443:
435:
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17:
128:
were formed when large magma intrusions in the
Brocken granite massif solidified at different cooling and crystallization rates into several differently coloured granites. The Harz granites are part of the Brocken granite complex, which is the largest granite complex in the Harz with an area of 165
421:
of the
Ilsestein granite was probably the last magma intrusion in the Brocken complex. It is the most quartz-rich granite in the Brocken complex. Its quartz and orthoclase elements grew together. Its utility and hardness as a construction stone is reduced by the numerous
457:
These granites are used as solid building stones for bridge construction, walls, door lintels and window sills, staircase steps, flags, façades, gravestones and, as cobbles and hard core, for roads. Knaupsholz granite is used as
303:. It is a medium-grained granite with blue-grey coloration. In the quarry 30 to 40% blocks of stone could be used for sawing and 50% of exploitable rock debris could be obtained. The quarry closed in 2009.
397:
Königskopf granite contains 33% quartz, 42% orthoclase with a mineral grain size of 2 to 5 mm up to a maximum of 15 mm, 22% plagioclase feldspar, 5% biotite and 0.7% other minerals.
454:, polishable and resistant to aggressive, chemical compounds. Their technical properties make them very suitable for outdoor use, but they are also used indoors due to their appearance.
29:
176:(45 employees). There were also 5 to 7 medium and 15 to 17 small businesses with a combined total of 600 employees. Their market at that time comprised the entire territory of the
417:
Ilsestein granite lies on the northern perimeter of the Harz and is part of the
Brocken massif. It occurs in a vein-like deposit, 11 kilometres long and 2 kilometres wide. The
389:, which closed in the 1960s. As a result of ecological restrictions it is unlikely to be reopened again. The granite is light red to intense red (flesh red) in colour.
474:
Road surfaces, cobbles, walls and bridges in Lower Saxony and North
Germany, Magdeburg, Hamburg and Berlin; lock construction and bank reinforcement on the
311:
Birkenkopf granite contains 31.3% quartz, 42.6% alkali feldspar, 20.4% plagioclase feldspar, 5.4% biotite and chlorite as well as 0.3% ore minerals like
207:, Schneeloch, Gebbertsberg, Wurmberg, Haserode, Wolfklippen, Großer und Kleiner Birkenkopf, Knaupsholz, Ottofels, Neustätter Hau, Forsthaus Plessenburg
360:
This granite contains 31% quartz, 42% alkali feldspar, 20% plagioclase feldspar, 7% biotite, as well as less than 1% of other minerals like
544:
507:
213:. In 1958, eight quarries were still being worked in the territory of the GDR, but only two were left in 1969 (Knaupsholz and Birkenkopf).
711:
588:
798:
745:
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503:
499:
466:. In 2009, the remaining quarries at Knaupsholz and Birkenkopf (now closed) were providing granite for the following purposes:
651:
491:
771:
566:
827:
192:
45:
352:
mountain. The granite was pale red and fine to coarse-grained. The quarry has been closed since spring 1974.
817:
202:
In the early 1950s, the following quarries in the
Brocken granite region were listed by Sickenberg (1951):
405:
Ilsestein granite was quarried on the northern boundary of the Harz on the
Kleiner Birkenkopf hill near
669:
Steine und Erden. Die
Lagerstätten und ihre Bewirtschaftung. Geologie und Lagerstätten Niedersachsens,
541:
708:
607:"Petrological, Geochemical and Isotopic Constraints on the Origin of the Harzburg Intrusion, Germany"
263:
740:, published by the Bayerischen Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Gesteins No. 014, Lipp-Verlag. Munich.
442:
822:
463:
121:
582:
794:
741:
515:
451:
116:, Ramberg and Oker plutons - were formed at the end of the Harz mountain building period (the
446:
Soviet memorial in Berlin's
Tiergarten made of Harz granite with a bronze statue of a soldier
812:
618:
475:
239:
231:
153:
117:
775:
655:
592:
570:
459:
259:
33:
53:
of central
Germany. It may be divided into five types, all of which were widely used as
271:
109:
50:
806:
715:
548:
386:
243:
125:
54:
648:
Steinbruch
Knaupsholz, hrsg. von der Interessensgemeinschaft Harzer Schmalspurbahnen
434:
246:. Knaupsholz granite was one of the most important building stones in East Germany.
188:
177:
82:
81:
were widely used in North Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands and, later, also in
20:
Birkenkopf granite, one of the Harz granites. Dull finish (specimen ca. 10 cm long)
623:
606:
195:(GDR). The Knaupsholz and Birkenkopf quarries in the GDR and the divisions of the
793:
p. 223 ff., 2nd edition, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart,
300:
161:
137:
intrusion forms part of this complex, but has a primary chemistry similar to an
646:
286:, and 0.7 others. The alkali feldspar crystals can be up to 18 mm across.
254:
Knaupsholz granite is grey-red in colour and coarse-grained. It contains 33.5%
479:
331:
144:, although it shows the effects of large scale assimilation of crustal rocks.
138:
766:
561:
345:
312:
275:
204:
191:. There are no exact figures for the numbers of workers in the firms of the
141:
88:
344:
The quarry for Wurmberg granite was situated about 2.5 kilometres north of
349:
320:
283:
235:
365:
299:
Birkenkopf granite was quarried on the Großer Birkenkopf hill south of
267:
113:
78:
16:
511:
369:
361:
316:
279:
255:
134:
130:
105:
738:
Bildatlas wichtiger Denkmalgesteine der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
518:
of the GDR; the Deutsche Bank and town hall steps in Wernigerode.
441:
433:
423:
418:
409:. It was only of local significance, because it had low hardness.
406:
330:
15:
183:
In 1948, after the war, 30 to 40 quarrymen were working in the
199:
company in Wernigerode were expropriated on 5 November 1945.
490:
Harz granite has been used for monuments and memorials in
96:
In 2009 only Knaupsholz granite was still being quarried.
152:
Among the large quarrying concerns operating before the
551:
at www.baufachinformation.de, accessed on 26 July 2009
605:
Sano, S.; Oberhänsli R.; Romer R.L.; Vinx R. (2002).
129:
square kilometres (64 sq mi). The Harzburg
778:
at regionalgeologie-ost.de, accessed on 27 July 2009
573:
at regionalgeologie-ost.de. Accessed on 12 Dec 2010.
87:"for a long time one of the most important types of
706:
Harzer Granit - Abbau und Verwendung: in Stein 1993
168:
with its branch, the Wernigerode Granite Quarries (
385:Königskopf granite was extracted in a quarry near
585:Die geologisch/strukturellen Einheiten des Harzes
187:as well as an unknown number in another firm in
637:Sickenberg: Lagerstätten Niedersachsens, p. 22
230:forest district near the small settlements of
174:Braunlager Granit- und Schotterwerke G.m.b.H.
8:
756:Mohr: Geologie des Harzes, p. 226 f u. 236.
709:Available online at www.baufachinformation
504:Soviet War Memorial in Berlin's Tiergarten
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
622:
335:Wurmberg granite, specimen ca. 10 x 8 cm
791:Geologie und Mineralstätten des Harzes.
526:
226:Knaupsholz granite was quarried in the
768:Regionale Geologie von Ostdeutschland
563:Regionale Geologie von Ostdeutschland
514:; the mining church in Schierke; the
510:; interior of the Schiller Museum in
185:Braunlager Granit- und Schotterwerken
44:
7:
124:about 300 million years ago. These
671:5th Vol. Dorn-Verlag, Bremen, Horn
535:Der Knaupsholz-Granit aus dem Harz
14:
727:Mohr: Geologie des Harzes, p. 414
500:Sachsenhausen concentration camps
372:, muscovite and opaque minerals.
180:, Belgium and the Netherlands.
1:
170:Granitsteinbrüche Wernigerode
166:Hannoversche Basaltwerke mbH
736:Grimm, Wolf-Dieter (1990).
718:, accessed on 26 July 2009.
624:10.1093/petrology/43.8.1529
348:and 250 metres high on the
172:, 60 to 70 employees), and
46:[ˌhaːɐ̯tsɐgʁaˈniːt]
844:
658:, accessed on 26 July 2009
595:, accessed on 26 July 2009
533:Müller, Friedrich (1991).
508:Soviet Cenotaph in Treptow
426:, up to 5 cm across.
274:, 0.7% ore minerals, like
193:German Democratic Republic
156:in 1938 were the firms of
667:Sickenberg, Otto (1951).
583:TU Clausthal-Zellerfeld:
85:. Knaupsholz granite was
704:Schwate, Werner (1993).
164:(100 to 110 employees),
486:Monuments and buildings
470:Technical construction
447:
439:
438:Schierke mining church
413:Geology and occurrence
336:
238:, a kilometre east of
37:
21:
445:
437:
334:
19:
611:Journal of Petrology
264:plagioclase feldspar
789:Mohr, Kurt (1933).
682:Geologie des Harzes
560:Franke, Dietrich.
393:Mineral composition
356:Mineral composition
307:Mineral composition
828:Mining in the Harz
774:2011-07-19 at the
765:Franke, Dietrich.
654:2011-07-13 at the
591:2011-07-19 at the
569:2011-07-19 at the
464:Harz National Park
462:for trails in the
450:Harz granites are
448:
440:
376:Königskopf granite
337:
290:Birkenkopf granite
217:Knaupsholz granite
122:Late Carboniferous
91:in the former GDR"
77:. The first three
71:Königskopf granite
63:Birkenkopf granite
59:Knaupsholz granite
49:) is found in the
22:
516:Palace of Culture
452:weather-resistant
401:Ilsestein granite
118:Hercynian orogeny
75:Ilsestein granite
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617:(8): 1529–1549.
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542:Available online
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327:Wurmberg granite
240:Schierke station
232:Drei Annen Hohne
154:Second World War
67:Wurmberg granite
48:
43:
32:
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593:Wayback Machine
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539:Naturstein 1991
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460:stone chippings
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260:alkali feldspar
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250:Mineral content
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211:Gelochter Stein
150:
102:
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28:
12:
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5:
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126:natural stones
110:Harz Mountains
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51:Harz Mountains
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104:The granitic
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55:natural stone
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39:
38:Harzer Granit
35:
31:
26:
18:
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189:Lower Saxony
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178:German Reich
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83:East Germany
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25:Harz granite
24:
23:
496:Ravensbrück
480:Kiel Canals
301:Hasselfelde
162:Wernigerode
807:Categories
522:References
492:Buchenwald
476:Mittelland
387:Königskrug
381:Occurrence
340:Occurrence
295:Occurrence
228:Knaupsholz
222:Occurrence
139:island-arc
42:pronounced
823:Quarrying
346:Braunlage
313:magnetite
276:magnetite
205:Eckerloch
142:tholeiite
89:cut stone
30:‹See Tfd›
772:Archived
712:Archived
684:, p. 413
652:Archived
589:Archived
567:Archived
545:Archived
506:and the
350:Wurmberg
321:hematite
284:hematite
272:chlorite
262:, 15.1%
258:, 45.9%
236:Schierke
148:Quarries
79:granites
813:Granite
785:Sources
366:apatite
268:biotite
266:, 4.8%
114:Brocken
108:of the
106:plutons
100:Geology
797:
744:
680:Mohr:
537:, in:
512:Weimar
502:; the
424:geodes
370:rutile
362:zircon
317:pyrite
280:pyrite
256:quartz
197:Zureck
158:Zureck
135:norite
131:gabbro
112:- the
34:German
419:magma
407:Thale
795:ISBN
742:ISBN
498:and
478:and
319:and
270:and
234:and
209:and
73:and
619:doi
430:Use
242:in
160:in
809::
689:^
615:43
613:.
609:.
494:,
482:.
368:,
364:,
323:.
315:,
282:,
278:,
93:.
69:,
65:,
61:,
57::
40:,
36::
627:.
621::
133:-
27:(
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