1327:
1355:
1341:
106:
143:
210:
The
Hawthorn Group is the widest spread stratigraphic unit of Miocene age in the southeastern United States, making up almost the entire thickness of Miocene strata over the area in which it occurs. The Hawthorn group has complex bedding, primarily consisting of clay, silt and sand. Stratigraphy
1392:
The name has been spelled both with and without the final "e" since 1913. The
Florida Geological Survey uses the spelling "Hawthorn", and the U.S. Geological Survey defers on the spelling of a unit name to the usage of the geological survey of the state in which the stratotype is
207:, where its phosphate-rich rock was quarried and processed for use as fertilizer. The Hawthrone Beds were later renamed the Hawthorne Formation. Late in the 20th century the Hawthorn Formation was redesignated as the Hawthorn Group consisting of several formations.
341:
found in southeastern South
Carolina, the coastal plain of Georgia, and much of the Florida Peninsula.The Hawthorn Group extends from southeastern South Carolina through the coastal plain of Georgia and the Florida Peninsula to south Florida.
238:. It is predominantly siliciclastic, consisting primarily of fine-to medium-grained quartz sand. Clay is also a component, interstitially and in beds. Other common components of Hawthorn units include phosphate,
1368:
1770:
1470:
Hydrogeologic
Framework of the Florida Aquifer System in Florida and in Parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina (U.S. Geographical Survey Professional Paper 1403-B)
1745:
Huddlestun, Paul F. (1993). "An
Overview of the Neogene of Georgia". In Zulio, Victor A.; Harris, W. Burleigh; Scott, Thomas M.; Portell, Roger W. (eds.).
1598:
Abbott, William H.; Andrews, George W. (1979). "Middle
Miocene diatoms in the Hawthorn Formation Within the Ridgeland Trough, South Carolina and Georgia".
1847:
1852:
1746:
1805:
1747:
The
Neogene of Florida and Adjacent Regions: Special Publication 37: Proceedings of the Third Bald Island Conference on Coastal Plains Geology
1549:
Geohydrology of the Cross-Florida Barge Canal Area With
Special Reference to the Ocala Vicinity, Water Resources Investigation Report I-73
1832:
1438:
1522:
1857:
487:
200:
1862:
1373:
318:
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forms the lower part of the
Hawthorn Group in southern Georgia. It grades into the Penney Farms Formation to the south.
1842:
1752:(Report). Tallahassee, Florida: Florida Geological Survey. pp. 91–96. Archived from the original on 2023-12-03
615:
93:
495:
382:
346:
1837:
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525:
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area. It is distinguished from other parts of the
Arcadia Formation by the low percentage of phosphate present.
464:
457:
398:
366:
506:
402:
390:
386:
370:
362:
358:
1332:
513:
491:
354:
1780:
The lithostratigraphy of the Hawthorn Group (Miocene) of Florida: Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 59
231:
and dolomitic limestone are found. Hawthorn Group deposits are mined for phosphate in central Florida.
1802:
1779:
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1346:
671:
631:
521:
480:
473:
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175:
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227:
deposits are found throughout the Hawthorn group, but particularly in the lower zone, where beds of
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1238:
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1097:
460:
is the top member of the Hawthorn Group in southeastern South Carolina and northeastern Georgia.
338:
286:
251:
204:
163:
126:
52:
1792:
Geology of Oligocene, Miocene, and Younger Deposits in the Coastal Area of Georgia, Bulletin 131
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1008:
990:
1037:
999:
1293:
958:
734:
552:
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429:
422:
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1526:
1446:
759:
267:
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981:
410:
277:
228:
220:
70:
467:
is the upper part of the Coosawatchie Formation in southern Georgia and northern Florida.
476:
is the middle member of the Hawthorn Group in southeastern Georgia and northern Florida.
904:
448:
406:
183:
171:
1826:
1156:
1078:
865:
855:
839:
726:
624:
574:
517:
444:
443:
is the lowest part of the Arcadia Formation in southwestern Florida. It is primarily
373:. The Hawthorn is also present below undifferentiated sediments (TQu) as well as the
111:
38:
1186:
1146:
1136:
944:
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831:
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647:
555:
may have resulted from the weathering of Hawthorn Group sediments, intermixed with
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239:
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17:
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884:
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1116:
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1229:
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894:
807:
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302:
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27:
Stratigraphic unit of Miocene age in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida
509:
is the lower part of the Hawthorn Group in northern and central Florida.
425:
is the lower carbonate layer of the Hawthorn Group in southern Florida.
311:
1619:
1054:
874:
799:
783:
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559:
deposits. Scott does not consider it to be part of the Hawthorn Group.
327:
282:
272:
187:
179:
167:
42:
1310:
663:
193:
1611:
297:) in northern Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, and to earliest
345:
In Florida, the Hawthorn Group encompasses in part the counties of
211:
varies, but the group usually consist of three main zones, a lower
409:
near Polk to below 600 meters in Monroe Co. The Hawthorn overlies
247:
141:
1475:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey. p. B37.
203:
in 1887. It was later included in the Hawthorne Beds, named for
498:
and Bayshore Clay members and other siliciclastic beds of the
1369:
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in South Carolina
502:. The Peace River Formation overlies the Arcadia Formation.
199:
The Waldo Formation was described by L.C. Johnson of the
447:, while the rest of the Arcadia Formation is primarily
293:) in the eastern Florida panhandle, to middle Miocene (
146:
Location of the Hawthorn Group within Florida (in red).
1797:(Report). Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia Geologic Survey.
432:
is the lowest level of the Arcadia Formation in the
543:and adjacent southwestern Georgia. It includes the
132:
122:
117:
99:
89:
84:
76:
66:
58:
48:
32:
1439:"Geology of Florida Miocene to Holocene Chapter 5"
1769:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1817:Paleobiology database: Love Bone Bed Collection
1551:(Report). Tallahassee: U. S. Geological Survey.
219:zone, and an upper mixed zone of clastic and
8:
1425:
182:, in the United States. It is known for its
1790:Weems, Robert E.; Edwards, Lucy E. (2001).
516:is the top of the Hawthorn Group along the
186:resources, and for its rich assemblages of
1485:
29:
1443:University of Florida Geology Department
1406:
1385:
1762:
234:The Hawthorn group was deposited on a
1728:
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1413:
490:was proposed by Scott to include the
7:
1785:(Report). Florida Geological Survey.
337:The Hawthorn Group includes several
305:) in southern Florida, ~23 to ~3.6
25:
1848:Oligocene Series of North America
1353:
1339:
1325:
104:
1853:Miocene Series of North America
201:United States Geological Survey
1374:Paleontology in South Carolina
539:is in the eastern part of the
319:North American land mammal age
1:
1101:(Early horse-type ungulate)
1879:
1833:Geologic groups of Florida
1576:, pp. 65, 68, 70, 73.
1547:Faulkner, Glen L. (1973).
616:Alligator mississippiensis
578:(Florida Softshell Turtle)
94:Southeastern United States
1778:Scott, Thomas M. (1988).
1468:Miller, James A. (1986).
37:
1500:, pp. xii, 49, 100.
1426:Weems & Edwards 2001
699:(Lancehead, Rattlesnake)
1858:Paleontology in Florida
1719:, pp. 91, 100–102.
1083:(False Saber-tooth cat)
1073:(False Saber-tooth cat)
458:Coosawhatchie Formation
405:at depths ranging from
1695:, pp. 18, 21, 24.
1683:, pp. 79, 81, 86.
1523:"USGS Florida Geology"
547:and Sopchoppy members.
507:Penney Farms Formation
147:
1863:Miocene United States
1803:USGS: Florida Geology
1333:Earth sciences portal
514:Statenville Formation
492:Bone Valley Formation
488:Peace River Formation
160:Hawthorn(e) Formation
145:
1347:United States portal
811:(Crakes & Coots)
672:Lampropeltis getulus
635:(American Crocodile)
632:Thecachampsa antiqua
619:(American Alligator)
532:counties in Florida.
522:Statenville, Georgia
481:Parachucla Formation
474:Marks Head Formation
289:) to early Miocene (
158:, previously called
1361:Paleontology portal
1275:Pristis aquitanicus
819:(New World Vulture)
339:geologic formations
39:Stratigraphic range
1808:2009-11-28 at the
205:Hawthorne, Florida
164:stratigraphic unit
148:
136:L.C. Johnson, 1887
127:Hawthorne, Florida
1843:Paleogene Florida
1819:
1812:
1707:, pp. 50–54.
1671:, pp. 33–34.
1635:, pp. 41–43.
1600:Micropaleontology
1449:on March 16, 2012
1294:Hemipristis serra
735:Phalacrocoracidae
553:Alachua Formation
541:Florida Panhandle
537:Torreya Formation
524:, extending into
500:Tamiami Formation
423:Arcadia Formation
375:Tamiami Formation
236:continental shelf
140:
139:
16:(Redirected from
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1266:Otodus megalodon
760:Phoenicopteridae
603:(Chicken Turtle)
315:
110:
108:
107:
30:
21:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1872:
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1838:Neogene Florida
1823:
1822:
1810:Wayback Machine
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1612:10.2307/1485301
1606:(3): 225, 228.
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1486:Huddlestun 1993
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1340:
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1326:
1324:
1321:
1253:(Horned gopher)
982:Microchiroptera
659:(Hognose Snake)
565:
496:Murdock Station
465:Charlton Member
418:
411:Ocala Limestone
335:
316:
310:
275:
264:
221:carbonate rocks
215:zone, a middle
156:Hawthorne Group
105:
103:
71:Ocala Limestone
28:
23:
22:
18:Hawthorne Group
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1590:
1588:, pp. 73.
1578:
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1514:
1512:, p. 122.
1502:
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1213:Archaeolaginae
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1089:Antilocaprinae
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1023:
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905:Pseudhipparion
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691:(Garter Snake)
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561:
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441:Nocatee Member
437:
417:
414:
407:mean sea level
381:south through
334:
331:
326:through early
263:
260:
184:phosphate rock
172:South Carolina
152:Hawthorn Group
138:
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50:
46:
45:
35:
34:
33:Hawthorn Group
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1731:, p. 54.
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1659:, p. 34.
1658:
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1564:, p. 56.
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1529:on 2011-07-21
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1488:, p. 92.
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1428:, p. 10.
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1157:Pomatodelphis
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1079:Barbourofelis
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707:(Rattlesnake)
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442:
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408:
404:
403:Monroe County
400:
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372:
371:Marion County
368:
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112:United States
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1527:the original
1517:
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1451:. Retrieved
1447:the original
1442:
1433:
1421:
1416:, p. 8.
1409:
1388:
1314:(pufferfish)
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1187:Hemiauchenia
1185:
1175:
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1155:
1147:Balaenoptera
1145:
1137:Goniodelphis
1135:
1129:platyrostris
1125:
1115:
1111:(Camel-like)
1105:
1096:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1060:
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1045:
1036:
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1022:(Mustelidae)
1016:
1012:(Mustelidae)
1007:
1003:(Mustelidae)
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994:(Mustelidae)
989:
980:
971:
964:
957:
951:H. plicatile
950:
945:Hippotherium
943:
933:
925:Neohipparion
923:
913:
903:
899:(Rhinoceros)
897:malacorhinus
893:
889:(Rhinoceros)
883:
873:
864:
854:
847:
846:
838:
832:Accipitridae
830:
822:
814:
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803:(Crane-like)
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741:
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694:
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662:
654:
648:Xenodontinae
646:
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630:
623:
614:
606:
598:
595:(Box Turtle)
590:
581:
573:
567:
566:
550:
430:Tampa Member
344:
336:
317:
309:a period of
295:Serravallian
276:
266:
265:
240:palygorskite
233:
209:
198:
159:
155:
151:
149:
118:Type section
1765:cite report
1167:Aepycamelus
1127:Ninoziphius
1098:Pseudoceras
1063:(Proto-dog)
973:Protohippus
927:trampasense
824:Pandionidae
816:Cathartidae
747:(Snakebird)
738:(Cormorant)
675:(Kingsnake)
667:(Rat Snake)
651:(Mud Snake)
600:Deirochelys
379:Polk County
291:Burdigalian
281:: Earliest
1827:Categories
1756:2024-05-07
1729:Scott 1988
1717:Scott 1988
1705:Scott 1988
1693:Scott 1988
1681:Scott 1988
1669:Scott 1988
1657:Scott 1988
1645:Scott 1988
1633:Scott 1988
1586:Scott 1988
1574:Scott 1988
1562:Scott 1988
1533:2009-12-23
1510:Scott 1988
1498:Scott 1988
1414:Scott 1988
1401:References
1303:Myliobatus
1284:Galeocerdo
1249:Mylagaulus
1224:(Squirrel)
1177:Procamelus
1092:(Antilope)
1069:Nimravides
1028:Arctonasua
1018:Sthenictis
1009:Plionictis
991:Leptarctus
985:(Microbat)
885:Teleoceras
869:(Elephant)
858:floridanum
843:(Songbird)
763:(Flamingo)
752:Ciconiidae
696:Crotalinae
688:Thamnophis
627:americanus
611:(Tortoise)
608:Geochelone
563:Paleofauna
324:Arikareean
287:Aquitanian
213:calcareous
191:vertebrate
62:(See text)
1453:March 22,
1221:Sciuridae
1204:Soricidae
1149:floridana
1119:floridana
1117:Kogiopsis
1109:hamiltoni
1107:Yumaceras
1061:E. saevus
1047:Leptocyon
1038:Paranasua
1032:(Raccoon)
1030:floridana
1000:Hoplictis
961:cerasinus
935:Nannippus
917:tehonense
915:Hipparion
860:(Sea Cow)
795:(Limpkin)
719:Anserinae
704:Sistrurus
656:Heterodon
592:Terrapene
583:Pseudemys
449:carbonate
434:Tampa Bay
383:Highlands
347:Gilchrist
256:dolostone
244:sepiolite
225:Phosphate
123:Named for
77:Thickness
59:Sub-units
1806:Archived
1393:located.
1319:See also
1241:simpsoni
1234:(Beaver)
1230:Eucastor
1215:(Rabbit)
1196:Talpidae
1159:bobengia
1081:loveorum
1040:biradica
959:Calippus
947:ingenuum
907:skinneri
895:Aphelops
887:proterum
877:simpsoni
827:(Osprey)
808:Rallidae
792:Aramidae
640:Typhlops
568:Reptiles
557:Pliocene
530:Hamilton
526:Columbia
333:Location
303:Zanclean
299:Pliocene
252:dolomite
229:dolomite
133:Named by
85:Location
67:Overlies
1739:Sources
1620:1485301
1297:(Shark)
1288:(Shark)
1286:aduncus
1278:(Shark)
1269:(Shark)
1251:elassos
1207:(Shrew)
1191:(Camel)
1181:(Camel)
1179:grandis
1171:(Camel)
1161:(Whale)
1151:(Whale)
1141:(Whale)
1139:hudsoni
1131:(Whale)
1121:(Whale)
1071:galiani
1057:haydeni
1055:Epicyon
977:(Horse)
975:gidleyi
967:(Horse)
953:(Horse)
939:(Horse)
937:westoni
929:(Horse)
919:(Horse)
909:(Horse)
879:(Tapir)
875:Tapirus
848:Mammals
835:(Eagle)
800:Gruidae
787:(Heron)
784:Ardeola
779:(Egret)
776:Egretta
771:(Heron)
755:(Stork)
745:grandis
743:Anhinga
730:(Grebe)
680:Nerodia
585:caelata
545:Dogtown
399:Collier
367:Alachua
328:Blancan
322:: Late
283:Miocene
273:Neogene
217:clastic
194:fossils
188:Neogene
180:Florida
176:Georgia
170:age in
168:Miocene
162:) is a
100:Country
43:Miocene
1618:
1311:Diodon
1243:(Vole)
1232:planus
1199:(Mole)
1189:minima
1020:lacota
722:(Swan)
664:Elaphe
494:, the
401:, and
391:Hendry
387:Glades
363:Sumter
359:Citrus
268:Period
250:, and
178:, and
154:(also
109:
90:Region
1795:(PDF)
1783:(PDF)
1750:(PDF)
1616:JSTOR
1473:(PDF)
1380:Notes
1306:(Ray)
1169:major
768:Ardea
712:Birds
520:near
416:Units
377:from
355:Dixie
278:Epoch
248:chert
53:Group
1771:link
1455:2024
1258:Fish
1059:and
963:and
949:and
551:The
535:The
528:and
512:The
505:The
486:The
479:The
472:The
463:The
456:The
439:The
428:The
421:The
395:Dade
369:and
351:Levy
312:19.4
150:The
49:Type
1608:doi
629:or
307:mya
262:Age
254:or
166:of
1829::
1767:}}
1763:{{
1614:.
1604:25
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20:)
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