271:, began in 2007. The goal of this program is to expand knowledge and understanding of the cave's sequence of use and the history of environmental changes and how humans had adapted to those changes. The CPP attempts to reconstruct the history of climate, environment, and human activity at Haua Fteah. The project plans on gaining insight to these areas through geomorphological, palaeoecological, and archaeological studies inside the cave and from the surrounding landscape. A few questions that the CPP aims to answer include, "When did anatomically modern humans first arrive on Africa's northern shores? How did they and earlier populations deal with the effects of profound and often abrupt climatic change? Was `behavioral modernity' critical to their successful colonization of North Africa? When, how, and why did farming develop in the Holocene?" as outlined by Cambridge University.
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The first and earliest phase had the flake and blade artifacts which date back to 80 to 65,000 years ago (80-65 kya). The second phase from 19 to 28 feet deep contained the
Levalloiso-Mousterian flints dated from 65 to 40 kya with current dating techniques suggest these finds are closely dated from 73 to 43 kya. At the depth of 23 feet a modern human mandible was discovered which date between 73 and 65 kya. Abundant evidence of the Levalloiso-Mousterian blade industry is found during the second stage of climatic change shows that there is no established tradition in blade making among these people during this time. There were small
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with the second and third molars attached. The wisdom tooth had emerged but was not exposed for long, indicating that this specimen was in young adulthood, suggested from eighteen to twenty-five, at death. The middle of the bone is well intact but the lateral portion is partially destroyed. From the
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Phase three, layers from 18 to 9 feet down contained 'Dabban' blades that are 40 to 15 kya. A Dabban is an early type of blade industry called a blade-and-burin industry. This type of blade is thought to be the oldest blade of the Upper
Paleolithic and is only found in Haua Fteah and another nearby
263:
Haua Fteah was first discovered in 1948 by
Charles McBurney. McBurney and his team excavated the site from 1950 to 1955. Excavations were not done after 1955 until the most recent excavation in 2007. Since McBurney's excavations, there had been much erosion in this cave and heavy sedimentary layers
239:
Haua Fteah is 50 metres (160 ft) high by 20 metres (66 ft) wide on the north entrance with an 80 metres (260 ft) span on the interior roofed portion of the cave. The horizontal stratigraphic layers are defined by the types of sediment contained in each layer and is supported by using
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The original carbon dates from McBurney's excavation were obtained from samples of wood charcoal and bone fragments. Many original samples from McBurney's excavation and material from the most recent excavations were evaluated and confirmed by using several recent dating techniques during the CPP.
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The investigation of this site was started in 1951 in a sounding trench on the western side of the cave, which was 10 x 10 x 2 meters deep. In 1952, the second sounding trench was excavated horizontally atop the first trench that was 7 x 6 x 5.5 meters deep. Finally a deep sounding trench that was
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North
African prehistory is often a subject of common debate in several areas including modern human dispersal, their adaptations to climate changes and agricultural developments. Haua Fteah lends tremendous information to such debates because of its continuous and long term occupation by humans.
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knife, trihedral pressure-flaked rods and drill heads. The presence of decorated ostrich eggs and pierced sea shells are also common in this phase. The piercing of these shells are thought to be for reasons of consumption and were carried out by small bladed tools.
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There are seven distinct cultural phases determined by McBurney from these excavated layers. Cultural remnants of this site in the uppermost layer include hearths with shallow depressions that were most likely used for cooking fires and midden deposits.
437:; Grün, Rainer; Farr, Lucy; Hunt, Chris; Inglis, Robyn H.; Reynolds, Tim; Albert, Paul; Aubert, Maxime; Cullen, Victoria; Hill, Evan; Kinsley, Leslie; Roberts, Richard G.; Tomlinson, Emma L.; Wulf, Sabine; Barker, Graeme (January 2014).
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In phase 4, the 8 to 7 feet layers, a midden exists that mainly contains mammal bones and teeth, large amounts of limpet and cockle shells and land snails. This phase was also characterized by Later Stone Age
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The term 'haua' describes a typical cave structure of the local coastal area, which has been formed in its present shape by erosion processes of the sea during the early stage of the
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Although there were some excavations started by McBurney and now continued by the CPP, there are still many more excavations needed to clarify and support the current findings.
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period the shoreline was six meters above the present sea level. The second major stage is that in which the sea level was twenty meters below current sea level.
2010:
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Phase six (from 5 to 4 feet down) contained
Neolithic pottery fragments and domesticated animal bones dated between 7 and 4.7 thousand years old.
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Mesolithic microlithic tools that are between 10 and 7 kya were mainly found in phase five (7 to 6 feet down) and there was presence of ceramics.
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and animal keeping was indicated. Hearths can be identified and some pottery fragments of local and Roman origin were found.
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Haua Fteah is 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from the coast and found near the northern side of the plateau at the base of the
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Hill, Hunt, Lucarini, Mutri, Farr, Barker, Evan, Chris, Giulio, Giuseppina, Lucy, Graeme (December 2015).
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3.8 X1.6 X 6.5 meters deep was excavated which gave the total excavation depth to be 14 meters deep.
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was found in August 1952. The fragments recovered were the left ascending ramus and a part of the
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630:"Land gastropod piercing during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene in the Haua Fteah, Libya"
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The seventh and most recent phase, from 4 to 0 feet down contained structures dating back to the
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but more recent research, as determined the mandible fragments, are from a fully modern human or
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The CPP extended these findings by recovering more tools similar to those mentioned by McBurney.
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technical measurements of this fragment, it was thought that this specimen is closely linked to
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The geological time scale at Haua Fteah shows major climatic changes that occurred during the
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A recent project called the
Cyrenaica Prehistory Project (CPP), run by Graeme Barker of
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From 2007 through 2013 there has been 7 completed excavation seasons by the CPP.
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Cave of
Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
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fragments are found as well as finished tools, flake-scrapers, arrow-heads, a
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223:(or Green Mountain). The entrance faces north towards the Mediterranean sea.
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439:"The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya)"
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Journal of the Royal
Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
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200:. Evidence of modern human presence in the cave date back to 200,000
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2011:
Rock art of the
Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
737:
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1344:
Caves and Ice Age Art in the
Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
327:
site. The origins of the Dabban is still unknown completely.
176:. This site has been of significance to research on African
303:, food and bone accumulations also found in this phase.
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264:had deposited over the original site as well.
184:prehistory because it was occupied during the
687:
494:"Haua Fteah, Libya — Division of Archaeology"
8:
661:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
19:
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3172:
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747:
734:
702:Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and
694:
680:
672:
637:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
18:
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3469:Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site
374:
654:
16:Cave and archaeological site in Libya.
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433:Douka, Katerina; Jacobs, Zenobia;
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14:
1857:Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica
1020:Vézère Valley World Heritage Site
815:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
251:. During the final stage of the
45:
38:
25:
1:
4809:Archaeological sites in Libya
335:tools dated to 14 to 10 kya.
649:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.09.003
609:www.archaeologywordsmith.com
456:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.10.001
306:The fragment from the human
290:Finds, artifacts and remains
2045:Other caves with decoration
1127:Other caves with decoration
1049:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
725:Caves containing pictograms
572:"The Haua Fteah fossil jaw"
570:McBurney, C. B. M. (1953).
361:Discussion and implications
160:
4830:
4814:Paleoanthropological sites
2029:Other World Heritage Sites
1116:Other World Heritage Sites
715:Paleoanthropological sites
443:Journal of Human Evolution
4765:
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3184:
3171:
2338:
2325:
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182:anatomically modern human
33:
24:
4693:Northern Mariana Islands
215:Location and environment
605:"Archaeology Wordsmith"
259:Discovered and research
227:Stratigraphy and layout
103:67 m (220 ft)
3217:Manyana Rock Paintings
1268:La Chapelle-aux-Saints
278:Account of excavations
253:Riss-Wurm interglacial
236:
3780:Actun Tunichil Muknal
234:
84:32.89972°N 22.05139°E
3354:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa
2294:Red Lady of Paviland
1186:Mayrières supérieure
168:cave located in the
4169:Colorado Millennial
2807:Shiraho Saonetabaru
1611:Bukuroshja e Fjetur
80: /
21:
3987:Dominican Republic
3748:Cueva de las Manos
2644:Huto and Kamarband
2054:Barranc del Migdia
1940:Caves in Cantabria
1364:Hohlenstein-Stadel
1171:Grotte de Gabillou
1156:La Chaire a Calvin
498:www.arch.cam.ac.uk
242:radiocarbon dating
237:
89:32.89972; 22.05139
4791:
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4761:
4760:
4757:
4756:
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3904:Piedras del Tunjo
3836:Toca da Tira Peia
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3714:
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1957:Hornos de la Peña
190:Upper Paleolithic
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139:
138:
54:Location in Libya
4821:
4710:Papua New Guinea
4410:
4397:
4349:Stanfield-Worley
4324:Rockhouse Cliffs
3738:
3721:
3589:Howieson's Poort
3286:Enkapune Ya Muto
3186:
3173:
2639:Eshkaft-e Siahoo
2340:
2327:
2094:Peñas de Cabrera
1394:Kleine Feldhofer
1354:Geissenklösterle
1206:Roc-aux-Sorciers
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172:in northeastern
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130:Charles McBurney
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4520:Mackintosh 90/1
4440:Beginner's Luck
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4199:Dutchess Quarry
4139:Arnold Research
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3790:Midnight Terror
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3369:Kelif el Boroud
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2074:los Murciélagos
2022:Roca dels Moros
1918:
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1801:Chertovy Vorota
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1653:North Macedonia
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1095:Abri du Poisson
1060:Les Combarelles
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833:Trou de l'Abîme
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435:Lane, Christine
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235:Haua Fteah cave
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4817:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4804:Caves of Libya
4796:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4697:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4435:Beeton Shelter
4432:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4107:T'uqu T'uquyuq
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3734:
3733:
3724:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3609:Pinnacle Point
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3411:The White Lady
3408:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2932:Khoit Tsenkher
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2244:Creswell Crags
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2224:Aveline's Hole
2220:
2218:
2217:United Kingdom
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2166:Santa Catalina
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1961:Monte Castillo
1958:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1842:Hadži-Prodan's
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1079:Laugerie-Haute
1077:
1075:Laugerie-Basse
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1056:Abri Chadourne
1054:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1000:
998:
994:
993:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
959:
957:
956:Czech Republic
953:
952:
950:
949:
943:
941:
937:
936:
934:
933:
928:
926:Romuald's Cave
923:
918:
913:
908:
902:
900:
896:
895:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
864:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:
845:
843:
839:
838:
836:
835:
830:
825:
820:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
794:
790:
788:
784:
783:
781:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
754:
752:
744:
743:
738:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
720:Cave paintings
717:
711:
708:
707:
704:cave paintings
701:
699:
698:
691:
684:
676:
669:
668:
620:
591:
509:
470:
373:
371:
368:
362:
359:
291:
288:
279:
276:
260:
257:
228:
225:
216:
213:
178:archaeological
137:
136:
127:
126:Archaeologists
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
64:
60:
59:
53:
44:
43:
37:
36:
35:
34:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4826:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4778:Cave painting
4776:
4774:
4773:List of caves
4771:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4654:New Caledonia
4651:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4560:New Guinea II
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4535:Mannalargenna
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:On Your Knees
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4229:Hidden Valley
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:United States
4130:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4051:Guilá Naquitz
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4036:Dzibilchaltún
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Pedra Pintada
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3730:South America
3727:
3722:
3718:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
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3607:
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3600:
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3594:Klasies River
3592:
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3587:
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3569:Byneskranskop
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3359:Ifri Oudadane
3357:
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3328:Uan Muhuggiag
3326:
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3034:Batadombalena
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2890:Ras Baalbek I
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2726:Nahal Me'arot
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2309:Windmill Hill
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2254:Heathery Burn
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2012:
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2005:
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1989:Tito Bustillo
1987:
1982:
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1970:Las Chimeneas
1969:
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1744:Pego do Diabo
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1535:Arene Candide
1533:
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1422:Devil's Tower
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1207:
1204:
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1199:
1197:
1196:Pair-non-Pair
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:Le Mas-d'Azil
1179:
1177:
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1169:
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1131:Arcy-sur-Cure
1129:
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1125:
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1119:
1117:
1114:
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1110:
1107:
1105:
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1076:
1073:
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1070:Font-de-Gaume
1068:
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1063:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1050:
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1038:Abri Castanet
1037:
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1035:Castel Merle
1034:
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1023:
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328:
324:
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296:
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214:
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210:
205:
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199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:) is a large
162:
156:
147:
143:
135:
134:Graeme Barker
131:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
106:
102:
98:
93:
65:
61:
41:
32:
28:
23:
4585:Wargata Mina
4545:Murrawijinie
4480:Eagles Reach
4475:Devil's Lair
4379:Wilson Butte
4164:Cherry Creek
4154:Bull Thistle
3899:Chiribiquete
3857:Charlie Lake
3785:Barton Creek
3599:Melkhoutboom
3539:Sterkfontein
3529:Plovers Lake
3462:South Africa
3364:Jebel Irhoud
3349:Ifri N'Ammar
3322:
3084:Turkmenistan
3049:Hunugalagala
2833:Iraq ed-Dubb
2598:Jeriji Saléh
2259:High Pasture
1816:Shulgan-Tash
1739:Pedra Furada
1560:
1399:Lichtenstein
1389:Brillenhöhle
1318:Le Regourdou
1278:La Ferrassie
1273:Combe Grenal
1216:Trois Frères
1151:Fontéchevade
1104:La Madeleine
758:Drachenhöhle
657:cite journal
640:
636:
623:
612:. Retrieved
608:
584:November 25,
582:. Retrieved
578:
501:. Retrieved
497:
446:
442:
364:
352:
340:
337:
329:
325:
321:Homo sapiens
317:Neanderthals
305:
297:
293:
285:
281:
273:
266:
262:
246:
244:techniques.
238:
221:Jebel Akhdar
218:
206:
180:history and
141:
140:
4671:New Zealand
4495:Gwion Gwion
4364:Trail Creek
4289:Meadowcroft
4249:Last Supper
4179:Daugherty's
4041:Las Flechas
3826:Rei do Mato
3550:Other caves
3534:Rising Star
3509:Makapansgat
3474:Bolt's Farm
3291:Njoro River
3134:Teshik-Tash
3129:Obi-Rakhmat
3113:Yarımburgaz
3013:Lapuz Lapuz
2991:Philippines
2900:Nachcharini
2895:Ras El Kelb
2854:Tam Pa Ling
2849:Tham An Mah
2731:Nahal Hemar
2479:Zhoukoudian
2454:Guanyindong
2428:Laang Spean
2350:Darra-e Kur
2343:Afghanistan
2289:Portbraddon
2279:Marble Arch
2192:Wildkirchli
2180:Switzerland
2116:Other caves
2089:Ojo Guareña
2069:Maltravieso
2064:Los Casares
2039:Siega Verde
2004:Los Aviones
1999:Santimamiñe
1973:Las Monedas
1966:El Castillo
1873:Čertova pec
1821:Mezmaiskaya
1729:Lagar Velho
1661:Cocev Kamen
1540:Balzi Rossi
1380:Other caves
1369:Sirgenstein
1298:Le Moustier
1288:Fontbrégoua
1248:Bonne-Femme
1228:Other caves
947:Aetokremnos
890:Utroba Cave
796:Claminforge
793:Belle-Roche
643:: 320–325.
333:microlithic
249:Pleistocene
209:Pleistocene
161:Hawā Fṭiyaḥ
87: /
63:Coordinates
4798:Categories
4783:Speleology
4600:Wellington
4555:Naracoorte
4540:Mudgegonga
4525:Madjedbebe
4490:Gabarnmung
4430:Ballawinne
4420:Abrakurrie
4319:Pictograph
4097:Qillqatani
4092:Pikimachay
4087:Guitarrero
4082:Chivateros
4061:Oxtotitlán
3914:Tequendama
3624:Wonderwerk
3604:Nelson Bay
3584:Elands Bay
3544:Swartkrans
3489:Gladysvale
3436:Somaliland
3383:Mozambique
3323:Haua Fteah
3122:Uzbekistan
2787:Minatogawa
2782:Kosegasawa
2736:Nahal Oren
2680:Hazar Merd
2649:Qaleh Bozi
2634:Do-Ashkaft
2531:Satsurblia
2498:East Timor
2375:Azerbaijan
2264:Kendrick's
2229:Bontnewydd
2151:Don Gaspar
2104:Praileaitz
2059:Las Caldas
1977:La Pasiega
1904:Divje Babe
1826:Okladnikov
1811:Ignatievka
1734:Pala Pinta
1643:Għar Dalam
1620:Luxembourg
1595:St Brelade
1577:Villabruna
1488:Stravomyti
1478:Megalakkos
1463:Eileithyia
1448:Alepotrypa
1359:Hohle Fels
1245:Balauzière
1201:Pech Merle
1109:Rouffignac
1083:La Micoque
1065:Cro-Magnon
1024:Bara Bahau
968:Býčí skála
916:Vela Spila
875:Devetashka
870:Bacho Kiro
614:2015-12-14
503:2015-12-08
370:References
194:Mesolithic
142:Haua Fteah
121:Site notes
116:karst cave
75:22°03′05″E
72:32°53′59″N
20:Haua Fteah
4749:Nanumanga
4733:Falemauga
4644:Makauwahi
4413:Australia
4369:Trinchera
4244:La Grange
4214:Gatecliff
4209:Franktown
4204:Fort Rock
4184:Dry Creek
4102:Toquepala
4066:Sac Actun
4056:Ox Bel Ha
4046:Frightful
4031:Coxcatlan
4010:Long Mile
3764:Quadiriki
3741:Argentina
3579:Diepkloof
3564:Boomplaas
3519:Minnaar's
3504:Kromdraai
3453:Laas Geel
3448:Dhaymoole
3443:Dhambalin
3406:Apollo 11
3307:Liphofung
3233:Shum Laka
3196:Gueldaman
3150:Con Moong
3027:Sri Lanka
2974:Palestine
2948:Padah-Lin
2885:Ksar Akil
2817:Yamashita
2802:Pinza-Abu
2608:Pettakere
2603:Liang Bua
2586:Indonesia
2572:Pahargarh
2557:Bhimbetka
2515:Lene Hara
2505:Jerimalai
2484:Zengpiyan
2474:Yuchanyan
2274:Long Hole
2171:del Valle
2146:dels Bous
2099:la Pileta
2034:Atapuerca
1949:Covalanas
1847:Pešturina
1775:Muierilor
1765:Coliboaia
1677:Svarthola
1493:Theopetra
1483:Petralona
1468:Franchthi
1458:Asphendou
1414:Gibraltar
1384:Baumann's
1374:Vogelherd
1349:Bockstein
1328:Vallonnet
1323:Rochereil
1313:Raymonden
1303:Noisetier
1255:Bruniquel
1176:Marsoulas
1166:Lombrives
1161:La Marche
1087:La Mouthe
1053:Abri Audi
1031:Cap Blanc
973:Koněprusy
963:Amatérská
931:Veternica
880:Kozarnika
854:Ledenjača
778:Tischofer
768:Lurgrotte
449:: 39–63.
355:Roman era
269:Cambridge
198:Neolithic
170:Cyrenaica
155:romanized
4590:Warratyi
4575:Tarragal
4565:Nunamira
4550:Murujuga
4515:Kutikina
4510:Koonalda
4505:Koongine
4465:Cliefden
4460:Cave Bay
4359:Tomaquag
4344:Sisyphus
4274:Mantle's
4264:Lovelock
4259:LoDaisKa
4239:Humboldt
4123:Werehpai
4116:Suriname
4026:Chan Hol
3945:Centella
3935:Ambrosio
3887:Colombia
3852:Bluefish
3696:Zimbabwe
3633:Tanzania
3619:Stadsaal
3524:Motsetsi
3494:Gondolin
3484:Drimolen
3479:Cooper's
3374:Taforalt
3344:Hercules
3270:Swimmers
3242:DR Congo
3226:Cameroon
3205:Botswana
3075:Tham Lod
3065:Pha Taem
3058:Thailand
3039:Belilena
2957:Pakistan
2925:Mongolia
2909:Malaysia
2870:Antelias
2812:Tobayama
2766:Zuttiyeh
2685:Shanidar
2547:Ambadevi
2464:Tianyuan
2444:Baishiya
2421:Cambodia
2161:El Mirón
2156:Guanches
2131:Armintxe
2049:Bacinete
1994:Altxerri
1983:El Pendo
1953:La Garma
1935:Altamira
1892:Slovenia
1883:Jasovská
1866:Slovakia
1852:Risovača
1806:Denisova
1770:Cuciulat
1724:Furninha
1719:Escoural
1707:Portugal
1698:Paradise
1693:Obłazowa
1627:Loschbur
1567:Paglicci
1550:Corbeddu
1432:Vanguard
1427:Gorham's
1308:La Quina
1251:Bouillon
1238:Aurignac
1042:Reverdit
1027:Bernifal
906:Grapčeva
863:Bulgaria
823:Scladina
810:Naulette
773:Salzofen
465:24331954
347:bifacial
308:mandible
196:and the
150:هوا فطيح
113:Material
100:Altitude
4701:Chugai'
4683:Ruakuri
4618:Gadao's
4595:Warreen
4530:Mammoth
4500:Jenolan
4445:Blanche
4425:Acheron
4402:Oceania
4374:Ventana
4354:Tainter
4329:Russell
4314:Pendejo
4309:Paisley
4269:Mammoth
4189:Durango
4149:Bonfire
4003:Jamaica
3970:Curaçao
3909:Sáchica
3894:El Abra
3878:Milodón
3821:Peruaçu
3811:Maquiné
3703:Bambata
3682:Kalemba
3554:Blombos
3499:Haasgat
3420:Nigeria
3399:Namibia
3337:Morocco
3300:Lesotho
3212:Tsodilo
3189:Algeria
3143:Vietnam
3103:Belbaşı
3089:Dzhebel
3044:Fa Hien
3003:Kalanay
2964:Sanghao
2941:Myanmar
2880:Kaukaba
2863:Lebanon
2751:Raqefet
2721:Misliya
2706:HaYonim
2654:Warwasi
2629:Darband
2624:Bisitun
2593:Harimau
2567:Gudiyam
2562:Edakkal
2524:Georgia
2469:Xianren
2397:Damjili
2392:Buzeyir
2366:Areni-1
2359:Armenia
2284:Oldbury
2249:Gough's
2234:Cathole
2208:Verteba
2201:Ukraine
1758:Romania
1749:Salemas
1714:Aroeira
1545:Cavallo
1530:Addaura
1509:Baradla
1502:Hungary
1453:Apidima
1337:Germany
1293:Lazaret
1221:Villars
1141:Cosquer
1121:Chauvet
1099:Lascaux
997:Finland
921:Vindija
911:Krapina
899:Croatia
819:Ramioul
787:Belgium
763:Gudenus
751:Austria
301:hearths
166:karstic
157::
108:History
4742:Tuvalu
4678:Moncks
4662:Pindai
4637:Hawaii
4628:Talagi
4623:Mahlac
4485:Fossil
4470:Cloggs
4455:Burrup
4334:Sandia
4279:Marmes
4224:Hidden
4219:Graham
4174:Danger
4159:Burnet
4019:Mexico
3994:Pomier
3955:Patana
3940:Calero
3919:Tibitó
3845:Canada
3806:Gentio
3799:Brazil
3773:Belize
3687:Mumbwa
3675:Zambia
3659:Uganda
3640:Kondoa
3614:Sibudu
3559:Border
3514:Malapa
3390:Ngalue
3265:Beasts
3249:Matupi
3178:Africa
3108:Karain
3096:Turkey
3070:Spirit
3008:Minori
2998:Callao
2982:Shuqba
2826:Jordan
2797:Ōzakai
2792:Muroya
2741:Qafzeh
2711:Kebara
2694:Israel
2664:Yafteh
2659:Wezmeh
2489:Zhiren
2402:Tağlar
2304:Thor's
2239:Coygan
2187:Bichon
2141:Bedmar
2109:Sidrón
1945:Chufín
1878:Domica
1835:Serbia
1789:Russia
1686:Poland
1670:Norway
1604:Kosovo
1587:Jersey
1572:Romito
1514:Szelim
1473:Kleidi
1441:Greece
1146:Cussac
1136:Gargas
1091:Pataud
1013:France
983:Mladeč
940:Cyprus
885:Magura
849:Badanj
842:Bosnia
740:Europe
463:
192:, the
186:Middle
146:Arabic
4726:Samoa
4580:Ubirr
4570:ORS 7
4339:Shoup
4299:Mummy
4294:Modoc
4284:Martz
4234:Hogup
4144:Baker
3960:Pluma
3866:Chile
3831:Santo
3757:Aruba
3726:North
3666:Nyero
3650:Mumba
3574:Cango
3316:Libya
3279:Kenya
3258:Egypt
3155:Ngườm
3018:Tabon
2875:Jeita
2775:Japan
2761:Tabun
2756:Skhul
2746:Qesem
2716:Manot
2577:Tikla
2552:Belum
2540:India
2510:Laili
2459:Luobi
2449:Fuyan
2437:China
2412:Gazma
2387:Azykh
2382:Allar
2269:Kents
2136:Axlor
2126:Antón
2121:Ángel
2079:Nerja
2017:Araña
1923:Spain
1914:Potok
1909:Pekel
1899:Betal
1636:Malta
1561:Felci
1523:Italy
1404:Ofnet
1264:Cauna
1260:Calès
1233:Arago
1211:Renne
1191:Niaux
988:Šipka
978:Kůlna
805:Goyet
800:Engis
633:(PDF)
575:(PDF)
343:Flint
174:Libya
4769:Cave
4717:Kilu
4610:Guam
4450:Bone
4254:Levi
4194:Dust
4075:Peru
3978:Hato
3950:Cura
3928:Cuba
3873:Fell
3728:and
3645:Bahi
2916:Niah
2842:Laos
2701:Amud
2673:Iraq
2617:Iran
2332:Asia
2299:Sand
2084:Niño
1780:Oase
1555:Deer
1283:Fées
1004:Wolf
663:link
586:2015
461:PMID
188:and
3427:Rop
2407:Zar
1242:Azé
828:Spy
645:doi
451:doi
4800::
659:}}
655:{{
639:.
635:.
607:.
594:^
577:.
512:^
496:.
473:^
459:.
447:66
445:.
441:.
377:^
323:.
211:.
204:.
202:BP
152:,
148::
132:,
2013:)
695:e
688:t
681:v
665:)
651:.
647::
641:4
617:.
588:.
506:.
467:.
453::
144:(
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