2525: 2521: 2139: 2131: 2021: 1971: 1685: 1292: 1191:

beech woods are found in the few places where there is an abundance of nutrients and

940: 867: 738: 734: 710: 694: 690: 674: 642: 387: 379: 232: 5340: 2849:

The booming mining industry of bygone centuries in the Harz region – especially for

2100:, ore from this region was exported along trade routes to far-flung places, such as 2081:, to stub) denotes a place where woodland had been cleared to develop a settlement. 5450: 5389: 5324: 5220: 5204: 5054: 4857: 4767: 4654: 4056: 4018: 4010: 3982: 3919: 3887: 3782: 3727: 3554: 3539: 3479: 3407: 3262: 3186: 3141: 3117: 3006: 2923: 2838: 2606: 2495: 2126: 2109: 2096:

became established in the following centuries throughout the mountains. During the

2010: 1966: 1754: 1495: 1180: 1172: 1132: 1083: 912: 862: 856: 849: 742: 722: 670: 622: 383: 227: 5030: 4826: 4284:) from Goslar to Braunlage. The North Harz Foreland benefits from the newly built 3997:

The high elevation of many places in the Harz has been used to advantage to erect

3857: 2393:

The steadily increasing consumption of wood by the pits and smelting works led to

2207: 1641: 1340:). The ground vegetation may also have a rich proliferation of low bushes such as 466:

The Harz has a length of 110 kilometres (68 mi), stretching from the town of

455: 100: 4420: 3323:

in a north–south direction. There is also a 25 km route from Wernigerode to

2182:

and other animals in the Harz region. Tools used by Neanderthals were discovered

1235:

At intermediate heights of between 700 and 800 m above sea level, mixed woods of

563:(1,023 m) to the southwest. Other prominent hills in the Harz are the Acker- 527:

The dividing line between Upper and Lower Harz follows approximately a line from

5555: 5535: 5515: 5465: 5445: 5300: 5090: 5066: 5042: 4933: 4917: 4762: 4565: 4418:

Bergbauinduzierte Schwermetallkontaminationen und Bodenplanung in der Harzregion

4170: 4143: 4135: 4052: 3933: 3923: 3915: 3899: 3777: 3712: 3668: 3638: 3559: 3467: 3316: 3229: 3182: 3145: 3125: 3037:

and Oderbrück) and Schierke. Due to the high altitude and length of their runs,

3030: 3022: 2935: 2891: 2818: 2758: 2745:– and around 30 other villages within and on the edge of the Harz can thank the 2517: 2456:"a rock outcrop famous as an object of folklore and as a rare natural curiosity" 2431: 2341: 2285: 2236: 2187: 2143: 2101: 2097: 2057: 1941: 1920: 1842: 1778: 1738: 1583: 1503: 1471: 1324:). Mosses and ferns are also common here. One unusual species is the Carpathian 1260: 1148: 1140: 1014: 781: 718: 702: 678: 42: 4459: 5646: 5510: 5405: 5317: 5312: 5288: 5006: 4977: 4862: 4719: 4714: 4256: 4036: 3911: 3873: 3869: 3861: 3849: 3772: 3628: 3549: 3463: 3458:

show mine in Netzkater. Others have been turned into mining museums, like the

3431: 3399: 3225: 3105:

In summer, the main activity in the Harz, by far, is walking. In recent years

3086: 3026: 2798: 2778: 2734: 2722: 2714: 2623: 2587: 2583: 2571: 2167: 2155: 2135: 1950: 1908: 1900: 1861: 1730: 1694: 1447: 1312: 1204: 1124: 999: 955: 932: 924: 476: 427: 4598: 4205:

is only used by goods traffic at present, but there are plans to run it as a

2817:. With the closure of this facility, mining operations that had begun in the 2424:

On 23 March 1798, the last wolf was killed in the Harz near the Plessenburg.

2320:

where wild animals are guaranteed protection in the king's restricted forests

268: 255: 5475: 5425: 5410: 5385: 5329: 5245: 4922: 4886: 4797: 4742: 4731: 4560: 4538: 4163: 3903: 3891: 3767: 3757: 3569: 3434:

was for a long time the deepest mine in the world. Other show mines are the

3427: 3419: 3395: 3213: 3212:). An extensive network of footpaths is maintained today, especially by the 3175: 3073: 2877: 2834: 2742: 2718: 2618: 2575: 2159: 2037: 1995: 1936: 1888: 1881: 1786: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1491: 1455: 1358: 1333: 1317: 1220: 1192: 1128: 1071:

Altimontane zone: highest areas (except the Brocken summit) between 850 and

916: 904: 884: 872: 626: 576: 564: 528: 391: 341: 331: 237: 5575: 5192: 3270:

or the Feuerstein near Schierke, among several) that are used by climbers.

3041:

is very popular. International winter sport competitions take place on the

2219: 4436: 3981:

are found mainly on the edge of the Harz. In Hahnenklee there is a wooden

1558:), which is rust-red in the autumn. One fascinating moorland plant is the 17: 5145: 5049: 4989: 4928: 4695: 4452: 4060: 3958: 3895: 3865: 3845: 3787: 3737: 3722: 3688: 3673: 3609: 3604: 3516:

The following towns and villages are found in or around the Harz region:

3279: 3246: 3121: 3046: 3014: 2966: 2919: 2915: 2873: 2750: 2545: 2303: 2248: 2191: 2175: 2033: 2029: 1976: 1962: 1818: 1702: 1487: 1341: 1196: 1156: 995: 991: 979: 920: 915:. The landscapes of the Harz are characterised by steep mountain ridges, 714: 662: 618: 551:) (Goslar, Göttingen and Harz districts), does the mountain range exceed 471: 30:

This article is about the mountain range in Germany. For other uses, see

3371: 5621: 5525: 5184: 5173: 5162: 5157: 5133: 5085: 4874: 4690: 4077: 3853: 3594: 3529: 3524: 3300: 3296: 3137: 2989: 2974: 2962: 2738: 2640: 2570:

mainly in the tunnel excavation and nearby underground stations of the

2384: 2228: 2163: 2147: 2041: 1608: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1551: 1019: 951: 892: 888: 726: 598: 423: 345: 304: 164: 4502: 3812: 3315:

which is 51 kilometres (32 mi) long and crosses the Harz between

3311:) which takes place on the last Saturday of April. The main run is an 1680: 1478:) are home to different species of flora. In the flarks, for example, 1033:

There is a room devoted to geology in the Harz Museum in Wernigerode.

5606: 5381: 5228: 5078: 4522: 3833: 3792: 3742: 3717: 3653: 3618: 3471: 3387: 2881: 2858: 2850: 2822: 2814: 2806: 2794: 2789: 2754: 2665: 2636: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2002: 1958: 1912: 1873: 1860:

Only a few animals are able to survive the extreme conditions of the

1284: 1272: 1236: 1200: 1188: 908: 900: 467: 171: 2934:

its name. Today, however, the commercially managed areas are mainly

1534:(Calluna vulgaris) grows on the drier hummocks and occasionally the 1502:) is a relict of the ice age. Other such ice age plants include the 970:, numerous high mountains appeared in Western Europe, including the 609: 447: 4510: 4329: 4169:

Main line railways serve the major towns around the Harz including

3094: 2613:. Amongst the formations mobilised were divisions belonging to the 1041: 875:

rocks. The most common rocks lying on the surface are argillaceous

4726: 4255: 4174: 4109: 3811: 3762: 3752: 3505: 3497: 3489: 3383: 3370: 3129: 3093: 3085: 2988: 2692: 2346: 2244: 2218: 2171: 2151: 1718: 1698: 1679: 1463: 1437: 1325: 1131:

beech woods on locations poorly supplied with nutrients where the

1109: 1040: 876: 843: 698: 682: 608: 597: 536: 454: 446: 337: 1949:). Other species of animals cling fast to the stones, e. g. 1486:. The blanket of peat moss is penetrated by dwarf bushes such as 1139:) is often the only tree species. In lower, drier locations the 4893: 4075:. In addition to these defensive structures, palatial castles ( 3346:

A feature of the Upper Harz is, or was, the Upper Harz dialect (

3010: 2981:(HVV) is responsible for the marketing of the Harz to tourists. 2866: 2862: 2854: 2830: 2826: 2501:

The Wernigerode rector, W. Voigt, wrote, in 1926, in his famous

1280: 936: 666: 540: 5579: 5354: 4602: 2390:

In 1705, the last bear was killed in the Harz, on the Brocken.

4941: 3136:

Several hills provide a base for airborne activities, such as

2821:

and had continued unbroken since the 16th century, extracting

2472:

began service in 1899, against the already strong concerns of

2448:

In 1852, the district administrator of Quedlinburg placed the

1577: 1570:(Vaccinium uliginosum) grows on the drier margins of the bog. 1098:

Colin zone: areas around the edge of the Harz between 250 and

521: 36: 2713:

in the Harz has its origins about 3,000 years ago during the

1279:). Conditions of high humidity foster an environment rich in 4482: 2805:). In the North Thuringian mining area, there were numerous 2757:, too, whose splendour depended on the ore treasures of the 891:

intrusions in the shape of two large igneous rock masses or

3327:

and a 28 km course from Benneckenstein to Nordhausen.

3162:

The Harz has also developed in recent years into a popular

3090:

The Oker with white water. A footpath is on the right bank.

2567: 2211:, could indicate an earlier Celtic occupation of the Harz. 2017:) also uses the rich food supplies of the mountain brooks. 4530: 2483:

uttered his famous cry "More Protection for the Brocken" (

2364:, in which he described the flowers specific to the Harz. 1769:) may also be found here. It breeds almost exclusively in 966:, about 350 to 250 million years ago. At that time in the 4494: 2872:

Copper workings are still important today in the area of

2278:

Of more recent origin are settlements whose names end in

1054:

The vegetation of the Harz mountains is divided into six

1022:

sediments lie flat on southwest-dipping Palaeozoic beds.

2235:, from the year 814, in which it was referred to by its 954:

of the Harz hills began during a prominent phase of the

4539:

Adventure Harz - (tourist homepage for the Harz region)

782:

List of rock formations (crags, tors, etc.) in the Harz

4470:. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. pp. 507–508. 2801:

mine in the Harz, the former Rabenstein Gallery Mine (

1530:) may also be seen amongst those bearing black fruit. 899:, which is widespread in the Harz, consists mainly of 535:, which roughly separates the catchment areas for the 4549: 4260:

The B 4/B 242 Harz high road near Braunlage

3307:

of Germany organised by the Wernigerode Skiing Club (

2231:

itself was first mentioned in a deed by the Emperor,

2146:

entered the stage about 250,000 years ago and hunted

1550:), known for its bright, white clusters of fruit and 4511:

Harzer Schmalspurbahnen (Harz Narrow Gauge Railways)

2930:("into the hardwood forest"), a term which gave the 2664:, one of the leading figures in the development of 2647:troops fought on against the Americans during May. 1857:is a native of the bilberry-rich bog spruce woods. 325: 315: 303: 298: 284: 245: 220: 201: 193: 185: 180: 170: 160: 155: 141: 67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2351:Prospecte des Hartzwalds (View of the Harz Forest) 2288:declared the Harz a restricted imperial forest or 4193:lines. All the branch lines in Lower Saxony (the 990:times the Harz was uplifted in a single block by 2108:ran through the Harz, the west belonging to the 1482:is found, whereas the hummocks are preferred by 1247:. Sycamore trees are also found in these woods. 1077:Mean montane zone: higher areas between 750 and 903:. Well-known and economically important are the 4355:(in German), Stuttgart: Theiss, pp. 108f, 2406:("Little House in the Clouds") on the Brocken. 2314:) are allowed to hunt here". Eike von Repkow's 2247:annals of 852, the Harzgau was occupied by the 721:) flow into the Bode. The Wipper is fed by the 3422:. Because the older formations contained many 1833:). Special mention should be made here of the 414:derives from a Celtic name and could refer to 5591: 5366: 4614: 4146:and the Brocken. Prior to the closure of the 4029:, where Eike von Repkow probably drew up the 1092:Submontane zone: lower areas between 300 and 871:, although it is overwhelmingly dominated by 8: 3236:), as well as a trans-regional project, the 2753:for their boom. The former imperial town of 2593:In February/March 1945 the SS Reichsführer, 2369:Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2194:by Neanderthals about 50,000 years ago. The 4483:Homepage of the Harz Regional Association ( 3418:and, on the southern edge of the Harz, the 681:in the south. The Innerste merges into the 5598: 5584: 5576: 5373: 5359: 5351: 4621: 4607: 4599: 4272:in the south. A four-lane motor road, the 3466:Mining Museum with its pit railway or the 2914:The extensive woods of the Harz mean that 1982:Occasionally the golden-ringed dragonfly ( 1688:– once again found living wild in the Harz 729:and the Oder; the latter being fed by the 138: 3335:The main dialects of the Harz region are 3245:The Harz is also home to Germany's first 2371:granted the first conservation order for 1891:are important habitat components for the 1668:Learn how and when to remove this message 1123:From the edge of the Harz to 700 m above 499:) fall wholly or partly within the Harz: 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 2409:As a young man, the famous German poet, 2387:. The first Harz 'rangers' were formed. 1542:) may be found. Typical grasses are the 559:(1,044 m) to the southeast and the 4556: 4321: 3382:processes have led to the formation of 994:movements and, particularly during the 895:. The Gießen-Harz surface layer of the 795: 661:The largest rivers in the Harz are the 5744:Forests and woodlands of Saxony-Anhalt 4150:the present-day network was joined at 3709: 3615: 3521: 3470:Mining Museum near Goslar, which is a 2717:. The seven Upper Harz mining towns – 1998:, can be seen by streams in the Harz. 1086:: medium height areas between 525 and 27:Low mountain range in northern Germany 5739:Forests and woodlands of Lower Saxony 2903:). Another important employer is the 2024:was successfully reintroduced by the 1884:which is threatened with extinction. 1127:beech woods dominate, especially the 1028:Klassischen Quadratmeile der Geologie 361: 214:Topographic map of the Harz Mountains 7: 5709:Mountains and hills of Saxony-Anhalt 2911:courses, are taught and researched. 1606:adding citations to reliable sources 907:deposits around Elbingerode and the 65:adding citations to reliable sources 4059:, as well as the ruined castles of 3260:near Thale, there are rocks on the 3052:Also worth mentioning are the many 2130:hunted in and around the Harz near 2124:About 700,000 to 350,000 years ago 2112:(West Germany) and the east to the 418:, but has also been applied to the 197:2,226 km (859 sq mi) 5749:Forests and woodlands of Thuringia 3128:sections. International canoe and 2905:Clausthal University of Technology 2880:(closed 1992). In Bad Lauterberg, 2414:interest in science (see Goethes: 2084:The year 968 saw the discovery of 25: 3216:. In addition, there are several 3109:has become increasingly popular. 2597:, established the Harz Fortress ( 2566:. Its prisoners were used by the 2540:Nazi Germany and Second World War 2498:population in the Harz died out. 1330:Betula pubescens subsp. carpatica 705:all discharge into the Oker. The 5665: 5564: 5339: 4583: 4571: 4559: 4447: 4435: 4162:), which ran from Walkenried to 3045:ski jump near Braunlage and the 2052:The Harz was first mentioned as 1582: 822: 810: 798: 755: 208: 147: 41: 4475:Harz at Encyclopædia Britannica 4013:, the observation tower on the 3989:which was consecrated in 1908. 3511:Castle and abbey of Quedlinburg 3062:Förderverein Loipenverbund Harz 3033:, Sankt Andreasberg (including 1593:needs additional citations for 1073:1,000 m above NN 1067:1,000 m above NN 947:near the car park (see photo). 553:1,000 m above NN 52:needs additional citations for 4218:Halberstadt–Vienenburg railway 3181:Roads in the Harz are used by 2784:In the eastern Harz Foreland ( 2516:, Bavarian – Bohemian Forest, 2335:Cistercian Abbey of Walkenried 2198:, about 40,000 years ago, saw 1522:) bloom from May to June. The 176:1,141.2 m (3,744 ft) 1: 4268:motorway in the west and the 4126:), colloquially known as the 4025:). In the Harz these include 3822:626 m above NN 3462:in Clausthal-Zellerfeld, the 3098:Former climbing areas on the 2803:Bergwerk Rabensteiner Stollen 2605:from the western allies. Its 2564:Buchenwald concentration camp 2196:Upper Palaeolithic Revolution 2120:Pre-history and early history 1100:300 m above NN 1094:525 m above NN 1088:750 m above NN 1079:850 m above NN 725:. The Rhume is joined by the 717:(whose main tributary is the 5699:Mountain ranges of Thuringia 4455:travel guide from Wikivoyage 4214:Heudeber–Danstedt–Vienenburg 3454:show mine in Ilfeld and the 2769:, of which 70 kilometres of 2534:Naturschutzgebietes Oberharz 1864:. Examples of these are the 1004:Northern Harz Boundary Fault 685:and its tributaries are the 586:is located in the Harz; the 336:and magmatic rocks – mainly 4081:) were also built, such as 3993:Towers, palaces and castles 2656:45th U.S. Infantry Division 2485:Mehr Schutz für den Brocken 2375:. The ducal decree stated, 2110:Federal Republic of Germany 960:Hercynian mountain building 515:in the north and east, and 5785: 5719:Natural regions of Germany 5694:Mountain ranges of Germany 5265:Thuringian Slate Mountains 4264:The Harz is grazed by the 4226:Berlin-Blankenheim Railway 4124:Harz Narrow Gauge Railways 3808:Towns in the Harz Foreland 3398:layers of the Harz. These 3256:In the Oker Valley and at 3192:The Harz Mountain Rescue ( 3159:being especially popular. 2888:in three large open pits ( 2672:Former Inner German border 2461:Albert Peter laid out the 2114:German Democratic Republic 2088:deposits near the town of 958:era, in the course of the 854: 29: 5764:Climbing areas of Germany 5704:Mountains of Lower Saxony 5663: 5617: 5562: 5396: 5337: 5241:Teutoburg Forest (Osning) 4637: 4495:Official tourist homepage 4485:Regionalverband Harz e.V. 4246:Vienenburg–Goslar railway 4222:Halle–Halberstadt railway 3987:Gustav Adolf Stave Church 3474:world heritage site. The 3375:Rammelsberg Mining Museum 2627:. When the United States 1925:Salmon trutta forma fario 1394:), Scots elm or ash. The 775:List of hills in the Harz 745:all flow into the Helme. 495:The following districts ( 451:Map of the Harz mountains 206: 146: 5724:Regions of Saxony-Anhalt 4751:Elbe Sandstone Mountains 4643:Anterior Bavarian Forest 4310:Hiking trails in Germany 4201:) have been closed. The 3460:Upper Harz Mining Museum 3309:Skiklub Wernigerode 1911 3049:facility at Sonnenberg. 2788:and Sangerhäuser Mulde) 2705:Historic mining industry 1975:) and small shrimp-like 1114:Spruce woods in the Harz 656:List of dams in the Harz 567:ridge (927 m), the 410:(hill forest). The name 334:sedimentary, metamorphic 189:110 km (68 mi) 5729:Regions of Lower Saxony 4531:Blog on the Harz region 4467:Encyclopædia Britannica 4353:Der Geschmiedete Himmel 4330:"Das Luchsprojekt Harz" 4238:Herzberg–Seesen railway 4195:Innerste Valley Railway 4179:Halberstadt–Blankenburg 4120:Harzer Schmalspurbahnen 3816:Carlshaus Tower on the 3494:Old town of Wernigerode 3210:Hans Christian Andersen 3069:mountain rescue service 3021:, Braunlage (including 2767:Upper Harz Water Regale 2356:16th century until 1933 1428:Phegopteris connectilis 1400:Alpine blue-sow-thistle 1065:: Brocken summit, over 462:at the summit in winter 5038:North Palatine Uplands 4461:"Harz Mountains" 4261: 4187:Klostermansfeld–Wippra 4115: 3825: 3545:Bad Lauterberg im Harz 3513: 3503: 3495: 3441:Drei Kronen & Ehrt 3376: 3292: 3251:Harzer Naturistenstieg 3114:reservoirs in the Harz 3102: 3091: 2994: 2993:View of the Upper Harz 2979:Harzer Verkehrsverband 2701: 2489:Der Harzer Heimatspark 2352: 2224: 2078: 2056:in an 814 deed by the 1870:Somatochlora alpestris 1689: 1443: 1115: 1046: 1008:Harznordrandverwerfung 865:diverse of the German 852: 614: 606: 463: 452: 416:other mountain forests 5754:Carboniferous Germany 5501:Oldenburg Münsterland 5277:Upper Palatine Forest 5151:Geiersberg (Breitsol) 4720:(Prussian) Velmerstot 4259: 4242:Goslar–Seesen railway 4191:Berga-Kelbra–Stolberg 4113: 4035:, the most important 3815: 3509: 3501: 3493: 3374: 3097: 3089: 2992: 2696: 2416:Wahrheit und Dichtung 2350: 2302:), the oldest German 2222: 1984:Cordulegaster boltoni 1839:Glaucidium passerinum 1683: 1484:Sphagnum magellanicum 1441: 1420:Polystichum aculeatum 1368:Tricholomopsis decora 1346:Vaccinium vitis-idaea 1297:Calamagrostis villosa 1113: 1044: 861:The Harz is the most 847: 677:in the east; and the 612: 602:Reservoir behind the 601: 571:(925 m) and the 458: 450: 32:Harz (disambiguation) 5734:Regions of Thuringia 5306:Paschenburg Mountain 4875:Brocken (Blocksberg) 4444:at Wikimedia Commons 4230:Halle-Kassel Railway 4114:Narrow gauge railway 4047:near Neustadt/Harz, 4005:. These include the 3585:Clausthal-Zellerfeld 3456:Rabensteiner Stollen 3416:Iberg Dripstone Cave 3352:Ore Mountain dialect 3331:Dialects of the Harz 3200:Walking and climbing 3124:and other sports on 3054:cross-country skiing 2699:Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2586:and the flying bomb 2562:), was a subcamp of 2331:Frederick Barbarossa 2142:(Lower Saxony). The 1988:beautiful demoiselle 1799:Regulus ignicapillus 1602:improve this article 1564:Drosera rotundifolia 1548:Eriophorum vaginatum 1544:sheathed cottongrass 1382:) and river source ( 968:history of the Earth 964:Carboniferous period 835:Geology and pedology 817:Braunlage (windward) 635:generate electricity 470:in the northwest to 61:improve this article 4756:Großer Zschirnstein 4199:Oder Valley Railway 4148:Inner German border 4051:near Stecklenberg, 3953:Abbeys and churches 3699:Oberharz am Brocken 3430:. For example, the 3362:Tourist attractions 3222:Harz Witches' Trail 3218:long-distance paths 2751:smelting industries 2678:Inner German border 2617:, divisions of the 2251:and after whom the 2243:. According to the 2106:Inner German border 1945:) and water mites ( 1855:Enthephria caesiata 1560:round-leaved sundew 1520:Vaccinium oxicoccus 1500:Andromeda polifolia 1480:Sphagnum cuspidatum 1322:Vaccinium myrtillus 1161:Acer pseudoplatanus 897:Rhenohercynian zone 848:Gabbro Quarry near 443:Location and extent 420:geology of the Harz 374:), also called the 265: / 5759:Cretaceous Germany 5531:South Lower Saxony 5441:County of Bentheim 5401:Achim-Verden Geest 5270:Großer Farmdenkopf 5169:Lusatian Mountains 4846:Gladenbach Uplands 4814:Sieben-Linden-Berg 4503:Harz National Park 4416:Friedhart Knolle: 4262: 4160:South Harz Railway 4132:Trans-Harz Railway 4116: 4095:Wernigerode Castle 4087:Blankenburg Castle 4041:German Middle Ages 4027:Falkenstein Castle 4003:observation towers 3826: 3514: 3504: 3496: 3486:Towns and villages 3377: 3348:Oberharzer Mundart 3249:hiking trail, the 3239:Harzer Wandernadel 3234:Selke Valley Trail 3103: 3092: 2995: 2971:Harz National Park 2702: 2697:Mining archive in 2536:) was designated. 2436:Große Wurmtrocknis 2353: 2225: 2026:Harz National Park 1815:Certhia familiaris 1690: 1556:Scirpus cespitosus 1536:cross-leaved heath 1512:few-flowered sedge 1444: 1392:Tilia platyphyllos 1364:prunes and custard 1359:Phellinus viticola 1209:Fraxinus excelsior 1116: 1047: 952:geological folding 950:The formation and 919:, relatively flat 853: 829:Mansfeld (leeward) 805:Brocken (windward) 673:in the north; the 615: 607: 584:Harz National Park 575:(971 m) near 464: 453: 400:Middle High German 156:Highest point 5674: 5673: 5632:Chemical Triangle 5627:Anhalt-Wittenberg 5573: 5572: 5348: 5347: 5253:Thuringian Forest 5098:Rothaar Mountains 4947:Lauensteiner Kopf 4882:Hildesheim Forest 4822:Franconian Forest 4787:Fichtel Mountains 4440:Media related to 4183:Quedlinburg–Thale 3805: 3804: 3733:Sankt Andreasberg 3684:Niedersachswerfen 2999:Thuringian Forest 2946:of the so-called 2747:Upper Harz mining 2731:Sankt Andreasberg 2662:Wernher von Braun 2520:, Höllengebirge, 2494:Around 1920, the 2400:House of Stolberg 2015:Motacilla cinerea 1878:Aeshna subarctica 1851:Gnophos sordarius 1831:Loxia curvirostra 1767:Aegolius funereus 1727:Dryocopus martius 1678: 1677: 1670: 1652: 1568:northern bilberry 1408:perennial honesty 1388:large-leaved lime 1350:purple moor grass 1305:Avenella flexuosa 1245:forest management 1155:) occur as well. 1056:altitudinal zones 972:Fichtel Mountains 945:Sankt Andreasberg 927:and long, narrow 539:(Upper Harz) and 398:derives from the 363:[haːɐ̯ts] 351: 350: 269:51.750°N 10.633°E 247:Range coordinates 137: 136: 129: 111: 16:(Redirected from 5776: 5769:Horsts (geology) 5669: 5637:Elbe-Börde Heath 5600: 5593: 5586: 5577: 5568: 5551:Wümme Depression 5471:Innerste Uplands 5461:Hildesheim Börde 5375: 5368: 5361: 5352: 5343: 5180:Zittau Mountains 5110:Saalhausen Hills 4966:Kaufungen Forest 4775:Elster Mountains 4623: 4616: 4609: 4600: 4588: 4587: 4586: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4564: 4563: 4555: 4543: 4535: 4527: 4515: 4507: 4499: 4491: 4479: 4471: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4423: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4386:Cadbury, Deborah 4382: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4326: 4207:heritage railway 4203:Rübeland Railway 4049:Lauenburg Castle 4045:Hohnstein Castle 3842:Bad Salzdetfurth 3823: 3704:Osterode am Harz 3649:Herzberg am Harz 3600:Falkenstein/Harz 3519: 3518: 3424:mineral deposits 3380:Geomorphological 3287: 2944:climatic changes 2909:business studies 2676:Until 1990, the 2595:Heinrich Himmler 2578:, situated near 2530:Second World War 2526:Kurische Nehrung 2474:conservationists 2395:overexploitation 2381:natural monument 2312:gekrönte Häupter 2180:forest elephants 2073: 1992:Calopteryx virgo 1905:Turdus torquatus 1897:Falco peregrinus 1893:peregrine falcon 1874:Subarctic darner 1807:Carduelis spinus 1771:black woodpecker 1759:Tetrao urogallus 1751:Felis silvestris 1747:European wildcat 1723:black woodpecker 1673: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1653: 1651: 1610: 1586: 1578: 1518:). Cranberries ( 1516:Carex pauciflora 1416:hard shield fern 1412:Lunaria rediviva 1404:Cicerbita alpina 1396:herbaceous layer 1354:Molinia caerulea 1293:shaggy wood-reed 1269:Betula pubescens 1217:Carpinus betulus 1169:Sorbus aucuparia 1101: 1095: 1089: 1080: 1074: 1068: 984:Early Cretaceous 982:rocks. From the 929:V-shaped valleys 826: 814: 802: 759: 643:prevent flooding 594:Rivers and lakes 554: 513:Mansfeld-Südharz 373: 372: 371: 365: 360: 288: 280: 279: 277: 276: 275: 270: 266: 263: 262: 261: 258: 212: 151: 139: 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 69: 45: 37: 21: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5774: 5773: 5714:Central Uplands 5679: 5678: 5675: 5670: 5661: 5613: 5604: 5574: 5569: 5560: 5521:Schaumburg Land 5392: 5379: 5349: 5344: 5335: 5258:Großer Beerberg 5234:Großer Feldberg 5074:Palatine Forest 5014:Lenne Mountains 4834:Franconian Jura 4678:Bavarian Forest 4667:Bohemian Forest 4633: 4630:Central Uplands 4627: 4596: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4572: 4570: 4558: 4550: 4547: 4541: 4533: 4525: 4513: 4505: 4497: 4489: 4477: 4458: 4432: 4427: 4426: 4415: 4411: 4404: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4306: 4254: 4234:South Harz Line 4173:, Wernigerode, 4108: 4103: 4091:Stolberg Castle 4083:Herzberg Castle 3995: 3955: 3838:Bad Gandersheim 3821: 3810: 3634:Hattorf am Harz 3488: 3450:show mine, the 3369: 3367:Mines and caves 3364: 3333: 3283: 3276: 3202: 3116:, a variety of 3084: 2987: 2960: 2897:Werk Kaltes Tal 2847: 2711:mining industry 2707: 2691: 2674: 2603:central Germany 2560:Nordhausen-Dora 2542: 2470:Brocken Railway 2358: 2257:Harudorum pagus 2233:Louis the Pious 2217: 2122: 2069: 2062:Louis the Pious 2050: 2007:Cinclus cinclus 1795:Regulus regulus 1783:Parus cristatus 1674: 1663: 1657: 1654: 1611: 1609: 1599: 1587: 1576: 1528:Empetrum nigrum 1524:black crowberry 1436: 1424:long beech fern 1309:Galium saxatile 1301:wavy hair-grass 1253: 1233: 1187:) play a role. 1153:Quercus petraea 1137:Fagus sylvatica 1121: 1108: 1099: 1093: 1087: 1078: 1072: 1066: 1052: 1039: 988:Late Cretaceous 931:, of which the 859: 842: 837: 830: 827: 818: 815: 806: 803: 790: 769: 768: 767: 765: 760: 751: 647:Söse Valley Dam 596: 569:Achtermannshöhe 552: 445: 440: 368: 367: 366: 358: 335: 293:Central Uplands 286: 273: 271: 267: 264: 259: 256: 254: 252: 251: 216: 215: 133: 122: 116: 113: 70: 68: 58: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5782: 5780: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5681: 5680: 5672: 5671: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5580: 5571: 5570: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5506:Osnabrück Land 5503: 5498: 5496:Oldenburg Land 5493: 5488: 5486:Lüneburg Heath 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5421:Calenberg Land 5418: 5416:Brunswick Land 5413: 5408: 5403: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5370: 5363: 5355: 5346: 5345: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5321: 5309: 5297: 5285: 5273: 5261: 5249: 5237: 5225: 5201: 5189: 5154: 5142: 5130: 5118: 5106: 5094: 5082: 5070: 5058: 5046: 5034: 5022: 5010: 4998: 4986: 4974: 4962: 4950: 4938: 4914: 4911:Kasseler Kuppe 4902: 4890: 4878: 4866: 4858:Goshawk Forest 4854: 4842: 4830: 4818: 4783: 4771: 4759: 4747: 4738:Volcanic Eifel 4723: 4715:Egge Mountains 4711: 4703:Ebbe Mountains 4699: 4687: 4663: 4651: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4618: 4611: 4603: 4593: 4592: 4580: 4568: 4545: 4544: 4536: 4528: 4516: 4508: 4500: 4492: 4480: 4472: 4456: 4445: 4431: 4430:External links 4428: 4425: 4424: 4409: 4402: 4377: 4367: 4361: 4342: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4305: 4302: 4290:Harzhochstraße 4253: 4250: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4032:Sachsenspiegel 4015:Großer Knollen 3994: 3991: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3938:Heringen/Helme 3927: 3881: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3708: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3664:Kleinleinungen 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3644:Herrmannsacker 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3487: 3484: 3412:Hermann's Cave 3404:Baumann's Cave 3402:caves include 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3332: 3329: 3325:Benneckenstein 3313:ultra marathon 3305:Harz mountains 3275: 3272: 3206:Heinrich Heine 3201: 3198: 3194:Bergwacht Harz 3144:, notably the 3107:Nordic walking 3083: 3080: 3019:Benneckenstein 2986: 2983: 2959: 2956: 2948:Little Ice Age 2922:trees (mainly 2846: 2843: 2706: 2703: 2690: 2687: 2673: 2670: 2556:Dora-Mittelbau 2551:Mittelbau-Dora 2541: 2538: 2522:Neusiedler See 2514:Lüneburg Heath 2463:Brocken Garden 2404:Wolkenhäuschen 2373:Baumann's Cave 2362:Silva hercynia 2357: 2354: 2316:Sachsenspiegel 2299:Sachsenspiegel 2290:Reichsbannwald 2216: 2213: 2121: 2118: 2049: 2046: 1866:Alpine emerald 1763:Tengmalm's owl 1676: 1675: 1658:September 2020 1590: 1588: 1581: 1575: 1572: 1540:Erica tetralix 1532:Common heather 1460:Sphagnum spec. 1435: 1432: 1338:Sphagnum spec. 1265:Betula pendula 1252: 1249: 1232: 1229: 1177:Betula pendula 1157:Sycamore trees 1120: 1117: 1107: 1106:Types of woods 1104: 1103: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1081: 1075: 1069: 1063:Subalpine zone 1051: 1048: 1038: 1035: 1026:Square Mile" ( 1013:The Harz is a 976:Rhenish Massif 841: 838: 836: 833: 832: 831: 828: 821: 819: 816: 809: 807: 804: 797: 789: 786: 762: 761: 754: 753: 752: 750: 747: 639:drinking water 604:Wendefurth Dam 595: 592: 588:protected area 533:Bad Lauterberg 460:Sender Brocken 444: 441: 439: 436: 376:Harz Mountains 349: 348: 329: 323: 322: 319: 313: 312: 307: 301: 300: 296: 295: 290: 282: 281: 274:51.750; 10.633 249: 243: 242: 241: 240: 235: 230: 222: 218: 217: 213: 207: 204: 203: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 178: 177: 174: 168: 167: 162: 158: 157: 153: 152: 144: 143: 135: 134: 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5781: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5677: 5668: 5658: 5657:Saale-Unstrut 5655: 5653: 5652:Mansfeld Land 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5616: 5612: 5611:Saxony-Anhalt 5608: 5601: 5596: 5594: 5589: 5587: 5582: 5581: 5578: 5567: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5546:Weser Uplands 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5481:Leine Uplands 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5376: 5371: 5369: 5364: 5362: 5357: 5356: 5353: 5342: 5332: 5331: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5236: 5235: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5185:Lausche (Luž) 5182: 5181: 5176: 5175: 5174:Lausche (Luž) 5171: 5170: 5165: 5164: 5163:Lausche (Luž) 5160: 5159: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5127:Großer Ölberg 5124: 5123: 5122:Siebengebirge 5119: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5063: 5062:Ore Mountains 5059: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5028: 5027: 5026:Lippe Uplands 5023: 5021: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5009: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4907: 4906:Hoher Meißner 4903: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4855: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4794: 4793: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4639: 4636: 4631: 4624: 4619: 4617: 4612: 4610: 4605: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4540: 4537: 4532: 4529: 4524: 4520: 4517: 4512: 4509: 4504: 4501: 4496: 4493: 4488: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4468: 4462: 4457: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4422: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4405: 4403:0-00-721299-2 4399: 4395: 4394:BBC Worldwide 4391: 4387: 4381: 4378: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4362:3-8062-1907-9 4358: 4354: 4346: 4343: 4331: 4325: 4322: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4258: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4112: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4007:Carlshaushöhe 4004: 4000: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3947: 3946:Sondershausen 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3884:Saxony-Anhalt 3882: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3819: 3818:Carlshaushöhe 3814: 3807: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3679:Neustadt/Harz 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3492: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3476:Roter Bär Pit 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3447:Röhrigschacht 3443: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3373: 3366: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3303:event in the 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3190: 3188: 3187:touring bikes 3184: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3164:mountain bike 3160: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3148:near Goslar. 3147: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3108: 3101: 3096: 3088: 3082:Summer sports 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3039:Nordic skiing 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3003:Ore Mountains 3000: 2991: 2985:Winter sports 2984: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2952:reforestation 2949: 2945: 2941: 2940:Norway spruce 2937: 2933: 2929: 2928:in die Harten 2925: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2901:Werk Hornberg 2898: 2894: 2893: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2845:Economy today 2844: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2786:Mansfeld Land 2782: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2763:argentiferous 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2679: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2652:Frank Sheeran 2648: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2510: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2464: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2363: 2355: 2349: 2345: 2343: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2263:, from which 2262: 2259:) was named. 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2221: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2209: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2134:(Thuringia), 2133: 2132:Bilzingsleben 2129: 2128: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2020:In 2000, the 2018: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1994:), a type of 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1972:Hydrophilidae 1968: 1967:water beetles 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1947:Hygrobatoidea 1944: 1943: 1939:, flatworms ( 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1743:Ciconia nigra 1740: 1736: 1735:Columba oenas 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1687: 1686:Eurasian lynx 1682: 1672: 1669: 1661: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1619: – 1618: 1614: 1613:Find sources: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1591:This section 1589: 1585: 1580: 1579: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1442:Torfhaus Moor 1440: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1348:). Clumps of 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289:autochthonous 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261:downy birches 1258: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1195:, e. g. over 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1145:Quercus robur 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1118: 1112: 1105: 1097: 1091: 1085: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1057: 1049: 1043: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1023: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 948: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 869: 868:Mittelgebirge 864: 858: 851: 846: 839: 834: 825: 820: 813: 808: 801: 796: 794: 787: 785: 784: 783: 777: 776: 764: 758: 748: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 693:. The rivers 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 659: 658: 657: 650: 648: 644: 640: 637:, to provide 636: 630: 628: 624: 620: 611: 605: 600: 593: 591: 589: 585: 580: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557:Heinrichshöhe 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 523: 518: 514: 510: 507:in the west, 506: 502: 498: 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 478: 473: 469: 461: 457: 449: 442: 437: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 388:Saxony-Anhalt 385: 381: 380:highland area 377: 370: 364: 356: 347: 343: 339: 333: 330: 328: 324: 320: 318: 314: 311: 308: 306: 302: 297: 294: 291: 289: 283: 278: 250: 248: 244: 239: 236: 234: 233:Saxony-Anhalt 231: 229: 226: 225: 223: 219: 211: 205: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 179: 175: 173: 169: 166: 163: 159: 154: 150: 145: 140: 131: 128: 120: 117:February 2017 109: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: – 77: 73: 72:Find sources: 66: 62: 56: 55: 50:This article 48: 44: 39: 38: 33: 19: 5676: 5641: 5491:Middle Weser 5455: 5451:Land Wursten 5390:Lower Saxony 5328: 5325:Wiehen Hills 5323: 5316: 5311: 5304: 5299: 5292: 5287: 5280: 5275: 5268: 5263: 5256: 5251: 5244: 5239: 5232: 5227: 5221:Hoher Randen 5219: 5214: 5208: 5205:Swabian Jura 5203: 5196: 5191: 5183: 5178: 5172: 5167: 5161: 5156: 5149: 5144: 5137: 5132: 5125: 5120: 5113: 5108: 5101: 5096: 5089: 5084: 5077: 5072: 5065: 5060: 5055:Katzenbuckel 5053: 5048: 5041: 5036: 5029: 5024: 5017: 5012: 5005: 5000: 4993: 4988: 4981: 4976: 4969: 4964: 4957: 4952: 4945: 4940: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4916: 4909: 4904: 4897: 4892: 4885: 4880: 4873: 4869: 4868: 4861: 4856: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4812: 4807: 4801: 4796: 4790: 4785: 4780:Kapellenberg 4778: 4773: 4768:Eilumer Horn 4766: 4761: 4754: 4749: 4741: 4736: 4730: 4725: 4718: 4713: 4706: 4701: 4694: 4689: 4683:Großer Arber 4681: 4676: 4672:Großer Arber 4670: 4665: 4658: 4655:Black Forest 4653: 4646: 4641: 4595: 4546: 4542:(in English) 4506:(in English) 4498:(in English) 4484: 4478:(in English) 4465: 4417: 4412: 4389: 4380: 4370: 4352: 4345: 4333:. Retrieved 4324: 4289: 4263: 4211: 4168: 4155: 4128:Harzquerbahn 4127: 4119: 4117: 4076: 4057:Stecklenburg 4030: 4022: 4019:Josephskreuz 4011:Trautenstein 3999:transmission 3996: 3983:stave church 3971:Michaelstein 3956: 3929: 3920:Sangerhausen 3908:Oschersleben 3888:Aschersleben 3883: 3878:Wolfenbüttel 3830:Lower Saxony 3829: 3783:Westerhausen 3728:Sangerhausen 3575:Breitenstein 3555:Bad Suderode 3540:Bad Harzburg 3515: 3480:visitor mine 3455: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3435: 3408:Unicorn Cave 3378: 3356: 3347: 3345: 3334: 3308: 3277: 3268:Höllenklippe 3267: 3263:Hohneklippen 3261: 3257: 3255: 3250: 3244: 3237: 3203: 3193: 3191: 3183:racing bikes 3180: 3161: 3157:Adlerklippen 3156: 3152: 3150: 3142:hang-gliding 3135: 3118:water sports 3111: 3104: 3099: 3072: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3051: 3009:or even the 3007:Black Forest 2996: 2978: 2961: 2936:monocultures 2931: 2927: 2924:common beech 2913: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2871: 2848: 2839:heavy metals 2811: 2802: 2797:is the only 2783: 2708: 2675: 2660: 2649: 2644: 2622: 2607:headquarters 2601:) to defend 2598: 2592: 2582:, where the 2559: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2533: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2500: 2496:capercaillie 2493: 2488: 2484: 2481:Hermann Löns 2478: 2467: 2460: 2455: 2451:Teufelsmauer 2449: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2408: 2403: 2392: 2389: 2376: 2366: 2361: 2359: 2339: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2297: 2294:Saxon Mirror 2293: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2240: 2226: 2206: 2204: 2200:Homo sapiens 2199: 2183: 2144:Neanderthals 2127:Homo erectus 2125: 2123: 2083: 2065: 2053: 2051: 2019: 2014: 2011:grey wagtail 2006: 2000: 1991: 1983: 1981: 1970: 1954: 1946: 1940: 1933:Cottus gobio 1932: 1924: 1917: 1904: 1896: 1886: 1877: 1869: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1838: 1830: 1822: 1814: 1806: 1798: 1794: 1782: 1776: 1766: 1758: 1755:capercaillie 1750: 1742: 1734: 1726: 1691: 1664: 1655: 1645: 1638: 1631: 1624: 1612: 1600:Please help 1595:verification 1592: 1563: 1555: 1547: 1539: 1527: 1519: 1515: 1507: 1499: 1496:Bog-rosemary 1483: 1479: 1475: 1467: 1459: 1452:last ice age 1445: 1427: 1419: 1411: 1403: 1391: 1383: 1379: 1372:Schluchtwald 1371: 1367: 1357: 1353: 1345: 1337: 1329: 1321: 1308: 1304: 1296: 1276: 1268: 1264: 1254: 1251:Spruce woods 1240: 1234: 1225:Ulmus glabra 1224: 1216: 1208: 1185:Salix caprea 1184: 1181:pussy willow 1176: 1173:silver birch 1168: 1160: 1152: 1144: 1136: 1133:common beech 1122: 1084:Montane zone 1053: 1032: 1027: 1024: 1012: 1007: 949: 913:Bad Harzburg 881:geschieferte 880: 866: 863:geologically 860: 857:Harz granite 850:Bad Harzburg 791: 779: 772: 770: 660: 653: 651: 631: 623:Rappbode Dam 616: 581: 548: 544: 526: 496: 494: 489: 485: 481: 475: 465: 411: 407: 403: 395: 384:Lower Saxony 375: 354: 352: 327:Type of rock 287:Parent range 228:Lower Saxony 123: 114: 104: 97: 90: 83: 71: 59:Please help 54:verification 51: 5556:Zeven Geest 5536:Stade Geest 5516:East Frisia 5446:Land Hadeln 5301:Weser Hills 5282:Kreuzfelsen 5139:Große Blöße 5091:Wasserkuppe 5067:Fichtelberg 5043:Donnersberg 4983:Wüstegarten 4954:Kaiserstuhl 4934:Ellerspring 4899:Bloße Zelle 4648:Einödriegel 4534:(in German) 4526:(in German) 4514:(in German) 4490:(in German) 4171:Halberstadt 4166:and Tanne. 4156:Südharzbahn 4144:Quedlinburg 4136:Wernigerode 4053:Plessenburg 3975:Quedlinburg 3934:Bleicherode 3916:Quedlinburg 3900:Halberstadt 3778:Wernigerode 3713:Questenberg 3669:Langelsheim 3590:Dietersdorf 3565:Blankenburg 3560:Ballenstedt 3468:Rammelsberg 3337:Eastphalian 3317:Wernigerode 3293:Harzquerung 3230:Karst Trail 3146:Rammelsberg 3126:white water 3112:On several 3031:Hasselfelde 2886:Elbingerode 2819:Middle Ages 2759:Rammelsberg 2611:Blankenburg 2599:Harzfestung 2544:During the 2518:High Tauern 2503:Brockenbuch 2432:bark beetle 2342:Black Death 2286:Charlemagne 2237:High German 2215:Middle Ages 2188:birch pitch 2102:Mesopotamia 2098:Middle Ages 2058:Carolingian 1955:Trichoptera 1942:Turbellaria 1921:brown trout 1909:raised bogs 1868:dragonfly ( 1862:raised bogs 1843:black stork 1811:treecreeper 1779:crested tit 1739:black stork 1697:, oribatid 1695:springtails 1508:Betula nana 1504:dwarf birch 1456:peat mosses 1448:raised bogs 1434:Raised bogs 1370:). Ravine ( 1334:peat mosses 1277:Salix spec. 1241:Picea abies 1231:Mixed woods 1189:Melic grass 1149:sessile oak 1141:English oak 1119:Beech woods 1015:fault-block 925:raised bogs 719:Zillierbach 394:. The name 317:Age of rock 272: / 5683:Categories 5647:Eastphalia 5511:Eastphalia 5431:Elbe–Weser 5406:Altes Land 5386:landscapes 5318:Fuchskaute 5313:Westerwald 5289:Vogelsberg 5103:Langenberg 5007:Kulpenberg 5002:Kyffhäuser 4978:Kellerwald 4971:Hirschberg 4863:Hohes Gras 4839:Dürrenberg 4792:Schneeberg 4632:of Germany 4390:Space Race 4316:References 4298:B 241 4294:B 242 4274:B 243 4140:Nordhausen 4073:Scharzfels 4069:Königsburg 4037:legal code 3979:Walkenried 3961:abbeys of 3942:Nordhausen 3912:Osterwieck 3874:Vienenburg 3870:Salzgitter 3862:Hildesheim 3850:Duderstadt 3773:Walkenried 3694:Nordhausen 3629:Harzgerode 3580:Breitungen 3550:Bad Sachsa 3464:Lautenthal 3452:Lange Wand 3436:Büchenberg 3432:Samson Pit 3428:show mines 3341:Thuringian 3321:Nordhausen 3226:Kaiser Way 3035:Sonnenberg 3027:Hahnenklee 3025:), Goslar- 2799:stone coal 2779:hydropower 2735:Lautenthal 2723:Zellerfeld 2715:Bronze Age 2683:green belt 2645:Volkssturm 2633:Nordhausen 2629:First Army 2624:Volkssturm 2588:V-1 rocket 2584:V-2 rocket 2580:Nordhausen 2572:Mittelwerk 2377:inter alia 2308:Rechtsbuch 2253:Harudengau 2241:Hartingowe 2184:inter alia 2156:brown bear 2140:Schöningen 2136:Hildesheim 2054:Hartingowe 1951:caddis fly 1937:protozoons 1901:ring ouzel 1889:stone runs 1887:Rocks and 1823:Parus ater 1731:stock dove 1715:earthworms 1711:millipedes 1707:roundworms 1628:newspapers 1566:). Bog or 1470:) and the 1313:stone runs 1045:Bode Gorge 956:Palaeozoic 933:Bode Gorge 923:with many 917:stone runs 885:greywackes 855:See also: 613:Bode Gorge 561:Königsberg 517:Nordhausen 486:Lower Harz 477:Upper Harz 181:Dimensions 87:newspapers 18:Harz Block 5476:Kehdingen 5426:Eichsfeld 5411:Ammerland 5330:Heidbrink 5294:Taufstein 5246:Barnacken 5198:Hohe Egge 5031:Köterberg 4995:Eisenberg 4959:Totenkopf 4923:Erbeskopf 4887:Griesberg 4851:Angelburg 4827:Döbraberg 4798:Steinwald 4743:Ernstberg 4732:Hohe Acht 4708:Nordhelle 4578:Mountains 4286:B 6n 4164:Braunlage 4101:Transport 4078:Schlösser 3967:Ilsenburg 3930:Thuringia 3904:Hettstedt 3892:Derenburg 3858:Göttingen 3768:Wildemann 3758:Uftrungen 3659:Ilsenburg 3570:Braunlage 3535:Bad Grund 3420:Heimkehle 3400:dripstone 3396:limestone 3285:‹See Tfd› 3258:Roßtrappe 3214:Harz Club 3176:fourcross 3100:Roßtrappe 3074:Bergwacht 2967:spa towns 2878:Bad Grund 2835:ecosystem 2743:Wildemann 2727:Bad Grund 2719:Clausthal 2619:Waffen SS 2615:11th Army 2576:Kohnstein 2574:Ltd., in 2479:In 1907, 2367:In 1668, 2223:Harz 1852 2208:Roßtrappe 2160:cave bear 2071:‹See Tfd› 2038:wild boar 1996:damselfly 1977:amphipods 1882:damselfly 1835:pygmy owl 1827:crossbill 1791:firecrest 1787:goldcrest 1552:deergrass 1492:blueberry 1468:Schlenken 1384:Quellwald 1318:blueberry 1221:Scots elm 1129:wood-rush 1125:sea level 986:and into 905:limestone 879:, slaty ( 873:base-poor 627:Oderteich 577:Braunlage 565:Bruchberg 545:High Harz 529:Ilsenburg 505:Göttingen 490:Unterharz 438:Geography 428:sea level 392:Thuringia 342:grauwacke 332:Paleozoic 310:Hercynian 238:Thuringia 202:Geography 172:Elevation 5541:Wendland 5466:Hümmling 5146:Spessart 5050:Odenwald 4929:Soonwald 4918:Hunsrück 4809:Kohlwald 4660:Feldberg 4388:(2005). 4335:22 March 4304:See also 4282:B 4 4278:B 6 4244:and the 4061:Harzburg 3959:medieval 3924:Staßfurt 3896:Eisleben 3866:Northeim 3846:Bockenem 3788:Wienrode 3748:Stolberg 3738:Schwenda 3689:Nordharz 3674:Mansfeld 3624:Hainrode 3610:Gittelde 3605:Gernrode 3502:Stolberg 3392:dolomite 3280:Harz Run 3247:naturist 3172:downhill 3168:freeride 3122:canoeing 3047:biathlon 3043:Wurmberg 3023:Hohegeiß 3015:Torfhaus 2973:and the 2920:hardwood 2916:forestry 2892:Rübeland 2874:Mansfeld 2761:, mined 2631:reached 2621:and the 2546:Nazi era 2304:law book 2192:adhesive 2176:reindeer 2164:mammoths 2034:roe deer 2030:red deer 1963:stonefly 1953:larvae ( 1929:bullhead 1819:coal tit 1703:woodlice 1488:cowberry 1472:hummocks 1376:riparian 1342:cowberry 1213:hornbeam 1197:dolerite 996:Tertiary 992:tectonic 980:Mesozoic 921:plateaus 741:and the 715:Holtemme 713:and the 689:and the 669:and the 663:Innerste 621:and the 619:Oker Dam 573:Wurmberg 549:Hochharz 482:Oberharz 472:Eisleben 432:Wurmberg 412:Hercynia 224:Germany 5622:Altmark 5607:Regions 5526:Solling 5436:Emsland 5382:Regions 5210:Lemberg 5158:Sudetes 5134:Solling 5115:Himberg 4691:Deister 4590:Germany 4552:Portals 4154:to the 4039:of the 4017:or the 3963:Drübeck 3854:Einbeck 3595:Ellrich 3530:Altenau 3525:Allrode 3386:in the 3301:walking 3297:fun run 3295:) is a 3274:Running 3155:); the 3153:Klippen 3138:gliding 2975:Brocken 2963:Tourism 2958:Tourism 2775:'ponds' 2773:and 68 2739:Altenau 2689:Economy 2641:Ellrich 2609:was at 2385:Vandals 2249:Harudes 2229:Harzgau 2148:aurochs 2048:History 2042:mouflon 1913:forests 1761:). 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