220:, the laser "travels" along the surface of a guiding material, which is shaped and positioned in order to lead the beam to the area to be heated (about to be written). Diffraction does not adversely affect this kind of wave-guide based focus, so the heating effect can be targeted to the necessary tiny region. The heating issues also require media that can tolerate rapid spot-heating to over 400 °C in a tiny area without affecting the contact between the recording head and the platter, or affecting the reliability of the platter and its magnetic coating. The platters are made of a special "HAMR glass" with a coating that precisely controls how heat travels within the platter once it reaches the region being heated – crucial to prevent power waste and undesired heating or erasure of nearby data regions. Running costs are not expected to differ significantly from non-HAMR drives, since the laser only uses a small amount of power – initially described in 2013 as a few tens of
930:"Seagate says that the Multi-Actuator Technology is to be deployed on products in the near future, but does not disclose when exactly. As the company's blog post on the matter mentions both MAT and HAMR, it is highly likely that commercial hard drives featuring HAMR due in late 2019 will also have two actuators on a single pivot. At the same time, it does not mean that the MAT is not going to find itself a place in products using conventional PMR."
73:(surface guided laser) instead of direct laser-based heating, new types of glass platters and heat-control coatings that tolerate rapid spot-heating without affecting the contact with the recording head or nearby data, new methods to mount the heating laser onto the drive head, and a wide range of other technical, development and control issues that needed to be overcome.
241:" (equivalent to "over 35 PB in a 5 year life on a 12 TB drive", stated to be "far in excess" of typical use), and heating laser power required "under 200mW" (0.2 W), less than 2.5% of the 8 or more watts typically used by a hard drive motor and its head assembly. Some commentators speculated that HAMR drives would also introduce the use of multiple
319:(TB)) hard disk drives using HAMR technology. Some news sites erroneously reported that Seagate would launch a 300 TB HDD by 2010. Seagate responded to this news stating that 50 terabit per-square-inch density is well past the 2010 timeframe and that this may also involve a combination of bit patterned media.
232:
capacity was in place for pilot volumes and first sales of production units to be shipped to key customers in 2018 followed by a full market launch of "20 TB+" HAMR drives during 2019, with 40 TB hard drives by 2023, and 100 TB drives by around 2030. At the same time, Seagate also stated that HAMR
505:
magnet film so as to lower its coercivity in the presence of a strong external field that has a magnetization direction opposite to that of the permanent magnet film in order to flip its magnetization. Thus producing a magnetic pattern of opposite magnetizations that can be used for various applications.
455:
and power in use under 12 W, comparable with existing high performance enterprise hard drives. Beyond that, both 20 TB single actuator HAMR drives, and the company's first dual actuator HAMR drives were expected for 2020. (Dual actuator drives were expected for H2 2019, but were likely
1352:
Ju, Ganping; Peng, Yingguo; Chang, Eric K. C.; Ding, Yinfeng; Wu, Alexander Q.; Zhu, Xiaobin; Kubota, Yukiko; Klemmer, Timothy J.; Amini, Hassib; Gao, Li; Fan, Zhaohui; Rausch, Tim; Subedi, Pradeep; Ma, Minjie; Kalarickal, Sangita; Rea, Chris J.; Dimitrov, Dimitar V.; Huang, Pin-Wei; Wang, Kangkang;
403:
On 6 November 2018, an updated road map from
Seagate was reported as suggesting that 16 TB drives in 2018 might be partner-only, with mass production relating to 20 TB drives in 2020. However, on 27 November, Seagate stated that production drives were already shipping and passing "key
231:
Seagate first demonstrated working HAMR prototypes in continual use during a 3-day event during 2015. In
December 2017 Seagate announced that pre-release drives had been undergoing customer trials with over 40,000 HAMR drives and "millions" of HAMR read/write heads already built, and manufacturing
513:
There are different ways in which the setup can be made, but the underlying principle is still the same. A permanent magnetic strip is deposited on a substrate of silicon or glass, and this is irradiated by a laser beam through a pre-designed mask. The mask is designed specifically for this purpose
413:
of 16 TB HAMR drives intended for commercial release, after which customers would be asked to qualify them (validate that they perform satisfactorily, and confirm their performance data) before general release, with 20 TB drives planned for 2020. Seagate commented that "These are the same
350:
In May 2014, Seagate said they planned to produce low quantities of 6 to 10 TB capacity hard disks in the "near future", but that this would require "a lot of technical investment as you know, it's also a lot of test investment". Though
Seagate had not stated that the new hard disks used HAMR,
266:
became commercially available, which used essentially the same technique for writing data to a disk. One advantage of magneto-optic recording over purely magnetic storage at that time was that the bit size was defined by the size of the focused laser spot rather than the magnetic field. In 1988, a
377:
In May 2017, Seagate confirmed that they expected to launch HAMR drives commercially "in late 2018", and the announcement was noted by commentators as being the first time that
Seagate had committed to such a specific timeframe for a HAMR drive launch. Commentators at the time suggested a likely
156:
the area being written, so that it briefly reaches a temperature where the disk's material temporarily loses much of its coercivity. Almost immediately, the magnetic head then writes data in a much smaller area than would otherwise be possible. The material quickly cools again and its coercivity
132:
of data becomes so small that the strongest magnetic field that current technology can create is not strong enough to overcome the coercivity of the platter (or in development terms, to flip the magnetic domain), because it is not feasible to create the required magnetic field within such a tiny
504:
A similar technology to heat-assisted magnetic recording that has been used mainstream other than for magnetic recording is thermomagnetic patterning. Magnetic coercivity is highly dependent on temperature, and this is the aspect that has been explored, using laser beam to irradiate a permanent
381:
During
December 2017 Seagate announced that HAMR drives had been undergoing pre-pilot trials at customers during 2017 with over 40,000 HAMR drives and "millions" of HAMR read/write heads already built, and manufacturing capacity was in place for pilot volumes in 2018 and a full market launch of
462:
Seagate also detailed HAMR's road map after launch: the next generation of technologies enabling HAMR drives up to 24 TB were being tested internally with working platters achieving 2.381 Tb/in (3 TB per platter) and 10 Tb/in in the laboratory, and the third generation of
329:
Hard disk technology progressed rapidly and as of
January 2012, desktop hard disk drives typically had a capacity of 500 to 2000 gigabytes, while the largest-capacity drives were 4 terabytes. It was recognised as early as 2000 that the then current technology for hard disk drives would have
192:
use an iron-platinum alloy in glass platters for HAMR drives. In addition, a wide range of other technical, development, and control issues must be overcome. Seagate, which has been prominent in the development of HAMR drives, commented that the challenges include "attaching and aligning a
438:
published an update on HAMR, stating detailed product release plans. According to
Seagate, 16 TB single actuator HAMR drives were expected to launch commercially in the first half of 2019. They were specified as "over 250 MB/sec, about 80 Input/output operations per second
946:
84:(size and layout) as existing traditional hard drives, and do not require any change to the computer or other device in which they are installed; they can be used identically to existing hard drives. 32 TB HAMR drives were shipped to some customers for qualification in 2023.
1725:
160:
The use of heating presented major technical problems, because as of 2013, there was no clear way to focus the required heat into the tiny area required within the constraints imposed by hard drive usage. The time required for heating, writing, and cooling is about 1
960:
518:. The areas that are exposed/irradiated by the laser beam experience a reduction in their coercivity due to heating by the laser beam, and the magnetization of these portions can be easily flipped by the applied external field, creating the desired patterns
1353:
Chen, Xi; Peng, Chubing; Chen, Weibin; Dykes, John W.; Seigler, Mike A.; Gage, Edward C.; Chantrell, Roy; Thiele, Jan-Ulrich (5 November 2015). "High
Density Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Media and Advanced Characterization—Progress and Challenges".
205:
stated in 2013 that "The technology is very, very difficult, and there has been a lot of skepticism if it will ever make it into commercial products", with opinions generally that HAMR is unlikely to be commercially available before 2017.
408:
existed for volume production, with 20 TB drives on development in 2019 and 40 TB drives expected for 2023. Shortly after the above announcement, on 4 December 2018, Seagate also announced it was undertaking final testing and
365:
In
October 2014 TDK, who supply hard drive components to the major hard drive manufacturers, stated that HAMR drives up to around 15 TB would probably start to become available by 2016, and that the results from a prototype 10,000
157:
returns to prevent the written data being easily changed until it is written again. As only a tiny part of the disk is heated at a time, the heated part cools quickly (under 1 nanosecond), and comparatively little power is needed.
491:
In June 2023, Seagate announced they'll make 32 TB HAMR drives in third quarter in 2023, 40 TB drives on the horizon, 50 TB drives in the labs. And claimed 24 TB PMR drives, 28 TB SMR drives, will be the last of their kinds.
968:
460:(PMR) rather than HAMR: their 2019 dual actuator PMR drives were stated to reach around twice the data rate and IOPS of single actuators: 480 MB/s, 169 IOPS, 11 IOPS/ TB for a 14 TB PMR drive).
361:
At the
Intermag 2015 Conference in Beijing, China, from 11 May to 15 May Seagate reported HAMR recording using a plasmonic near field transducer and high anisotropy granular FePt media at an areal density of 1.402
1489:: "The Exos HAMR drives run like all other drives in a standard suite of integration benchmarks. At this point in early testing, they're meeting our expectations for how a drive should interact in each benchmark".
1215:
96:
to increase in capacity with little effect on cost. To increase storage capacity within the standard form factor, more data must be stored in a smaller space. New technologies to achieve this, have included
236:
had achieved 2 TB per square inch areal density (having grown at 30% per year over 9 years, with a "near-future" target of 10 TBpsi). Single-head transfer reliability was reported to be "over 2
1153:
Kryder, M.H., "Magnetic recording beyond the superparamagnetic limit," Magnetics Conference, 2000. INTERMAG 2000 Digest of Technical Papers. 2000 IEEE International , vol., no., pp. 575, 4–8 April 2005
258:
filed a patent which described the basic principle of using heat in conjunction with a magnetic field to record data. This was followed by many other patents in this area with the initial focus on tape
626:
47:
by temporarily heating the disk material during writing, which makes it much more receptive to magnetic effects and allows writing to much smaller regions (and much higher levels of data on a disk).
50:
The technology was initially seen as extremely difficult to achieve, with doubts expressed about its feasibility in 2013. The regions being written must be heated in a tiny area – small enough that
1713:
Thermomagnetically patterned micromagnets, F. Dumas-Bouchiat, L. F. Zanini, M. Kustov, N. M. Dempsey, R. Grechishkin, K. Hasselbach, J. C. Orlianges, C. Champeaux, A. Catherinot, and D. Givord
133:
region. In effect, a point exists at which it becomes impractical or impossible to make a working disk drive because magnetic writing activity is no longer possible on such a small scale.
124:(ability to maintain its magnetic domains and withstand any undesired external magnetic influences). The drive head must then overcome this coercivity when data is written. But as the
351:
bit-tech.net speculated that they would. Seagate started shipping 8 TB drives around July 2014, but without saying how that capacity was reached; extremetech.com speculated that
466:
In October 2019, analysts suspected that HAMR would be delayed commercially until 2022, with 10-platter hard drives using perpendicular recording (expected to be followed by SMR (
1092:
390:)" per head (equivalent to "over 35 PB in a 5 year life on a 12 TB drive", stated to be "far in excess" of typical use) and heating laser power required "under 200mW" (0.2
1675:
Fujiwara, Ryogen; Shinshi, Tadahiko; Kazawa, Elito (December 2014). "Micromagnetization patterning of sputtered NdFeB/Ta multilayered films utilizing laser assisted heating".
1576:
514:
to prevent the laser beam from irradiating some portions on the magnetic film. This is done in the presence of a very strong magnetic field, which can be generated by a
1246:
116:
The limitation of traditional as well as perpendicular magnetic recording is due to the competing requirements of readability, writeability and stability (known as the
1223:
733:
586:(MAMR) – Also two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR), bit-patterned recording (BPR), and "current perpendicular to plane" giant magnetoresistance (CPP/GMR) heads.
429:(CES), Seagate showcased HAMR technology, demonstrating successful read/write tasks using an "Exos" drive with a transparent window to show the drive head in action.
944:, Burns Jr., Leslie L. & Keizer, Eugene O., "Magnetic Recording System", published 1959-12-01, assigned to Radio Corporation of America
1124:
1327:
831:
347:
demonstrates a working HAMR drive, although not yet ready for commercial sales, and Seagate said they expected to begin selling HAMR based drives around 2016.
634:
245:
on hard drives (for speed purposes), as this development was also covered in a Seagate announcement and also stated to be expected in a similar time-scale.
1704:
Micromagnetization patterning of sputtered NdFeB/Ta multilayered films utilizing laser assisted heating Ryogen Fujiwaraa, Tadahiko Shinshic, Elito Kazawada
22:
1486:
66:
on the drive platters, the drive-to-head contact, and the adjacent magnetic data which must not be affected. These challenges required the development of
1302:
845:
340:
announced that they had reached a storage density of 1.5 terabit per square inch, using HAMR. This corresponds to 2 TB per platter in a 3.5" drive.
1423:
1745:
333:
In March 2012 Seagate became the first hard drive maker to achieve the milestone storage density of 1 terabit per square inch using HAMR technology.
1172:"Seagate Reaches 1 Terabit Per Square Inch Milestone In Hard Drive Storage With New Technology Demonstration | News Archive | Seagate US"
400:
on hard drives (for speed purposes), as this development was also covered at a similar time and also stated to be expected in a similar time-scale.
148:: when the object cools down, it will have lost much of its magnetization.) HAMR uses this property of magnetic materials to its advantage. A tiny
80:(HDMR), or bit-pattern recording, is also under development, although not expected to be available until at least 2025. HAMR drives have the same
859:
113:(the amount of data that can be stored on a magnetic platter of a given size). HAMR is a technique that breaks this limit with magnetic media.
1016:
1611:
887:
1102:
120:). The problem is that to store data reliably for very small bit sizes the magnetic medium must be made of a material with a very high
1525:
488:
In October 2020 Seagate confirmed their intention to begin shipping 20TB HAMR drives in December 2020, with a target of 50TB by 2026.
136:
The coercivity of many materials is temperature dependent. If the temperature of a magnetized object is temporarily raised above its
1590:
999:
925:
909:
1563:"WFH economy fuelled 'strong, accelerated' demand from cloud, hyperscale, says Seagate as nearline disk ships drive topline up 18%"
1562:
173:
because these ordinarily cannot focus into anything like the small region that HAMR requires for its magnetic domains. Traditional
457:
323:
110:
774:
414:
tests that customers use to qualify every new drive", and cover power usage, read and write performance, correct responses to
201:
to deliver the heat", along with the scale of use which is far greater than previous near-field optic uses. Industry observer
1730:
1397:
1254:
677:
202:
140:, its coercivity will become much less, until it has cooled down. (This can be seen by heating a magnetized object such as a
1132:
568:
Residual magnetization is a problem due to the depth of reversal which is limited by the penetration depth of the laser beam
386:(growing at 30% per year over 9 years with a "near-future" target of 10 Tbpsi), head reliability of "over 2 PB (
1171:
1750:
1450:
599:
467:
352:
106:
1469:
382:"20 TB+" HAMR drives during 2019. They also stated that HAMR development had achieved 2 Tb per square inch
358:
In October 2014 TDK predicted that HAMR hard disks could be commercially released in 2015, which did not materialize.
378:
capacity at launch could be about 16 TB, although specific capacities and models would not be known until then.
77:
832:"Seagate Technology Holdings plc (STX) Presents at Bank of America 2023 Global Technology Conference (Transcript)"
426:
194:
117:
1577:"Seagate's 20TB HAMR HDDS are due to ship this December - 50TB capacities are expected in 2026 | OC3D News"
396:
Some commentators speculated on this announcement, that HAMR drives might also see the introduction of multiple
322:
In early 2009 Seagate achieved 250 Gb per square inch using HAMR. This was half of the density achieved via
594:
177:
98:
712:
367:
1125:"Seagate Is The First Manufacturer To Break The Capacity Ceiling With A New 4 TB GoFlex Desk Drive"
578:
410:
290:. Recordable MiniDiscs used heat-assisted magnetic recording, but the discs were read optically via the
263:
43:
technology for greatly increasing the amount of data that can be stored on a magnetic device such as a
941:
759:
1649:
1544:
1362:
81:
394:), less than 2.5% of the 8 or more watts typically used by a hard drive motor and its head assembly.
565:
Not too efficient on silicon substrate as silicon acts like a heat sink (better on glass substrate)
1276:
478:
370:
Seagate hard drive with a TDK HAMR head suggested that the standard 5 year durability required by
63:
1378:
926:
https://www.anandtech.com/show/12169/seagates-multi-actuator-technology-to-double-hdd-performance
298:
185:
181:
174:
1189:
153:
1508:"State of the Union: Seagate's HAMR Hard Drives, Dual-Actuator Mach2, and 24 TB HDDs on Track"
1507:
995:
779:
550:
482:
198:
137:
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287:
40:
530:
Useful for magnetic recording, checkered pattern for micro and nanoscale levitation purpose
422:
commands, and other tests. As of early December 2018, the drives were meeting expectations.
330:
limitations and that heat-assisted recording was one option to extend the storage capacity.
1731:
Seagate HAMR technical brief describing what needed to be done to develop HAMR, as at 2017
589:
583:
344:
213:
70:
44:
1653:
1366:
1303:"Seagate starts shipping 8 TB hard drives, with 10 TB and HAMR on the horizon"
1041:
556:
Superparamagnetic nature of ferromagnets at very small size limits how small one can go
539:
Can be used for very fine details depending on the finesse with which the laser is used
1739:
803:
515:
474:
383:
141:
125:
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228:). This is less than 2.5% of the 7 to 12 watts used by common 3.5 inch hard drives.
846:"Seagate Signs HAMR Deal with Showa Denko: Secures Second Source for HAMR Platters"
405:
58:
focused heating – and requires a heating, writing and cooling cycle of less than 1
1216:"Western Digital Demos World's First Hard Drive with HAMR Technology - X-bit labs"
1591:"Big Leap for Hard Drive Capacities: 32 TB HAMR Drives Due Soon, 40TB on Horizon"
775:"Seagate Ships 20TB HAMR HDDs Commercially, Increases Shipments of Mach.2 Drives"
291:
189:
166:
51:
1424:"Seagate Ships 35th Millionth SMR HDD, Confirms HAMR-Based Drives in Late 2018"
1159:
275:; a single 5.25 inch magnetic disk had a capacity of around 100 megabytes.
1688:
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873:
210:
170:
162:
121:
93:
67:
59:
1017:"Seagate hits 1 terabit per square inch, 60 TB hard drives on their way"
495:
In January 2024, Seagate indicated "imminent" mass production of HAMR drives.
1595:
992:
Digital Audio Technology: A Guide to CD, MiniDisc, SACD, DVD(A), MP3 and DAT
860:"The Road to 80 TB HDDS: Showa Denko Develops HAMR Platters for Hard Drives"
809:
434:
397:
242:
233:
221:
217:
209:
Seagate stated that they overcame the issue of heating focus by developing
559:
Boundary issues due to undetermined possibilities at the reversal junction
463:
production devices is aiming for 5 Tb/in (40 TB drives) by 2023.
452:
446:
387:
371:
316:
283:
272:
268:
238:
1612:"Seagate Unveils Mozaic 3+ HDD Platform as HAMR Readies for Volume Ramp"
888:"Seagate Unveils Mozaic 3+ HDD Platform as HAMR Readies for Volume Ramp"
312:
305:
1661:
485:, and that they expected 20 TB HAMR drives to ship by the end of 2020.
102:
1328:"TDK: HAMR technology could enable 15 TB HDDs already in 2015"
1068:"300 teraBITS is not 300 TB! And 3 TB isn't 300 TB!"
149:
145:
55:
301:
commenced research and development related to modern HAMR drives.
1277:"Seagate hints at 8 TB, 10 TB hard drive launch plans"
1097:
549:
Potential loss of magnetization (if the temperature exceeds the
440:
419:
415:
391:
279:
225:
21:"HAMR" redirects here. For the titanium production process, see
1636:
Dumas-Bouchiat, F.; Zanini, L. F.; et al. (8 March 2010).
627:"Seagate, TDK show off HAMR to jam more data into hard drives"
337:
255:
216:
instead of direct laser-based heating. Based on the idea of a
129:
1526:"Seagate develops hard disks with 24 TB memory and 480 MB/s"
286:, a music recording and playback format intended to replace
92:
There have been a series of technologies developed to allow
1093:"Laser-Heated Hard Drives Could Break Data Density Barrier"
910:"Multi Actuator Technology: A New Performance Breakthrough"
1247:"WD Demos Future HDD Storage Tech: 60 TB Hard Drives"
903:
901:
899:
897:
734:"Seagate demos HAMR HDDs, vows to start shipments in 2017"
165:, which suggests a laser or similar means of heating, but
109:; however these all appear to have similar limitations to
672:
1451:"HAMR: Seagate verschiebt HDD‑Technik für 20 TB+ erneut"
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
262:
In the 1980s, a class of mass storage device called the
921:
919:
1545:"WD and Seagate mull 10-platter HDDs: Stopgap or BFF?"
1190:"[CEATEC] TDK Claims HDD Areal Density Record"
184:
properties, so new drive materials must be developed.
533:
Cheap, as the laser used typically consumes low power
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
802:
311:As of 2007, Seagate believed it could produce 300
267:5.25-inch magneto-optic disk could hold 650
254:In 1954, engineers of PL Corporation working for
224:and more recently in 2017 as "under 200mW" (0.2
62:, while also controlling the effects of repeated
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1470:"Seagate Starts to Test 16 TB HAMR Hard Drives"
1398:"TDK promises 15 TB hard drives next year"
728:
726:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
8:
801:Lee, Aaron; Tsai, Joseph (15 January 2021).
481:stated that demand was being boosted by the
1638:"Thermomagnetically patterned micromagnets"
990:Jan Maes, Marc Vercammen (22 August 2013).
23:Hydrogen assisted magnesiothermic reduction
527:Can be used to make many types of patterns
445:(IOPS/ TB is an important metric for
804:"Seagate to expand HDD storage capacity"
180:are also not suitable due to their heat
169:limits the use of light at common laser
1700:
1698:
711:Hagedoorn, Hilbert (18 December 2017).
610:
1726:2002 Information by Seagate about HAMR
562:Depth of reversal is currently limited
197:to an HDD write head and implementing
584:Microwave-assisted magnetic recording
7:
1015:Anthony, Sebastian (20 March 2012).
760:"HAMR: the Next Leap Forward is Now"
620:
618:
616:
614:
128:increases, the size occupied by one
1449:GĂĽnsch, Michael (6 November 2018).
1301:Anthony, Sebastian (21 July 2014).
470:) being used as a stopgap solution.
271:of data with a road map to several
76:HAMR's planned successor, known as
1222:. 13 November 2013. Archived from
1131:. 7 September 2011. Archived from
713:"Backblaze on HAMR HDD Technology"
152:within the hard drive temporarily
14:
1677:Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
1487:Seagate statement 4 December 2018
908:Feist, Jason (18 December 2017).
773:Shilov, Anton (23 January 2021).
625:Stephen Lawson (1 October 2013).
451:, with a head lifetime of 4
107:shingled magnetic recording (SMR)
1746:Heat-assisted magnetic recording
1543:Mellor, Chris (7 October 2019).
458:perpendicular magnetic recording
443:), and 5 IOPS per TB"
324:perpendicular magnetic recording
29:Heat-assisted magnetic recording
1042:"Inside Seagate's R&D Labs"
1355:IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
678:"Seagate HAMR technical brief"
473:During an April 2020 investor
1:
1396:Alexander (13 October 2014).
99:perpendicular recording (PMR)
78:heated-dot magnetic recording
1422:Shilov, Anton (3 May 2017).
758:Re, Mark (23 October 2017).
600:Shingled magnetic recording
468:Shingled magnetic recording
353:shingled magnetic recording
118:magnetic recording trilemma
54:prevents the use of normal
18:Magnetic storage technology
1767:
1160:10.1109/INTMAG.2000.872350
456:to initially use existing
355:was used rather than HAMR.
20:
1689:10.1016/j.sna.2014.10.011
1375:10.1109/TMAG.2015.2439690
536:Can be easily implemented
500:Thermomagnetic patterning
483:2020 Coronavirus pandemic
427:Consumer Electronics Show
404:customer" tests, and the
195:semiconductor diode laser
1194:Nikkei Technology Online
1642:Applied Physics Letters
595:Perpendicular recording
942:US patent 2915594
579:Exchange spring media
343:November 2013 –
264:magneto-optical drive
1226:on 12 September 2014
1105:on 10 September 2015
994:. pp. 238–251.
780:www.tomshardware.com
425:At the January 2019
374:was also achievable.
372:enterprise customers
1751:Japanese inventions
1654:2010ApPhL..96j2511D
1367:2015ITM....5139690J
326:(PMR) at that time.
1135:on 30 January 2015
308:demonstrates HAMR.
186:Seagate Technology
1662:10.1063/1.3341190
1512:www.anandtech.com
1474:www.anandtech.com
810:www.digitimes.com
551:Curie temperature
432:In February 2019
199:near-field optics
178:magnetic platters
138:Curie temperature
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1565:. 23 April 2020.
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1549:Blocks and Files
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1402:hitechreview.com
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1343:
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1313:
1298:
1292:
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1289:
1287:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1253:. Archived from
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1196:. 2 October 2013
1186:
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1168:
1162:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
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1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1101:. Archived from
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1012:
1006:
1005:
987:
981:
980:
978:
976:
971:on 24 March 2012
967:. Archived from
957:
951:
950:
949:
945:
938:
932:
923:
914:
913:
905:
892:
891:
884:
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874:"Magnetic layer"
870:
864:
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856:
850:
849:
842:
836:
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828:
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738:
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721:
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685:
684:
682:
674:
647:
646:
644:
642:
633:. Archived from
622:
477:, Seagate's CEO
336:In October 2012
214:surface plasmons
105:-filled drives,
71:surface plasmons
41:magnetic storage
1766:
1765:
1761:
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1506:Shilov, Anton.
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1468:Shilov, Anton.
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756:
741:
732:
731:
724:
710:
709:
688:
680:
676:
675:
650:
640:
638:
637:on 3 April 2015
624:
623:
612:
608:
590:Patterned media
575:
546:
524:
511:
502:
461:
395:
345:Western Digital
297:"Late 1990s" –
288:audio cassettes
251:
90:
45:hard disk drive
35:) (pronounced "
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1738:
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1734:
1733:
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1721:
1720:External links
1718:
1716:
1715:
1706:
1694:
1667:
1648:(10): 102511.
1628:
1602:
1599:. 9 June 2023.
1582:
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544:Disadvantages
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521:
519:
517:
516:Halbach array
508:
506:
499:
494:
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487:
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476:
475:earnings call
472:
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437:
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385:
384:areal density
380:
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126:areal density
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100:
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1619:. Retrieved
1615:
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1455:ComputerBase
1454:
1444:
1432:. Retrieved
1427:
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:
1391:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1331:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1306:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:the original
1251:Tom's IT Pro
1250:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1224:the original
1220:xbitlabs.com
1219:
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1193:
1184:
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1166:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:the original
1128:
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1107:. Retrieved
1103:the original
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1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:
1062:
1050:. Retrieved
1045:
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1024:. Retrieved
1020:
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969:the original
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955:
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808:
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778:
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639:. Retrieved
635:the original
630:
512:
503:
479:David Mosley
444:
433:
411:benchmarking
406:supply chain
230:
208:
159:
135:
115:
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64:spot-heating
49:
36:
32:
28:
27:
15:
1683:: 298–304.
1430:. AnandTech
1332:kitguru.net
1307:ExtremeTech
1176:Seagate.com
1129:seagate.com
1021:ExtremeTech
965:seagate.com
961:"ST-41200N"
816:26 February
786:26 February
449:datastores)
292:Kerr effect
282:introduced
190:Showa Denko
171:wavelengths
167:diffraction
94:hard drives
82:form factor
52:diffraction
1740:Categories
1407:30 January
1337:30 January
1312:30 January
1286:30 January
1261:30 January
1230:30 January
1200:30 January
1139:30 January
1109:30 January
1077:30 January
1052:30 January
1026:30 January
975:30 January
717:Guru3D.com
641:30 January
606:References
522:Advantages
234:prototypes
222:milliwatts
211:nano-scale
182:conduction
163:nanosecond
154:spot-heats
122:coercivity
68:nano-scale
60:nanosecond
1616:Anandtech
1596:AnandTech
435:AnandTech
398:actuators
273:gigabytes
269:megabytes
243:actuators
218:waveguide
1530:slashCAM
1383:21074619
1281:bit-tech
928: :
573:See also
447:nearline
388:petabyte
317:terabyte
284:MiniDisc
259:storage.
88:Overview
39:") is a
1650:Bibcode
1434:18 June
1363:Bibcode
313:terabit
306:Fujitsu
304:2006 –
299:Seagate
249:History
1621:23 May
1381:
1048:. 2007
998:
948:
362:Tb/in.
315:(37.5
175:plated
142:needle
103:helium
37:hammer
1379:S2CID
1046:WIRED
681:(PDF)
509:Setup
150:laser
146:flame
144:in a
56:laser
1623:2024
1436:2017
1409:2015
1339:2015
1314:2015
1288:2015
1263:2015
1232:2015
1202:2015
1141:2015
1111:2015
1098:IEEE
1079:2015
1054:2015
1028:2015
996:ISBN
977:2015
818:2021
788:2021
643:2015
441:IOPS
420:SATA
418:and
416:SCSI
392:Watt
280:Sony
188:and
33:HAMR
1685:doi
1681:220
1658:doi
1371:doi
1156:doi
368:rpm
338:TDK
256:RCA
203:IDC
130:bit
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