279:, "Armenian Woman"). This time, the difference in her attitude is that not only women but both genders should be involved in the publishing of the periodical. She left her idea of separating men and women. She never gave up independence saying "if the Armenian Woman magazine will live under a flag, this can only be a womanhood flag."
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Mark opposed "women becoming male in the name of emancipation". She said that "women must work and achieve their economic freedom", adding "in doing this, there is no need to be prepared to be rude, to destroy". According to her "love is in the mind". She pointed out that "the education system is
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In 1909, the couple returned to
Constantinople. Mark became the head of the Literary Commission of the recently-founded "Nationalist Armenian Women's Union". She got ready to open up Armenian schools in the province and to provide education of girls. As a result of these efforts, the number of
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Her periodical continued to appear 13 years until 1932, when it was closed down by the
Turkish government. It is noted that the paper was forced to close down because it was accused of supporting the "enemies of the Turks" for its support of the Allies during the post-World War I years.
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prepared from a male perspective", and stated that "involvement of women in the curriculum preparation stage is imperative". Mark said that "men and women are different and equal", adding "women must claim their differences for themselves and for humanity".
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used feminine pen names. Having been aware of the feminist movements in France, she wanted the magazine to be published only by women and for women. In the meantime, she married Vahan
Toshigyan, editorial director of the periodical
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Hayganuş Mark died at the age of 81 at
Yedikule Armenian Hospital in 1966. At the deathbed, she said to a friend "Write! Always write for the homeland, nation and humanity and be happy with them!".
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lessons for five years from linguist Hagop Kurken, whose attention she had attracted during her final grade in the high school. She then served as an assistant teacher at the orphanage of the
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In 1923, Muhittin Üstündağ, a deputy of
Istanbul, said in a seminar of the "Turkish Women's Union" that "there is no
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Partial
Transcription of the c. 1907 Population Register of the Armenian Apostolic Patriarchate of Constantinople
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Partial
Transcription of the c. 1907 Population Register of the Armenian Apostolic Patriarchate of Constantinople
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because women are not enlisted". While nobody responded to that, Mark sharply criticized it in the daily
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1269). She adopted the family name "Mark", the short form of "Markar," following the enactment of the
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145:; 1884–1966) was an Armenian feminist writer, poet, opinion journalist, prosai and public figure.
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364:"Armenian Women's Writing in the Ottoman Empire, Late 19th to Early 20th Centuries"
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periodical. Because of this article, she received job offers from periodicals like
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in 1884. Her father was Markar
Topuzyan, a servant-broker (սպասաւորի միջնորդ) from
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In 1905, Mark started to edit the
Constantinople-based women’s Armenian magazine
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in
Istanbul. On her headstone, the title of her magazine "Hay Gin" is written.
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1266), and her mother was Yebrakse, born in Constantinople in 1853 or 1854 (
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Recovering Armenia : the limits of belonging in post-genocide Turkey
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248:. There, she wrote on women's issues at local magazines such as
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In 1919, she started to publish the bi-weekly feminist magazine
393:"Ermenistan ve Türkiye için Alternatif Tarih Eğitimi Modülleri"
336:"Feminist Armenian women commemorated in the parliament"
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521:. Stanford University Press. p. 17.
398:(in Turkish). Tarih Vakfı. Archived from
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494:(in Turkish). Bianet. Archived from
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614:Burials at Şişli Armenian Cemetery
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589:Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
182:Esayan Elementary and High School
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446:Sayat Tekir and Daniel Ohanian,
423:Sayat Tekir and Daniel Ohanian,
492:"Ermeni Feminist Hayganuş Mark"
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624:20th-century Armenian writers
579:Armenian-language women poets
594:19th-century Armenian people
69:1966 (aged 81–82)
609:20th-century Armenian poets
517:Ekmekcioglu, Lerna (2016).
16:Armenian writer (1884-1966)
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604:20th-century women writers
190:Yedikule Armenian Hospital
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619:20th-century journalists
93:writer, journalist, poet
584:Armenian-language poets
316:Şişli Armenian Cemetery
83:Şişli Armenian Cemetery
574:Armenian women writers
165:born in 1850 or 1851 (
559:Writers from Istanbul
314:She is buried at the
569:Armenian journalists
366:. EVN. 12 March 2019
260:Armenian schools in
177:in Turkey in 1934.
564:Armenian feminists
457:2020-02-06 at the
434:2020-02-06 at the
405:on 27 January 2021
264:increased to 32.
186:Armenian language
180:She attended the
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344:. 3 August 2017
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554:1966 deaths
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184:. She took
175:Surname Law
38:Native name
543:Categories
322:References
214:Hanrakidag
149:Early life
90:Occupation
85:, Istanbul
218:Püzantion
502:26 April
455:Archived
432:Archived
409:26 April
370:26 April
348:26 April
298:Feminism
273:Armenian
262:Anatolia
250:Arşaluys
155:Armenian
139:Armenian
114:Feminism
102:Armenian
98:Language
74:, Turkey
72:Istanbul
277:Հայ Կին
269:Hay Gin
254:Arevelk
237:Dzaghig
233:Dzaghig
222:Panaser
108:Subject
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246:Smyrna
196:Career
125:Spouse
403:(PDF)
396:(PDF)
307:Death
226:Masis
210:Pürag
204:, an
523:ISBN
504:2020
411:2020
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350:2020
341:Agos
220:and
66:Died
53:1884
48:Born
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153:Of
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