Knowledge (XXG)

Hate group

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2333: 121: 110: 101: 130: 2928:, addresses competition between groups by positing that when two groups are competing for limited resources, one group's potential success is at odds with the other's interests, which leads to negative out-group attitudes. If groups have the same goal, their interactions will be positive, but opposing goals will worsen intergroup relations. Intergroup conflict may increase in-group unity, leading to a larger disparity and more conflict between groups. 36: 8226: 7427: 2163: 8246: 2918:
another. This partiality towards cooperative behavior suggests that intergroup conflict might decline if group members devoted more energy to positive in-group improvements than to out-group competition. Groups formed around a set of moral codes are more likely than non-morality-based groups to exhibit "out-group hate" as a response to their especially strong sense of "in-group love."
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can identify and deconstruct personal insecurities of group members, which in turn contribute to the weakness of the group. Perhaps most critical to combating group hate is to prevent the recruitment of new members by supporting those who are most susceptible, especially children and youth, in developing a positive self-esteem and a humanized understanding of out-groups.
2415:. If a group has a charismatic leader, it is more likely to be violent. Groups that share conflict-based relationships with other groups are more likely to engage in extreme violence. The amount of ideological literature which a group publishes is linked to significant decreases in a group's violent behavior, with more literature linked to lower levels of violence. 2312:. The SPLC's definition of a "hate group" includes any group with beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people—particularly when the characteristics being maligned are immutable. However, at least for the SPLC, inclusion of a group in the list "does not imply a group advocates or engages in violence or other criminal activity." According to 8236: 7437: 2950:. Intergroup threat theories provide a framework for intergroup biases and aggression. Intergroup anxiety refers to a felt uneasiness around members of other groups, which is predictive of biased attitudes and behaviors. Negative stereotypes are also correlated with these behaviors, causing threat based on negative expectations about an out-group. 2817:
While many hate sites are explicitly antagonistic or violent, others may appear patriotic or benign, and this façade may contribute to the appeal of the groups. Hate group websites work towards the following goals: to educate group members and the public, to encourage participation, to claim a divine
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The concept of hate groups has been criticised as being arbitrarily and incoherently defined, as hatred can be promoted against a theoretically unlimited number of groups yet only a select few protected characteristics are included. Choosing to designate specific groups as hate groups but not others
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Hate group intervention is most possible if a group has not yet passed from the speech to the action stage, and interventions on immature hate groups are more effective than those that are firmly established. Intervention and rehabilitation is most effective when the one investigating a hate group
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expert Ehud Sprinzak argues that verbal violence is "the use of extreme language against an individual or a group that either implies a direct threat that physical force will be used against them, or is seen as an indirect call for others to use it." Sprinzak argues that verbal violence is often a
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According to the SPLC, from 2000 to 2008, hate group activity saw a 50 percent increase in the US, with a total of 926 active groups. In 2019, the organization's report showed a total of 1,020 hate groups, the highest number in 20 years, and a 7% increase from 2017 to 2018. The previous high was
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hate," a desire to injure a foreign group. Both individuals and groups are more motivated by "in-group love" than "out-group hate," even though both motivations might advance a group's status. This preference is especially salient when a group is not situated in a competitive position against
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does not publish a list of hate groups, and it also says that "investigations are only conducted when a threat or advocacy of force is made; when the group has the apparent ability to carry out the proclaimed act; and when the act would constitute a potential violation of federal law". The FBI
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hate groups, argues that we should view verbal violence as "an assault in its own right, having been intended to produce profound damage—emotional, psychological, and social—to the dignity and honor of the Jews. The wounds that people suffer by ... such vituperation ... can be as bad as ...
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According to the 7-stage hate model, a hate group, if unimpeded, passes through seven successive stages. In the first four stages, hate groups vocalize their beliefs and in the last three stages, they act on their beliefs. Factors that contribute to a group's likelihood to act include the
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thus becomes a rhetorical device to pathologize certain groups as deviant rather than a coherent concept. Hate groups are tracked by groups such as the SPLC and ADL, but the lack of a clear definition means these measures run the risk of simply being the opinion of private organisations.
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In the US, crimes that "manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including the crimes of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter; forcible rape; robbery; aggravated assault; burglary; larceny-theft; motor vehicle theft; arson; simple assault;
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People tend to judge the offensiveness of hate speech on a gradient depending on how public the speech is and what group it targets. Although people's opinions of hate speech are complex, they typically consider public speech targeting ethnic minorities to be the most offensive.
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theory proposes that intergroup bias and conflict result from conflicting ideals, not from perceived competition or opposing goals. Biases based on symbolic threat tend to be stronger predictors of practical behavior towards out-groups than biases based on realistic threat.
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calling and privilege, and to accuse out-groups (e.g. the government or the media). Groups that work effectively towards these goals via an online presence tend to strengthen their sense of identity, decrease the threat levels from out-groups, and recruit more new members.
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are: organizational capacity, organizational constituency, strategic connectivity, and structural arrangement. The larger an extremist group is and the longer it has existed, it is more prone to engage in violence. Regionally, hate groups which are based in the
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choose their target, set up their page or group, and then recruit members. Anyone can create a Facebook group and invite followers to post comments, add pictures and participate in discussion boards. A Facebook page is similar, with the exception that one must
2276:(FBI), a hate group's "primary purpose is to promote animosity, hostility, and malice against persons belonging to a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin which differs from that of the members of the organization." 2954:
vulnerability of its members as well as its reliance on symbols and mythologies. This model points to a transition period that exists between verbal violence and acting out that violence, separating hardcore haters from rhetorical haters. Thus,
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intimidation; and destruction, damage or vandalism of property", directed at the government, an individual, a business, or institution, involving hate groups and hate crimes, may be investigated as acts of domestic terrorism.
2810:. The Internet has been a boon for hate groups in terms of promotion, recruitment and expansion of their base to include younger audiences. An Internet hate group does not have to be part of a traditional faction such as the 5315: 2535: 6427: 1105: 4339: 5272:
Chokshi N (2016) The year of ‘enormous rage’. The Washington Post. Available at: www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/02/17/hate-groups-rose-14-percent-last-year-the-first-increase-since-2010/.
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formed the Consultative Commission on Racism and Xenophobia (CRAX), a pan-European group which was tasked to "investigate and, using legal means, stamp out the current wave of racism on the Internet."
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substitute for real violence, and that the verbalization of hate has the potential to incite people who are incapable of distinguishing between real and verbal violence to engage in actual violence.
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Intergroup threat occurs when one group's interests threaten another group's goals and well-being. Intergroup threat theories provide a framework for intergroup biases and aggression.
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and other video sites. The findings illustrate that as the Internet continues to grow, extremists find new ways to seek validation of their hateful agendas and recruit members.
8017: 4595: 3690: 2430:, and he asserts that the KKK has resurfaced and new hate groups have formed. Agne argues that it is a mistake to underestimate the strength of the hate-violence movement, its 3495:
Chermak, S.; Freilich, J.; Suttmoeller, M. (2013). "The organizational dynamics of far-right hate groups in the United States: comparing violent to nonviolent organizations".
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Moody, M., "New Media-Same Stereotypes: An Analysis of Social Media Depictions of President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama", 'The Journal of New Media & Culture
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McNamee, L.G.; Peterson, B.L.; Pena, J. (2010). "A call to educate, participate, invoke, and indict: understanding the communication of online hate groups".
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Tetrault, Justin Everett Cobain. "What’s hate got to do with it? Right-wing movements and the hate stereotype." Current sociology 69, no. 1 (2021): 3-23.
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recognizes that conflict can arise from a combination of intergroup dynamics and classifies threats into four types: realistic threat, symbolic threat,
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of Los Angeles asked Internet access providers to adopt a code of ethics that would prevent extremists from publishing their ideas online. In 1996, the
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Halevy, N.; Bornstein, G.; Sagiv, L. (2008). ""In-group love" and "out-group hate" as motives for individual participation in intergroup conflict".
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In the mid-1990s, the popularity of the Internet brought new international exposure to many organizations, including groups with beliefs such as
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McConahay, J.B. "Self-interest versus racial attitudes as correlates of anti-busing attitudes in Louisville: Is it the buses or the blacks?".
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Parker, M.T.; Janoff-Bulman, R. (2013). "Lessons from morality-based social identity: the power of outgroup "hate," not just ingroup "love"".
4483: 8270: 7440: 5967: 5700: 4217: 4190: 4155: 637: 362: 5482: 3916: 8300: 6475: 5790: 5612: 5378: 4551: 3796:"Groups that Helped Oust Iowa Judges Earn 'Hate Group' Designation; SPLC Adds American Family Association, Family Research Council to List" 3767: 2700: 2142: 1161: 452: 266: 3717:
Cowan, G.; Hodge, C. (1996). "Judgments of hate speech: the effects of target group, publicness, and behavioral responses of the target".
2861:" the page in order to become a member. Because of the ease of creating and joining such groups, many so-called hate groups exist only in 4698: 4238: 4024:"The Creation of the Devil and the End of the White Man's Rule: The Theological Influence of the Nation of Islam on Early Black Theology" 7624: 7121: 6791: 6704: 6595: 6263: 6083: 5725: 5710: 4710: 4624: 1819: 1475: 1388: 1281: 941: 759: 387: 372: 3362: 2687:. The church has been involved in actions against gay people since at least 1991, when it sought a crackdown on homosexual activity at 6689: 6163: 4323: 2332: 1373: 841: 8056: 6337: 1015: 8039: 7501: 6168: 5664: 5642: 5327: 4110: 3885: 3800: 3138:, U.S. Department of Justice: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Justice Information Services Division, Revised October 1999. 846: 318: 296: 80: 3849: 3795: 2695:
protests at military funerals, the organization pickets celebrity funerals and public events. Protests have also been held against
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groups, they target teenagers and vulnerable young men, their recruitment tactics include the use of methods which are akin to
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Halevy, N.; Weisel, O.; Bornstein, G. (2012). ""In-group love" and "out-group hate" in repeated interaction between groups".
462: 3988: 3538: 2829:, identified more than 10,000 problematic hate and terrorist websites and other Internet postings. The report includes hate 2798:
Traditionally, hate groups recruited members and spread extremist messages by word of mouth, or through the distribution of
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groups, are sources of concern to some experts. Using recruitment techniques which are similar to those which are used by
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Kinder, D.R.; Sears, D.O. (1981). "Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life".
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Riek, B.M.; Mania, E.W.; Gaertner, S.L. (2006). "Intergroup threat and outgroup attitudes: a meta-analytic review".
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hate groups which target women, particularly those groups whose members mostly consist of young men who include
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Brother against Brother: Violence and Extremism in Israeli Politics from Altalena to the Rabin Assassination
3447: 2822: 2707:. The church also has made statements such as "thank God for dead soldiers", "God blew up the troops", and " 2676: 2622: 2604: 2573: 2549: 2519: 2376:, and young right-wing internet trolls—all united in the belief that white male identity is under attack by 1965: 1945: 1799: 1789: 1747: 1363: 1206: 1060: 1030: 1025: 1005: 968: 903: 888: 821: 794: 779: 163: 4731: 109: 8275: 8124: 8027: 7947: 7776: 7717: 7619: 7516: 7459: 7358: 7331: 7321: 6801: 6781: 6644: 6515: 6412: 6362: 6332: 6312: 6240: 6220: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6096: 6067: 6040: 6016: 6011: 5607: 5597: 4250: 2914: 2728: 2680: 2630: 2423: 2418:
The California Association for Human Relations Organizations (CAHRO) asserts that hate groups such as the
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The Transmission and Dynamics of the Textual Sources of Islam: Essays in Honour of Harald Motzki
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1,018 in 2011, and the recent low point was 2014, when the list included 784 groups. A rise in
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Two private American non-profit organizations that monitor intolerance and hate groups are the
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groups from 100 in 2017 to 148 in 2018 was the most significant increase in the 2019 report.
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Eagley, A.H.; Mladinic, A. (1989). "Gender stereotypes and attitudes toward women and men".
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Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination: The Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology
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Uniform Crime Reporting: Summary Reporting System: National Incident-Based Reporting System
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Realistic group conflict theory and symbolic threat theory are, in some cases, compatible.
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Ho, C.; Jackson, J.W. (2001). "Attitudes toward Asian Americans: Theory and measurement".
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Cargo Cults and Millenarian Movements: Transoceanic Comparisons of New Religious Movements
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Schafer, J.R. (2006). "The seven-stage hate model: the psychopathology of hate groups".
3311:"New anti-hate group aims to monitor 'growing threat' of far-right extremists in Canada" 2304:(SPLC). They maintain lists of what they deem to be hate groups, supremacist groups and 8206: 7860: 7729: 7378: 7336: 7306: 7296: 7214: 7207: 7192: 7182: 7018: 6954: 6896: 6891: 6876: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6535: 6470: 5999: 5972: 5825: 5537: 5147: 4625:"Former Westboro Baptist Church member speaks out: 'I was brainwashed' – NY Daily News" 3730: 3024: 2679:
is considered a hate group by multiple sources and the WBC is monitored as such by the
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1999 Developing Hate Crime Questions for the National Crime Victim Survey (NCVS) p. 1
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Assessing the reliability and accuracy of advocacy group data in hate group research
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The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program – Data Quality Guidelines for Statistics
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are more likely to engage in violence than those hate groups which are based in the
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love," a desire to positively contribute to the group to which one belongs, or "
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Dudley, J. Wayne, '"Hate" Organizations of the 1940s: The Columbians, Inc.',
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Jessup, Michael "The Sword of Truth in the Sea of Lies: The Theology of Hate"
2544:(SPLC) has designated several Christian groups as hate groups, including the 8174: 8109: 7614: 7301: 7249: 6966: 6565: 5695: 5336:(May 2000). ""Button-Down Terror": The Metamorphosis of the Hate Movement". 4862:"New Aussie 'patriots' leader Blair Cottrell wanted Hitler in the classroom" 3651: 3259: 3109: 3004: 2873: 2870: 2842: 2431: 2353: 2314: 2233: 2210: 2203: 2177: 2007: 1955: 1656: 1251: 357: 179: 5037: 4938: 3448:"Alt-Right Exults in Donald Trump's Election With a Salute: 'Heil Victory'" 5444:
Poisoning the Web: Hatred Online, Internet Bigotry, Extremism and Violence
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Stephan, W.G.; Stephan, C.W. (2000). "An integrated theory of prejudice".
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stomping on the American flag or flying the flag upside down on a flagpole
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Flags commonly used by hate groups include (clockwise from top-left): The
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A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom
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in favor of forms of conservatism that may embrace implicit or explicit
8104: 5770: 5674: 5654: 5627: 5602: 5240:. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. pp. 61–63. 4439:"Kansas Hate Group Westboro Baptist Church Protest Brooklyn Synagogues" 3019: 2846: 2830: 2665: 2469: 2461: 2269: 432: 328: 308: 281: 256: 4576:. Westboro Baptist Church. Archived from the original on June 18, 2017 3623:"Federal Bureau of Investigation – Civil Rights – Hate Crime Overview" 2398:
Four categories which are associated with hate groups' propensity for
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Katel, Peter (2009-05-08). "Hate Groups". Vol. 19, no. 18.
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List of organizations designated by the SPLC as anti-LGBT hate groups
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Hate Communities in Cyber Space; Manjeet Chaturvedi, Ishan, Ishita
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See "The Year in Hate" Southern Poverty Law Center, February 2009.
3363:"'What next?': Experts in Canada alarmed by anti-Trudeau protests" 2751: 2603:
category. Members of the NOI believe that a black scientist named
2331: 1420: 241: 5506: 4645:"Daughter who fled Westboro Baptist Church tells of brainwashing" 4511:"Interview with Westboro Baptist Church: Hate in the Name of God" 4492:. Philadelphia: Temple University. March 30, 2010. Archived from 2368:. The alt-right is described as being "a weird mix of old-school 7348: 7177: 5379:"The seven-stage hate model: The psychopathology of hate groups" 4045: 3531:"Freedom From FearR: Ending California's Hate Violence Epidemic" 2883:
organization formed in 2015 has been described as a hate group.
2838: 2716: 2054: 1883: 7455: 5510: 3917:"God and the General. Leader Discusses Black Supremacist Group" 2806:
allows hate group members from all over the world to engage in
4757: 3411:"'Hail Trump!': White Nationalists Salute the President Elect" 2691:
six blocks northwest of the church. In addition to conducting
29: 3824:"'Hate group' designation angers same-sex marriage opponents" 3745:
Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans the Holocaust
2468:("incitement to hatred") in order to prevent a resurgence of 45:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
4239:"Extremist Sects Within the Black Hebrew Israelite Movement" 4022:
Corbman, Marjorie (June 2020). Fletcher, Jeannine H. (ed.).
3409:
Lombroso, Daniel &, Applebaum, Yoni (21 November 2016).
3199: 5312:
The Sword of Truth in the Sea of Lies: The Theology of Hate
4437:
McLaughlin, Mike & Einhorn, Erin (September 27, 2009).
2770:
believes that some of these groups should be classified as
2672:
is another religiously-based White supremacist hate group.
2200: 3899:"SPLC – Active U.S. Hate Groups in 2008: Black Separatist" 2584:
groups, such as the Family Research Council, on its list.
2308:, anti-government or extremist groups that have committed 7451: 4789:
Schafer and Navarro (2002); Williamson and Pierson (2003)
4310:
Confronting Right Wing Extremism and Terrorism in the USA
2325:
is a nonprofit organization that monitors hate groups in
4776: 4774: 3610:
Appendix III – A Brief History of the Hate Crime Program
3955:"Racist Black Hebrew Israelites becoming More Militant" 54: 4458:
Williams, Reed & Young, Chris I. (March 3, 2010).
3175: 2580:
have criticized the SPLC for its inclusion of certain
5303:, Vol. 42, No. 3 (3rd Qtr., 1981), pp. 262–274 ( 5212: 5210: 4993: 4991: 4460:"Opponents Rally against Westboro Baptist Hate Group" 3768:"Is the Family Research Council Really a Hate Group?" 5011: 5009: 3176:"ADL: Fighting Anti-Semitism, Bigotry and Extremism" 8097: 7930: 7698: 7600: 7489: 7160: 7037: 6830: 6441: 6081: 5928: 5688: 5575: 5544: 5294:
Internet Besieged: Countering Cyberspace Scofflaws.
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Racism and Religious Diversity in the United States
3876:, in Priest, Robert J. and Alvaro L. Nieves, eds., 2660:(formerly the World Church of the Creator), led by 4134:. Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 89. 8170:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 7312:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 2909:Hateful intergroup conflict may be motivated by " 2597:Israelite School of Universal Practical Knowledge 2018:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 4594:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3689:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6972:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 5318:, in Robert J. Priest, Alvaro L. Nieves (ed.), 4750:"Proud Boys Named 'Terrorist Entity' In Canada" 3620:Federal Bureau of Investigation – Civil Rights 2727:, and it has been condemned by many mainstream 2711:." The church has faced several accusations of 1662:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 6454:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 5063:. New York: Harper & Row. pp. 221–66. 4419:"Anti-Gay Hate Group Targets Seattle Churches" 3585:"The Church's Response to Hate-Group Violence" 3560:"The Church's Response to Hate-Group Violence" 3250: 3248: 2703:, and some protests have included WBC members 1140:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 7467: 5522: 5478:Survivor bashing – bias motivated hate crimes 2656:religious group which is currently named the 2143: 43:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 5401:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5109:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 5073:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3672:. Archived from the original on May 12, 2003 3431:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6670:List of people killed for being transgender 4233: 4231: 4229: 1354:List of people killed for being transgender 7474: 7460: 7452: 5529: 5515: 5507: 5500:– a map at The Southern Poverty Law Center 5163:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2719:because of its provocative stance against 2150: 2136: 158: 27:Collective united by hatred against others 8140:Interminority racism in the United States 4053: 3196:"SPLCenter.org...forwarding to index.jsp" 3134:"Hate Crime Data Collection Guidelines", 81:Learn how and when to remove this message 5786:Social determinants of health in poverty 5427:) is being considered for deletion. See 5018:Personality and Social Psychology Review 4342:. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from 3756:Newsbytes News Network (31 January 1996) 3361:Kestler-D'Amours, Jillian (2021-09-08). 2613:, who are considered the progenitors of 2161: 448:Social determinants of health in poverty 5059:Sherif, M., & Sherif, C.W. (1969). 4875:McPherson, Tahlia (20 September 2015). 3446:Goldstein, Joseph (November 20, 2016). 3127: 170: 8212:Sociology of race and ethnic relations 5394: 5066: 4612:. March 7, 2013 – via Huff Post. 4587: 4398:"Hate Group Protests at Hamilton H.S." 4257:from the original on 24 September 2020 4085:. Religion and Society. Vol. 29. 3822:Thompson, Krissah (24 November 2010). 3794:Waddington, Lynda (23 November 2010). 3682: 3424: 2924:One type of intergroup threat theory, 4892:Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 2852:Creators of hate pages and groups on 2293:maintains statistics on hate crimes. 7: 8235: 7436: 6476:Capital punishment for homosexuality 5791:Social determinants of mental health 5322:, Oxford University Press US, 2006, 5136:Journal of Applied Social Psychology 4623:Kuruvilla, Carol (6 February 2013). 4466:. Richmond, Virginia. Archived from 3719:Journal of Applied Social Psychology 3254:Woodyard, Chris (February 20, 2019) 2268:, or any other designated sector of 1162:Capital punishment for homosexuality 453:Social determinants of mental health 7625:Discrimination based on nationality 6596:Genital modification and mutilation 5197:"2003 FBI Law Enforcement bulletin" 4860:; McMahon, Luke (17 October 2015). 4711:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3880:(Oxford University Press US, 2006) 2786:rhetoric, has been designated as a 2340:hate groups per million, as of 2013 1282:Genital modification and mutilation 5494: (archived September 27, 2007) 5148:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02742.x 4697:Kelsey-Sugg, Anna (3 April 2021). 4509:Fitzgerald, W.V. (June 16, 2010). 4400:Milwaukee: WTMJ-TV. Archived from 4377:"Hate Group Targeted by Lawmakers" 4375:Westcott, Kathryn (May 25, 2006). 4185:. Simon and Schuster. p. 85. 3766:Sessions, David (16 August 2014). 3731:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01854.x 2664:, is associated with violence and 2599:(ISUPK) as a hate group under the 2464:found it necessary to criminalize 25: 5431:to help reach a consensus. › 3497:Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 2272:. According to the United States 8244: 8234: 8225: 8224: 7435: 7426: 7425: 7075:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 6912:Law for Protection of the Nation 6812:White genocide conspiracy theory 4931:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02100.x 4182:Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times 3707:(New York: The Free Press, 1999) 3667:"Sections & Interest Groups" 2802:and pamphlets. In contrast, the 2591:(NOI) as a hate group under the 1773:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1602:Law for Protection of the Nation 1496:White genocide conspiracy theory 178: 128: 119: 108: 99: 34: 8245: 6917:MSM blood donation restrictions 6665:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 4570:"About Westboro Baptist Church" 4484:"Hate group protests this week" 4179:Hauser, Thomas (15 June 1992). 3375:from the original on 2021-09-08 3309:Draaisma, Muriel (2018-05-08). 3291:from the original on 2018-08-26 3154:Federal Bureau of Investigation 2926:realistic group conflict theory 2623:Black Hebrew Israelite movement 2274:Federal Bureau of Investigation 2166:Examples of hate group symbols: 1607:MSM blood donation restrictions 1349:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 8306:Religiously motivated violence 8130:Go back to where you came from 6930:(as religious or racial quota) 5350:10.1080/00380237.2000.10571161 4396:DeLong, Katie (May 21, 2009). 3562:. Gbgm-umc.org. Archived from 3336:Pierce, Matthew (2021-01-12). 2964:condition of their possibility 1620:(as religious or racial quota) 1: 7344:Second-generation gender bias 7060:Constitutional colorblindness 5781:Social determinants of health 5459:– The Media Awareness Network 4662:Carter, Joe (June 16, 2017). 4362:. Southern Poverty Law Center 3989:"History of Hebrew Israelism" 2958:is seen as a prerequisite of 2896:Deviancy amplification spiral 2715:and has been criticized as a 2228:that advocates and practices 2050:Second-generation gender bias 1758:Constitutional colorblindness 443:Social determinants of health 8271:Prejudice and discrimination 5446:– The Anti-defamation League 5384:FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 3509:10.1080/1057610X.2013.755912 3149:"Frequently Asked Questions" 2570:Traditional Values Coalition 8301:Racially motivated violence 7255:Medical model of disability 7107:Hate speech laws by country 5030:10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_4 4736:Southern Poverty Law Center 4685:Southern Poverty Law Center 4417:Lane, Ray (June 14, 2009). 4281:Southern Poverty Law Center 4206:Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). 4001:Southern Poverty Law Center 3967:Southern Poverty Law Center 3931:. Fall 2008. Archived from 3929:Southern Poverty Law Center 3854:The Family Research Council 3474:"The Rise of the alt-right" 2780:Southern Poverty Law Center 2685:Southern Poverty Law Center 2546:American Family Association 2542:Southern Poverty Law Center 2302:Southern Poverty Law Center 1961:Medical model of disability 1805:Hate speech laws by country 57:, discuss the issue on the 8332: 7364:Social model of disability 5836:Discrimination against men 5373:Schafer, John R. MA & 5296:New York: ACM Press (1998) 5263:, James Madison University 5121:10.1037/0022-3514.40.3.414 4423:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 4081:. In Trompf, G. W. (ed.). 2900:Terrorism and social media 2885: 2778:, which, according to the 2566:Dove World Outreach Center 2533: 2445: 2391: 2323:Canadian Anti-Hate Network 2070:Social model of disability 498:Discrimination against men 8220: 7421: 6717:Opposition to immigration 5638:Race / Ethnicity 5472:Deconstructing Hate Sites 5316:Google Print, p.165-p.166 5259:Purington, M. S. (2017). 4974:10.1007/s11211-012-0175-6 4877:"Hostility to hit Albury" 4827:10.1080/03637751003758227 4550:Wing, Nick (2010-12-09). 4340:"Westboro Baptist Church" 4277:"The Creativity Movement" 4212:. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. 4148:10.1163/9789004206786_017 4103:10.1515/9783110874419.343 3743:Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah, 2905:Psychology of hate groups 2617:, on the Greek island of 2434:and its silent partners. 1401:Opposition to immigration 292:Race / Ethnicity 6712:Occupational segregation 6481:Compulsory sterilization 5429:templates for discussion 5236:Sternberg, R.J. (2005). 5175:10.1177/0146167289154008 4815:Communication Monographs 4306:Michael, George (2003). 4077:Walker, Dennis (2012) . 3472:Staff (1 October 2016). 2940:Integrated-threat theory 2739:Misogynistic hate groups 2587:The SPLC classifies the 2554:Abiding Truth Ministries 2388:Violence and hate crimes 2372:, conspiracy theorists, 1396:Occupational segregation 1167:Compulsory sterilization 8160:Psychometrics of racism 7610:Anti-miscegenation laws 7240:Internalized oppression 7102:Fighting Discrimination 7092:Fat acceptance movement 7050:Anti-discrimination law 6690:Native American mascots 5498:Active U.S. Hate Groups 5488:"When Hate went Online" 4962:Social Justice Research 4847:Perry and Olsson (2009) 4780:Meddaugh and Kay (2009) 4536:Jones, K. Ryan (2008), 4464:Richmond Times-Dispatch 2823:Simon Wiesenthal Center 2808:real-time conversations 2677:Westboro Baptist Church 2574:Westboro Baptist Church 2550:Family Research Council 2520:Simon Wiesenthal Center 1946:Internalized oppression 1800:Fighting Discrimination 1790:Fat acceptance movement 1748:Anti-discrimination law 1374:Native American mascots 152:Confederate battle flag 8125:Ethnic plastic surgery 7620:Biological determinism 7359:Social identity threat 7332:Reverse discrimination 7322:Racial color blindness 6802:Violence against women 6782:Sex-selective abortion 5238:The Psychology of Hate 5199:. 2003. Archived from 4251:Anti-Defamation League 4126:Berg, Herbert (2011). 3747:(Knopf, 1996), p. 124. 2733:LGBT rights supporters 2681:Anti-Defamation League 2608: 2424:White Aryan Resistance 2341: 2298:Anti-Defamation League 2217: 2196:with the Nazi swastika 2170:the white nationalist 2065:Social identity threat 2038:Reverse discrimination 2028:Racial color blindness 1486:Violence against women 1466:Sex-selective abortion 8045:In Jewish communities 8023:Hispanic & Latino 7327:Religious intolerance 7287:Political correctness 7117:Intersex human rights 7065:Cultural assimilation 6747:Religious persecution 6511:Disability hate crime 6296:Jewish / Antisemitism 5377:, MA . (March 2003). 5219:Cultic Studies Review 4919:Psychological Science 4681:The year in hate 2005 4314:. Routledge. p.  3015:Far-right subcultures 2867:United Patriots Front 2729:LGBT rights opponents 2631:religious antisemitic 2530:Religious hate groups 2428:civil rights movement 2392:Further information: 2335: 2240:towards members of a 2165: 2033:Religious intolerance 1993:Political correctness 1815:Intersex human rights 1763:Cultural assimilation 1431:Religious persecution 1197:Disability hate crime 974:Jewish / Antisemitism 8135:Herrenvolk democracy 6732:Political repression 5741:Anti-left handedness 5731:Anti-intellectualism 4668:The Gospel Coalition 4142:. pp. 329–353. 4097:. pp. 343–390. 3281:Parliament of Canada 2974:Conceptual criticism 2892:Echo chamber (media) 2869:, an internet-based 2794:Internet hate groups 2772:misogynist terrorist 2637:beliefs, as well as 2562:Chalcedon Foundation 2352:Since 2010 the term 1416:Political repression 403:Anti-left handedness 393:Anti-intellectualism 63:create a new article 55:improve this article 8316:Anti-LGBT sentiment 8155:Perpetual foreigner 7235:Historical eugenics 6772:Segregation academy 6752:Religious terrorism 6541:Enemy of the people 6449:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 5968:Jehovah's Witnesses 5861:Perpetual foreigner 5320:This Side of Heaven 5286:Denning, Dorothy E. 5090:Journal of Politics 4651:. February 7, 2013. 4630:New York Daily News 4556:The Huffington Post 4055:10.3390/rel11060305 3997:Montgomery, Alabama 3993:Intelligence Report 3963:Montgomery, Alabama 3959:Intelligence Report 3925:Montgomery, Alabama 3921:Intelligence Report 3878:This Side of Heaven 2825:(SWC), in its 2009 2760:far-right extremist 2658:Creativity Movement 2625:expound extremist, 2524:European Commission 2382:politically correct 1941:Historical eugenics 1456:Segregation academy 1436:Religious terrorism 1227:Enemy of the people 1135:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 638:Jehovah's Witnesses 523:Perpetual foreigner 8185:Racial integration 8165:Race and sexuality 7970:Japanese Americans 7690:Racial segregation 7680:Racial nationalism 7147:Social integration 7142:Self-determination 7132:Racial integration 7080:Diversity training 7070:Cultural pluralism 7045:Affirmative action 6945:Racial segregation 6855:Crime of apartheid 6757:Religious violence 6260:Indigenous people 5665:Sexual orientation 5464:2004-06-03 at the 5338:Sociological Focus 4858:Bachelard, Michael 4515:DigitalJournal.com 4253:. September 2020. 3905:on March 14, 2008. 3397:. pp. 421–48. 3010:Far-right politics 2944:intergroup anxiety 2788:domestic terrorist 2607:created a race of 2342: 2266:sexual orientation 2218: 1845:Social integration 1840:Self-determination 1830:Racial integration 1778:Diversity training 1768:Cultural pluralism 1743:Affirmative action 1635:Racial segregation 1545:Crime of apartheid 1441:Religious violence 938:Indigenous people 319:Sexual orientation 8258: 8257: 8006:African Americans 7953:Chinese Americans 7650:Ethnic stereotype 7449: 7448: 7317:Racism by country 7245:Intersectionality 7230:Heteronormativity 7029:Voter suppression 6777:Sexual harassment 6576:Forced conversion 6496:Cultural genocide 6159:African Americans 5978:post–Cold War era 5963:Eastern Orthodoxy 5726:Anti-drug addicts 5721:Anti-homelessness 5648:Scientific racism 5391:on June 22, 2004. 5061:Social psychology 4219:978-0-313-39807-0 4192:978-0-671-77971-9 4157:978-90-04-20678-6 3654:on July 17, 2015. 3075:Identity politics 3070:Hindu nationalism 2790:group in Canada. 2782:is known for its 2709:God hates America 2654:White supremacist 2635:anti-White racist 2627:black supremacist 2601:black supremacist 2595:category and the 2476:Counter-terrorism 2347:white nationalist 2160: 2159: 2023:Racism by country 1951:Intersectionality 1936:Heteronormativity 1719:Voter suppression 1461:Sexual harassment 1262:Forced conversion 1182:Cultural genocide 837:African Americans 648:post–Cold War era 633:Eastern Orthodoxy 388:Anti-drug addicts 383:Anti-homelessness 302:Scientific racism 91: 90: 83: 65:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 8323: 8296:Ethnic supremacy 8248: 8247: 8238: 8237: 8228: 8227: 8082:Racial supremacy 8040:Jewish Americans 8018:Native Americans 7987:Zainichi Koreans 7975:Japanese Koreans 7958:Zainichi Chinese 7931:Racism by target 7708:Global apartheid 7700:Racism by region 7685:Racial profiling 7675:Racial hierarchy 7476: 7469: 7462: 7453: 7439: 7438: 7429: 7428: 7369:Social privilege 7354:Social exclusion 7282:Police brutality 7203:Multiculturalism 7173:Amatonormativity 7004:Social exclusion 6840:Age of candidacy 6640:Homeless dumping 6546:Ethnic cleansing 5531: 5524: 5517: 5508: 5406: 5400: 5392: 5387:. 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Archived from 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3546: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3430: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3406: 3400: 3398: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3323: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3290: 3277: 3269: 3263: 3252: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3239: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3198:. Archived from 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3145: 3139: 3132: 3090:Neo-Confederates 2990:Ethnic cleansing 2877:anti-immigration 2593:black separatist 2512:Holocaust denial 2488:Daniel Goldhagen 2152: 2145: 2138: 2075:Social privilege 2060:Social exclusion 1988:Police brutality 1909:Multiculturalism 1879:Amatonormativity 1694:Social exclusion 1530:Age of candidacy 1324:Homeless dumping 1232:Ethnic cleansing 182: 159: 132: 123: 112: 103: 86: 79: 75: 72: 66: 38: 37: 30: 21: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8321: 8320: 8261: 8260: 8259: 8254: 8216: 8195:Racism in sport 8093: 8087:White supremacy 7926: 7694: 7630:Ethnic conflict 7602: 7596: 7490:Types of racism 7485: 7480: 7450: 7445: 7417: 7292:Polyculturalism 7188:Civil liberties 7156: 7137:Reappropriation 7038:Countermeasures 7033: 6962:Racial steering 6928:Numerus clausus 6832: 6826: 6551:Ethnic conflict 6486:Corrective rape 6437: 6077: 5924: 5816:HIV/AIDS stigma 5684: 5633:Mental disorder 5571: 5540: 5535: 5504: 5492:Wayback Machine 5466:Wayback Machine 5432: 5413: 5393: 5372: 5332: 5280:Further reading 5277: 5276: 5271: 5267: 5258: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5216: 5215: 5208: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5106: 5105: 5101: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5065: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5015: 5014: 5007: 4997: 4996: 4989: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4904:10.1002/bdm.726 4889: 4888: 4884: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4842: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4797: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4779: 4772: 4762: 4760: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4729: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4679: 4675: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4586: 4579: 4577: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4538:Fall from Grace 4535: 4531: 4519: 4517: 4508: 4499: 4497: 4489:The Temple News 4482: 4473: 4471: 4457: 4448: 4446: 4436: 4427: 4425: 4416: 4407: 4405: 4395: 4386: 4384: 4374: 4365: 4363: 4358: 4349: 4347: 4346:on July 7, 2010 4338: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4237: 4236: 4227: 4220: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4193: 4178: 4177: 4173: 4158: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4076: 4075: 4071: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3972: 3970: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3915: 3914: 3910: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3848:Sprigg, Peter. 3847: 3846: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3828:Washington Post 3821: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3778: 3776: 3773:The Daily Beast 3765: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3751: 3742: 3738: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3702: 3698: 3681: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3632: 3630: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3607: 3603: 3594: 3592: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3569: 3567: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3544: 3542: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3423: 3416: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3378: 3376: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3346: 3344: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3321: 3319: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3275: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3253: 3246: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3205: 3203: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3159: 3157: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3133: 3129: 3119: 3114: 3080:Italian fascism 3060:Hindu terrorism 3000:Ethnic violence 2995:Ethnic conflict 2985: 2976: 2946:, and negative 2932:Symbolic threat 2907: 2902: 2835:social networks 2796: 2741: 2701:Roman Catholics 2662:Matthew F. Hale 2589:Nation of Islam 2558:American Vision 2538: 2532: 2500:white supremacy 2466:Volksverhetzung 2450: 2444: 2396: 2390: 2374:anti-globalists 2366:white supremacy 2282: 2262:gender identity 2216: 2156: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2123: 1998:Polyculturalism 1894:Civil liberties 1866: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1835:Reappropriation 1735: 1734:Countermeasures 1727: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1652:Racial steering 1618:Numerus clausus 1522: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1237:Ethnic conflict 1172:Corrective rape 1127: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1115: 762: 751: 750: 749: 748: 747: 600: 590: 589: 588: 587: 586: 478:HIV/AIDS stigma 350: 342: 341: 340: 339: 338: 287:Mental disorder 229: 221: 220: 219: 218: 217: 190: 157: 156: 155: 154: 135: 134: 133: 125: 124: 115: 114: 113: 105: 104: 87: 76: 70: 67: 52: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8329: 8327: 8319: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8263: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8252: 8242: 8232: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8214: 8209: 8207:Reverse racism 8204: 8203: 8202: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8180:Racial figleaf 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8101: 8099: 8098:Related topics 8095: 8094: 8092: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8057:Middle Eastern 8054: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8042: 8032: 8031: 8030: 8020: 8015: 8014: 8013: 8008: 7998: 7997: 7996: 7991: 7990: 7989: 7979: 7978: 7977: 7972: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7955: 7940: 7934: 7932: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7924: 7923: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7902: 7901: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7880: 7879: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7853: 7852: 7851: 7849:United Kingdom 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7791: 7786: 7785: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7764: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7696: 7695: 7693: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7606: 7604: 7601:Manifestations 7598: 7597: 7595: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7479: 7478: 7471: 7464: 7456: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7443: 7433: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7340: 7339: 7337:Reverse racism 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7307:Prisoner abuse 7304: 7299: 7297:Power distance 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7263: 7262: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7215:Ethnic penalty 7212: 7211: 7210: 7208:Neurodiversity 7205: 7195: 7193:Dehumanization 7190: 7185: 7183:Cisnormativity 7180: 7175: 7170: 7164: 7162: 7161:Related topics 7158: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7083: 7082: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7041: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7019:State religion 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 7000: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6955:Nuremberg Laws 6952: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6897:Ghetto benches 6894: 6892:Gerrymandering 6889: 6884: 6879: 6877:Gender pay gap 6874: 6873: 6872: 6867: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6834: 6831:Discriminatory 6828: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6660:Lavender scare 6657: 6655:Kill Haole Day 6652: 6650:Indian rolling 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6615: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6536:Eliminationism 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6471:Cancel culture 6468: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6445: 6443: 6442:Manifestations 6439: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6338:Middle Eastern 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6172: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6073:Zoroastrianism 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6004: 6003: 6002: 6000:Untouchability 5997: 5987: 5982: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5934: 5932: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5826:Leprosy stigma 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5651: 5650: 5645: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5548: 5546: 5542: 5541: 5538:Discrimination 5536: 5534: 5533: 5526: 5519: 5511: 5502: 5501: 5495: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5468: 5453: 5448: 5440: 5416: 5412: 5411:External links 5409: 5408: 5407: 5370: 5344:(2): 113–131. 5334:Perry, Barbara 5330: 5308: 5297: 5275: 5274: 5265: 5252: 5243: 5228: 5206: 5203:on 2013-08-18. 5188: 5153: 5142:(8): 1553–81. 5126: 5099: 5080: 5051: 5005: 4987: 4952: 4909: 4882: 4867: 4849: 4840: 4805: 4791: 4782: 4770: 4748:Jacobs, Emma. 4740: 4723: 4689: 4673: 4654: 4649:Independent.ie 4636: 4615: 4601: 4574:God Hates Fags 4561: 4542: 4540:(documentary). 4529: 4527: 4526: 4506: 4480: 4455: 4434: 4414: 4393: 4372: 4331: 4325:978-1134377619 4324: 4298: 4268: 4225: 4218: 4198: 4191: 4171: 4156: 4118: 4111: 4069: 4014: 3980: 3946: 3908: 3890: 3866: 3840: 3814: 3786: 3758: 3749: 3736: 3709: 3696: 3657: 3639: 3613: 3601: 3576: 3551: 3522: 3503:(3): 193–218. 3487: 3464: 3452:New York Times 3438: 3413:. The Atlantic 3401: 3385: 3353: 3328: 3301: 3264: 3244: 3224: 3212: 3187: 3167: 3140: 3126: 3125: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3025:Fundamentalism 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2906: 2903: 2795: 2792: 2748:pickup artists 2740: 2737: 2731:as well as by 2531: 2528: 2446:Main article: 2443: 2440: 2389: 2386: 2300:(ADL) and the 2281: 2278: 2215: 2214: 2206: 2197: 2190: 2180: 2174: 2167: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2147: 2140: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2043:Reverse racism 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2013:Prisoner abuse 2010: 2005: 2003:Power distance 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1921:Ethnic penalty 1918: 1917: 1916: 1914:Neurodiversity 1911: 1901: 1899:Dehumanization 1896: 1891: 1889:Cisnormativity 1886: 1881: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1865:Related topics 1864: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1709:State religion 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1645:Nuremberg Laws 1642: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1587:Ghetto benches 1584: 1582:Gerrymandering 1579: 1574: 1569: 1567:Gender pay gap 1564: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1509: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1344:Lavender scare 1341: 1339:Kill Haole Day 1336: 1334:Indian rolling 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1294: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1222:Eliminationism 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1157:Cancel culture 1154: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1126:Manifestations 1125: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1016:Middle Eastern 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 982: 981: 971: 966: 961: 956: 955: 954: 949: 944: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 850: 849: 844: 839: 829: 824: 819: 818: 817: 812: 807: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 766: 765: 764: 763: 757: 756: 753: 752: 746: 745: 743:Zoroastrianism 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 719: 718: 708: 707: 706: 705: 704: 699: 694: 689: 674: 673: 672: 670:Untouchability 667: 657: 652: 651: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 620: 615: 610: 604: 603: 602: 601: 596: 595: 592: 591: 585: 584: 579: 574: 573: 572: 567: 562: 552: 551: 550: 545: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 488:Leprosy stigma 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 354: 353: 352: 351: 348: 347: 344: 343: 337: 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 305: 304: 299: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 233: 232: 231: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222: 216: 215: 210: 205: 200: 194: 193: 192: 191: 188: 187: 184: 183: 175: 174: 172:Discrimination 168: 167: 137: 136: 127: 126: 118: 117: 116: 107: 106: 98: 97: 96: 95: 94: 89: 88: 49:of the subject 47:worldwide view 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8328: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8276:Social groups 8274: 8272: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8251: 8243: 8241: 8233: 8231: 8223: 8222: 8219: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8201: 8198: 8197: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8088: 8085: 8084: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8077:Wine industry 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8029: 8026: 8025: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8003: 8002: 7999: 7995: 7992: 7988: 7985: 7984: 7983: 7980: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7963: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7950: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7929: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7907: 7906: 7905:South America 7903: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7893:United States 7891: 7889: 7886: 7885: 7884: 7883:North America 7881: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7857: 7854: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7796: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7768: 7765: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7732: 7731: 7728: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7670:Racialization 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7635:Ethnic hatred 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7599: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7552:Laissez-faire 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7537:Institutional 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7522:Environmental 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7477: 7472: 7470: 7465: 7463: 7458: 7457: 7454: 7442: 7434: 7432: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7414: 7411: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7391:Social stigma 7389: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7371: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7159: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7081: 7078: 7077: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7014:State atheism 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6950:Jim Crow laws 6948: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6935:One-drop rule 6933: 6931: 6929: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6850:Blood quantum 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6829: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6797:Victimisation 6795: 6793: 6792:Trans bashing 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6762:Religious war 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6742:Racialization 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6692: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6613:Glass ceiling 6611: 6607: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6556:Ethnic hatred 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6491:Counter-jihad 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6440: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6274:United States 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6138: 6137:United States 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6080: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6058:Protestantism 6056: 6054: 6051: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6008: 6005: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5973:LDS or Mormon 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5903:Transmisogyny 5901: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5806:Gerontophobia 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5736:Anti-intersex 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5711:Anti-albinism 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5552:Institutional 5550: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5532: 5527: 5525: 5520: 5518: 5513: 5512: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5376: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5329: 5328:0-19-531056-X 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5282: 5281: 5269: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5253: 5247: 5244: 5239: 5232: 5229: 5224: 5220: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5189: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5169:(4): 543–58. 5168: 5164: 5157: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5115:(3): 414–31. 5114: 5110: 5103: 5100: 5095: 5091: 5084: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5062: 5055: 5052: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5024:(4): 336–53. 5023: 5019: 5012: 5010: 5006: 5001: 4994: 4992: 4988: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4925:(4): 405–11. 4924: 4920: 4913: 4910: 4905: 4901: 4898:(2): 188–95. 4897: 4893: 4886: 4883: 4878: 4871: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4850: 4844: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4821:(2): 257–80. 4820: 4816: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4792: 4786: 4783: 4777: 4775: 4771: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4724: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4674: 4669: 4665: 4658: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4619: 4616: 4611: 4605: 4602: 4597: 4591: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4546: 4543: 4539: 4533: 4530: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4495: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4481: 4470:on 2010-03-05 4469: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4424: 4420: 4415: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4361: 4360:"Hate Map KS" 4357: 4356: 4345: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4327: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4311: 4302: 4299: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4272: 4269: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4202: 4199: 4194: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4175: 4172: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4122: 4119: 4114: 4112:9783110874419 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4015: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3984: 3981: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3935:on 2008-09-07 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3894: 3891: 3888:, pp. 165–66 3887: 3886:0-19-531056-X 3883: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3867: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3841: 3829: 3825: 3818: 3815: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3790: 3787: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3762: 3759: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3732: 3728: 3725:(4): 355–71. 3724: 3720: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3692: 3686: 3668: 3661: 3658: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3640: 3629:on 2016-03-07 3628: 3624: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3591:on 2012-02-24 3590: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3566:on 2012-02-24 3565: 3561: 3555: 3552: 3541:on 2013-07-31 3540: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3488: 3475: 3468: 3465: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3439: 3434: 3428: 3412: 3405: 3402: 3396: 3395:CQ Researcher 3389: 3386: 3374: 3370: 3369: 3364: 3357: 3354: 3343: 3339: 3332: 3329: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3302: 3287: 3283: 3282: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3213: 3202:on 2019-07-13 3201: 3197: 3191: 3188: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3156: 3155: 3150: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3123: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2933: 2929: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2904: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2888:Filter bubble 2884: 2882: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2754:and hardline 2753: 2749: 2745: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2725:United States 2722: 2721:homosexuality 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2671: 2670:Aryan Nations 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2578:conservatives 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2537: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2493: 2490:, discussing 2489: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2458:The Holocaust 2455: 2449: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2395: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2378:multicultural 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2097:Social stigma 2095: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1862: 1861: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1731: 1730: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1704:State atheism 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1640:Jim Crow laws 1638: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1625:One-drop rule 1623: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1540:Blood quantum 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1518: 1517: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1481:Victimisation 1479: 1477: 1476:Trans bashing 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1446:Religious war 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1426:Racialization 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1299:Glass ceiling 1297: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1242:Ethnic hatred 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1177:Counter-jihad 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1123: 1122: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 980: 977: 976: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 953: 952:United States 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 939: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 834: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 816: 815:United States 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 802: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 767: 761: 755: 754: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 728:Protestantism 726: 724: 721: 717: 714: 713: 712: 709: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 684: 683: 680: 679: 678: 675: 671: 668: 666: 663: 662: 661: 658: 656: 653: 649: 646: 644: 643:LDS or Mormon 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 625: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 599: 594: 593: 583: 580: 578: 575: 571: 568: 566: 565:Transmisogyny 563: 561: 558: 557: 556: 553: 549: 546: 544: 541: 540: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 468:Gerontophobia 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 398:Anti-intersex 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 373:Anti-albinism 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 355: 346: 345: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 303: 300: 298: 295: 294: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 234: 225: 224: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 198:Institutional 196: 195: 186: 185: 181: 177: 176: 173: 169: 165: 161: 160: 153: 149: 145: 141: 131: 122: 111: 102: 93: 85: 82: 74: 64: 60: 56: 50: 48: 41: 32: 31: 19: 8200:in Australia 8190:Racial quota 7834:Soviet Union 7777:Saudi Arabia 7718:South Africa 7664: 7645:Ethnic slurs 7640:Ethnic jokes 7542:Internalized 7225:Gender-blind 7112:Human rights 6940:Racial quota 6927: 6907:Jewish quota 6887:Gerontocracy 6882:Gender roles 6860:Disabilities 6845:Blood purity 6817:Wife selling 6807:White flight 6787:Slut-shaming 6767:Scapegoating 6685:Murder music 6629: 6358:Palestinians 6301:Anti-Zionism 6169:South Africa 6154:Black people 6132:South Africa 5953:Christianity 5943:Baháʼí Faith 5871:Sectarianism 5811:Heterosexism 5776:Ephebiphobia 5746:Anti-Masonry 5613:Hair texture 5503: 5471: 5456: 5443: 5422: 5397:cite journal 5389:the original 5382: 5375:Navarro, Joe 5341: 5337: 5319: 5311: 5300: 5293: 5279: 5278: 5268: 5260: 5255: 5246: 5237: 5231: 5222: 5218: 5201:the original 5191: 5166: 5162: 5156: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5112: 5108: 5102: 5093: 5089: 5083: 5060: 5054: 5021: 5017: 4999: 4968:(1): 81–96. 4965: 4961: 4955: 4922: 4918: 4912: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4870: 4852: 4843: 4818: 4814: 4808: 4801: 4794: 4785: 4761:. 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