85:'s Sixth National Plan, the government planned to increase medical funding by 9.7% annually between 1981 and 1985, with medical expenditures planned to reach $ 2.1 billion in 1985. $ 1.2 billion were designated to the construction of new facilities to combat bed shortages, with a main focus on establishing clinics in order to avoid the inefficiency of larger hospitals. The rehabilitation of handicapped individuals and a focus on addressing heart disease (the leading cause of death in Venezuela) were also highlighted in the Sixth National Plan. Medical professionals in Venezuela were "extremely U.S. oriented", with most doctors attending post-graduate work in the United States. These doctors were able to speak English, read U.S. medical journals, and attended gatherings of United States medical experts. In 1981, over 70% of health care services were administered by the government.
348:, as well as a large increase in infant and maternal mortality rates. There was a concern that untreated migrants would begin to spread diseases to other countries. The United Nations estimated in 2019 that 2.8 million Venezuelans have healthcare needs, 300,000 are at risk of dying with cancer, diabetes or HIV as they have not had access to medicine for more than a year, and preventable diseases like diphtheria, malaria, measles and tuberculosis are rising in 2019, along with hepatitis A, because of sanitation and lack of access to water. The April 2019 HRW/Johns Hopkins report showed this rise in infectious and preventable diseases, as well as increasing malnutrition, infant and maternal death, and undertreatment of
151:
272:
30:
371:
261:
easily treated illnesses due to the "downward sliding economy" in 2014. Many
Venezuelans died avoidable deaths with medical professionals having scarce resources and using methods that were replaced decades ago. In February 2014, doctors at University of Caracas Medical Hospital stopped performing surgeries due to the lack of supplies, even though nearly 3,000 people required surgery.
73:
1970s due to a large increase in the population and a lack of specialization among health care professionals. The lack of both professionals and beds was higher in the rural areas compared to the more populated, urban areas. Between 1978 and 1980, Venezuela had 14,771 doctors, 8,805 nurses and 2,804 nursing auxiliaries.
305:
In April 2017 Venezuela's health ministry reported that maternal mortality jumped by 65% in 2016 and that the number of infant deaths rose by 30%. It also said that the number of cases of malaria was up by 76%. Shortly after
Minister of Health Antonieta Caporale released in 2017 this data, and health
413:
In 2008, private hospitals and clinics and the qualifications of their medical personnel were comparable to U.S. standards. Private health services were costly and overly full. The
Venezuelan government accused private hospitals of profiteering. Two thousand doctors left the country between 2006 and
286:
In early 2015, only 35% of hospital beds were available and 50% of operating rooms could not function due to the lack of resources. In March 2015, a
Venezuelan NGO, Red de MĂ©dicos por la Salud, reported that there was a 68% shortage of surgical supplies and a 70% shortage of medicines in Venezuelan
244:
stated that there could be between 65,000 and 117,000 Venezuelans infected. In August 2015 independent health monitors said that there were more than two million people infected with chikungunya while the government said there were 36,000 cases. In
October 2014, President Maduro announced a plan to
225:
In 2014 when
Venezuela's economy was facing difficulties, Venezuela's healthcare system deteriorated. In August 2014, Venezuela was the only country in Latin America where the incidence of malaria was increasing. Venezuela registered the highest number of cases of malaria in the past 50 years, with
93:
Foreign medical equipment developed abroad was quickly adopted and shipped to
Venezuela with most of the country's medical goods needing to be imported. In 1980, Venezuela imported 47% of its medical goods from the United States, 13% from Germany, 8% from Japan, and 3% from the United Kingdom. The
310:, Luis LĂłpez Chejade. The publications were removed from the Ministry's website, and no further health data has been made available, although the government had produced health bulletins for several decades. The ministry had not reported health data in two years, and none has been reported since.
239:
virus, a potentially lethal mosquito-borne disease. In
September 2014, Health Minister Nancy PĂ©rez admitted that there were 45,745 cases of dengue fever. There were also contested estimates involving the number of Venezuelans infected with chikungunya. In September 2014, the Venezuelan government
72:
In 1978, a presidential election year, medical sales in
Venezuela hit an all-time high, but dropped in 1979. In 1979, there were approximately 250 hospitals in Venezuela with MSAS operating the majority of them (58%). Venezuela had a shortage of medical professionals and hospital beds in the late
260:
Into the Maduro presidency, the government could not supply enough money for medical supplies among healthcare providers, with doctors saying that 9 of 10 large hospitals had only 7% of required supplies and private doctors reporting numbers of patients that are "impossible" to count dying from
137:
and the establishment of the
Bolivarian government, improvements in healthcare were promising due to the installation of free healthcare facilities and programs, and the assistance of Cuban medical professionals. The Bolivarian government's failure to concentrate on healthcare, the reduction of
291:
said, “We have rarely seen access to essential medicines deteriorate as quickly as it has in Venezuela except in war zones.” By the end of 2015, the Bolivarian government reported that of all Venezuelans visiting public hospitals that year, one in three patients died. Also in 2015, 30% of all
203:
Throughout Hugo Chávez's presidency, the Health Ministry changed ministers multiple times. According to a high-ranking official of Venezuela's Health Ministry, the ministers were treated as scapegoats whenever issues with Venezuela's public health arose. The official also detailed ways Health
138:
healthcare spending, and government corruption eventually affected medical practices in Venezuela causing avoidable deaths along with an emigration of medical professionals to other countries. Venezuela's reliance on imported goods and its complicated exchange rates (initiated by
94:
majority of the medical equipment was distributed by a conglomerate of about 45 distributors known as the AsociaciĂłn Venezolana de Distribuidores de Equipos Medicos (AVEDEM), while 15% of medical products were distributed by smaller entities.
327:
reported that the "collapse of Venezuela's health system, once one of the best in Latin America, has led to a surge in infant and maternal mortality rates and a return of rare diseases that were considered all but eradicated. In March 2019,
199:
announced a national campaign to fight the dengue fever epidemic that had infected 24,000 and killed four. Child immunization for measles in 2002 (as a percentage of under 12 months) dropped to 78%, compared with 84% in 1999.
1074:
230:
medicines to treat HIV/AIDS affected about 50,000 Venezuelans, potentially causing thousands of Venezuelans with HIV to develop AIDS. Venezuelans also stated that due to shortages of medicines, it was hard to find
990:
822:
69:
Venezuelan state governments operated only five facilities in 1979, down from about sixty hospitals in 1970 since the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance (MSAS) took over many of the hospitals.
264:
In March 2014, the executive director of the Venezuelan Association of Hospitals and Clinics explained how in less than a month, shortages of 53 medical products rose to 109 and explained how the
287:
pharmacies. In May 2015, the Venezuelan Medical Federation said that 15,000 doctors had left the public health care system due to drug and equipment shortages and poor pay. In August 2015 the
1170:
306:
statistics showing increases in 2016 infant and maternal mortality and infectious diseases, Maduro fired her and replaced the physician with a pharmacist close to vice-president
796:
506:
853:
2508:
1196:
1820:
329:
1222:
1244:
415:
352:. Inflation and medicine shortages have meant that patients are asked to bring their own food, water and soap, and medical supplies including scalpels and syringes.
313:
In November 2017 the Venezuelan Society of Public Health informed that a total of 857 cases of measles, from which 465 have been confirmed, had been registered. The
1786:
268:
system is to blame since 86% of supplies are imported with private sector hospitals claiming they owe suppliers billions of dollars in order to pay their debts.
1771:
1294:
830:
784:
Doctors say it's impossible to know how many have died, and the government doesn't keep such numbers, just as it hasn't published health statistics since 2010.
1062:
414:
2008. A leading factor of this is the pitiful salaries of Venezuelan doctors. A typical doctor in Venezuela earns just $ 6.00 per month, amidst their current
295:
In 2016, according to the Venezuelan government, 240,000 cases of malaria were reported, rising 76% in a year. According to former Venezuelan health minister
3083:
302:
A study of 6,500 households by three of the main universities in Venezuela found that "74% of the population had lost on average nineteen pounds in 2016".
1578:
2453:
1681:
1440:
142:) led to increasing shortages during the late-2000s and into the 2010s that affected the availability of medicines and medical equipment in the country.
1881:
1563:
1048:
767:
569:
1573:
226:
300 of 100,000 Venezuelans being infected with the disease. Medical shortages in the country also hampered the treatment of Venezuelans. Shortages of
1827:
622:
693:
2953:
1815:
1639:
1136:
491:
187:); and in 2001 an estimated 2,000 people died from AIDS. At the end of 2003, the percentage of the population between the ages of 15 and 49 with
884:
3148:
2027:
1837:
744:
2663:
2286:
1734:
1634:
1588:
1405:
2523:
2398:
2010:
1075:"Nicolás Maduro destituyó a la ministra de Salud que publicó las cifras sobre los aumentos en mortalidad infantil y materna en Venezuela"
105:
of their own indigenous people to deflect blame from the country's institutions, thereby aggravating the epidemic. During the 1990s, the
2239:
2032:
1856:
1671:
1453:
254:
1523:
1946:
914:
468:
481:
Briggs, Charles L. Stories in the time of cholera: Racial profiling during a medical nightmare. Univ of California Press, 2003 pp.3-5
3118:
1656:
1287:
1538:
3218:
3153:
2913:
2503:
1956:
1651:
861:
314:
191:(HIV)/AIDS was 0.7. In 2000, 85% of the urban population and 70% of the rural population had access to improved water. Improved
3158:
2588:
2543:
2108:
2042:
2017:
1798:
332:
officials was reported that the "collapse" of the health system had caused the return of old and eradicated rare diseases like
241:
204:
Ministry officials would perform illicit acts in order to enrich themselves by selling goods designated for public healthcare.
34:
2000:
1761:
1593:
1518:
1492:
1483:
1478:
1433:
1395:
645:
361:
3023:
2933:
2893:
2863:
2196:
2066:
1916:
1781:
1603:
1528:
48:
programs and the availability of low- or no-cost health care provided by the Venezuelan Institute of Social Security made
183:, reappeared in Venezuela. In 1999 an estimated 62,000 Venezuelans were living with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (
2123:
1866:
1766:
1676:
1280:
188:
2753:
2613:
1892:
1803:
1258:
1157:
3133:
3033:
3003:
2983:
2423:
2022:
1473:
950:
3073:
3043:
3038:
2973:
2888:
2868:
2678:
2353:
2303:
2279:
2206:
2128:
2083:
1861:
1751:
1717:
1513:
1498:
1426:
292:
reported malaria cases in the Americas were in Venezuela (more than Brazil, which has a much larger population).
544:
3168:
3093:
2998:
2978:
2838:
2828:
2798:
2768:
2763:
2718:
2693:
2583:
2528:
2483:
2448:
2363:
2348:
2103:
2098:
1990:
1722:
1508:
1309:
276:
150:
1102:
492:
http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/country_profiles/GBD/ihme_gbd_country_report_venezuela.pdf
1400:
771:
577:
3053:
3008:
2873:
2803:
2758:
2648:
2338:
2328:
2171:
1707:
3198:
3103:
3098:
3063:
3018:
3013:
2943:
2923:
2908:
2823:
2783:
2778:
2703:
2628:
2563:
2558:
2518:
2473:
2438:
2433:
2418:
2403:
2201:
2133:
2113:
2093:
2052:
2037:
1793:
1756:
1617:
432:
280:
213:
113:, 634 for external causes (including drowning, self-harm, violence, falls, road accidents etc., 1126 for
3183:
3173:
3163:
3143:
3123:
3028:
2988:
2958:
2883:
2848:
2843:
2833:
2813:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2638:
2633:
2593:
2568:
2553:
2548:
2533:
2513:
2488:
2478:
2428:
2393:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2343:
2333:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2186:
2166:
1695:
1598:
195:
was available to 71% of the urban population and 48% of the rural population. In August 2001, President
134:
114:
41:
1995:
717:
670:
296:
1049:"Venezuela's humanitarian emergency: Large-scale UN response needed to address health and food crises"
3193:
3138:
3128:
3088:
3068:
2993:
2968:
2963:
2938:
2918:
2898:
2818:
2808:
2773:
2728:
2713:
2708:
2688:
2668:
2618:
2608:
2603:
2573:
2498:
2443:
2413:
2408:
2388:
2378:
2323:
2272:
2232:
2148:
2047:
1978:
1932:
1876:
1871:
1847:
1808:
1739:
1712:
1646:
1629:
1461:
892:
437:
82:
971:
271:
3188:
3113:
3078:
3058:
3048:
2948:
2878:
2858:
2853:
2793:
2748:
2698:
2683:
2673:
2643:
2623:
2598:
2578:
2538:
2468:
2463:
2383:
2156:
2118:
2088:
1941:
1776:
1744:
1729:
1583:
1383:
1372:
1317:
1025:
995:
427:
250:
217:
3108:
2928:
2903:
2788:
2723:
2658:
2653:
2493:
2458:
2248:
2191:
2181:
2161:
2138:
2078:
1666:
1661:
1362:
1352:
1337:
288:
317:
reported that at least 71% of the reported cases of measles in 2017 have occurred in Venezuela.
2211:
1367:
1342:
1322:
1110:
1000:
402:
307:
2253:
1533:
1347:
1327:
800:
510:
160:
102:
29:
1332:
1553:
17:
2176:
1921:
1568:
1543:
1357:
823:"MĂ©dicos del Hospital Universitario de Caracas suspenden cirugĂas por falta de insumos"
548:
227:
196:
139:
106:
370:
3212:
1901:
1548:
1488:
1171:"Venezuelans facing 'unprecedented challenges,' many need aid - internal U.N. report"
955:
232:
98:
53:
1906:
345:
333:
180:
168:
1197:"UN urged to declare full-scale crisis in Venezuela as health system 'collapses'"
694:"In Venezuela, doctor flees after being accused of terrorism amid fever outbreak"
1503:
236:
45:
885:"Sin dĂłlares para importar medicinas, salud de Venezuela en terapia intensiva"
192:
122:
1114:
1004:
320:
In 2018 Venezuela continued to suffer acute shortages of food and medicines.
1911:
1449:
49:
600:
1272:
240:
stated that only 400 Venezuelans were infected with chikungunya while the
2264:
1558:
1223:"Researchers are surprised by the magnitude of Venezuela's health crisis"
1150:
Dube, Ryan (29 March 2019). "Red Cross announces Venezuelan aid effort".
919:
222:
The Venezuelan government stopped publishing medical statistics in 2010.
118:
245:
create the University of Science and Health and called for a meeting of
1079:
915:"In deteriorating Venezuela, a kid's scraped knee can be life or death"
341:
176:
172:
110:
671:"Venezuela's Maduro denounces "psychological war" waged by opposition"
1418:
337:
265:
623:"Venezuela Faces Health Crisis Amid Shortage of HIV/Aids Medication"
2005:
1951:
270:
149:
299:, more than 500,000 Venezuelans would contract malaria in 2017.
246:
184:
2268:
1422:
1276:
718:"Thousands dying early as medical system implodes in Venezuela"
991:"US officials: 16 nations agree to track Venezuela corruption"
365:
349:
109:
was 318 per 100,000 population for diseases of the , 156 for
1245:"A Doctor or Nurse Might Earn Just $ 6 a Month in Venezuela"
125:, and 654 for certain conditions originating before birth.
52:'s health care infrastructure one of the more advanced in
161:
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.TOTL.ZS?page=3
797:"Venezuela's medical crisis requires world's attention"
745:"Maduro crea Universidad de las Ciencias y de la Salud"
507:"Venezuela's medical crisis requires world's attention"
382:
97:
From 1992 to 1993, there was a cholera epidemic in the
1137:"Venezuela acumula 465 casos confirmados de sarampiĂłn"
989:
Goodman, Joshua and Luis Alonso Lugo (19 April 2018).
854:"ClĂnicas del paĂs presentan fallas en 109 productos"
154:
Healthcare spending by percentage of Venezuela's GDP.
1154:. Dow Jones Institutional News – via ProQuest.
646:"Venezuela Seeks to Quell Fears of Disease Outbreak"
2147:
2065:
1977:
1930:
1890:
1845:
1836:
1694:
1616:
1460:
1381:
1308:
716:
101:and Venezuela's political leaders were accused of
1043:
1041:
1039:
768:"Doctors say Venezuela's health care in collapse"
570:"Doctors say Venezuela's health care in collapse"
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
2280:
1434:
1288:
944:
942:
940:
938:
665:
663:
501:
499:
8:
1407:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1103:"Politics this week | May 13th 2017 Edition"
249:in order to discuss the combat against the
2287:
2273:
2265:
2071:
1983:
1842:
1833:
1700:
1622:
1466:
1441:
1427:
1419:
1295:
1281:
1273:
852:Fernanda Zambrano, MarĂa (19 March 2014).
167:Several transmissible diseases, including
459:
457:
455:
453:
28:
951:"Why malaria is spreading in Venezuela"
449:
235:to help alleviate the newly introduced
7:
1828:Guayana Esequiba (Reclamation area)
1169:Nichols, Michelle (29 March 2019).
471:. 7 September 1981. pp. 14–15.
255:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa
1221:Schreiber, Melody (5 April 2019).
1051:. Human Rights Watch. 4 April 2019
829:. 21 February 2014. Archived from
770:. Associated Press. Archived from
692:Wade, Lizzie (23 September 2014).
644:Forero, Juan (22 September 2014).
469:International Trade Administration
25:
2509:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1957:Ecological Movement of Venezuela
1135:Nacional, El (4 December 2017).
970:Krauze, Enrique (8 March 2018).
883:Chinea, Eyanir (20 March 2014).
766:Bajak, Frank (6 November 2013).
601:"The malaria mines of Venezuela"
599:Pardo, Daniel (23 August 2014).
369:
315:Pan American Health Organization
543:Wilson, Peter (27 April 2015).
242:Central University of Venezuela
35:Central University of Venezuela
1519:Restorative Liberal Revolution
747:. El Universal. 8 October 2014
715:Hider, James (5 August 2015).
625:. Fox News Latino. 14 May 2014
362:COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela
1:
1259:"Don't stand so close to me"
1195:Hodal, Kate (5 April 2019).
673:. El Pais. 19 September 2014
545:"The Collapse of Chávezcare"
189:human immunodeficiency virus
1893:Democratic Unity Roundtable
1882:People's Electoral Movement
1816:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
3235:
1589:2017 constitutional crisis
949:J.R.A. (12 October 2017).
401:Venezuela was affected by
359:
211:
117:such as chest infections,
2300:
2226:
2074:
1986:
1862:Movement We Are Venezuela
1718:Human rights in Venezuela
1703:
1625:
1564:1992 coup d'Ă©tat attempts
1499:Revolution of the Reforms
1469:
648:. The Wall Street Journal
60:Pre-Bolivarian Revolution
2454:Central African Republic
1735:Administrative divisions
1594:2019 presidential crisis
1574:2002 coup d'Ă©tat attempt
1509:Revindicating Revolution
976:New York Review of Books
279:for medicine due to the
18:Health care in Venezuela
3219:Healthcare in Venezuela
1708:Corruption in Venezuela
1303:Health in South America
889:Reuters (Latin America)
325:The Wall Street Journal
2399:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2295:Health care by country
2033:Science and technology
1947:Movement for Socialism
1857:United Socialist Party
1579:2002–03 general strike
490:GBD Profile Venezuela
433:Mission Barrio Adentro
283:
281:shortages in Venezuela
214:Shortages in Venezuela
164:
37:
3084:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2954:Republic of the Congo
274:
212:Further information:
153:
135:Bolivarian Revolution
129:Bolivarian Revolution
115:communicable diseases
42:Bolivarian Revolution
33:University Hospital,
32:
3149:United Arab Emirates
1933:Agreement for Change
1872:For Social Democracy
1848:Great Patriotic Pole
1713:Torture in Venezuela
1682:World Heritage Sites
1657:Environmental issues
1026:"Politics this week"
467:. Washington, D.C.:
83:Luis Herrera Campins
3119:Trinidad and Tobago
2119:List of Venezuelans
1942:Progressive Advance
1730:Crisis in Venezuela
1484:War of Independence
1152:Wall Street Journal
996:The Washington Post
833:on 28 February 2014
774:on 10 November 2014
580:on 26 February 2014
428:Health in Venezuela
251:Ebola virus disease
218:Crisis in Venezuela
2524:Dominican Republic
2109:Indigenous peoples
2043:Telecommunications
1640:metropolitan areas
1061:Also available in
972:"Hell of a Fiesta"
405:on 13 March 2020.
381:. You can help by
289:Human Rights Watch
284:
277:protesting in 2017
165:
38:
3206:
3205:
2544:Equatorial Guinea
2262:
2261:
2222:
2221:
2061:
2060:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1917:Democratic Action
1782:National Assembly
1762:Foreign relations
1690:
1689:
1612:
1611:
1479:Captaincy General
1416:
1415:
1388:other territories
438:OperaciĂłn Milagro
409:State and private
403:COVID-19 pandemic
399:
398:
308:Tareck El Aissami
297:José Félix Oletta
16:(Redirected from
3226:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2266:
2242:
2235:
2072:
1984:
1935:
1895:
1850:
1843:
1834:
1701:
1623:
1539:1958 coup d'Ă©tat
1534:El Trienio Adeco
1467:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1408:
1396:Falkland Islands
1310:Sovereign states
1297:
1290:
1283:
1274:
1267:
1266:
1265:. 21 March 2008.
1255:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1192:
1186:
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1155:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1126:
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1123:
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1099:
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1088:
1071:
1065:
1060:
1058:
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1045:
1034:
1033:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
986:
984:
982:
967:
961:
960:
946:
933:
932:
930:
928:
923:. 5 October 2016
911:
905:
904:
902:
900:
895:on 20 March 2014
891:. Archived from
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
864:on 20 March 2014
860:. Archived from
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
819:
813:
812:
810:
808:
801:The Boston Globe
793:
787:
786:
781:
779:
763:
757:
756:
754:
752:
741:
735:
734:
732:
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712:
706:
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689:
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667:
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641:
635:
634:
632:
630:
619:
613:
612:
610:
608:
596:
590:
589:
587:
585:
576:. Archived from
574:Associated Press
566:
560:
559:
557:
555:
540:
523:
522:
520:
518:
511:The Boston Globe
503:
494:
488:
482:
479:
473:
472:
465:Business America
461:
394:
391:
373:
366:
103:racial profiling
81:Under President
21:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3024:Solomon Islands
2894:North Macedonia
2296:
2293:
2263:
2258:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2218:
2143:
2124:Public holidays
2057:
1961:
1931:
1926:
1891:
1886:
1867:Communist Party
1846:
1832:
1767:Law enforcement
1686:
1677:Natural Regions
1608:
1456:
1447:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1389:
1387:
1377:
1304:
1301:
1271:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1156:Also available
1149:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
988:
980:
978:
969:
968:
964:
948:
947:
936:
926:
924:
913:
912:
908:
898:
896:
882:
881:
877:
867:
865:
851:
850:
846:
836:
834:
821:
820:
816:
806:
804:
803:. 28 April 2015
795:
794:
790:
777:
775:
765:
764:
760:
750:
748:
743:
742:
738:
728:
726:
714:
713:
709:
699:
697:
691:
690:
686:
676:
674:
669:
668:
661:
651:
649:
643:
642:
638:
628:
626:
621:
620:
616:
606:
604:
598:
597:
593:
583:
581:
568:
567:
563:
553:
551:
542:
541:
526:
516:
514:
513:. 28 April 2015
505:
504:
497:
489:
485:
480:
476:
463:
462:
451:
446:
424:
416:economic crisis
411:
395:
389:
386:
379:needs expansion
364:
358:
323:In March 2019,
220:
210:
155:
148:
131:
91:
79:
67:
62:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3232:
3230:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3154:United Kingdom
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2504:Czech Republic
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2177:Miss Venezuela
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2038:Stock Exchange
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1922:Come Venezuela
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1804:Vice President
1801:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1672:National parks
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1569:Vargas tragedy
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1544:Puntofijo Pact
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1524:1902–03 crisis
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1250:
1236:
1213:
1187:
1161:
1142:
1127:
1094:
1066:
1035:
1032:. 11 May 2017.
1017:
962:
934:
906:
875:
844:
814:
788:
758:
736:
707:
684:
659:
636:
614:
591:
561:
549:Foreign Policy
524:
495:
483:
474:
448:
447:
445:
442:
441:
440:
435:
430:
423:
420:
410:
407:
397:
396:
376:
374:
360:Main article:
357:
354:
228:antiretroviral
209:
206:
147:
144:
133:Following the
130:
127:
107:mortality rate
90:
87:
78:
75:
66:
63:
61:
58:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3231:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:United States
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:Liechtenstein
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:Guinea-Bissau
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Justice First
1900:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:El Carupanazo
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:reunification
1490:
1489:Gran Colombia
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1401:French Guiana
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1264:
1263:The Economist
1260:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:The Economist
1104:
1098:
1095:
1083:. 11 May 2017
1082:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1030:The Economist
1027:
1021:
1018:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
977:
973:
966:
963:
958:
957:
956:The Economist
952:
945:
943:
941:
939:
935:
922:
921:
916:
910:
907:
894:
890:
886:
879:
876:
863:
859:
855:
848:
845:
832:
828:
824:
818:
815:
802:
798:
792:
789:
785:
773:
769:
762:
759:
746:
740:
737:
724:
719:
711:
708:
695:
688:
685:
672:
666:
664:
660:
647:
640:
637:
624:
618:
615:
602:
595:
592:
579:
575:
571:
565:
562:
550:
546:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
525:
512:
508:
502:
500:
496:
493:
487:
484:
478:
475:
470:
466:
460:
458:
456:
454:
450:
443:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
421:
419:
417:
408:
406:
404:
393:
384:
380:
377:This section
375:
372:
368:
367:
363:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
321:
318:
316:
311:
309:
303:
300:
298:
293:
290:
282:
278:
273:
269:
267:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
243:
238:
234:
233:acetaminophen
229:
223:
219:
215:
207:
205:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
162:
158:
152:
145:
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3004:Sierra Leone
2984:Saudi Arabia
2424:Burkina Faso
2207:coat of arms
2084:Demographics
2028:Oil industry
2018:Cooperatives
1907:Popular Will
1752:Constitution
1604:Coups d'Ă©tat
1554:El Porteñazo
1529:World War II
1384:Dependencies
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3074:Switzerland
3044:South Sudan
3039:South Korea
2974:Saint Lucia
2934:Philippines
2889:North Korea
2869:New Zealand
2864:Netherlands
2679:Ivory Coast
2304:Afghanistan
2104:Immigration
1991:Agriculture
1652:Earthquakes
1514:1895 crisis
1504:Federal War
1474:New Granada
858:Union Radio
837:21 February
827:Globovision
584:22 February
253:due to the
237:chikungunya
197:Hugo Chávez
140:Hugo Chávez
46:inoculation
3169:Uzbekistan
3094:Tajikistan
2999:Seychelles
2979:San Marino
2839:Mozambique
2829:Montenegro
2799:Mauritania
2769:Madagascar
2764:Luxembourg
2719:Kyrgyzstan
2694:Kazakhstan
2529:East Timor
2484:Costa Rica
2449:Cape Verde
2364:Bangladesh
2349:Azerbaijan
2167:Literature
2099:Healthcare
1599:Civil wars
444:References
390:March 2020
193:sanitation
163:World Bank
123:meningitis
40:After the
3179:Venezuela
3054:Sri Lanka
3009:Singapore
2914:Palestine
2874:Nicaragua
2804:Mauritius
2759:Lithuania
2649:Indonesia
2339:Australia
2329:Argentina
2134:Squatting
2114:Languages
2094:Education
2053:Transport
2001:Companies
1912:A New Era
1794:President
1787:President
1757:Elections
1618:Geography
1450:Venezuela
1373:Venezuela
1318:Argentina
1115:0013-0613
1005:0190-8286
927:7 October
751:9 October
723:The Times
696:. Science
629:31 August
607:31 August
330:Red Cross
50:Venezuela
3213:Category
3199:Zimbabwe
3104:Thailand
3099:Tanzania
3064:Suriname
3019:Slovenia
3014:Slovakia
2944:Portugal
2924:Paraguay
2909:Pakistan
2824:Mongolia
2784:Maldives
2779:Malaysia
2704:Kiribati
2629:Honduras
2564:Ethiopia
2559:Eswatini
2519:Djibouti
2474:Colombia
2439:Cameroon
2434:Cambodia
2419:Bulgaria
2404:Botswana
2249:Category
2187:Religion
2129:Refugees
2089:Diaspora
1996:Currency
1877:Tupamaro
1821:In exile
1777:Missions
1772:Military
1696:Politics
1559:Caracazo
1454:articles
1363:Suriname
1353:Paraguay
1338:Colombia
1063:Spanish.
1010:20 April
981:23 April
920:NBC News
899:20 March
868:20 March
778:14 March
729:5 August
422:See also
119:syphilis
3184:Vietnam
3174:Vanuatu
3164:Uruguay
3144:Ukraine
3124:Tunisia
3029:Somalia
2989:Senegal
2959:Romania
2884:Nigeria
2849:Namibia
2844:Myanmar
2834:Morocco
2814:Moldova
2744:Liberia
2739:Lesotho
2734:Lebanon
2664:Ireland
2639:Iceland
2634:Hungary
2594:Germany
2589:Georgia
2569:Finland
2554:Estonia
2549:Eritrea
2534:Ecuador
2514:Denmark
2489:Croatia
2479:Comoros
2429:Burundi
2394:Bolivia
2374:Belgium
2369:Belarus
2359:Bahrain
2354:Bahamas
2344:Austria
2334:Armenia
2319:Andorra
2314:Algeria
2309:Albania
2233:Outline
2197:Symbols
2162:Cuisine
2149:Culture
2067:Society
2048:Tourism
1979:Economy
1838:Parties
1809:Cabinet
1740:Regions
1647:Climate
1630:Borders
1462:History
1368:Uruguay
1343:Ecuador
1323:Bolivia
1229:7 April
1206:7 April
1180:6 April
1175:Reuters
1158:online.
1120:10 July
1080:Infobae
1055:7 April
342:malaria
177:measles
173:malaria
157:Source:
111:cancers
3194:Zambia
3139:Uganda
3129:Turkey
3089:Taiwan
3069:Sweden
2994:Serbia
2969:Rwanda
2964:Russia
2939:Poland
2919:Panama
2899:Norway
2819:Monaco
2809:Mexico
2774:Malawi
2729:Latvia
2714:Kuwait
2709:Kosovo
2689:Jordan
2669:Israel
2619:Guyana
2609:Guinea
2604:Greece
2584:Gambia
2574:France
2499:Cyprus
2444:Canada
2414:Brunei
2409:Brazil
2389:Bhutan
2379:Belize
2324:Angola
2254:Portal
2202:anthem
2157:Cinema
2023:Energy
1745:States
1635:Cities
1584:Crisis
1452:
1348:Guyana
1328:Brazil
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1087:13 May
1003:
807:17 May
554:17 May
517:17 May
344:, and
338:dengue
266:CADIVI
179:, and
3189:Yemen
3114:Tonga
3079:Syria
3059:Sudan
3049:Spain
2949:Qatar
2879:Niger
2859:Nepal
2854:Nauru
2794:Malta
2749:Libya
2699:Kenya
2684:Japan
2674:Italy
2644:India
2624:Haiti
2599:Ghana
2579:Gabon
2539:Egypt
2469:China
2464:Chile
2384:Benin
2240:Index
2192:Sport
2182:Music
2172:Media
2139:Women
2079:Crime
2006:PDVSA
1952:COPEI
1667:Flora
1662:Fauna
1333:Chile
1225:. NPR
603:. BBC
208:2010s
146:2000s
89:1990s
77:1980s
65:1970s
3109:Togo
2929:Peru
2904:Oman
2789:Mali
2724:Laos
2659:Iraq
2654:Iran
2494:Cuba
2459:Chad
2212:flag
1799:List
1723:LGBT
1358:Peru
1231:2019
1208:2019
1182:2019
1122:2024
1111:ISSN
1089:2017
1057:2019
1012:2018
1001:ISSN
983:2018
929:2016
901:2014
870:2014
839:2014
809:2015
780:2018
753:2014
731:2015
725:. UK
702:2014
679:2014
654:2014
631:2014
609:2014
586:2014
556:2015
519:2015
356:2020
247:ALBA
216:and
185:AIDS
2011:CVG
1386:and
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350:HIV
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