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Hazel Ying Lee

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457: 40: 637:, had been killed in combat in France. As they prepared to bury Hazel and Victor, the family picked out a burial site in a Portland cemetery. The cemetery refused to allow the family to bury Hazel and Victor in the chosen spot, citing cemetery policy that did not allow Asians to be buried "in the White section." After a lengthy battle, the Lee family prevailed. Hazel Lee was laid to rest in a non-military funeral and buried alongside her brother on a sloping hill in 436:. Lee remained in the country despite the war and was in Canton when hundreds of civilians were killed in Japanese air attacks. While bombs fell all around them, friends recall Lee's calm effort to find shelter for friends, neighbors and family, which allowed them all to survive the bombing attacks. In 1938, following another unsuccessful effort to aid the Air Force as a pilot, Lee, a non-citizen, knew she had to return to the 551: 1162: 547:, chased Lee around her plane as he was shouting to his neighbors that the Japanese had invaded Kansas. Evading his attack, Lee told the farmer who she was and demanded he stop. She was a favorite with her fellow pilots, known for her sense of humor and being mischievous. Lee often used her lipstick to inscribe Chinese characters on the tail of her plane and the planes of her fellow pilots. 393:
wrote of Lee and the other Chinese-American women pilots of that time, "Although few in number, these first Chinese American aviators, in their attempt to participate in a daring sport, broke the stereotype of the passive Chinese woman and demonstrated the ability of Chinese American women to compete
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and took flying lessons with famed aviator Al Greenwood. Despite opposition from her mother, who saw no opportunity in the endeavor, Lee knew she "had to fly." In discussing Hazel's love of flying her sister Frances recalled: "It was the thought of doing something she loved. She enjoyed the danger
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Lee was known as a great cook and used Chinese cuisine as a way to introduce WASP pilots to Chinese culture. Fellow WASP pilot Sylvia Dahmes Clayton recalled: "Hazel provided me with an opportunity to learn about a different culture at a time when I did not know anything else. She expanded my world
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For over three decades after the war, members of the WASP and their supporters attempted to secure military status for the women pilots. In March 1977, following United States Congressional approval of Public Law 95-202, the efforts of the Women Airforce Service pilots were finally recognized, and
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for an arduous six-month training program. Lee was accepted into the 4th class, 43 W 4. She was the first Chinese-American woman to fly for the United States military. During Lee's training, it was reported that she fell from the aircraft she was riding in when the instructor made an unexpected
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Although flying under military command, the women pilots of the WASP were classified as civilians and were paid through the civil service. No military benefits were offered and when WASP pilots died in the line of duty, no military funerals were allowed. The WASPs were often assigned the least
626:, resulting in Lee's plane and another P-63 colliding. The aircraft were engulfed in flames and Lee was pulled from the burning wreckage of her airplane with her flight jacket still smoldering. Two days later, on November 25, 1944, Lee died from the severe burns she received in the accident. 654:
military status was finally granted. Thirty-eight WASP pilots died while in service during the years of World War II, and Lee was the last to die during the program. In 2010, she and all other WASP pilots, whether living, deceased, or killed during the war, received the
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and on the morning of November 23, the weather cleared, allowing Lee to leave Fargo. Shortly after 2 p.m., Lee was cleared to land in Great Falls with a large number of P-63's approaching the airport at the same time. There was confusion on the part of the
1493: 1410: 872: 519:. Their assignment was critical to the war effort. They delivered aircraft, which were being manufactured in large numbers in converted automobile factories, to points of embarkation, where they would then be shipped to the 1503: 468:, America was drawn into World War II. As the war claimed the time and lives of American pilots, it became clear that there were not enough male pilots to sustain the war effort at home. With the ambivalent support of 530:
Lee quickly emerged as a leader among the WASPs. A fellow pilot summed up Lee's attitude in her own words: "I'll take and deliver anything." Lee was described by her fellow pilots as "calm and fearless" even during
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desirable missions, such as winter trips in open cockpit airplanes. Commanding officers were initially reluctant to give women any flying deliveries. It took an order from the head of the
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would not accept a woman pilot. Because she was a woman, Lee was forced to take a desk job, flying only occasionally for a commercial Chinese company. Frustrated, Lee instead settled in
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Lee has since been remembered for her legacy of fighting toward equality and inclusion, her bravery, and record of service. In 2010, PBS aired a documentary about Lee entitled,
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for intensive training. She was part of Class 44-18 Flight B and went on to be among the 134 women pilots who flew "Pursuit," that is faster, high powered
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In 2004, Hazel Ying Lee was inducted into Oregon's Aviation Hall of Honor, a fraternity of native Oregonians who made historic contributions to aviation.
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Experienced women pilots like Lee were eager to join the WASP and responded to interview requests by Cochran. Members of the WASP reported to
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and spent the next few years flying for a private airline. At the time Lee was one of a very small number of women pilots in China.
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Women Military Pilots of World War II: A History with Biographies of American, British, Russian and German Aviators
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fronts. In a letter to her sister, Lee described Romulus as "a 7-day workweek, with little time off."
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In October 1932, Lee became one of the first Chinese-American women to earn a pilot's license. Author
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in 1933, Lee and several other Chinese Americans journeyed there with the goal of aiding the
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Only three days after learning of her death, the Lee family in Portland received another
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of her time, Lee led a full and active life. She was involved in athletics such as
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Hazel Ah Ying Lee, Women AirForce Service Pilot, World War II: a portrait
1431: 970:"Remembering Hazel Lee, the first Chinese-American female military pilot" 934:"Overlooked No More: When Hazel Ying Lee and Maggie Gee Soared the Skies" 791:""Fighting for Democracy": Hazel Ying Lee - National Constitution Center" 378: 292: 1411:"Documentary honors Chinese-American woman who flew U.S. Fighter planes" 865:"Documentary honors Chinese-American woman who flew U.S. fighter planes" 554:
Hazel Ying Lee reviews her performance after a session in a Link trainer
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Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
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informing them that Hazel's brother Victor, who was serving with the
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or "WASP," was created in 1943, under the command of famed aviator
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Upon graduation, Lee was assigned to the Third Ferrying Group at
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A Brief Flight... Hazel Ying Lee and the women who flew pursuit
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United States Army Air Forces personnel killed in World War II
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In 1932, Lee took her first airplane ride with a friend at an
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A Brief Flight: Hazel Ying Lee and The Women Who Flew Pursuit
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program. From there, male pilots flew the fighters on to
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While in Portland, Lee met her future husband "Clifford"
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The U.S. WASP: Trailblazing Women Pilots of World War II
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On November 10, 1944, Lee received orders to go to the
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In September 1944, Lee was sent to Pursuit School at
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and doing something that was new to Chinese girls."
381:and was determined to learn to fly. She joined the 252: 245: 240: 222: 208: 203: 178: 168: 158: 150: 142: 100: 90: 71: 49: 21: 1524:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1944 1051:"Women Airforce Service Pilots: Hazel Ah Ying Lee" 1122:(July 19, 1943). Time Inc: 73–80. 19 July 1943. 1514:Cleveland High School (Portland, Oregon) alumni 1413:. Associated Press. 10 May 2003. Archived from 1484:American military personnel of Chinese descent 1326:"Hazel Ying Lee: Fighting for Gender Equality" 859: 857: 855: 853: 228: 214: 8: 718:"Chinese American WASP Losing Her Anonymity" 440:, and did so after escaping the country to 1354: 1352: 1056:. Texas Women's University. Archived from 784: 782: 780: 237: 38: 18: 1320: 1318: 896: 894: 892: 890: 711: 709: 707: 705: 1489:Military personnel from Portland, Oregon 1293:"Badass Ladies of China: Hazel Ying Lee" 1182: 1180: 999:"Hazel Lee : World War II Database" 993: 991: 749: 747: 745: 743: 297: 1190:. Air Force ISR Agency. March 6, 2013. 1031:from the original on September 23, 2015 818: 816: 814: 812: 676: 901:Unander, Lee Sig (November 10, 2016). 789:Heishman, Allison (October 14, 2011). 604:Soviet allies fighting the Nazi forces 976:from the original on 11 February 2018 963: 961: 7: 1509:American aviators of Chinese descent 1367:from the original on 28 January 2018 1303:from the original on 1 February 2018 1291:Venugopal, Anjana (April 14, 2016). 1272:from the original on 1 February 2018 913:from the original on 30 January 2018 875:from the original on 30 January 2018 797:from the original on 30 January 2018 765:from the original on 21 January 2018 335:who had immigrated to Portland from 617:Bad weather delayed the mission at 1359:Collins, Shannon (March 9, 2016). 1194:from the original on July 14, 2014 1005:from the original on July 14, 2014 871:. Associated Press. May 10, 2003. 14: 1165:from the original on 7 April 2019 1126:from the original on 7 April 2019 728:from the original on 4 April 2018 434:the Japanese forces invaded China 968:Gandhi, Lakshmi (May 25, 2017). 793:. National Constitution Center. 716:Flaccus, Gillian (11 May 2003). 1338:from the original on 2011-07-25 1266:Women in Aviation International 829:. McFarland. pp. 176–179. 539:took place at a wheat field in 383:Chinese Flying Club of Portland 366:in 1929, Lee found a job as an 1519:Aviators from Portland, Oregon 1363:. U.S. Department of Defense. 415:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 370:at Liebes Department Store in 307: 259: 229: 215: 1: 478:Women Airforce Service Pilots 313:Women Airforce Service Pilots 163:Women Airforce Service Pilots 1499:Accidental deaths in Montana 932:Hafner, Katie (2020-05-21). 755:"Hazel Ying Lee (1912-1944)" 470:United States Army Air Force 394:in a male-dominated field." 1081:Simons, Lisa M. B. (2017). 423:Republic of China Air Force 1540: 512:to improve the situation. 1297:www.theworldofchinese.com 1145:Dromgoole, Glenn (2016). 559:and my outlook on life." 543:. A farmer, armed with a 288: 274: 270: 236: 199: 195: 37: 28: 1299:. The World of Chinese. 656:Congressional Gold Medal 401:, who was also a pilot. 210:Traditional Chinese 29: 1087:. Capstone. p. 4. 823:Merry, Lois K. (2010). 596:Niagara Falls, New York 350:Despite the widespread 224:Simplified Chinese 907:1859 Oregon's Magazine 759:oregonencyclopedia.org 689:1859 Oregon's Magazine 606:with planes under the 555: 466:attack on Pearl Harbor 461: 188:Ssiu Lan Wong (mother) 553: 510:Air Transport Command 459: 413:, in response to the 339:. The family owned a 869:The Billings Gazette 600:Great Falls, Montana 460:Hazel Ying Lee, 1932 364:Commerce High School 83:Great Falls, Montana 639:River View Cemetery 619:Fargo, North Dakota 464:After the Japanese 123: /  105:River View Cemetery 91:Cause of death 1452:2020-11-25 at the 1148:West Texas Stories 938:The New York Times 641:, overlooking the 564:Brownsville, Texas 556: 482:Jacqueline Cochran 474:Henry "Hap" Arnold 462: 345:Old Town Chinatown 341:Chinese restaurant 337:Taishan, Guangdong 127:45.465°N 122.673°W 107:, Portland, Oregon 1430:Gott, Kay. 1996. 1391:history.house.gov 903:"Sky's the Limit" 722:Los Angeles Times 685:"Sky's the Limit" 537:emergency landing 517:Romulus, Michigan 493:Sweetwater, Texas 419:Chinese Air Force 372:downtown Portland 368:elevator operator 352:anti-Chinese bias 333:Chinese Americans 278: 277: 266: 265: 247:Standard Mandarin 185:Yuet Lee (father) 75:November 25, 1944 1531: 1419: 1418: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1398: 1397: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1356: 1347: 1346: 1344: 1343: 1337: 1330: 1322: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1288: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1262:"Hazel Ying Lee" 1258: 1252: 1251: 1249: 1248: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1184: 1175: 1174: 1172: 1170: 1142: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1069: 1068: 1062: 1055: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1021: 1015: 1014: 1012: 1010: 995: 986: 985: 983: 981: 965: 956: 955: 953: 952: 929: 923: 922: 920: 918: 898: 885: 884: 882: 880: 861: 848: 847: 845: 843: 820: 807: 806: 804: 802: 786: 775: 774: 772: 770: 751: 738: 737: 735: 733: 713: 700: 699: 697: 696: 681: 643:Willamette River 329:Portland, Oregon 327:Lee was born in 309: 299: 298:lei5 jyut6 jing1 290: 262: 261: 238: 232: 231: 218: 217: 138: 137: 135: 134: 133: 132:45.465; -122.673 128: 124: 121: 120: 119: 116: 78: 64:Portland, Oregon 59: 57: 42: 32: 19: 16:American aviator 1539: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1464: 1463: 1459:WASP on the WEB 1454:Wayback Machine 1443: 1427: 1422: 1417:on 29 May 2017. 1409: 1408: 1404: 1395: 1393: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1370: 1368: 1358: 1357: 1350: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1306: 1304: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1275: 1273: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1246: 1244: 1236: 1235: 1231: 1222: 1220: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1197: 1195: 1186: 1185: 1178: 1168: 1166: 1159: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1129: 1127: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1034: 1032: 1023: 1022: 1018: 1008: 1006: 997: 996: 989: 979: 977: 967: 966: 959: 950: 948: 931: 930: 926: 916: 914: 900: 899: 888: 878: 876: 863: 862: 851: 841: 839: 837: 822: 821: 810: 800: 798: 788: 787: 778: 768: 766: 753: 752: 741: 731: 729: 715: 714: 703: 694: 692: 683: 682: 678: 674: 651: 635:U.S. Tank Corps 588: 533:forced landings 454: 407: 325: 191: 131: 129: 125: 122: 117: 114: 112: 110: 109: 108: 86: 80: 76: 67: 61: 60:August 24, 1912 55: 53: 45: 33: 30: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1537: 1535: 1527: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1442: 1441:External links 1439: 1438: 1437: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1420: 1402: 1378: 1348: 1314: 1283: 1253: 1229: 1205: 1176: 1157: 1137: 1107: 1093: 1073: 1042: 1016: 987: 957: 924: 886: 849: 835: 808: 776: 739: 701: 675: 673: 670: 650: 647: 587: 584: 580:P-39 Airacobra 572:P-63 Kingcobra 453: 450: 406: 403: 324: 321: 315:(WASP) during 281:Hazel Ying Lee 276: 275: 272: 271: 268: 267: 264: 263: 256: 250: 249: 243: 242: 241:Transcriptions 234: 233: 226: 220: 219: 212: 206: 205: 201: 200: 197: 196: 193: 192: 190: 189: 186: 182: 180: 176: 175: 170: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 144: 140: 139: 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 81: 79:(aged 32) 73: 69: 68: 62: 51: 47: 46: 44:Hazel Ying Lee 43: 35: 34: 26: 25: 23:Hazel Ying Lee 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1536: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1406: 1403: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1379: 1366: 1362: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1334: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1287: 1284: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1257: 1254: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1230: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1206: 1193: 1189: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1164: 1160: 1158:9780891126744 1154: 1151:. 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Index


Portland, Oregon
Great Falls, Montana
Plane crash
River View Cemetery
45°27′54″N 122°40′23″W / 45.465°N 122.673°W / 45.465; -122.673
Women Airforce Service Pilots
Louie Yim-qun
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Chinese
Jyutping
pinyin
Women Airforce Service Pilots
World War II
Portland, Oregon
Chinese Americans
Taishan, Guangdong
Chinese restaurant
Old Town Chinatown
anti-Chinese bias
swimming
handball
Commerce High School
elevator operator
downtown Portland
air show
Chinese Flying Club of Portland

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