400:
515:
568:
396:'s shoe company. In 1866, Pingree and his accountant, Charles H. Smith, purchased Baldwin's shoe-making machinery and formed the Pingree and Smith company. In 1883, Smith retired from the firm and J. B. Howarth and Pingree's son Joe joined the partnership. By 1886, it was a $ 1 million company with 700 employees turning out a half-million shoes and boots a year. It was the second biggest shoe manufacturer in the U.S. In March 1887, a fire destroyed the entire plant, yet they were able to recover.
506:; an income tax; primary elections; the power of "referendum", the abolition of child labor, and compulsory arbitration of labor disputes. Opposition from Democrats and business-oriented Republicans blocked most of his proposals. Pingree expressed the Progressive fear of corporate power, saying, "I do not condemn corporations and rich men", he said, "but I would keep them within their proper spheres. It is not safe to entrust the government of the country to the influence of Wall Street."
222:
1194:
261:
in 1891, 1893 and 1895. Warning repeatedly against the dangers of monopolistic corporations, he launched nationally visible crusades against
Detroit's streetcar, gas, electric, and telephone companies. He successfully forced rate reductions that won him widespread popularity. He won public approval for a citizen-owned electric light plant and became a national spokesman for municipal ownership and public regulation of utilities and street railways.
471:
33:
1888:
447:, Pingree expanded the public welfare programs, initiated public works for the unemployed, built new schools, parks, and public baths. He gained national recognition through his "potato patch plan", which allowed poor people to use 430 acres (170 ha) of vacant city land for growing food. He was also an advocate of economist
260:
As a businessman turned politician, Pingree was elected mayor in 1889 after a colorful campaign in which
Pingree revealed his tolerance by making a circuit of saloons. Pingree added to the old stock Yankee Republican base by making large inroads into the German and Canadian elements. He was reelected
423:
in 1889 on a platform of exposing and ending corruption in city paving contracts, sewer contracts, and the school board. He soon turned to fighting privately owned utility monopolies. He challenged the electric and gas monopolies through municipally owned competitors. His largest struggle, however,
280:
Pingree was on the ballot too, and was elected governor of
Michigan. As governor, he succeeded in forcing passage of the nation's first major statewide reappraisal of railroad and corporate property, with intent on implementing taxes. That led to a rational basis for railroad regulation and other
264:
When the nationwide Panic of 1893 caused a severe depression, Pingree gained support by opening empty lots to garden farming launching
Pingree's "Potato Patch Plan", initially financed by Pingree, who sold his prize horse to pay for the farming tools and seeds. Pingree was a Republican, whose
486:. He campaigned on a platform of pluralism, inviting the Germans and other ethnics to join a grand coalition that would bring prosperity to everyone, unlike the false prosperity promised by the silverites. He carried the state both for himself and Republican presidential candidate
493:
After taking office on
January 1, 1897, he intended to also fill the last year of his term as mayor of Detroit, which would have lasted until elections in November 1897. However, his right to hold the two offices simultaneously was contested, and after the
995:
Message of
Governor Hazen S. Pingree to the fortieth legislature convened in extra session: Upon the subjects of equal taxation, constitutional amendment, and repeal of special charters of railroads. October 10,
683:
501:
During his four years in office, Pingree promoted the regulation of railroad rates, equal taxation, and municipal ownership of public utilities. He also supported the direct election of U.S. senators; an
376:, where he later escaped by pretending to be someone else during a roll call for a prisoner exchange in November 1864. Pingree rejoined his regiment, fought in many more battles, and was present at
1942:
333:. The regiment he fought with was then ordered to defend Washington, D.C., until May 15, 1864, and then was sent to the front again. He fought with the Second Brigade of Tyler's Division,
403:
This residence in 5054 Woodward Avenue was built in 1871 for James
Wallace and later sold to Henry Stephens who sold it to Hazen S Pingree in the 1890s, the house was demolished in 1919.
745:
399:
432:, over lowering streetcar fares to three cents. Pingree again attempted to create a competing municipally owned company, but was barred from creating a railway by the
1957:
1922:
1135:
377:
526:
Pingree did not run for reelection in 1900. In 1901, Pingree arrived in London, England, while returning from an
African safari with his son. He was stricken with
238:
1932:
984:
Message of
Governor Hazen S. Pingree to the thirty-ninth legislature of Michigan: Delivered Jan. 6, 1897; Volume 8 of Pamphlets on U.S. history and politics
1486:
1987:
1982:
1972:
913:
281:
trust busting ideas launched by the
Republican Party. A survey of scholars in 1985 ranked Pingree as the third-best mayor in all of American history.
1253:
1512:
956:
654:
CYCLOPEDIA OF MICHIGAN: HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL, COMPRISING A SYNOPSIS OF GENERAL HISTORY OF THE STATE, AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MEN
1258:
1039:
1035:
1917:
1128:
1952:
338:
221:
1522:
802:
772:
459:
266:
946:
1026:
254:
202:
1962:
1479:
63:
1977:
1552:
1121:
854:
707:
72:
1807:
1782:
1144:
1967:
1947:
1318:
322:
1937:
1652:
546:
542:
519:
437:
930:
Sych, Lawrence. "Political Clubs In Michigan Election Campaigns: A Comparison of the Pingree and Griffin Campaigns",
534:, Pingree's famous look alike, even sent his own physicians to London's Grand Hotel to assist in Pingree's recovery.
1927:
1472:
538:
326:
556:
There is also a bronze bust of him on the thirteenth floor of the Coleman A. Young Municipal Building in Detroit.
1702:
1495:
1068:
573:
436:. When the company sought a thirty-year contract with the city, Pingree opposed it, leading a major shareholder,
420:
361:
330:
104:
514:
1682:
1617:
1403:
462:
saw Pingree ranked as the fourth-best mayor of a major American city to serve between the years 1820 and 1993.
369:
302:
1767:
1747:
1737:
1722:
1572:
1078:
408:
139:
1792:
1567:
495:
429:
353:
274:
269:
voters and labor union members. He supported the gold standard in 1896, and worked to carry Michigan for
1707:
458:
A 1993 survey of historians, political scientists and urban experts conducted by Melvin G. Holli of the
433:
549:
in Detroit, commemorating him as "The Idol of the People". The sculpture was made by Austrian sculptor
1912:
1907:
1348:
1095:
1030:
483:
393:
365:
246:
45:
321:
with the 1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment (Company F). He fought on the front line during
1867:
1697:
1647:
1637:
1243:
1223:
1173:
831:
357:
345:
411:. They had three children – Joe, Hazel, and Gertrude, who died in 1894 of tuberculosis at age 19.
348:
and fought at North Anna (May 24–25) where he and some other men were captured by a detachment of
1827:
1727:
1677:
1667:
1627:
1413:
1398:
1323:
1263:
1238:
1218:
1152:
1088:
1019:
444:
318:
84:
924:
Hazen S. Pingree: A Good Shoemaker Becomes Detroit's Best Mayor and Michigan's Greatest Governor
626:
622:
392:
Pingree was a cobbler by trade and, following the war, moved to Detroit and briefly worked for
384:
surrendered on April 9, 1865. A few months later, on August 15, his regiment was mustered out.
1742:
1712:
1692:
1662:
1657:
1607:
1592:
1527:
1517:
1443:
1368:
1358:
1061:
952:
798:
792:
788:
768:
581:
127:
68:
819:
Midwestern Progressive Politics: A Historical Study of Its Origins and Development, 1870-1950
1862:
1772:
1672:
1602:
1532:
1507:
1453:
1428:
1423:
1388:
1378:
1373:
1308:
1293:
1283:
1213:
1178:
652:
487:
270:
337:, which participated in battles at Fredericksburg Road (May 18), Harris Farm (May 19), and
32:
1842:
1822:
1817:
1687:
1547:
1537:
1433:
1393:
550:
531:
373:
862:
715:
1732:
1632:
1612:
1582:
1577:
1353:
1338:
1333:
1288:
1278:
1183:
1105:
1046:
962:
762:
615:
503:
425:
334:
290:
167:
96:
470:
1901:
1857:
1852:
1837:
1812:
1802:
1787:
1777:
1762:
1757:
1642:
1418:
1363:
1313:
1303:
1248:
1233:
1228:
381:
349:
293:, to Jasper Pingree and Adeline (Bryant) Pingree and attended the common schools in
1847:
1797:
1597:
1587:
1383:
1343:
1298:
1273:
1268:
1163:
448:
1464:
993:
982:
971:
903:
1877:
1832:
1557:
1448:
1438:
527:
419:
Pingree had never been active in politics. As a citizen reformer he was elected
298:
1887:
1752:
1622:
1408:
1168:
687:
563:
314:
1872:
1562:
1542:
192:
667:
Bill Loomis, "Hazen Pingree: Quite possibly Detroit's finest mayor" (2013).
344:
His regiment was then assigned to the Second Corps, Third Division, in the
1202:
452:
1113:
242:
912:
Loomis, Bill. "Hazen Pingree: Quite possibly Detroit's finest mayor",
250:
794:
The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896
301:, where he worked at a cotton factory. Two years later, he moved to
513:
469:
294:
885:
Holli, Melvin G. "Mayor Pingree Campaigns for the Governorship",
1468:
1117:
277:
in the intensely competitive 1896 U.S. presidential election.
880:
The American Mayor: The Best & the Worst Big-City Leaders
617:
The American Mayor: The Best & the Worst Big-City Leaders
352:'s command. Pingree was confined in Confederate prisons at
305:, and worked several years as a cutter in a shoe factory.
545:
in Detroit. There is a statue of Pingree standing in the
657:, Western Publishing and Engraving Co., pp. 144–146
482:
In 1896 Pingree was nominated as the GOP candidate for
895:
Reform in Detroit: Hazen S. Pingree and Urban Politics
601:
Reform in Detroit: Hazen S. Pingree and Urban Politics
741:
739:
737:
905:
Hazen S. Pingree: urban and pre-progressive reformer
1201:
1151:
253:who migrated from New England, he was a successful
216:
208:
198:
188:
174:
154:
149:
133:
121:
102:
90:
78:
62:
43:
23:
614:
237:(August 30, 1840 – June 18, 1901) was a four-term
1943:People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
999:, Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford co., state printers
541:, Detroit, Michigan, and later reinterred at the
948:Messages of the Governors of Michigan, Volume 4
407:In 1872, Pingree married Frances A. Gilbert of
934:(2002) 34#2 pp 143–162. compares 1896 and 1978
498:ruled against him, Pingree resigned as mayor.
1480:
1129:
973:Facts and opinions: or, Dangers that beset us
727:
725:
651:Western Publishing and Engraving Co. (1900),
372:was on his march to the sea, he was taken to
8:
1487:
1473:
1465:
1136:
1122:
1114:
1008:
58:January 1, 1897 – January 1, 1901
31:
20:
797:. U of Chicago Press. pp. 292, 295.
832:"Index to Politicians: Pincus to Pingry"
677:
675:
673:
621:. Penn State University Press. pp.
398:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
592:
1958:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Detroit)
1923:Republican Party governors of Michigan
708:"The Shoemaker Who Looked Like a King"
701:
699:
297:. At the age of fourteen, he moved to
530:and was unable to return to the U.S.
285:Early life in Maine and Massachusetts
265:policies competed for support of the
7:
1933:American Civil War prisoners of war
951:, Michigan State University Press,
853:Pat Zacharias (September 5, 1999).
440:, to express vehement disapproval.
14:
1988:20th-century Michigan politicians
1983:19th-century Michigan politicians
1973:20th-century American politicians
908:, U. of Michigan PhD dissertation
460:University of Illinois at Chicago
313:In 1862, Pingree enlisted in the
1886:
1192:
566:
220:
893:Holli, Melvin G. Holli (1969),
706:Don Lochbiler (June 11, 1998).
257:businessman turned politician.
889:(1973) 57#2, pp. 151–173.
767:. University Park: PSU Press.
1:
475:
443:During the severe nationwide
751:(retrieved 24 January 2018).
537:Pingree was interred at the
682:Catlin, George B. (2005) .
2004:
1918:People from Denmark, Maine
945:George Fuler, ed. (2004),
855:"The monuments of Detroit"
684:"Chapters CI through CVII"
327:Northern Virginia Campaign
1953:American social reformers
1884:
1503:
1190:
1102:
1093:
1085:
1075:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1043:
1024:
1016:
1011:
992:Hazen S. Pingree (1900),
981:Hazen S. Pingree (1897),
970:Hazen S. Pingree (1895),
902:Holli, Melvin G. (1966),
897:, Oxford University Press
761:Holli, Melvin G. (1999).
574:American Civil War portal
362:Salisbury, North Carolina
331:Second Battle of Bull Run
245:(1889–1897) and the 24th
228:
145:
110:
51:
39:
30:
1012:Party political offices
613:Melvin G. Holli (1999).
339:Spotsylvania Court House
303:Hopkinton, Massachusetts
987:, R. Smith Printing Co.
882:(1999), pp. 35–75.
409:Mount Clemens, Michigan
364:. He was then taken to
1963:Baptists from Michigan
926:, Kessinger Publishing
922:Marden, Orison Swett,
523:
496:Michigan Supreme Court
479:
404:
378:Appomattox Court House
275:William Jennings Bryan
1978:19th-century Baptists
1145:Governors of Michigan
976:, F. B. Dickerson Co.
834:. Political Graveyard
518:Statue of Pingree in
517:
473:
434:Michigan Constitution
402:
1096:Governor of Michigan
1031:Governor of Michigan
932:Michigan Academician
689:The story of Detroit
484:Governor of Michigan
466:Governor of Michigan
430:Detroit City Railway
394:Henry Porter Baldwin
388:Business in Michigan
366:Andersonville prison
289:Pingree was born in
247:governor of Michigan
235:Hazen Stuart Pingree
46:Governor of Michigan
1968:Burials in Michigan
1948:Union Army soldiers
692:. pp. 585–630.
428:, president of the
358:Lynchburg, Virginia
346:Army of the Potomac
16:American politician
1938:Culture of Detroit
1089:John Treadway Rich
1054:Political offices
1020:John Treadway Rich
764:The American Mayor
524:
504:eight-hour workday
480:
445:depression of 1893
405:
85:John Treadway Rich
1928:Mayors of Detroit
1895:
1894:
1496:Mayors of Detroit
1462:
1461:
1155:(1805–1837)
1112:
1111:
1103:Succeeded by
1076:Succeeded by
1062:John Pridgeon Jr.
1044:Succeeded by
958:978-0-87013-723-5
878:Holli, Melvin G.
789:Richard J. Jensen
599:Melvin G. Holli,
582:Grand Circus Park
547:Grand Circus Park
543:Woodlawn Cemetery
520:Grand Circus Park
232:
231:
128:John Pridgeon Jr.
73:Orrin W. Robinson
69:Thomas B. Dunstan
1995:
1890:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1466:
1206:
1196:
1195:
1156:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1115:
1086:Preceded by
1069:Mayor of Detroit
1059:Preceded by
1017:Preceded by
1009:
1000:
988:
977:
966:
965:on June 27, 2007
961:, archived from
927:
915:The Detroit News
909:
898:
887:Michigan History
867:
866:
865:on July 8, 2012.
861:. Archived from
859:The Detroit News
850:
844:
843:
841:
839:
828:
822:
815:
809:
808:
785:
779:
778:
758:
752:
743:
732:
729:
720:
719:
718:on July 9, 2012.
714:. Archived from
712:The Detroit News
703:
694:
693:
679:
668:
665:
659:
658:
648:
631:
630:
620:
610:
604:
597:
576:
571:
570:
569:
539:Elmwood Cemetery
488:William McKinley
477:
421:mayor of Detroit
415:Mayor of Detroit
317:to serve in the
271:William McKinley
224:
181:
164:
162:
150:Personal details
136:
124:
115:
105:Mayor of Detroit
93:
81:
56:
35:
25:Hazen S. Pingree
21:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1882:
1499:
1493:
1463:
1458:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1108:
1099:
1091:
1081:
1079:William Richert
1072:
1064:
1049:
1034:
1022:
1007:
991:
980:
969:
959:
944:
941:
939:Primary sources
921:
901:
892:
875:
873:Further reading
870:
852:
851:
847:
837:
835:
830:
829:
825:
821:(1951), p. 205.
817:Russel B. Nye,
816:
812:
805:
787:
786:
782:
775:
760:
759:
755:
744:
735:
730:
723:
705:
704:
697:
681:
680:
671:
666:
662:
650:
649:
634:
612:
611:
607:
598:
594:
590:
572:
567:
565:
562:
551:Rudolph Schwarz
532:King Edward VII
512:
468:
417:
390:
374:Millen, Georgia
370:General Sherman
311:
287:
273:over silverite
249:(1897–1901). A
212:Frances Gilbert
199:Political party
184:London, England
183:
179:
166:
165:August 30, 1840
160:
158:
140:William Richert
134:
122:
116:
111:
91:
79:
71:
57:
52:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1748:W. B. Thompson
1745:
1740:
1738:W. B. Thompson
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:W. G. Thompson
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1106:Aaron T. Bliss
1104:
1101:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1047:Aaron T. Bliss
1045:
1042:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1005:External links
1003:
1002:
1001:
989:
978:
967:
957:
940:
937:
936:
935:
928:
919:
910:
899:
890:
883:
874:
871:
869:
868:
845:
823:
810:
803:
780:
773:
753:
733:
721:
695:
669:
660:
632:
605:
591:
589:
586:
585:
584:
578:
577:
561:
558:
511:
508:
467:
464:
438:James McMillan
426:Tom L. Johnson
416:
413:
389:
386:
310:
307:
291:Denmark, Maine
286:
283:
267:Populist Party
230:
229:
226:
225:
218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
182:(aged 60)
176:
172:
171:
168:Denmark, Maine
156:
152:
151:
147:
146:
143:
142:
137:
131:
130:
125:
119:
118:
108:
107:
100:
99:
97:Aaron T. Bliss
94:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
66:
60:
59:
49:
48:
41:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2000:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1889:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1200:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1004:
998:
997:
990:
986:
985:
979:
975:
974:
968:
964:
960:
954:
950:
949:
943:
942:
938:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
916:
911:
907:
906:
900:
896:
891:
888:
884:
881:
877:
876:
872:
864:
860:
856:
849:
846:
833:
827:
824:
820:
814:
811:
806:
804:9780226398259
800:
796:
795:
790:
784:
781:
776:
774:0-271-01876-3
770:
766:
765:
757:
754:
750:
748:
742:
740:
738:
734:
728:
726:
722:
717:
713:
709:
702:
700:
696:
691:
690:
685:
678:
676:
674:
670:
664:
661:
656:
655:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
633:
628:
624:
619:
618:
609:
606:
602:
596:
593:
587:
583:
580:
579:
575:
564:
559:
557:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
521:
516:
509:
507:
505:
499:
497:
491:
489:
485:
472:
465:
463:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
414:
412:
410:
401:
397:
395:
387:
385:
383:
382:Robert E. Lee
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:John S. Mosby
347:
342:
341:(May 19–21).
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
308:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
284:
282:
278:
276:
272:
268:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
204:
201:
197:
194:
191:
187:
178:June 18, 1901
177:
173:
169:
157:
153:
148:
144:
141:
138:
132:
129:
126:
120:
114:
109:
106:
101:
98:
95:
89:
86:
83:
77:
74:
70:
67:
65:
61:
55:
50:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1717:
1498:(since 1824)
1328:
1205:(since 1837)
1153:Territorial
1094:
1067:
1029:nominee for
1025:
994:
983:
972:
963:the original
947:
931:
923:
917:Jan 6, 2013'
914:
904:
894:
886:
879:
863:the original
858:
848:
836:. Retrieved
826:
818:
813:
793:
783:
763:
756:
747:Detroit News
746:
731:Holli, 1970.
716:the original
711:
688:
663:
653:
616:
608:
600:
595:
555:
536:
525:
500:
492:
481:
457:
449:Henry George
442:
418:
406:
391:
354:Gordonsville
343:
335:Second Corps
323:General Pope
312:
288:
279:
263:
259:
234:
233:
180:(1901-06-18)
135:Succeeded by
112:
92:Succeeded by
53:
18:
1913:1901 deaths
1908:1840 births
1828:Van Antwerp
1708:Chamberlain
1399:Van Wagoner
838:October 30,
528:peritonitis
368:and, while
299:Saco, Maine
189:Nationality
123:Preceded by
80:Preceded by
1902:Categories
1863:Kilpatrick
1813:F. Couzens
1803:F. Couzens
1758:J. Couzens
1743:Breitmeyer
1553:Trowbridge
1389:Fitzgerald
1379:Fitzgerald
1254:McClelland
1219:Woodbridge
1100:1897–1901
1073:1889–1897
1027:Republican
588:References
522:, Detroit.
453:single tax
315:Union Army
255:Republican
239:Republican
203:Republican
161:1840-08-30
64:Lieutenant
1618:C. Howard
1568:H. Howard
1434:Blanchard
1394:Dickinson
1359:Groesbeck
424:was with
360:, and at
319:Civil War
309:Civil War
241:mayor of
217:Signature
117:1889–1897
113:In office
54:In office
44:24th
1843:Cavanagh
1823:Jeffries
1713:Pridgeon
1703:Grummond
1628:Chandler
1608:Van Dyke
1603:Williams
1593:Houghton
1533:Williams
1528:Kearsley
1518:Kearsley
1508:Williams
1444:Granholm
1429:Milliken
1419:Swainson
1414:Williams
1374:Comstock
1294:Croswell
791:(1971).
560:See also
474:Pingree
329:and the
193:American
1868:Cockrel
1838:Miriani
1818:Reading
1768:Doremus
1728:Maybury
1723:Richert
1718:Pingree
1693:Langdon
1678:Wheaton
1658:C. Buhl
1643:Ledyard
1613:F. Buhl
1598:Pitcher
1588:Pitcher
1454:Whitmer
1369:Brucker
1354:Sleeper
1329:Pingree
1284:Baldwin
1264:Bingham
1259:Parsons
1239:Greenly
603:(1969).
243:Detroit
1878:Duggan
1858:Archer
1848:Gribbs
1798:Murphy
1793:Bowles
1773:Martin
1683:Moffat
1668:Barker
1663:Duncan
1653:Patton
1633:Harmon
1573:Porter
1548:Chapin
1538:Chapin
1523:Biddle
1449:Snyder
1439:Engler
1424:Romney
1409:Sigler
1384:Murphy
1349:Ferris
1344:Osborn
1339:Warner
1319:Winans
1304:Begole
1299:Jerome
1289:Bagley
1269:Wisner
1244:Ransom
1224:Gordon
1203:State
1184:Horner
1174:Porter
955:
801:
771:
749:online
251:Yankee
209:Spouse
170:, U.S.
1853:Young
1808:Smith
1788:Lodge
1783:Smith
1778:Lodge
1763:Lodge
1688:Lewis
1673:Mills
1623:Ladue
1583:Jones
1578:Bates
1404:Kelly
1364:Green
1334:Bliss
1309:Alger
1279:Crapo
1274:Blair
1249:Barry
1234:Felch
1229:Barry
1214:Mason
1179:Mason
623:35–43
510:Death
380:when
295:Maine
103:43rd
1873:Bing
1833:Cobo
1753:Marx
1733:Codd
1648:Hyde
1638:Hyde
1563:Cook
1558:Mack
1543:Cook
1513:Hunt
1324:Rich
1314:Luce
1169:Cass
1164:Hull
1040:1898
1036:1896
996:1900
953:ISBN
840:2010
799:ISBN
769:ISBN
625:and
478:1900
356:and
175:Died
155:Born
627:183
451:'s
325:'s
1904::
1038:,
857:.
736:^
724:^
710:.
698:^
686:.
672:^
635:^
553:.
490:.
476:c.
455:.
1488:e
1481:t
1474:v
1137:e
1130:t
1123:v
842:.
807:.
777:.
629:.
163:)
159:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
