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798:(a Category II protected area in the IUCN system). To achieve that, according to the rules, at least 75 per cent of the area must be set aside as a natural biodiversity zone (core zone). In this zone nature must be left completely to itself. If this proportion is not achieved the region can be classified as a so-called developing national park, if it is assessed as fulfilling these conditions within 30 years.
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825:
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707:. It is classified in the Federal Republic of Germany as seriously endangered. It is assumed that the wild cat in the Harz has a stable population. It is widespread throughout the region, preferring those areas which are warmer, richer, more varied and better supplied with nutrients (lower lying deciduous forest with greater food availability).
783:
540:
in the 19th century by ore mining, the count's head forester, Hans
Dietrich von Zanthier, developed the concept of reforestation with fast-growing spruce trees. This led to the now widespread spruce monocultures. Unlike "Harz pine", the pines introduced from other regions cope less well with snow and
687:
recalls the success of that particular hunt. In 1999 it was decided to reintroduce the lynx. Between 2000 and 2004 alone, 19 were released from zoo breeding programmes. Before their release the animals are prepared in a large enclosure in order to acclimatized them to freedom. In addition there is a
645:
Especially valuable for nature conservation, are the raised bogs formed by the restoration of former marshland. The conditions are favorable for this, as the bogs in the park are less impacted by human use than the bogs of the Lower Saxony plain. When wood became scarce in the Harz, the locals tried
491:
Currently the national park employs 188 staff, of which 59 work in the national park head office in
Wernigerode or its outpost in Sankt Andreasberg OT Oderhaus. The 40 employees of the national park warden service, who are also known as rangers, conduct guided tours and look after tasks in connexion
773:
In the so-called natural development zone of the Harz
National Park, which surrounds the core area, bark beetle measures are taken where necessary, and plantations are established where in order to encourage the natural development of the forest. To protect these beech and oak groves, national park
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Another reintroduction project was the capercaillie, which died out in the Harz in 1920–1930. Its reintroduction began in 1978. Over the years about 1,000 birds have been reared and set free. In spite of the number of birds the population was not assessed as stable. Due to the lack of success, the
59:
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also caused severe damage in the region. Stands of trees, especially spruce, were torn down over wide areas. The
National Park management came under fire from the local communities as a result of the bark beetle measures that were subsequently needed. In particular, the National Park community at
460:
and fungal infestation. In the wake of the spirit of optimism during the time around reunification it was exactly this that gave impetus for the establishment of the national park. On 1 January 1991 a national park headquarters in
Wernigerode was set up under the leadership of Hubertus Hlawatsch.
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The Lower Saxon part of the park was opened on 1 January 1994 after four years of preparation. Its founding father was Dr. Wolf-Eberhard Barth. Although a combined national park project was discussed soon after reunification by both states it was another twelve years before the parks were
615:. In these zones the spruce is not native and, as a result of climate change, it has suffered increasingly from bark beetle infestation. Currently the National Park Service is having these areas reforested to encourage the original beech and maple, that used to dominate them, to resettle.
805:
38,5 per cent of the park area is currently still a nature development zone. Here measures in lines with the forest development concept are carried out. The aim is to transfer the largest possible area of this natural development zone into the natural biodiversity zone.
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beech forest. At heights above 700 m it is usually adjacent to spruce-beech mixed woodland. But in the national park this area has shrunk to just a few residual stands and has been largely replaced by spruce. In the region of
Ilsenburg spruce monoculture occurs even down to
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now lives wild again in the Harz, having been eradicated from the mountains since the early 19th century. The last report of a successful lynx hunt in the Harz dates to 1818. In an eleven-day hunt, in which almost 200 people took part, a male lynx was brought down at
809:
A proportion of the park counts as a utilisation zone. This covers areas that are important for tourism or are historico-culturally significant, such as the
Brocken summit or mountain meadows. Here conservation measures will also be applied in future.
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era, the
Brocken was accessible until 1961 with an easily obtained pass. From 13 August 1961 it became an out-of-bounds area, which meant that tourists could no longer visit it. In the mid-1980s the first problems appeared in the Harz, such as
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with the exchange of information, ustausch, advanced education and public relations. The German section, EUROPARC Deutschland, of this umbrella organisation has also organised the merger of many large conservation areas in
Germany.
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801:
The Harz
National Park counts as a developing national park. Currently 60,3 per cent of the area of the park is designated as a natural biodiversity or core zone. The aim is to cross the 75 per cent threshold by 2020.
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In its current form, the park was created on January 1, 2006, by the merger of the Harz National Park in Lower Saxony, established in 1994, and the Upper Harz National Park in Saxony-Anhalt, established in 1990. As the former
244:
ran through the Harz, large parts of the range were prohibited areas, that apart from the fortifications had remained completely unaffected for decades. Today the park covers parts of the districts of
279:. The last lynx in the Harz Mountains had been shot in 1818, but in 1999 a project for reintroducing was established. Since 2002 several wild lynxes gave birth. An attempt to return the
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where the shy cats can also be observed by visitors to the park. Since 2002, there have been several instances of kittens born in the wild. In March, a male lynx was fitted with a
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and the submontane zone is the vegetation dominated by beech forests. Today's beech stands grow primarily on acidic soil. The most commonly encountered forest type is the
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Hlawatsch's successor was Peter Gaffert, who ran the eastern park from 1995 until its merger with the Harz National Park in the western Harz on 1 January 2006.
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of peat and the weather conditions in the High Harz. The bogs in the Harz are of international significance by virtue of their distinctiveness and flora.
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447:. The region is characterised by a relatively undisturbed plant and animal environment, which is mainly due to its location immediately next to the old
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Furthermore, within a 500 metre wide strip on the edge of the national park, measures are being put into effect that will protect the adjacent areas.
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transmitter, so precise details can now be obtained about the range of an animal. The project team receives information via SMS from the transmitter.
567:" of the spruce tree. Here it is not uncommon to find trees over 250 years old and bent into bizarre shapes by the wind. But predominant here are the
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Currently 82 percent of the forest consists of spruce stands. Only 12 percent of the trees are beeches. The remaining 6 percent are species such as
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Recently, the Harz National Park has suffered from bark beetle outbreaks as well as acid rain and other environmental problems. The
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was formed on 1 January 2006 from the merger of the old park of the same name in Lower Saxony and the High Harz National Park (
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with environmental training, include the maintenance of information posts and national park buildings. (as at: 31 December 2007)
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wildlife management is required. Accusations that private or state hunts had taken place in the park turned out to be unfounded.
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994:Ăśberlebensdauer, Todesursachen und Raumnutzung gezĂĽchteter AuerhĂĽhner (Tetrao urogalluns L.), ausgewildert im Nationalpark Harz
35:
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is on the rise here due to climate change and global warming. Since 2006, there has been increased bark beetle gradation.
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on the summit of the Brocken, deals mainly with the protection of plant species and restoration of the summit area.
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on the southeastern edge of the park. Other dams and lakes within or bordering on the national park include the
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There are various vegetation zones in the Harz National Park. In the sub-alpine area above 1050 metres is the "
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Gemeinsames Faltblatt von Nationalpark Harz und NABU Sachsen-Anhalt zur Borkenkäferfrage im Nationalpark Harz:
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412:) in Saxony-Anhalt. Since the merger the head of this major nature conservation area has been Andreas Pusch.
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In 2005 the national park was included in the European Charter for Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas.
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The 24,700 hectares of the Harz National Park cover about 10 percent of the total area of the
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Auskunft vom Fachbereich 2 Forschung und Wissenschaft der Nationalparkverwaltung im März 2008
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Vgl. Sabine Bernsdorf, Nadine Böhlmann, Ralph Meissner, Wolfgang Merbach (2003):
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Moorforschung im Harz; Entwicklung und Schutz der Moore im Nationalpark Hochharz
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on the northern slopes. 95% of the area is covered with forests, mainly with
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to take advantage of the peat bogs. This proved unprofitable due to the low
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Several rivers have their sources in the national park, including the
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This article is about the national park. For the highland area, see
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viewing enclosure near the National Park forest restaurant on the
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The Harz is now one of Germany's most important habitats for the
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Auskunft der Nationalparkverwaltung Fachbereich 1 in March 2008.
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318:) and stretches from Wernigerode and Ilsenburg in the north to
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in the south. Near its perimeter the park terrain is about
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government. The park included large parts of the eastern
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The Upper Harz National Park was established as part of
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National Park in Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
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The natural forests of the High Harz consist mainly of
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are also important species in the Harz National Park.
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ice conditions in the Harz and are thus more prone to
472:
EUROPARC Federation, a federation of national parks,
314:. The park lies in the western part of the Harz (see
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259:Rare animals of the Harz National Park include the
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956:Scientia Halensis 11 (2003), H. 4, p. 21–22, pdf
423:, on the basis of a ministerial decision by the
468:The Harz National Park belongs to the European
996:. In: Vogelwarte 44 (2006), H. 3, p. 145–158.
934:. In: Sachsen-Anhalt 16 (2006), H. 4, p. 2–4.
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790:The Harz National Park is recognised by the
670:The lynx – once more in the wild in the Harz
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364:reservoir, finished in 1722 to supply the
228:rocks and creeks. The park is part of the
48:
25:
1025:Keine „DDR-Staatsjagd unter dem Brocken“
849:
766:criticized the use of technology (e.g.
529:); deciduous trees only dominate below
192:. It comprises portions of the western
1023:Pressemeldung des Nationalparks Harz:
932:Der Brockengarten im Nationalpark Harz
435:and the national park municipality of
598:. Not until the montane zone between
7:
1036:Nationalpark Harz: Gebietsgliederung
67:
1403:1990 establishments in East Germany
1398:Protected areas established in 2006
1393:Protected areas established in 1994
1388:Protected areas established in 1990
786:Ancient forest in the national park
909:Nationalpark Harz: Waldentwicklung
710:In addition to lynx and wild cat,
14:
384:. The highest elevations are the
339:1,141.1 m above NN
1383:Protected areas of Saxony-Anhalt
1341:
1328:Weser Uplands Schaumburg-Hamelin
1153:
823:
794:(World Conservation Union) as a
127:247 km (95 sq mi)
57:
1428:Important Bird Areas of Germany
1418:Nature reserves in Lower Saxony
1378:Protected areas of Lower Saxony
857:Nationalpark Harz: Wir ĂĽber uns
592:1,050 m above NN
196:mountain range, extending from
130:
1413:2006 establishments in Germany
1408:1994 establishments in Germany
341:at the summit of the Brocken.
1:
1145:Western Pomerania Lagoon Area
1140:Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea
634:by the onset of tourism. The
613:230 m above NN
604:750 m above NN
600:450 m above NN
335:270 m above NN
749:Trees damaged by bark beetle
700:project was closed in 2003.
536:. Since the Harz was partly
443:in the south as well as the
63:View from the Brocken summit
930:Vgl. Gunter Karste (2006):
878:, accessed on 31 March 2008
585:750 m above
531:600 m above
337:in the south and climbs to
328:230 m above
287:) however did not succeed.
143:Nationalparkverwaltung Harz
1444:
453:German Democratic Republic
18:
1368:National parks of Germany
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920:Nationalpark Harz: Wälder
509:View of the Scharfenstein
220:woods, including several
56:
47:
33:
992:Vgl. Ralf Siano (2006):
982:Nationalpark Harz: Moore
839:Hiking trails in Germany
618:The Harz is home to the
421:reunification of Germany
204:at the southern edge to
729:, but occasionally the
560:(as at December 2007).
404:The present, pan-state
1130:Lower Saxon Wadden Sea
867:EUROPARC Deutschland:
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1058:Official tourist-site
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480:. It concerns itself
470:umbrella organisation
410:Nationalpark Hochharz
356:, a tributary of the
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261:white-throated dipper
632:German reunification
281:western capercaillie
1423:Osterode (district)
869:Verbandsphilosophie
741:Ecological problems
579:). The altimontane
449:Inner German Border
431:, roughly from the
275:and especially the
242:inner German border
140:Governing body
104: /
1333:Wildeshausen Geest
1190:Kellerwald-Edersee
1115:Hamburg Wadden Sea
961:2011-07-19 at the
874:2008-03-06 at the
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751:
672:
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662:Lynx Stone of 1818
571:heaths and raised
511:
474:biosphere reserves
308:
184:federal states of
174:Harz National Park
159:.nationalpark-harz
29:Harz National Park
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1283:Elbhöhen-Wendland
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1195:Saxon Switzerland
1185:HunsrĂĽck-Hochwald
1125:Lower Oder Valley
733:also occurs. The
624:Pulsatilla alpina
583:is found between
439:in the north and
406:Nationalpark Harz
370:Sankt Andreasberg
333:in the north and
171:
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147:38855 Wernigerode
108:51.783°N 10.567°E
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1363:IUCN Category II
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36:IUCN category
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1288:Elm-Lappwald
1267:Lower Saxony
1263:Nature parks
1221:Black Forest
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186:Lower Saxony
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73:Lower Saxony
831:Harz portal
755:bark beetle
731:raccoon dog
690:Rabenklippe
569:dwarf shrub
565:battle zone
543:bark beetle
519:Picea abies
458:bark beetle
425:East German
382:Silberteich
265:black stork
230:Natura 2000
132:Established
111: /
87:Coordinates
1357:Categories
1323:TERRA.vita
845:References
768:harvesters
685:Lynx Stone
681:Lautenthal
608:Hainsimsen
538:deforested
482:inter alia
394:Achtermann
316:Upper Harz
299:View from
1002:0049-6650
971:0945-9529
940:0940-7960
764:Ilsenburg
577:Hochmoore
451:. In the
437:Ilsenburg
433:Ecker Dam
390:Bruchberg
378:Ecker Dam
362:Oderteich
291:Geography
250:Göttingen
210:Ilsenburg
1318:SĂĽdheide
959:Archived
872:Archived
817:See also
716:roe deer
712:red deer
705:wild cat
596:Torfhaus
465:merged.
441:Schierke
392:and the
380:and the
374:Oder Dam
352:and the
320:Herzberg
301:Torfhaus
285:Auerhuhn
198:Herzberg
69:Location
1175:Hainich
1120:Jasmund
1101:Germany
735:mouflon
727:raccoon
725:is the
626:subsp.
496:Ecology
445:Brocken
400:History
386:Brocken
305:Brocken
303:to the
226:granite
180:in the
152:Website
99:10°34′E
96:51°47′N
81:Germany
1303:MĂĽnden
1278:DĂĽmmer
1135:MĂĽritz
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938:
778:Zoning
521:) and
388:, the
348:, the
271:, the
263:, the
246:Goslar
214:spruce
182:German
1170:Eifel
654:Fauna
558:birch
554:rowan
523:rowan
501:Flora
366:mines
218:beech
176:is a
1373:Harz
1293:Harz
1180:Harz
998:ISSN
967:ISSN
936:ISSN
792:IUCN
714:and
676:lynx
674:The
638:, a
628:alba
602:and
590:and
573:bogs
476:and
429:Harz
358:Oker
354:Ilse
350:Oder
346:Bode
322:and
312:Harz
254:Harz
252:and
222:bogs
216:and
208:and
200:and
194:Harz
188:and
124:Area
75:and
38:II (
21:Harz
1265:in
1099:of
694:GPS
556:or
550:oak
417:GDR
368:in
163:/en
161:.de
157:www
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23:.
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