145:" that cached data being typed by the user and sent it all at once to the host. The system also had two display intensities, foreground and background (bright and dim). Data sent in background mode was independent and not sent back to the server. This allowed forms to be sent as text in background mode and then switch the terminal to foreground mode for data entry. This was used to create on-screen forms that could be filled out and cleared without having to re-send the background layout.
166:
The system was an all-in-one unit with a 12" diagonal green phosphor screen with a 8.5" by 5.75" display area. The system weighed 62 pounds (28 kg) and required at least 24 inches (610 mm) of depth on a desk, and drew a massive 350 W in operation. It required 30 seconds to "warm up",
148:
The base model displayed 27 lines of 74 characters, uppercase only, while an expansion added lowercase and 80-by-25 layout. In 1974 the expanded version became the only model and the price was lowered. The basic system was reimplemented several times using newer electronics as they became available
285:
The key feature of this concept is that common commands, like clear screen, could be issued to clear only the foreground or background data, and batch mode only sends the foreground characters. In practice, the host computer would send a stream of data in background mode to lay out a form, sending
257:
A key feature of the 2000 was its ability to be put into "batch mode", either by pressing the appropriate lamp/button on the right of the keyboard, or by sending the appropriate command as ASCII codes from the host computer. When the terminal was in this mode, the batch lamp/button was turned on.
281:
Batch mode was normally used in conjunction with a separate feature, foreground/background mode. This system allowed the text on the screen to be displayed at normal intensity, foreground, or a reduced intensity, background. The mode for every character on the screen was held in the buffer, so
194:
modems like the WE202C. This also had the side-effect of reducing the speeds; when turned on the highest speed was 1200 bit/s, but it also supported a wider variety of speeds below that to match the variety of speeds seen with these
289:
Once sent up in this fashion, the user's input would only be into those portions of the screen that were in foreground mode, and only their entries would be sent back to the host. Additionally, the cursor keys and
273:
key in the cursor cluster. This caused a second cursor to appear on-screen at the current location, and it will begin sending data from that position to the first carriage return it sees in the data.
265:. Buffered data was sent when the user pressed the return key. The data to be sent was normally everything on the line up to the cursor, but this could be modified by pressing holding down
225:
to the right of the numeric keypad. Running in a column down the extreme right hand side was a series of seven status lamps and pushbuttons with the on/off switch at the top of the column.
153:
was a lower-cost version introduced in 1977. The development team was unhappy with the support they received from the corporation, and the division was spun off to form Esprit
Systems.
186:
terminal in the 1970s. Switches on the back of the case allowed the speed to be set to all common speeds between 110 and 9600 bit/s. A second switch, "CA", added additional
361:
range. The X coordinate was too large to fit in the printable range, so it repeated at character 96, although this did not allow the full range to be addressed in this manner.
349:
allowed the cursor to be sent to an indicated location on the screen by following it with two ASCII characters where the character code indicated a number. For instance, the
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was selected using a rear-panel rotating switch, odd, even, always-1 or always-0. A parity error would cause the parity lamp to light, which could be cleared by pressing it.
217:
The keyboard could be detached, connecting to the terminal using a 5 foot (1.5 m) 54-pin HDR connector. It had a 51-key typewriter layout main section, along with a
110:, introduced in October 1970 at a price of $ 2,995 (equivalent to $ 23,500 in 2023). While earlier terminal systems included "smart" editing features, notably the
672:
249:
option, the character matrix was expanded to 5 by 8, thereby allowing only 25 lines, although by adjusting the display slightly, they expanded to 80 columns wide.
667:
214:, Hazeltine's primary business. The RS-232 was connected via a hard-wired cable with a 25-pin connector at the end, not a rear-panel port.
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spaces in foreground mode to indicate input areas. Once the form was complete, it would switch back to foreground mode and turn on batch.
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and continually ran a fan to cool the system. Later models first grew to 63 pounds (29 kg) before falling to 57 pounds (26 kg).
261:
In batch mode, typing on the keyboard was not immediately sent to the host, but was instead buffered into the 2 KB of internal
640:
310:, what they referred to as the "lead-in code". The single character following the lead-in defines an action. These included
353:, ASCII code 0, would send the cursor to row or column 0. To avoid problems in transmission, the pattern repeated at 32,
662:
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set. These were drawn on-screen in a 5 by 7 dot matrix, allowing 27 rows of 74 characters per line. With the optional
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storage, and the video signal so it could be mirrored on up to three additional screens. The connectors were complex,
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skipped over background characters, allowing the user to easily move around the form from field to field.
28:
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The command set also included basic editing and cursor positioning typical of other smart terminals.
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to send commands to the terminal. For the 2000, the commands were indicated by
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characters to send data in order to turn around the communications channel in
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foreground and background data could be displayed anywhere on the screen.
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Like the wide variety of smart terminals that followed, the 2000 used an
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In contrast to most glass terminals of the era, the 2000 offered only
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84:
318:(unit separator) to indicate following data was in foreground mode,
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345:(substitute) inserted a blank line below the cursor position.
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appears to have shipped months earlier with similar features.
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in the data stream. It could be attached to any contemporary
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sent the cursor to the "home" position in the upper left,
114:, the Hazeltine 2000 was the first that used a standard
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One advanced feature of the design was the concept of "
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314:(shift out) to trigger a transmit in batch mode,
330:(group separator) to clear just the foreground.
8:
19:
377:da Cruz says "possibly" the first, but the
202:The system also had outputs for a printer,
18:
326:(file separator) to clear the screen, or
322:(end of medium) to indicate background,
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673:Computer-related introductions in 1970
648:. Hazeltine Corporation. January 1975.
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633:Columbia University Computing History
424:Columbia University Computing History
7:
106:is one of the first general-purpose
14:
199:, adding 150 and 600 bit/s.
642:Hazeltine 2000 Operating Manual
627:da Cruz, Frank (August 2001).
238:of 64 characters covering the
1:
629:"The Hazeltine 2000 Terminal"
420:"The Hazeltine 2000 Terminal"
234:The base-model system had a
668:Character-oriented terminal
182:that was widely used as an
689:
138:-standard character sets.
108:"smart" computer terminals
269:and pressing the special
210:based on those used in
118:interface and sent its
613:, p. Appendix IV.
341:deleted the line, and
223:cursor control section
149:during the 1970s. The
277:Foreground/Background
174:, lacking the common
29:Hazeltine Corporation
308:Control-Shift-period
221:to the right, and a
359:printable character
21:
663:Computer terminals
533:, pp. 7, 11.
180:Teletype Model 33
120:control sequences
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75:Computer keyboard
39:Computer terminal
16:Computer terminal
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298:Sending commands
208:HDR panel mounts
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66:80x25 characters
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188:Request To Send
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473:, pp. 22.
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379:Datapoint 3300
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219:numeric keypad
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151:Hazeltine 1500
104:Hazeltine 2000
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95:Hazeltine 1500
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20:Hazeltine 2000
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601:, p. 17.
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586:, p. 16.
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574:, p. 14.
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557:, p. 13.
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521:, p. 25.
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509:, p. 24.
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178:based on the
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621:Bibliography
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545:, p. 7.
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497:, p. 5.
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485:, p. 2.
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446:, p. 3.
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427:. Retrieved
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407:da Cruz 2001
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176:current loop
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162:Basic system
147:
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124:minicomputer
103:
101:
81:Connectivity
52:October 1970
48:October 1970
45:Release date
25:Manufacturer
611:Manual 1975
599:Manual 1975
584:Manual 1975
572:Manual 1975
555:Manual 1975
543:Manual 1975
531:Manual 1975
519:Manual 1975
507:Manual 1975
495:Manual 1975
483:Manual 1975
471:Manual 1975
459:Manual 1975
444:Manual 1975
263:core memory
192:half-duplex
157:Description
132:serial port
130:that had a
657:Categories
429:14 January
389:References
253:Batch mode
247:lower case
240:upper case
143:batch mode
394:Citations
134:and used
128:mainframe
91:Successor
212:avionics
204:cassette
112:IBM 2260
292:tab key
267:⇧ Shift
60:Display
50: (
229:Parity
197:modems
184:ad hoc
172:RS-232
116:RS-232
85:RS-232
646:(PDF)
365:Notes
355:Space
243:ASCII
136:ASCII
71:Input
431:2020
271:XMIT
102:The
35:Type
351:NUL
347:DC1
343:SUB
339:DC3
335:DC2
126:or
64:CRT
659::
631:.
591:^
562:^
451:^
422:.
328:GS
324:FS
320:EM
316:US
312:SO
635:.
433:.
409:.
54:)
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