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104:, members of Hazen's Brigade were detailed back to Stones River to build a monument both to commemorate the heroism of the brigade and to memorialize their lost comrades. A construction detail under Lt. Edward Crebbin placed the monument on private property in the middle of the brigade cemetery in Round Forest. A Union army captain described the monument as a "quadrangular pyramidal shaft, ten feet square at the base and eleven feet in height....A dry-stacked stone wall, four feet high and two feet thick, enclosed both monument and cemetery. Three low steps breached the wall's south side to allow access." In 1864 two experienced
84:. Hazen's men, supported by other Union troops, and especially by artillery that Rosecrans had massed on the high ground in their rear, successfully repulsed four Confederate assaults. So great was the slaughter that soldiers called the place "Hell's Half-Acre." Hazen's regiments sustained 409 casualties (29% of the brigade), including 45 men killed. The determined resistance of Hazen's brigade arguably prevented the Confederate
132:, had known Hazen well, and had survived fighting at Stones River unscathed. As a topographic engineer, Bierce had had ample opportunity to view the monument when it was first completed in 1863. In 1908, Bierce published an eerie psychological tale, "A Resumed Identity," in which the man in the story shares Bierce's age, rank, and brigade affiliation and in which the Hazen Monument plays a critical role in the story's
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The 0.84-acre site was acquired by the War
Department in 1875 and before 1930 was administered under the authority of the superintendent of the Stones River National Cemetery. During this period the monument suffered "periods of neglect and deterioration." In 1930, administration of the Hazen
155:, two bone fragments, six horse teeth, and two small wood fragments. Archaeologists concluded that these items had been in the soil used for fill. Nevertheless, about five feet above ground, archaeologists found nine other artifacts: two 12-pound and one 6-pound cannonballs, three
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shells, two rifled musket barrels, and a cedar staff. Because these items were all placed at a single level, the
National Park Service believed their inclusion had been purposeful, although there was no agreement about the meaning of this presumptive
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Memorial and the
National Cemetery were officially consolidated into the Stones River National Military Park; and in 1933, administration of the Military Park was transferred from the War Department to the National Park Service (NPS).
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219:. For other monuments built by soldiers during the Civil War see Michael W. Panhorst, "'The First of Our Hundred Battle Monuments': Civil War Battlefield Monuments Built by Active-Duty Soldiers during the Civil War,"
136:. Bierce's protagonist describes the monument as it probably appeared in 1907: "brown with age, weather-worn at the angles, spotted with moss and lichen. Between the massive blocks were strips of grass."
112:. On the south face the stone cutters inscribed the words, HAZEN'S BRIGADE/ TO THE MEMORY OF ITS SOLDIERS WHO FELL AT STONES RIVER, DEC. 31ST 1862/ THEIR FACES TOWARDS HEAVEN, THEIR FEET TO THE FOE.
482:(November 2004), 10-14, 58, even suggests that Bierce's macabre sense of humor led him to create a fake gravestone in the brigade cemetery for a possibly nonexistent soldier, one "A. Louse."
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478:(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2009), 130. Gordon Berg, "The Hazen Brigade Monument at Stone's River Is Among the Most Curious Civil War Memorials,"
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In 1985, while repairing the
Monument, workers discovered a number of objects in its fill of limestone and soil: two bullets, eight
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from the regiment carved the inscriptions, including names of the regimental officers killed at Stones River and the earlier
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back three miles. At that point the Union line was nearly at right angles to its original position. The brigade of Col.
302:. The project clearly had official sanction and was probably authorized by Hazen himself and Col. Isaac C. B. Sunman,
80:—known locally as the Round Forest—at a salient in the line just east of the Nashville Pike and on both sides of the
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Hazen himself was wounded in the shoulder during the battle and was promoted to brigadier general for his gallantry.
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Two other monuments were built on Civil War battlefields before 1863. A monument commemorating the death of Col.
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403:"National Park Service Cultural Landscapes Inventory: Hazen Brigade Monument, Stones River Battlefield"
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visited the Hazen
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Critical examination of this (very) short story may be found at Roy Morris Jr.,
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Conflict sites on the
National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
432:. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press. pp. 62–63.
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474:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 50-52, and Sharon Talley,
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National
Register of Historic Places in Rutherford County, Tennessee
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Marked for Future
Generations: The Hazen Brigade Monument, 1863-1929
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Cemeteries on the
National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
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The Devil's
Topographer: Ambrose Bierce and the American War Story
346:"Stones River National Battlefield Study, Historic Resource Study"
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300:. Murfreesboro, Tennessee: National Park Service. pp. 7–8.
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made a surprise advance on his left and drove the right of the
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American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places
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National Battlefields and Military Parks of the United States
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Battlefields of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
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monument remaining in its original battlefield location.
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The Civil War: A Narrative: Fredericksburg to Meridian
187:was vandalized and then destroyed following the
143:Hazen Brigade Monument with surrounding cemetery
552:Protected areas of Rutherford County, Tennessee
48:The Hazen Brigade at the Battle of Stones River
8:
191:. A monument commemorating the dead of the
124:In 1907, short-story writer and journalist
96:During the summer of 1863, while the Union
76:defended a 4-acre (16,000 m) clump of
52:On December 31, 1862, the first day of the
100:outmaneuvered Bragg's Confederates in the
547:National Park Service areas in Tennessee
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476:Ambrose Bierce and the Dance of Death
237:. New York: Random House. p. 89.
472:Ambrose Bierce: Alone in Bad Company
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82:Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad
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223:, 20, no. 4 (Winter 2014), 22-43.
30:Stones River National Battlefield
572:1863 establishments in Tennessee
193:32nd Indiana Infantry Regiment
88:from breaking the Union line.
1:
308:National Park Service website
217:National Park Service website
197:Battle of Rowlett's Station
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207:and then, in 2010, to the
296:Brown, Daniel A. (1985).
189:Second Battle of Bull Run
493:"Hazen Brigade Monument"
453:Bierce, Ambrose (1908).
428:Owens, David M. (2006).
374:"Hazen Brigade Monument"
344:Styles, Sean M. (2004).
320:"Hazen Brigade Monument"
268:"Hazen Brigade Monument"
185:First Battle of Bull Run
92:Creation of the monument
537:Murfreesboro, Tennessee
199:(December 17, 1861) in
153:freshwater mussel shell
304:9th Indiana Volunteers
233:Foote, Shelby (1963).
209:Frasier History Museum
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130:9th Indiana Volunteers
98:Army of the Cumberland
54:Battle of Stones River
26:Hazen Brigade Monument
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20:Hazen Brigade Monument
500:National Park Service
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353:National Park Service
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201:Hart County, Kentucky
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74:William Babcock Hazen
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455:"A Resumed Identity"
213:Louisville, Kentucky
70:William S. Rosecrans
480:America's Civil War
205:Cave Hill Cemetery
149:buck and ball shot
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116:Subsequent history
102:Tullahoma campaign
42:American Civil War
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221:Southern Cultures
181:Francis S. Bartow
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68:of Major General
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60:General
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409:. 1998
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