1880:(PPVT). The participants were low-income inner-city black children whose unemployed, economically disadvantaged parents were considered unskilled. The Head Start children had attended for at least five months at the time of testing, including nine boys and 11 girls. The non-enrolled group was on the Head Start waiting list. The control group consisted of 11 boys and nine girls. The groups were matched by family income, parental employment and marital status. The tester tested children at home and in a school or office setting. The Head Start children scored higher than the controls in both settings, which suggested preschool intervention programs may have influenced the result. The controls tested at home scored the lowest, apparently due to anxiety from having an unfamiliar person in their homes. The Head Start children were unaffected by the environmental factor. In evaluating this study vs. others, the relatively small sample size should be noted: 20 children vs. thousands in other studies.
1902:, examined the cognitive development, social-emotional development, and physical health outcomes of 4,667 three- and four-year-old children in a nationally representative sample of programs across 23 states. Children were randomly assigned to either a Head Start group (participants) or a non-Head Start group (control group). The children in the two groups were similar in all measured characteristics at program entry. Pre-participation assessments of all critical outcome measures were taken. Control group children optionally enrolled in non-Head Start programs. Nearly half of the control-group children enrolled in other preschool programs. Outcome measures covered cognitive development, social-emotional development, health status and access to health care, and parenting practices. Head Start students were split into two cohorts – 3-year-olds with two years of Head Start and 4-year-olds with one year of Head Start. The study found:
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not exposed to generous Head Start funding. Another 2021 study found that students enrolled in Head Start ended up having substantially higher high school completion, college enrollment and college completion rates than comparable children who were not enrolled in Head Start. The authors of the study concluded, "these estimates imply sizable, long-term returns to investments in means-tested, public preschool programs." A 2009 study, which compared siblings, found that those who attended Head Start showed stronger academic performance as shown on test scores for years afterward, were less likely to be diagnosed as learning-disabled, less likely to commit crime, more likely to graduate from high school and attend college, and less likely to suffer from poor health as an adult. This study was replicated in a 2020 study which looked at 10 additional birth cohorts, and found a negligible impact.
1865:(Group 2); and 316 children had been enrolled for 2 years, entering at age 3 (Group 3). Academic outcome measures in literacy, math and science were collected based on the Head Start and Early Childhood Program Observational Checklist rating on a 4-point scale (1—not yet to 4—excels. Family risk factor indicators (developed by the State Department of Education) included single parent, unemployed parent, teenage parent, parental loss (divorce/death), low parental school achievement, food insufficiency. Group 3 had higher literacy, math and science scores than the other groups. Children in the high-risk group had significantly lower literacy, math, and science scores than those who had three or fewer risk factors. Head Start is associated with significant gains in test scores. Head Start significantly reduces the probability that a child will repeat a grade.
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intervention, as opposed to comparing Head Start to a nonintervention alternative. Head Start Impact Study First Year
Findings were released in June 2005. Study participants were assigned to either Head Start or other parent–selected community resources for one year. 60% of the children in the control group were placed in other preschools. The first report showed consistent small to moderate advantages to 3-year-old children including pre-reading, pre-vocabulary and parent reports of children's literacy skills. No significant impacts were found for oral comprehension, phonological awareness, or early mathematics skills for either age group. Fewer positive benefits were found for 4-year-olds. The benefits improved with early participation and varied across racial and ethnic groups. These analyses did not assess the benefits' durability.
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children (see 45 CFR 1306.3(h) for a definition of a Head Start Parent). All parent members of the Policy
Council stand for election or re-election annually through individual parent groups. Grantees/Delegates are required to provide proportionate representation to parents in all program options and settings. If agencies operate programs serving different geographical regions or ethnic groups, they must ensure that all groups being served will have an equal opportunity to serve on the Policy Council. The Policy Council is required to meet once each month. The term follows the federal government fiscal year, running November–November. Service on the Policy Council board is limited to at most five one year terms. The meetings are conducted in accordance with
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addition to monthly meetings, Policy
Council may at times need to hold special or emergency meetings or have a phone vote. Policy Council representatives are required to attend classroom meetings and report back to the Policy Council with issues and needs of the classroom. They may also be asked to sit in on interviews as Head Start requires that a Policy Council representative be present for all interviews. The officers of Policy Council include vice-chairperson, secretary, and vice-secretary. Classrooms are also able to elect alternate Policy Council reps in case the main rep is unable to attend the meetings.
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placements. Sustained increases in school achievement are sometimes found, but in other cases flawed research methods produce results that mimic fade-out. In recent years, the federal government has funded large-scale evaluations of Head Start and Early Head Start. Results from the Early Head Start evaluation are particularly informative, as study participants were randomly assigned to either the Early Head Start group or a control group. Early Head Start demonstrated modest improvements in children's development and parent beliefs and behavior."
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936:. Up to 10% of any funded program's enrollment can be from higher income families or families experiencing emergency situations. All programs are required to provide services to children with disabilities, who must comprise 10% of their total enrollment. Per the Head Start Act (2007), programs may elect to serve families whose income is between 100-130% under certain circumstances. Programs must also complete additional reporting requirements if this is appropriate for their community.
670:. They designed a comprehensive child development program intended to help communities meet the needs of disadvantaged preschool children. Rather than proceeding with a smaller pilot program, the decision was made to roll it out on a large scale with the enrollment of 500,000 children in 2,500 communities. The following year it was authorized by Congress as a year–round program. In 1968, Head Start began funding a television series that would eventually be called
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grade, parents reported a significant reduction in total problem behavior and social and behavioral skills. Three-year-olds showed multiple, significant improvements in social and behavioral skills, but only for outcomes assessed by parents. Significant negative effects emerged in teacher relationships as rated by first-grade and third-grade teachers; and no significant positive effects for this cohort were reported by teachers for any elementary year.
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likely to complete high school, attend college and possibly have higher earnings in their early twenties. African-American adults who had attended Head Start were significantly less likely to be booked/charged for a crime. Head Start may increase the likelihood that
African-American males graduate from high school. Separately the authors noted larger effects for younger siblings who attended Head Start after an older sibling.
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providing preschool for them; if it works, it saves money in the long run by producing fewer criminals and welfare recipients ... it is now 45 years later. We spend more than $ 7 billion providing Head Start to nearly 1 million children each year. And finally there is indisputable evidence about the program's effectiveness, provided by the
Department of Health and Human Services: Head Start simply does not work."
1891:"Head Start Fade", in which significant initial impacts quickly fade, has often been observed, as early as second and third grade. One hypothesis is that the decline is because Head Start participants are likely to attend lower-quality schools, which fail to reinforce Head Start gains. Fryer and Levitt found no evidence that Head Start participation had lasting effect on test scores in the early years of school.
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third-grade year for either cohort. Parenting practice changes were significant, but applied only to the three-year-old cohort. Most related to discipline, such as reduced spanking or time-outs. The spanking outcome occurred did not last into the first grade. The significant effect on parental reading to children did not last into kindergarten.
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A 2020 study found that cohorts that attended Head Start had higher incomes and years of education as adults than similar children who did not attend. A 2021 study found that the children exposed to more generous Head Start funding had substantially improved test scores relative to children that were
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and dental check-ups. Meals and snacks are also provided, which can help ease financial pressure on families and improve children's diets. Family advocates assist parents in accessing community resources. All services are specific to each family's culture and experience. Head Start programs also seek
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Military families stationed abroad can apply for Sure Start. Sure Start is the military version of Head Start and is overseen by the
Department of Defense Education Activity. There are four priority tiers for Sure Start, and like Head Start, not all eligible families are guaranteed a spot. The tiers
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Homeless children were included explicitly as subjects with the 2007 re-authorization. Programs must identify and provide services to homeless children of all ages within a reasonable period. The McKinney-Vento
Homeless Assistance Act of 2001 also requires access to early childhood education such as
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program that would teach low-income children in a few weeks what they needed to know to start elementary school. The Head Start Act of 1981 expanded the program. The program was revised and reauthorized in
December 2007. As of late 2005, more than 22 million children had participated. As of June 30,
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Head Start had significant health-related effects, especially in increasing the number of children receiving dental care and having health-insurance coverage. These effects were not consistent, however. For example, while participants increased health-insurance coverage, it did not extend into the
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is up to individual states. Head Start programs typically operate independently from local school districts. Most often they are administered through local social-services agencies. Classes are generally small, with fewer than ten enrollees per adult staff member. Individual programs develop their
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The Policy
Council approval is needed for several program functions, from new hires to the program, as well as for the budget and spending. The Council can serve the program in ways that the others in the program cannot, as it is the only body that is part of Head Start that can do fundraising. In
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Head Start covers families living below the federal poverty line, but there 65% of children under the age of 6 having both their parents (or one parent, if they are a single parent) in the workforce. Hotz and
Wiswall’s research found that for two-parent households, childcare is the most expensive
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According to the Administrative History of the Office of Economic Opportunity, children who finish the program and are placed into disadvantaged schools perform worse than their peers by second grade. Only by isolating such children (such as dispersing and sending them to better-performing school
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A 2005 review of the literature by Barnett and Hustedt found "mixed, but generally positive, evidence regarding Head Start's long-term benefits. Although studies typically find that increases in IQ fade out over time, many other studies also find decreases in grade retention and special education
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In 2002, Garces, Thomas and Currie used data from the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics to review outcomes for close to 4,000 participating adults followed from childhood and compared with non-participant siblings. Among European Americans, adults who had attended Head Start were significantly more
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In 2014, CCR Analytics published the results of their study of 49,467 children assessed in the 2012–2013 school year from 81 Head Start programs throughout the state of California (more than 50% of the entire California Head Start population). Participation in the study was open to all California
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Participants showed fewer significant improvements in social and behavioral skills, even in the Head Start year, with inconsistent results between the three- and four-year-old cohorts. The four-year-old cohort showed no significant improvement in the Head Start year or kindergarten, but in third
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Lee collected data across sixty Head Start classrooms in 2007 and 2008. A sample of 1,260 children ages three to four were selected as the final sample. Of these children, 446 had entered Head Start at age 3 and enrolled for a year (Group 1); 498 had been entered at age 4 and enrolled for a year
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A randomized control study of the pre-k program serving socioeconomically disadvantaged children in Tennessee found short-term gains in language, literacy and math outcomes for pre-k participants compared with children who did not participate, which was also confirmed by a discontinuity analysis
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The Head Start Policy Council makes up part of the Head Start governing body. Policy Council must be composed of two types of representatives: parents of currently enrolled children and community representatives. At least 51% of the members of this group must be the parents of currently enrolled
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A 1995 within–family analysis compared subjects with nonparticipant siblings. Mothers who had themselves been enrolled in Head Start were compared to adult sisters who were not. Currie and Thomas separately analyzed white, black and Hispanic participants. White children showed larger and longer
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In the early years, some 700,000 children enrolled at a per-capita cost of $ 2,000 to $ 3,000 (2011 dollars). Under the full-time program, enrollment dropped to under 400,000 by the early 1970s. Enrollment reached close to 1 million children by 2011. The program has experienced underfunding and
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to provide Head Start for all eligible families, so to enroll in Head Start, families must apply and then be chosen. In 2017, there were 1 million children enrolled in Head Start and Early Head Start, but there were about 19 million children under five in the United States and around 3 million
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The HSIS study concludes, "Head Start has benefits for both 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds in the cognitive, health, and parenting domains, and for 3-year-olds in the social-emotional domain. However, the benefits of access to Head Start at age four are largely absent by 1st grade for the program
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parents. 90% of parents surveyed said that Head Start helped them to get or keep a job. 92% of parents surveyed said that Head Start helped them to enroll in an educational or training program. 99% of families surveyed said that Head Start helped them to improve their parenting skills, such as
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called for the elimination of Head Start, citing an internal report that the program is costly and makes a negligible impact on children's well-being over time. Klein wrote, "You take the million or so poorest 3- and 4-year-old children and give them a leg up on socialization and education by
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In 1998, Congress mandated an intensive study of the effectiveness of Head Start, the "Head Start Impact Study," which studied a target population of 5,000 3- and 4-year-old children. The study measured Head Start's effectiveness as compared to other forms of community support and educational
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Participants showed positive effects in cognitive skills during their Head Start years, including letter-naming, vocabulary, letter-word identification and applied math problems, although the "advantages children gained during their Head Start and age 4 years yielded only a few statistically
1935:, "Head Start Falls Further Behind", Besharov and Call discuss a 1998 evaluation that led to a national reevaluation of the program. The authors stated that research concluded that the current program had little meaningful impact. However, they did not cite primary sources.
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significant differences in outcomes at the end of 1st grade for the sample as a whole. Impacts at the end of kindergarten were scattered. ... " The gains applied to different skills across cohorts and grades, undermining generalizations about program impacts.
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By the end of first grade, only "a single cognitive impact was found for each cohort". Compared to students in the control group, the 4-year-old Head Start cohort did "significantly better" on vocabulary and the 3-year-old cohort tested better in oral
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population as a whole. For 3-year-olds, there are few sustained benefits, although access to the program may lead to improved parent-child relationships through 1st grade, a potentially important finding for children's longer-term development."
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Head Start serves over 1 million children and their families each year in urban and rural areas in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. territories. Related health services include health screenings and check-ups,
562:, and parent involvement services to low-income children and families. It is the oldest and largest program of its kind. The program's services and resources are designed to foster stable family relationships, enhance children's physical and
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imposes diverse developmental challenges that include requiring the children to engage successfully with their peers outside the family network, adjust to the space of a classroom, and meet the expectations the school setting provides.
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In 1994, the Early Head Start program was established to serve children from birth to age three, in an effort to capitalize on research evidence that showed that the first three years are critical to children's long-term development.
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Head Start programs who used the DRDP-PS 2010 assessment tool. The study found that providing two years of Head Start to a child increases the probability by between 13% and 86% that the child will meet age appropriate expectations.
1957:, rebutted Klein, "Weighing all of the evidence and not just that cited by partisans on one side or the other, the most accurate conclusion is that Head Start produces modest benefits including some long-term gains for children."
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shortly after President Kennedy's assassination. The murder shook the nation, and Johnson attempted to gain public trust by passing legacy legislation during the subsequent months. Johnson received an initial briefing from
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The 2011 federal budget for Head Start was $ 8.1 billion. 85% was to be devoted to direct services and no more than 15% on administration, serving approximately one million students. The budget was $ 12 billion in 2023.
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responding to children's misbehavior and helping their children to learn. These results indicate that Head Start has a positive impact on the whole family, beyond the individual children who attend the program.
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Eligibility is largely income-based, although each local program includes other eligibility criteria, such as disabilities and services needed by other family members. Families must earn less than 100% of the
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The individual Head Start classrooms/centers "repay" the grant through a program known as InKind. The Inkind program is a way to get their parents and their students working together on out of class studies.
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the opportunity to attend Head Start. The analysis compared three-year-olds enrolled in Head Start to four-year-olds who returned to Head Start for their second year. This also eliminated the issue of
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1700:(ACF) Regional Offices and the American Indian – Alaska Native and Migrant and Seasonal Program Branches directly to local public agencies, private organizations, Indian tribes and school systems.
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Family and Community Partnerships engage and support parents to identify and meet their own goals, nurture their children, and advocate for communities that support children and families.
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All lead teachers must have a bachelor's degree or be working towards one. Most have completed six or more courses in early-childhood education. By 2013, all teachers were to have
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Local grantees must provide a 20% cash/in-kind match. Each local grantee is required to obtain an annual financial audit, if it receives more than $ 500,000 in federal support.
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The federal poverty line measure is not absolute, and it changes yearly to account for inflation. Families may also qualify under a categorical eligibility category—receipt of
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Migrant and Seasonal services are for children of migrant and seasonal farm workers. Service hours are longer and programs extend for fewer months than traditional Head Start.
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Lee, K. (2011). "Impacts of the duration of Head Start enrollment on children's academic outcomes: Moderation effects of family risk factors and earlier outcomes".
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In 2015, CCR Analytics, formerly Child Care Analytics, published the results of their Family Outcomes Survey completed by nearly 11,600 California Head Start and
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848:. Programs may accept up to 10% of the total children over poverty given the program has unfilled spots and the over poverty is less than 130%.
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Early Head Start promotes healthy prenatal outcomes, healthy families, as well as infant and toddler development beginning as early as birth.
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2315:"Biden-Harris Administration Proposes New Rule to Strengthen the Head Start Workforce, Increase Wages & Support Quality Programming"
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643:, had been prepared for Congress. The legislation included training, educational, and service programs for communities, including the
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3218:"Effects of place of testing on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores of disadvantaged Head Start and non-Head Start children"
2098:"Patterns of School Readiness Among Head Start Children: Meaningful Within-Group Variability During the Transition to Kindergarten"
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launched Project Head Start as an eight-week summer program in 1965. The program was led by Dr. Robert Cooke, a pediatrician at
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Valerie E. Lee; Susanna Loeb (Spring 1995). "Where Do Head Start Attendees End up? One Reason Why Preschool Effects Fade Out".
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In 1975, Seitz, Abelson, Levine and Zigler compared disadvantaged children enrolled and not enrolled in Head Start, using the
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As of 2003, the average Head Start teacher made $ 21,000 per year, compared to the public school teacher average of $ 43,000.
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2516:"Head Start Categorical Eligibility for Families Eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program | ECLKC"
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Head Start helps to create healthy development and early childhood education in low-income children ages three to five.
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793:. The meeting day and time is agreed upon during the first meeting of the term year and may be adjusted as needed.
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outside their rent or mortgage; in perspective, the median percent of income that goes towards childcare is 30%.
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2930:"Prep School for Poor Kids: The Long-Run Impacts of Head Start on Human Capital and Economic Self-Sufficiency"
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2884:"Public Investments in Early Childhood Education and Academic Performance: Evidence from Head Start in Texas"
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S. Barnett (Winter 1995). "Long Term Effects of Early Childhood Programs on Cognitive and School Outcomes".
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Lubeck, Sally; DeVries, Mary; Nicholson, Julie; Post, Jackie (July 1997). "Head Start in Transition".
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under-enrollment in recent years. In 2023, there were about 820,000 children enrolled in the program.
639:, who informed Johnson of Kennedy's poverty program. By March 1964, the legislation, now known as the
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3610:"Assessing New Zealand child day care quality using the early childhood environment rating scale (1)"
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Eliana Garces; Duncan Thomas; Janet Currie (September 2002). "Longer-Term Effects of Head Start".
2007:, an Academy Award–nominated documentary on children and nutrition produced for Project Head Start
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2604:"Biden's plan would raise salaries for Head Start teachers but could leave fewer spots for kids"
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3023:"Access to Head Start and Maternal Labor Supply: Experimental and Quasi-experimental Evidence"
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Barnett, W. Steven; Hustedt, Jason T. (January–March 2005). "Head Start's Lasting Benefits".
2342:"Looming shutdown rattles families who rely on Head Start program for disadvantaged children"
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A 2022 study found that Head Start increased the employment and earnings of single mothers.
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Head Start serves indigenous Americans with centers on reservations and in urban communities.
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2987:"Early Childhood Intervention and Life-Cycle Skill Development: Evidence from Head Start"
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566:, and establish an environment to develop strong cognitive skills. The transition from
2788:"A Social History of Ideas Pertaining to Childcare in France and in the United States"
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McWayne, C. M., Cheung, K.; Wright, L.; Hahs-Vaughn, D.L.; Thomas, D. (August 2012).
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2827:"Head Start and the Distribution of Long-Term Education and Labor Market Outcomes"
2050:"Elusive Longer-Run Impacts of Head Start: Replications Within and Across Cohorts"
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3563:"Child Care and Child Care Policy: Existing Policies, Their Effects, and Reforms"
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Pages, Remy; Lukes, Dylan J.; Bailey, Drew H.; Duncan, Greg J. (December 2020).
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are based on the sponsor's rank and are, in order, E1-E4, E5, E6-E7, and E8-E9.
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623:, civil rights organizer, national education policy adviser, and creator of the
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Understanding the blacK-white test score gap in the first two years of school
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own academic and social curricula, following federal performance standards.
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2726:"Bill to Expand Head Start, Bolster Its Teacher Qualifications Is Approved"
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2367:"Head Start Program Performance Standards Part 1301 — Program Governance"
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and Bernice H. Fleiss, Head Start was originally conceived as a catch-up
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Outreach and Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers
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Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Head Start
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2215:"ACF Home » Office of Head Start » About » Leadership"
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1953:, director of the National Institute for Early Education Research at
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Administrative History of the Office of Economic Opportunity, Vol. I
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2826:
3731:
3440:"Head Start Impact: Department of Health and Human Services Report"
3038:
2842:
2699:"The Dubious Promise of Universal Preschool > Publications >"
1857:
because both groups chose to attend Head Start as three-year-olds.
615:
campaign. Its justification came from the staff of the President's
3567:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
3299:
1808:
627:
Program, is also credited with initiating the Head Start program.
594:
38:
3688:
3217:
4326:
3806:
4016:
United States House of Representatives special elections, 1937
3751:
3683:
3671:
2668:, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, archived from
2585:"Prior HHS Poverty Guidelines and Federal Register References"
2221:. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. May 16, 2018
1750:
721:
587:
2023, the current director of Head Start is Dr. Khari Garvin.
2393:
The Head Start Child Development and Early Learning Framework
932:(SNAP), Supplemental Security funds, or Homeless, as per the
3465:
Besharov, Douglas J.; Call, Douglas M. (February 7, 2009).
2466:"HHS Poverty Guidelines for 2023 - HealthCare.gov Glossary"
3726:
3741:
3664:
US government—Administration for Children & Families
2928:
Bailey, Martha J.; Sun, Shuqiao; Timpe, Brenden (2021).
2432:
1824:
speaks about how Head Start changed his life as a child.
3736:
3706:
2043:
2041:
1202:
Federal Register 2010 (Jan)Federal Register 2010 (Aug)
4581:
Single Family Housing Direct Home Loans (Section 502)
4021:
1938 United States House of Representatives elections
3493:"Time to Ax Public Programs That Don't Yield Results"
2825:
De Haan, Monique; Leuven, Edwin (September 3, 2019).
2769:"NIEER Fact Sheet on Head Start Teachers – July 2003"
2701:. National Affairs. December 20, 2013. Archived from
1848:
was used to measure program impact without denying a
686:
In 1969, Head Start was transferred to the Office of
552:
United States Department of Health and Human Services
811:
to support children's social emotional development.
4644:
4543:
4517:
4496:
4420:
4397:
4361:
4207:
4123:
4006:
3946:
3887:
578:Launched in 1965 by its creator and first director
4509:Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant
3216:Seitz, V. Abelson, W., Levine, E. & Zigler, E.
2096:
4683:Administration for Children and Families programs
3794:documentary "Head Start in Mississippi" from 1967
2527:
2525:
1861:(Lip, Farran, Bilbrey, Hofer, & Dong, 2011).
27:U.S. federal aid program for low-income childcare
4488:Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations
3359:S. Barnett (1993). "Does Head Start Fade Out?".
3279:Currie, Janet; Thomas, Duncan (September 1998).
666:, a professor of psychology and director of the
2301:"Jule Sugarman, Head Start Founder, Dies at 83"
1726:Teachers are also required to complete a (CDA)
4688:Early childhood education in the United States
3515:Does Head Start work for kids? The bottom line
3206:, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
3187:, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
834:Head Start for homeless children and families.
4338:
4066:Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960
3818:
3689:Early Childhood Learning and Knowledge Center
3652:Sarge: The Life and Times of Sargent Shriver,
2340:Hollingsworth, Heather (September 29, 2023).
528:
8:
4355:social welfare programs in the United States
4046:United States Senate special elections, 1941
2994:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
2132:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1738:While Head Start is a national program, the
692:Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
30:For the experimental Air Force program, see
756:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4345:
4331:
4323:
3988:Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs
3973:Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park
3825:
3811:
3803:
3676:
3561:Hotz, V. Joseph; Wiswall, Matthew (2019).
3326:Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
2054:Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
1888:lasting improvements than black children.
945:
535:
521:
52:
4693:Early childhood educational organizations
4631:Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program
4453:School meal programs in the United States
4433:Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
3433:
3431:
3429:
3298:
3247:
3150:
3046:
3005:
2961:
2850:
1797:Learn how and when to remove this message
930:Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
776:Learn how and when to remove this message
102:History of education in the United States
4708:1964 establishments in the United States
4601:Government National Mortgage Association
4110:1960 United States presidential election
3963:Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum
2275:Lyndon B. Johnson and the War on Poverty
2248:. University of Chicago Press. pp.
2219:Administration for Children and Families
1698:Administration for Children and Families
850:
704:Administration for Children and Families
4713:Federal assistance in the United States
4369:Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
3798:American Archive of Public Broadcasting
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2037:
1970:children under five living in poverty.
1896:Department of Health and Human Services
696:Department of Health and Human Services
452:
226:
134:
79:
66:
4561:Child care and development block grant
3021:Wikle, Jocelyn; Wilson, Riley (2022).
2125:
1777:Please improve this section by adding
1716:in a related field and half must have
926:Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
607:Head Start began as part of President
3556:
3554:
3552:
2923:
2921:
2193:(Fifth ed.). Pearson Education.
1928:districts) could gains be sustained.
127:History of education in New York City
117:History of education in Massachusetts
7:
4566:HOME Investment Partnerships Program
4448:Nutrition Assistance for Puerto Rico
4384:Social Security Disability Insurance
4133:Lyndon B. Johnson in popular culture
3968:Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland
3786:National Bureau of Economic Research
3781:The Center for Law and Social Policy
3654:2004, Smithsonian Books, Washington.
3608:Farquhar, Sarah-Eve (January 1989).
3438:Weigel, Margaret (August 11, 2011).
3281:"Does Head Start Make a Difference?"
2152:"Does Head Start Make A Difference?"
754:adding citations to reliable sources
4535:Children's Health Insurance Program
4428:Commodity Supplemental Food Program
4412:Office of Public and Indian Housing
4095:Democratic National Convention 1956
4051:1948 United States Senate elections
3857:Vice President of the United States
3846:36th President of the United States
2602:Seitz, Amanda (November 22, 2023).
2407:"American Indian and Alaska Native"
4217:Claudia "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson
2559:"Sure Start for Military Children"
25:
4551:Community Development Block Grant
4463:Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
4443:Child and Adult Care Food Program
3712:New England Head Start (Region 1)
3467:"Head Start Falls Further Behind"
2724:Glod, Maria (November 15, 2007).
2630:Early Education & Development
2107:Journal of Educational Psychology
603:visits a Head Start class in 1966
4306:
4305:
3614:Early Child Development and Care
3258:10.1097/00001163-200501000-00003
2491:"Beyond the Poverty Line (SSIR)"
1755:
726:
641:Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
504:
493:
122:History of education in Missouri
112:History of education in Kentucky
3707:National Head Start Association
3112:Journal of Community Psychology
3079:"Family Outcomes Bulletin 2015"
1878:Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
1846:Regression discontinuity design
814:Programs and services include:
107:History of education in Chicago
4698:Education in the United States
4556:Community Services Block Grant
3978:Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
3097:"2014 Child Outcomes Bulletin"
702:. Today the program is in the
681:Children's Television Workshop
652:Office of Economic Opportunity
442:Full-service community schools
1:
3993:Memorial Grove on the Potomac
3695:Office of Regional Operations
2751:"Head Start Act Section 648A"
2448:"Part C - Homeless Education"
2189:Gonzalez-Mena, Janet (2009).
1779:secondary or tertiary sources
4379:Supplemental Security Income
3442:. Journalist's Resource.org.
3236:Infants & Young Children
3200:First year executive summary
3139:The American Economic Review
2786:Burger, K. (April 3, 2012).
2240:Vinovskis, Maris A. (2005).
2191:Child, Family, and Community
617:Council of Economic Advisers
554:that provides comprehensive
4478:Nutrition Assistance Grants
4468:Summer Food Service Program
4152:The Years of Lyndon Johnson
3491:Klein, Joe (July 7, 2011).
2177:Memorandum of Understanding
2016:Southwest Human Development
1728:Child Development Associate
964:Page with Complete Details
854:2023 Federal Poverty Level
420:For-profit higher education
4729:
3923:Texas Broadcasting Company
3769:December 25, 2016, at the
3027:Journal of Labor Economics
2888:Journal of Human Resources
2831:Journal of Labor Economics
2642:10.1207/s15566935eed0803_2
2452:US Department of Education
1696:Grants are awarded by the
373:School corporal punishment
44:Washtenaw County, Michigan
29:
4611:HUD Neighborhood Networks
4274:
3983:Lyndon Baines Johnson Day
3840:
3764:The Head Start Experience
3161:10.1257/00028280260344560
2792:Journal of Social History
853:
556:early childhood education
408:School-to-work transition
4576:Mutual self-help housing
4458:School Breakfast Program
4259:George Washington Baines
3911:Civil Rights Act of 1960
3906:Civil Rights Act of 1957
3626:10.1080/0300443890470105
3579:10.1177/0002716219884078
3286:American Economic Review
2934:American Economic Review
2896:10.3368/jhr.0419-10147R2
2159:American Economic Review
2066:10.3102/0162373720948884
706:(ACF) division of DHHS.
660:Johns Hopkins University
656:Community Action Program
511:United States portal
57:This article is part of
4247:Samuel Ealy Johnson Sr.
4235:Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr.
4223:Lynda Bird Johnson Robb
3865:U.S. Senator from Texas
3701:Head Start Associations
3422:, University of Chicago
2532:Communications, DoDEA.
2244:The Birth of Head Start
1988:Arkansas Early Learning
668:Yale Child Study Center
229:Education policy issues
198:Environmental education
4703:Great Society programs
4591:Urban Partnership Bank
4544:Grants & subsidies
4389:Unemployment insurance
4161:(1991 television film)
3895:Early years and career
3747:Region VIII Head Start
3532:"How to Apply | ECLKC"
3413:Fryer; Levitt (2004),
3380:The Future of Children
1993:Compensatory Education
1825:
1766:relies excessively on
1678:Federal Register 1982
1661:Federal Register 1983
1644:Federal Register 1984
1627:Federal Register 1985
1610:Federal Register 1986
1593:Federal Register 1987
1576:Federal Register 1988
1559:Federal Register 1989
1542:Federal Register 1990
1525:Federal Register 1991
1508:Federal Register 1992
1491:Federal Register 1993
1474:Federal Register 1994
1457:Federal Register 1995
1440:Federal Register 1996
1423:Federal Register 1997
1406:Federal Register 1998
1389:Federal Register 1999
1372:Federal Register 2000
1355:Federal Register 2001
1338:Federal Register 2002
1321:Federal Register 2003
1304:Federal Register 2004
1287:Federal Register 2005
1270:Federal Register 2006
1253:Federal Register 2007
1236:Federal Register 2008
1219:Federal Register 2009
1185:Federal Register 2011
1168:Federal Register 2012
1151:Federal Register 2013
1134:Federal Register 2014
1117:Federal Register 2015
1100:Federal Register 2016
1083:Federal Register 2017
1066:Federal Register 2018
1049:Federal Register 2019
1032:Federal Register 2020
1015:Federal Register 2021
998:Federal Register 2022
981:Federal Register 2023
958:Each Additional Person
947:HHS POVERTY REGISTER
604:
366:Standards-based reform
341:Gender achievement gap
331:Racial achievement gap
264:Educational attainment
50:
4645:State & territory
4586:NeighborWorks America
3722:Region III Head Start
3536:eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov
2150:; Thomas, D. (1995).
2004:Jenny Is a Good Thing
1942:magazine's columnist
1931:In an op-ed piece in
1894:A 2010 report by the
1820:
846:federal poverty level
801:Services and programs
598:
432:Research universities
299:Student financial aid
294:Graduate unemployment
269:Post-secondary issues
245:Primary and secondary
208:Mathematics education
46:Head Start school in
42:
4473:Special Milk Program
4253:Joseph Wilson Baines
3737:Region VI Head Start
3727:Region IV Head Start
3684:Office of Head Start
2946:10.1257/aer.20181801
2775:on October 27, 2008.
2757:on October 12, 2008.
2665:Head Start factsheet
1965:There is not enough
750:improve this section
700:Nixon Administration
678:Carnegie Corporation
630:Johnson started the
564:emotional well-being
550:is a program of the
500:Education portal
336:Desegregation busing
289:Elite overproduction
218:Vocational education
32:Operation Head Start
4407:Section 8 (housing)
4261:(great-grandfather)
4241:Sam Houston Johnson
4229:Luci Baines Johnson
3873:U.S. Representative
3758:General Information
3752:Region 9 Head Start
3742:Region 7 Head Start
3732:Region V Head Start
3717:Region 2 Head Start
3519:The Washington Post
3007:10.1257/app.1.3.111
2985:Deming, D. (2009).
2882:Kose, Esra (2021).
2730:The Washington Post
2672:on January 15, 2010
2321:. November 15, 2023
948:
453:Levels of education
425:For-profit colleges
393:Foreign involvement
4571:Housing trust fund
4504:Head Start Program
4483:Reduced-price meal
3998:U.S. Postage stamp
3901:Southern Manifesto
3513:Valerie Strauss, "
3471:The New York Times
3124:10.1002/jcop.20462
2804:10.1093/jsh/shr144
2563:Military OneSource
1967:government funding
1955:Rutgers University
1933:The New York Times
1826:
1718:bachelor's degrees
1685:Budget and funding
961:Four Person Family
946:
934:McKinney-Vento Act
676:, operated by the
605:
415:Community colleges
361:School segregation
279:Cost and financing
203:Language education
51:
18:Head Start program
4670:
4669:
4616:Renewal community
4362:Transfer payments
4320:
4319:
4298:Hubert Humphrey →
4280:← John F. Kennedy
3928:Johnson Amendment
3834:Lyndon B. Johnson
3222:Child Development
2940:(12): 3963–4001.
2518:. April 20, 2022.
2413:on March 17, 2017
1951:W. Steven Barnett
1900:Head Start Impact
1818:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1714:associate degrees
1682:
1681:
922:
921:
786:
785:
778:
688:Child Development
664:Dr. Edward Zigler
609:Lyndon B. Johnson
601:Lady Bird Johnson
572:elementary school
545:
544:
398:Special education
388:Sexual harassment
181:Medical education
135:Curriculum topics
71:
48:Superior Township
16:(Redirected from
4720:
4621:Empowerment zone
4606:FHA insured loan
4518:Health Insurance
4347:
4340:
4333:
4324:
4309:
4308:
3880:
3868:
3860:
3849:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3804:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3672:Official website
3638:
3637:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3558:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3528:
3522:
3521:, March 5, 2013.
3511:
3505:
3504:
3503:on July 9, 2011.
3499:. Archived from
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3251:
3231:
3225:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3154:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3050:
3033:(4): 1081–1127.
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
2991:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2854:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2798:(4): 1005–1025.
2783:
2777:
2776:
2771:. Archived from
2765:
2759:
2758:
2753:. Archived from
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2705:on April 8, 2014
2695:
2674:
2673:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2565:. March 12, 2021
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2409:. Archived from
2403:
2397:
2396:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2278:, archived from
2270:
2264:
2263:
2247:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2186:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2123:
2120:10.1037/a0028884
2103:
2100:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2045:
1837:Early Head Start
1819:
1802:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1759:
1751:
949:
851:
808:eye examinations
781:
774:
770:
767:
761:
730:
722:
537:
530:
523:
509:
508:
507:
498:
497:
437:Community school
356:Racial diversity
326:Achievement gaps
230:
92:in insular areas
74:
70:Education in the
69:
53:
21:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4640:
4539:
4513:
4492:
4416:
4393:
4374:Social Security
4357:
4351:
4321:
4316:
4294:← Richard Nixon
4287:Richard Nixon →
4270:
4203:
4119:
4002:
3948:
3942:
3918:Operation Texas
3883:
3871:
3863:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3771:Wayback Machine
3760:
3703:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3661:
3650:Scott Stossel.
3647:
3645:Further reading
3642:
3641:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3560:
3559:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3512:
3508:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3455:, p. 252, Box 1
3451:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3427:
3419:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3392:10.2307/1602366
3377:
3376:
3372:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3338:10.2307/1164270
3323:
3322:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3249:10.1.1.644.8716
3233:
3232:
3228:
3215:
3211:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3145:(4): 999–1012.
3136:
3135:
3131:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3020:
3019:
3015:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2677:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2285:
2283:
2282:on May 16, 2015
2272:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2170:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2124:
2101:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2034:
1984:
1963:
1809:
1803:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1776:
1772:primary sources
1760:
1749:
1736:
1710:
1687:
943:
841:
803:
782:
771:
765:
762:
747:
731:
720:
698:(DHHS)) by the
593:
541:
505:
503:
502:
492:
466:Early childhood
448:
383:School violence
316:Charter schools
228:
222:
191:Nursing degrees
169:Legal education
164:Music education
159:Civic education
97:By subject area
72:
68:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4726:
4724:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4675:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4399:Public housing
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4327:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4148:
4143:
4135:
4129:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3933:Box 13 scandal
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3869:
3861:
3850:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3681:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:External links
3657:
3656:
3655:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3600:
3573:(1): 310–338.
3548:
3523:
3506:
3483:
3457:
3445:
3425:
3405:
3370:
3361:Education Week
3351:
3313:
3293:(3): 341–364.
3271:
3226:
3209:
3190:
3174:
3129:
3118:(6): 698–716.
3102:
3088:
3070:
3039:10.1086/720980
3013:
3000:(3): 111–134.
2977:
2917:
2874:
2843:10.1086/706090
2837:(3): 727–765.
2817:
2778:
2760:
2742:
2716:
2675:
2655:
2636:(3): 219–244.
2620:
2594:
2576:
2550:
2521:
2507:
2482:
2457:
2439:
2424:
2398:
2383:
2358:
2332:
2306:
2292:
2265:
2259:978-0226856728
2258:
2232:
2206:
2200:978-0135132302
2199:
2181:
2168:
2139:
2114:(3): 862–878.
2087:
2060:(4): 471–492.
2036:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1962:
1959:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1915:comprehension.
1912:
1908:
1855:selection bias
1805:
1804:
1763:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1740:implementation
1735:
1732:
1709:
1706:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
966:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
928:(TANF) funds,
920:
919:
916:
912:
911:
908:
904:
903:
900:
896:
895:
892:
888:
887:
884:
880:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
864:
863:
860:
856:
855:
840:
837:
836:
835:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
802:
799:
791:Robert's Rules
784:
783:
766:September 2024
734:
732:
725:
719:
718:Policy Council
716:
632:War on Poverty
592:
589:
543:
542:
540:
539:
532:
525:
517:
514:
513:
489:
488:
487:
486:
481:
478:Post-secondary
455:
454:
450:
449:
447:
446:
445:
444:
434:
429:
428:
427:
417:
412:
411:
410:
403:Apprenticeship
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
369:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
308:
307:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
266:
261:
254:
253:
252:
250:Post-secondary
247:
236:
233:
232:
224:
223:
221:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
194:
193:
188:
186:Medical school
178:
177:
176:
166:
161:
156:
151:
149:Normal schools
146:
140:
137:
136:
132:
131:
130:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
82:
81:
77:
76:
64:
63:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4725:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4353:Contemporary
4348:
4343:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4313:
4312:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4255:(grandfather)
4254:
4251:
4249:(grandfather)
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4141:advertisement
4140:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3620:(1): 93–105.
3619:
3615:
3611:
3604:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3484:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3301:
3300:10.3386/w4406
3296:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3152:10.1.1.196.91
3148:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3084:
3083:CCR Analytics
3080:
3074:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2621:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2539:
2538:www.dodea.edu
2535:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2384:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2236:
2233:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2099:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1850:control group
1847:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1823:
1822:Angel Taveras
1801:
1798:
1790:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1764:This section
1762:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1730:certificate.
1729:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
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735:This section
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697:
693:
689:
684:
682:
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674:
673:Sesame Street
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
637:Walter Heller
633:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:Great Society
610:
602:
597:
590:
588:
585:
584:summer school
581:
580:Jule Sugarman
576:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
538:
533:
531:
526:
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518:
516:
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491:
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485:
484:Organizations
482:
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352:
351:School choice
349:
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342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
305:
304:Student loans
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
284:Credentialism
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
259:
255:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
241:
240:Accreditation
238:
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235:
234:
231:
225:
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216:
214:
213:Sex education
211:
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201:
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154:Art education
152:
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78:
75:
73:United States
65:
62:
60:
55:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4304:
4285:
4278:
4267:(son-in-law)
4196:
4188:
4173:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4146:Johnson cult
4138:
4125:Public image
3958:Bibliography
3938:Bashir Ahmad
3791:
3651:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3570:
3566:
3539:. Retrieved
3535:
3526:
3509:
3501:the original
3496:
3486:
3474:. Retrieved
3470:
3460:
3448:
3415:
3408:
3386:(3): 25–50.
3383:
3379:
3373:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3332:(1): 62–82.
3329:
3325:
3304:. Retrieved
3290:
3284:
3274:
3242:(1): 16–24.
3239:
3235:
3229:
3221:
3212:
3199:
3193:
3184:Impact study
3183:
3177:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3091:
3082:
3073:
3048:10419/250541
3030:
3026:
3016:
2997:
2993:
2980:
2937:
2933:
2887:
2877:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2773:the original
2763:
2755:the original
2745:
2733:. Retrieved
2729:
2719:
2707:. Retrieved
2703:the original
2670:the original
2664:
2658:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2613:February 11,
2611:. Retrieved
2607:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2567:. Retrieved
2562:
2553:
2541:. Retrieved
2537:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2495:aspe.hhs.gov
2494:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2470:aspe.hhs.gov
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2411:the original
2401:
2392:
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
2351:February 11,
2349:. Retrieved
2345:
2335:
2325:February 11,
2323:. Retrieved
2318:
2309:
2295:
2284:, retrieved
2280:the original
2274:
2268:
2243:
2235:
2225:November 20,
2223:. Retrieved
2218:
2209:
2190:
2184:
2171:
2162:
2158:
2142:
2128:cite journal
2111:
2105:
2090:
2057:
2053:
2026:Upward Bound
2011:Project STAR
2002:
1972:
1964:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1842:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1793:
1784:
1765:
1737:
1725:
1722:
1711:
1702:
1695:
1692:
1688:
955:First Person
942:
938:
923:
859:Family Size
842:
813:
804:
795:
787:
772:
763:
748:Please help
736:
712:
708:
685:
671:
649:
629:
625:Upward Bound
606:
577:
547:
546:
460:
378:School meals
345:
256:
56:
36:
4662:Puerto Rico
4199:(2017 film)
4191:(2014 film)
4174:All the Way
4169:(2002 film)
4167:Path to War
3879:(1937–1949)
3867:(1949–1961)
3859:(1961–1963)
3848:(1963–1969)
3792:NET Journal
3476:February 8,
2852:10852/74324
2534:"Preschool"
2319:www.hhs.gov
839:Eligibility
694:(later the
621:Stan Salett
599:First Lady
4677:Categories
4652:California
4265:Chuck Robb
4231:(daughter)
4225:(daughter)
4088:withdrawal
3947:Legacy and
3691:(official)
2148:Currie, J.
2032:References
2021:Sure Start
1768:references
1734:Operations
1165:($ 23,050)
1148:($ 23,550)
1131:($ 23,850)
1114:($ 24,250)
1097:($ 24,300)
1080:($ 24,600)
1063:($ 25,100)
1046:($ 25,750)
1029:($ 26,200)
1012:($ 26,500)
995:($ 27,750)
978:($ 30,000)
558:, health,
548:Head Start
346:Head Start
321:Inequality
174:Law school
4497:Education
4243:(brother)
4182:2016 film
4178:2012 play
4008:Elections
3950:memorials
3634:0300-4430
3595:210683897
3587:0002-7162
3244:CiteSeerX
3147:CiteSeerX
3065:232045060
3057:0734-306X
2954:0002-8282
2912:231906512
2904:0022-166X
2861:0734-306X
2812:0022-4529
2650:1040-9289
2569:April 10,
2543:April 10,
2417:March 16,
2286:April 30,
2165:(3): 341.
2074:0162-3737
1998:HighScope
1944:Joe Klein
1938:In 2011,
1641:( 10,200)
1624:( 10,650)
1607:( 11,000)
1590:( 11,200)
1573:( 11,650)
1556:( 12,100)
1539:( 12,700)
1522:( 13,400)
1505:( 13,950)
1488:( 14,350)
1471:( 14,800)
1454:( 15,150)
1437:( 15,600)
1420:( 16,050)
1403:( 16,450)
1386:( 16,700)
1369:( 17,050)
1352:( 17,650)
1335:( 18,100)
1318:( 18,400)
1301:( 18,850)
1284:( 19,350)
1267:( 20,000)
1250:( 20,650)
1233:( 21,200)
1216:( 22,050)
1199:( 22,050)
1182:( 22,350)
918:$ 50,560
910:$ 45,420
902:$ 40,280
894:$ 35,140
886:$ 30,000
878:$ 24,860
870:$ 19,720
737:does not
645:Job Corps
568:preschool
560:nutrition
474:Secondary
258:Financing
4657:New York
4636:Lifeline
4530:Medicaid
4525:Medicare
4311:Category
4237:(father)
4076:campaign
3767:Archived
3169:12458311
2972:35418710
2890:: 0419.
2869:44049841
2735:June 10,
2709:April 8,
2082:85530116
1982:See also
1787:May 2024
1708:Teachers
1675:( 9,300)
1658:( 9,900)
1159:$ 11,170
1142:$ 11,490
1125:$ 11,670
1108:$ 11,770
1091:$ 11,880
1074:$ 12,060
1057:$ 12,140
1040:$ 12,490
1023:$ 12,760
1006:$ 12,880
989:$ 13,590
972:$ 14,580
144:Literacy
88:By state
59:a series
4596:HOPE VI
3796:at the
3541:May 10,
3400:1602366
3346:1164270
3306:May 14,
3266:7617558
2963:9005064
2608:AP News
2500:May 30,
2475:May 30,
2346:AP News
1162:$ 3,960
1145:$ 4,020
1128:$ 4,060
1111:$ 4,160
1077:$ 4,180
1060:$ 4,320
1043:$ 4,420
1026:$ 4,480
1009:$ 4,540
992:$ 4,720
975:$ 5,140
862:Income
758:removed
743:sources
690:in the
683:(CTW).
591:History
470:Primary
80:Summary
4219:(wife)
4209:Family
3632:
3593:
3585:
3398:
3344:
3264:
3246:
3224:, 1975
3167:
3149:
3063:
3055:
2970:
2960:
2952:
2910:
2902:
2867:
2859:
2810:
2648:
2434:NAEHCY
2376:May 1,
2256:
2197:
2080:
2072:
1961:Access
1747:Impact
1244:10,210
1227:10,400
1210:10,830
1193:10,830
1176:10,890
1094:Varies
662:, and
311:Reform
274:Bubble
4189:Selma
4139:Daisy
3899:1956
3877:TX–10
3591:S2CID
3420:(PDF)
3396:JSTOR
3367:: 40.
3342:JSTOR
3262:S2CID
3204:(PDF)
3165:S2CID
3061:S2CID
2990:(PDF)
2908:S2CID
2865:S2CID
2252:–37.
2175:FDA.
2155:(PDF)
2102:(PDF)
2078:S2CID
1672:1,540
1669:4,680
1655:1,680
1652:4,860
1638:1,740
1635:4,980
1621:1,800
1618:5,250
1604:1,880
1601:5,360
1587:1,900
1584:5,500
1570:1,960
1567:5,770
1553:2,040
1550:5,980
1536:2,140
1533:6,280
1519:2,260
1516:6,620
1502:2,380
1499:6,810
1485:2,460
1482:6,970
1468:2,480
1465:7,360
1451:2,560
1448:7,470
1434:2,620
1431:7,740
1417:2,720
1414:7,890
1400:2,800
1397:8,050
1383:2,820
1380:8,240
1366:2,900
1363:8,350
1349:3,020
1346:8,590
1332:3,080
1329:8,860
1315:3,140
1312:8,980
1298:3,180
1295:9,310
1281:3,260
1278:9,570
1264:3,400
1261:9,800
1247:3,480
1230:3,600
1213:3,740
1196:3,740
1179:3,820
4421:Food
4115:1964
4105:1964
4100:1960
4083:1968
4071:1964
4061:1960
4056:1954
4041:1946
4036:1944
4031:1942
4026:1940
3888:Life
3875:for
3854:37th
3630:ISSN
3583:ISSN
3543:2021
3497:Time
3478:2011
3308:2021
3053:ISSN
2968:PMID
2950:ISSN
2900:ISSN
2857:ISSN
2808:ISSN
2737:2013
2711:2014
2646:ISSN
2615:2024
2589:ASPE
2571:2021
2545:2021
2502:2023
2477:2023
2419:2017
2378:2020
2353:2024
2327:2024
2288:2013
2254:ISBN
2227:2018
2195:ISBN
2134:link
2070:ISSN
1976:cost
1940:Time
1666:1982
1649:1983
1632:1984
1615:1985
1598:1986
1581:1987
1564:1988
1547:1989
1530:1990
1513:1991
1496:1992
1479:1993
1462:1994
1445:1995
1428:1996
1411:1997
1394:1998
1377:1999
1360:2000
1343:2001
1326:2002
1309:2003
1292:2004
1275:2005
1258:2006
1241:2007
1224:2008
1207:2009
1190:2010
1173:2011
1156:2012
1139:2013
1122:2014
1105:2015
1088:2016
1071:2017
1054:2018
1037:2019
1020:2020
1003:2021
986:2022
969:2023
952:YEAR
741:any
739:cite
650:The
476:) –
462:K–12
90:and
4438:WIC
4197:LBJ
4159:LBJ
3622:doi
3575:doi
3571:686
3517:",
3388:doi
3334:doi
3295:doi
3254:doi
3157:doi
3120:doi
3043:hdl
3035:doi
3002:doi
2958:PMC
2942:doi
2938:111
2892:doi
2847:hdl
2839:doi
2800:doi
2638:doi
2116:doi
2112:104
2062:doi
1770:to
752:by
654:'s
611:'s
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