953:
Pashtoons, who claim to have migrated to the Hazara
Division from Afghanistan during the eighteenth century. Many other mother- tongue speakers of Hindko are Swati Pathans, who are said to have formerly spoken Pashto while living in the lower Swat valley. After migrating across the Indus River into Hazara Division, which Ahmed dates around A.D. 1515, the Swatis adopted the Hindko language. There are also Pashtoons belonging to three other groups, the Yusufzai, the Jadun and the Tarin, who have replaced Pashto with Hindko. Many speakers of Hindko belong to groups other than the Pashtoons: Some of these are Saiyids, said to have come to the area in the early centuries of Islamic history, many of whom live in the Peshawar area. Large numbers of Hindko speakers are Avans, particularly in Attock District and Hazara Division. Still, others belong to groups of Mughals, Bulghadris, Turks and Qureshis. In Jammun significant numbers of Gujars have adopted Hindko as their first language.
1135:– has been inhabited constantly since at least 539 BCE. People here mostly speak Hindko, which, after Pashto is the region's most widely spoken language -- a language that also attests to the city's Indo-Aryan origin. Hindko-speakers from the inner city have supplied some of Bollywood's most celebrated screen talent. Dilip Kumar, Raj Kapoor, and Vinod Khanna were all born here. The whole Kapoor family, which has a long history in Bollywood cinema, traces its origins to the inner city. Peshawar also gave India one of its greatest English language novelists in Mulk Raj Anand.
33:
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region, and potentially from groups who did not adopt Islam as the religion became regionally dominant between the 9th and 13th centuries. The second stream derive from the short-lived Sikh Empire (1799–1849) as it pushed westward, gaining control of territory to the Khyber Pass and Sikh merchants established trading routes into
Kandahar and Kabul. This group speak Hindko, a dialect of Punjabi that is mostly found around Peshawar, in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in north-west Pakistan.
997:
operational in the country: one in Kabul, and another in
Jalalabad. A decade ago the numbers were placed at around 3000 adherents. Yet before the Taliban's ascendance in the mid-1990s, there was a thriving community of around 50,000 people. Documents sighted by Professor Harjot Oberoi of the University of British Columbia indicated that in the 1940s the Sikh community was potentially as large as 200,000.
414:
1278:...is in the hands of a small caste of Hindu merchants. These Hindus are Hindko-speaking and regard Kalat as their homeland, where they generally keep their families and go for some months every year to visit and to obtain supplies. While in the Marri area, they must be under the protection of a local Marri chief or the sardar himself.
1261:...is in the hands of a small caste of Hindu merchants. These Hindus are Hindko-speaking and regard Kalat as their homeland, where they generally keep their families and go for some months every year to visit and to obtain supplies. While in the Marri area, they must be under the protection of a local Marri chief or the Sardar himself.
400:
Kashmiri. In the cities of Kohat and
Peshawar, on the other hand, it is Hindko that is in a weaker position. With the exodus of the Hindko-speaking Hindus and Sikhs after partition and the consequent influx of Pashtuns into the vacated areas of the urban economy, there have been signs of a shift towards Pashto.
1167:
Instead they are exchanging anecdotes and ideas in their native Hindko—literally, "the language of India" – at a conference organized to promote the increasingly marginalised language. It is one of 72 tongues, including the official languages Urdu and
English, spoken by Pakistan's 200 million people,
1051:
The next principal races inhabiting
Afghanistan are the Hindki and Jat. The Hindki people are Hindus of the Kshatrī, or military caste. They are wholly occupied in trade, and form an important and numerous portion of the population of all cities and towns, and are also to be found in the majority of
399:
and number of speakers, Hindko is dominant and growing in the north-east; in Hazara for example, it is displacing Pashto as the language in use among the few Swatis that speak it, and in the Neelam Valley of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, it is gaining ground at the expense of the minority languages like
1597:
Shackle suggests Hindko simply means "Indian language" and describes it as a "collective label for the variety of Indo-Aryan dialects either alongside or in the vicinity of Pushto in the northwest of the country". Hindko is the most significant linguistic minority in the NWFP, represented in nearly
952:
Members of a variety of ethnic groups speak the language called Hindko. A large number of Hindko speakers in Hazara
Division (Mansehra and Abbottabad Districts) are Pashtoons. Some of those speak Hindko as a second language; many others speak it as their mother tongue. These include the Tahir Kheli
859:
The worst of the latter is "Hindko", a term (basically meaning 'the language of the
Indians' – as contrasted with Pathans) applied not only to several forms of "Northern Lahnda" but also to the Siraiki dialects of Dera Ghazi Khan and Mianwali Districts (also called Derawali and Thali respectively),
1392:
The India of the ancient times extended from the
Hindukush (Hindu meaning Indian, Kush meaning Koh or a mountain)... Apart from the names of places and streams there are many other words also which have 'Hind' as their adjectival parts. ... Hindko (the language of Peshawar and Abbotabad), Hindwana
974:
The origin of the Sikh community in
Afghanistan has broadly two streams. There are those who are descendants of converts to the teaching of Guru Nanak –Sikhism's founder – during his trip to Kabul, recorded to be around 1520. These Sikhs are Pashto or Dari speakers, ethnically indigenous to the
886:
Shackle suggests Hindko simply means "Indian language' and describes it as a "collective label for the variety of Indo-Aryan dialects either alongside or in vicinity of Pushto in the northwest of the country'. Hindko is the most significant linguistic minority in the NWFP, represented in nearly
780:
The term Hindki is often used to refer to a speaker of the Hindko language (Shackle 1980: 482), but in popular usage it may refer to the language as well. In older literature it was frequently used for the language--for example, in the Imperial Gazetteer of NWFP, which regularly calls it Hindki
996:
The attack highlighted the current precarious state of the Sikh community in Afghanistan, with dwindling numbers that may soon end the religion's 500-year presence in the country. Current estimates put the Sikh community at around 300 families, with only two gurdwaras (Sikh temples) remaining
1598:
one-fifth (18.7%) of the province's total households. ... The Influence of Pushto on Hazara appears to have become more pronounced, due in part to an influx of Pashtuns replacing the Hindko-speaking Sikhs and Hindus who formerly held key trading positions and who departed at independence.
887:
one-fifth (18.7%) of the province's total households. ... The Influence of Pushto on Hazara appears to have become more pronounced, due in part to an Influx of Pashtuns replacing the Hindko-speaking Sikhs and Hindus who formerly held key trading positions and who departed at independence.
1168:
according to a 2014 parliamentary paper that classed 10 as either "in trouble" or "near extinction". According to scholars, Hindko's decline as the foremost language of Peshawar city began in 1947 when Hindu and Sikh traders left after the partition of British India.
1243:
The real opposition to Pashto came, however, from the speakers of Hindko. A large number of Sikhs and Hindus, all speaking Hindko, lived in the cities of N.W.F.P. and had a voice in the legislative assembly, this was often perceived as the non-Muslim opposition to
1221:
The real opposition to Pashto came, however, from the speakers of Hindko. A large number of Sikhs and Hindus, all speaking Hindko, lived in the cities of N.W.F.P. and had a voice in the legislative assembly, this was often perceived as the non-Muslim opposition to
395:. In most Hindko-speaking areas, speakers of Pashto live in the same or neighboring communities (although this is less true in Abbottabad and Kaghan Valley). The relationship between Hindko and its neighbors is not one of stable bilingualism. In terms of
761:
as used in Pakistan refers to speakers of Indo-Aryan languages who live among the primarily Iranian Pashtuns of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP). The origins of the term refer merely to "Indian speaking" rather than to any particular ethnic
1089:
In India, Hindko is little known, and while there are Hindko speakers in parts of Jammu and Kashmir as well as among other communities who migrated to India post-Partition, by and large it has been absorbed under the broad umbrella of
1203:
Essentially, what has occurred is an occupation by Pashto-speaking Pathans of key areas in the urban economy of the province which before 1947 were traditionally exercised by Hindko- speaking Hindus and
1185:
Essentially, what has occurred is an occupation by Pashto-speaking Pathans of key areas in the urban economy of the province which before 1947 were traditionally exercised by Hindko- speaking Hindus and
1350:
1068:
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332:. A portion of Hindko speakers in the Hazara Division claim Pashtun ancestry. Some of those speak Hindko as their mother tongue while others as a second language. These include the
125:. A portion of Hindko speakers in the Hazara Division claim Pashtun ancestry. Some of those speak Hindko as their mother tongue while others as a second language. These include the
2274:
828:
Hindki, a generic term, half contemptuous, applied to all Muhammadans, who being of Hindu origin speak Hindko and have been converted to Islám in comparatively recent times.
250:(Western Punjabi) dialects of very different groups, not all of which are even geographically contiguous, spoken by people of various ethnic backgrounds in several areas in
1371:
Also, scholars post-Grierson understood Hindko to mean the "language of the people of Hind, i.e. India" and not the Hindus, which was a term used for a religious community.
716:
Also, scholars post-Grierson understood Hindko to mean the "language of the people of Hind, i.e. India" and not the Hindus, which was a term used for a religious community.
196:, and the total population of Sikhs, Hindko-speaking or not, was estimated at 300 families (as of 2018). These Hindko-speaking Hindus and Sikhs are commonly known as
1993:
1305:
is a "collective label" which "embraces dialects of very different groups, not all of which are even geographically contiguous.". For the ethnic diversity, see
2133:. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics.
1015:
105:
There is no generic name for the speakers of Hindko because they belong to diverse ethnic groups and tend to identify themselves by the larger families or
298:
2127:
Rensch, Calvin R. (1992). "The Language Environment of Hindko-Speaking People". In O'Leary, Clare F.; Rensch, Calvin R.; Hallberg, Calinda E. (eds.).
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Peshawar, the oldest living city in South Asia, has developed in four phases that correspond to the city's major settlements. The inner city –
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is often used to refer to a speaker of the Hindko language (Shackle 1980: 482), but in popular usage it may refer to the language as well.
266:", but it has developed to denote the Indo-Aryan speech forms spoken in the northern Indian subcontinent, in contrast to the neighbouring
216:
2260:
2204:(1983). "Language, Dialect and Local Identity in Northern Pakistan". In Wolfgang-Peter Zingel; Stephanie Zingel-Avé Lallemant (eds.).
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A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province: Based on the Census Report for the Punjab, 1883
2016:
1901:
1947:
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1393:(water-melon), Indi maran (a wrestling skill), Hindvi (language other than Persian and Arabic spoken or written by locals) etc.
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2001:
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301:, which took place from the 12th century A.D. onwards, many Hindko speakers historically referred to as Hindki converted to
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2208:. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Orient-Instituts. Vol. 23. Hamburg: Deutsches Orient-Institut. pp. 175–87.
92:
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666:"Indian" here refers to the historic meaning of India as the northern Indian subcontinent, which was known as
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Pakistan in Its Fourth Decade: Current Political, Social and Economic Situation and Prospects for the 1980s
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of colonial India. They were primarily traders and merchants and over time, settled in areas as far as
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Illustration of a Hindki in Peshawar in the book “An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul” (1815) by
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According to the 2017 census of Pakistan, Hindko is spoken by 5 million people in the country.
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1835:"Imran Ashraf Awan Biography, education, age, height, weight, wife and drama | Top News"
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Language, ideology and power: language learning among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India
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in the first half of the 19th century. Most of them have emigrated since the rise of the
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could mean 'Indian language' as opposed to Pashto, which belongs to the Iranian group.
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2180:
Akhtar, Raja Nasim; Rehman, Khawaja A. (2007). "The Languages of the Neelam Valley".
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The rise and development of Urdu and the importance of regional languages in Pakistan
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The rise and development of Urdu and the importance of regional languages in Pakistan
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950:. National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University. pp. 10–11.
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797:. National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University. p. 4.
778:. National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University. p. 4.
584:
549:
333:
126:
2237:
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2172:
1962:"Qateel Shifai, Failed Businessman Who Gave New Lease of Life to Urdu Poetry"
1784:
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migrated to the independent republic, occasionally identify with the broader
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2252:
1703:
Talibanistan: Negotiating the Borders Between Terror, Politics, and Religion
1441:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
668:
632:
329:
263:
122:
1687:"More women are running for office, but the glass ceiling is still intact"
262:. The term "Hindko" literally meant "the Indian language" or "language of
17:
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337:
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251:
130:
56:
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1858:"Speech of Mr. Iqbal Zafar Jhagra in 2012 Hindko Conference 18 11 2012"
438: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
193:
166:
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Hindko speakers tend to identify themselves by the larger families or
226:, the Hindu and Sikh Hindkowans exercised urban economic power in the
2582:
2496:
2486:
2401:
2366:
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2314:
1923:
944:
Rensch, Calvin Ross; O'Leary, Clare F.; Hallberg, Calinda E. (1992).
774:
Rensch, Calvin Ross; O'Leary, Clare F.; Hallberg, Calinda E. (1992).
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The most common second language for Hindko-speakers in Pakistan is
2631:
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674:
313:
302:
291:
281:
106:
67:(Lahnda). The origins of the term refer merely to the speakers of
31:
1319:
Kachru, Braj B.; Kachru, Yamuna; Sridhar, S. N. (27 March 2008).
2523:
388:
365:
2256:
246:
The word "Hindko" is a collective label for a diverse group of
1523:"Four years on, the voice of Hazara 'martyrs' still resonates"
988:"A Precarious State: the Sikh Community in Afghanistan - AIIA"
966:"A Precarious State: the Sikh Community in Afghanistan - AIIA"
947:
Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan: Hindko and Gujari
912:"Four years on, the voice of Hazara 'martyrs' still resonates"
795:
Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan: Hindko and Gujari
407:
1021:
HINDKI, the name given to the Hindus who inhabit Afghanistan.
290:
Today, most of the Hindko-speaking population in Pakistan is
203:
Those Hindko speakers, mainly Hindu and Sikhs, who after the
75:. The term is not only applied to several forms of "Northern
2090:. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
2151:(1979). "Problems of classification in Pakistan Panjab".
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
860:
and of Dera Ismail Khan (Northwestern Frontier Province).
1902:"PM convinces Sardar Mehtab Abbasi for KPK governorship"
1700:
Bergen, Peter; Tiedemann, Katherine (14 February 2013).
1614:"Ahmed Faraz – the poet of love and revolt | SAMAA"
1948:"Why Hazara province movement has resumed from Karachi"
1473:
Grierson took 'Hindko' to mean 'the language of Hindus'
2218:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
813:
811:
1036:
Journal of a Political Mission to Afghanistan in 1857
2018:
Indo-Pak Relations: Challenges Before New Millennium
1731:"The unending tragedies of Peshawar's Bilour family"
1439:C. Shackle (1980). "Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar".
1344:
1342:
1340:
818:Ibbetson, Sir Denzil; Maclagan, Sir Edward (1911).
1785:"Firdous Jamal's Blunt Comments About Mahira Khan"
1274:Viking fund publications in anthropology, Issue 43
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
1725:
1723:
1642:"Hindko poet's autobiography launched in Haripur"
1660:Patel, Reply to All | Aakar (25 November 2011).
1062:
1060:
51:, is a contemporary designation for speakers of
1976:"Peshawarites still remember the Kapoor family"
1151:"Pakistan's regional languages face extinction"
1111:Sardar, Ziauddin; Yassin-Kassab, Robin (2012).
743:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
211:; these Hindkowans reside the Indian states of
847:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–19.
2268:
1662:"Does Pakistan have a saviour in Imran Khan?"
1351:"The strange and little-known case of Hindko"
1069:"The strange and little-known case of Hindko"
1019:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
992:Australian Institute of International Affairs
970:Australian Institute of International Affairs
696:"The strange and little-known case of Hindko"
8:
1563:
1381:
1379:
1181:Papers in language and linguistics, Volume 1
838:
836:
1745:"Ex-CJP Bashir Jehangiri passes away at 83"
1628:"Remembering war veteran: Sir Anwar Shamim"
1608:
1606:
1289:For the heterogeneity of the dialects, see
1257:The social organization of the Marri Baluch
2275:
2261:
2253:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
299:Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent
1145:
1143:
454:Learn how and when to remove this message
328:are sometimes recognized collectively as
121:are sometimes recognised collectively as
2216:(1980). "Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar".
2153:Transactions of the Philological Society
1655:
1653:
1651:
1259:. Indus Publications. 1966. p. 11.
1201:. Bahri Publications. 1984. p. 50.
1183:. Bahri Publications. 1986. p. 50.
638:Tribes and clans of the Pothohar Plateau
348:. The other Hindko speakers include the
188:who became established there during the
141:. The other Hindko speakers include the
1579:
1298:
1217:Journal of Asian history, Volumes 35-36
686:
659:
59:, particularly the speakers of various
1595:. Christian Study Centre. p. 38.
1575:
1551:
1539:
1484:
1306:
1294:
1290:
884:. Christian Study Centre. p. 38.
1410:A History of Pakistan and Its Origins
1039:. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 18.
320:-speaking community belonging to the
113:-speaking community belonging to the
7:
2182:Kashmir Journal of Language Research
745:. Infobase Publishing. p. 285.
436:adding citations to reliable sources
2042:@Yasir_HameedQ (26 December 2015).
27:Name of Hindko-speakers in Pakistan
2165:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.x
1763:. General Press. 4 December 2018.
1349:Venkatesh, Karthik (6 July 2019).
1067:Venkatesh, Karthik (6 July 2019).
694:Venkatesh, Karthik (6 July 2019).
391:and the second most common one is
176:There is also a small diaspora in
25:
2110:Language and politics in Pakistan
1815:. thenews.com.pk. 28 October 2018
1813:"Son of the soil | Dialogue"
1276:. Viking Fund. 1966. p. 11.
899:https://www.dawn.com/news/1624375
1875:Shāh, Sayyid Vaqār ʻalī (1992).
412:
254:, primarily in the provinces of
180:, which includes members of the
55:who live among the neighbouring
1386:Sumra, Mahar Abdul Haq (1992).
423:needs additional citations for
1323:. Cambridge University Press.
560:Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi
71:rather than to any particular
1:
83:dialects of the districts of
2732:People from Punjab, Pakistan
1390:. Beacon Books. p. 36.
1033:Bellew, H. W. (8 May 2022).
793:Rensch, Calvin Ross (1992).
228:North-West Frontier Province
95:, which border the southern
2112:. Oxford University Press.
2044:"Yes ofc i can speak hinko"
2758:
1933:. Official website of the
1799:"Haji Ghulam Ahmed Bilour"
1760:My Life : Dilip Kumar
781:(1905: 130, 172, 186 ff.).
366:Raja, kumar, khatri, sethi
2290:
2284:Ethnic groups in Pakistan
2230:10.1017/S0041977X00137401
1878:Muslim League in N.W.F.P.
1453:10.1017/s0041977x00137401
1301:, p. 482): the term
1219:. O. Harrassowitz. 2001.
843:Masica, Colin P. (1993).
741:West, Barbara A. (2010).
2088:The Indo-Aryan languages
2015:Chitkara, M. G. (2001).
1924:Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi
1564:Akhtar & Rehman 2007
1199:Language forum, Volume 9
845:The Indo-Aryan Languages
1239:Oxford University Press
1117:Oxford University Press
1016:Encyclopædia Britannica
643:Pahari people (Kashmir)
404:Notable Hindko-speakers
38:Mountstuart Elphinstone
1321:Language in South Asia
1009:Chisholm, Hugh (ed.).
595:Sardar Muhammad Yousuf
287:
41:
1929:18 April 2014 at the
1241:. 2002. p. 367.
285:
35:
2214:Shackle, Christopher
2202:Shackle, Christopher
2149:Shackle, Christopher
1994:"Senate of Pakistan"
1904:. 11 September 2013.
1406:Christophe Jaffrelot
1052:the larger villages.
824:Indian Civil Service
654:Notes and references
620:Zahirul Islam Abbasi
570:Murtaza Javed Abbasi
432:improve this article
69:Indo-Aryan languages
53:Indo-Aryan languages
47:, also known as the
2377:European Pakistanis
1982:. 29 December 2003.
1644:. 13 February 2018.
1527:The Express Tribune
1297:, pp. 18–19);
916:The Express Tribune
590:Sardar Zahoor Ahmad
530:Ghulam Ahmad Bilour
504:Bashir Ahmad Bilour
217:Jammu & Kashmir
2737:Indo-Aryan peoples
1914:Adams, pp. 100–101
1498:"Hindko, Southern"
600:Salahuddin Tirmizi
545:Iqbal Zafar Jhagra
326:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
288:
256:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
224:partition of India
205:partition of India
119:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
79:" but also to the
42:
2714:
2713:
2130:Hindko and Gujari
2119:978-0-19-577692-8
2097:978-0-521-23420-7
2004:on 9 August 2016.
1630:. 9 January 2013.
1616:. 25 August 2017.
1502:SIL International
1330:978-1-139-46550-2
1309:, pp. 10–11)
1046:978-3-375-01648-7
776:Hindko and Gujari
535:Haider Zaman Khan
499:Baba Haider Zaman
464:
463:
456:
209:Punjabi community
99:-speaking areas.
16:(Redirected from
2749:
2742:Hindkowan tribes
2727:Hindkowan people
2277:
2270:
2263:
2254:
2249:
2209:
2197:
2176:
2144:
2123:
2101:
2084:Masica, Colin P.
2070:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2000:. Archived from
1990:
1984:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1747:. 16 April 2020.
1741:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1583:
1578:, pp. 4–5;
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1529:. 12 April 2014.
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1412:. Anthem Press.
1402:
1396:
1395:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1357:. Archived from
1346:
1335:
1334:
1316:
1310:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1157:. 7 January 2017
1147:
1138:
1137:
1108:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1075:. Archived from
1064:
1055:
1054:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1006:
1000:
999:
984:
978:
977:
962:
956:
955:
941:
920:
919:
918:. 12 April 2014.
908:
902:
896:
890:
889:
878:
863:
862:
840:
831:
830:
815:
806:
805:
790:
784:
783:
771:
765:
764:
738:
719:
718:
713:
711:
702:. Archived from
691:
679:
664:
509:Bashir Jehangiri
459:
452:
448:
445:
439:
416:
408:
93:Dera Ismail Khan
21:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2417:Indus Kohistani
2286:
2281:
2212:
2200:
2179:
2147:
2141:
2126:
2120:
2104:
2098:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1935:Jamaat-e-Islami
1931:Wayback Machine
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1856:
1853:Wayback Machine
1846:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1787:. 27 July 2019.
1783:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1554:, pp. 4–5.
1550:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1420:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1364:
1362:
1361:on 30 June 2022
1348:
1347:
1338:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1293:, p. 53);
1288:
1284:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1127:
1110:
1109:
1096:
1082:
1080:
1079:on 30 June 2022
1066:
1065:
1058:
1047:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1008:
1007:
1003:
986:
985:
981:
964:
963:
959:
943:
942:
923:
910:
909:
905:
897:
893:
880:
879:
866:
855:
842:
841:
834:
826:. p. 333.
817:
816:
809:
792:
791:
787:
773:
772:
768:
753:
740:
739:
722:
709:
707:
706:on 30 June 2022
693:
692:
688:
683:
682:
665:
661:
656:
629:
624:
525:Gohar Ayub Khan
494:Azam Khan Swati
474:Ali Khan Jadoon
460:
449:
443:
440:
429:
417:
406:
322:Hazara Division
280:
272:Iranic language
244:
115:Hazara Division
109:. However, the
85:Dera Ghazi Khan
65:Western Punjabi
61:Hindko dialects
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2755:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2224:(3): 482–510.
2210:
2198:
2177:
2159:(1): 191–210.
2145:
2139:
2124:
2118:
2102:
2096:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2057:
2050:) – via
2034:
2027:
2007:
1985:
1967:
1953:
1939:
1916:
1907:
1893:
1886:
1867:
1840:
1826:
1804:
1790:
1776:
1769:
1750:
1736:
1719:
1712:
1692:
1678:
1647:
1633:
1619:
1602:
1584:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1514:
1489:
1487:, pp. 3–4
1477:
1447:(3): 482–510.
1431:
1418:
1397:
1375:
1336:
1329:
1311:
1282:
1265:
1248:
1226:
1208:
1190:
1172:
1139:
1125:
1119:. p. 71.
1094:
1056:
1045:
1025:
1001:
979:
957:
921:
903:
891:
864:
853:
832:
807:
785:
766:
751:
720:
685:
684:
681:
680:
658:
657:
655:
652:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
628:
625:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
575:Omar Ayub Khan
572:
567:
565:Mulk Raj Anand
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
465:
462:
461:
420:
418:
411:
405:
402:
397:domains of use
279:
278:Social setting
276:
243:
240:
186:Sikh community
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2754:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
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2672:
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2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
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2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
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2601:
2598:
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2588:
2584:
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2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:Urdu speakers
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
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2301:
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2293:
2292:
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2278:
2273:
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2266:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2140:969-8023-13-5
2136:
2132:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2106:Rahman, Tariq
2103:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2028:9788176482721
2024:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1998:senate.gov.pk
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1887:9789694071350
1883:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1770:9789388118927
1766:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1713:9780199893072
1709:
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1696:
1693:
1688:
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1637:
1634:
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1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1566:, p. 69.
1565:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1542:, p. 80.
1541:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1481:
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1454:
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1442:
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1432:
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1426:
1421:
1419:9781843311492
1415:
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1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1299:Shackle (1980
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1126:9781849042239
1122:
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1114:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1005:
1002:
998:
993:
989:
983:
980:
976:
971:
967:
961:
958:
954:
949:
948:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
922:
917:
913:
907:
904:
900:
895:
892:
888:
883:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
865:
861:
856:
854:9780521299442
850:
846:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
814:
812:
808:
804:
802:
796:
789:
786:
782:
777:
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752:9781438119137
748:
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611:
608:
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603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
580:Qateel Shifai
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
555:Mehtab Abbasi
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
520:Firdous Jamal
518:
515:
512:
510:
507:
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502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
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485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
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467:
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458:
455:
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437:
433:
427:
426:
421:This section
419:
415:
410:
409:
403:
401:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
297:. During the
296:
293:
284:
277:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
222:Prior to the
220:
218:
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210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
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90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2657:Meghwar Bhil
2411:
2221:
2217:
2205:
2188:(1): 65–84.
2185:
2181:
2156:
2152:
2129:
2109:
2087:
2077:Bibliography
2060:
2037:
2017:
2010:
2002:the original
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1956:
1942:
1919:
1910:
1896:
1877:
1870:
1860:– via
1849:Ghostarchive
1847:Archived at
1843:
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1807:
1793:
1779:
1759:
1753:
1739:
1702:
1695:
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:
1636:
1622:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1580:Shackle 1983
1571:
1559:
1547:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1507:22 September
1505:. Retrieved
1492:
1480:
1472:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1424:
1423:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1387:
1370:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:the original
1320:
1314:
1307:Rensch (1992
1302:
1295:Masica (1991
1291:Rensch (1992
1285:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1166:
1159:. Retrieved
1155:The National
1132:
1130:
1112:
1088:
1083:24 September
1081:. Retrieved
1077:the original
1050:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1014:
1004:
995:
991:
982:
973:
969:
960:
951:
946:
915:
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610:Vinod Khanna
605:Shibli Faraz
540:Imran Ashraf
479:Anwar Shamim
450:
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425:verification
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2583:Spin Tareen
2492:Rajasthanis
1980:Daily Times
1819:4 September
1576:Rensch 1992
1552:Rensch 1992
1540:Rensch 1992
1485:Rensch 1992
1388:The Soomras
1161:4 September
1133:ander shehr
514:Dilip Kumar
484:Asghar Khan
469:Ahmad Faraz
444:August 2020
334:Tahirkhelis
286:The Tanolis
236:Balochistan
190:Sikh Empire
178:Afghanistan
127:Tahirkhelis
2721:Categories
2600:Rajasthani
2509:Nuristanis
2412:Hindkowans
1365:10 October
710:10 October
585:Raj Kapoor
550:Jalal Baba
45:Hindkowans
18:Hazarawals
2627:Shumashti
2482:Gujaratis
2432:Kashmiris
2246:129436200
2238:0041-977X
2194:1028-6640
2173:0079-1636
1469:129436200
1113:Pakistan?
799:The term
757:The term
669:Hindustan
648:Farsiwans
633:Hazarewal
489:Ayub Khan
376:, Turks,
338:Yusufzais
330:Hazarewal
165:, Turks,
131:Yusufzais
123:Hazarewal
2590:Punjabis
2573:Pashtuns
2556:Shughnan
2551:Sariquli
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2066:"Petaro"
1927:Archived
1851:and the
1666:Livemint
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1011:"Hindki"
627:See also
378:Qureshis
307:Hinduism
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2452:Ladakhi
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2295:Afghans
2052:Twitter
1862:YouTube
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382:Gujjars
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