Heat wave - Knowledge (XXG)

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the level. Level 1 represents normal summer conditions. Level 2 occurs when there is a 60% or higher risk that the temperature will be above the threshold levels for two days and the intervening night. Level 3 arises when the temperature has been above the threshold for the preceding day and night, and there is a 90% or higher chance that it will stay above the threshold in the following day. Level 4 is triggered if conditions are more severe than those of the preceding three levels. Each of the first three levels gives rise to a particular state of readiness and response by the social and health services. Level 4 involves a more widespread response. The threshold for a heat wave occurs when there are at least three days above 25 °C (77 °F) across much of the country. Greater London has a threshold of 28 °C (82 °F).

965: 994: 1128: 925:, a heat wave is typically when the temperature reaches or exceeds 90 °F (32.2 °C) for three consecutive days. This is not always the case. This is because the high temperature ties in with humidity levels to determine a heat index threshold. The same does not apply to drier climates. A heat storm is a Californian term for an extended heat wave. Heat storms occur when the temperature reaches 100 °F (37.8 °C) for three or more consecutive days over a wide area (tens of thousands of square miles). The 2203: 780: 1277: 2148: 2502:- Since May 2024, the longest heat wave has occurred in India and Pakistan with a new record temperature for India’s capital New Delhi of 49 °C (120 °F) (an even higher record of 53 °C (127 °F) had initially been reported in New Delhi on May 29 but was later found to be attributable to a faulty sensor), and temperatures in Pakistan getting as high as 52.2 °C (126.0 °F). 1078:. The air warms as it descends from the Karoo interior. The temperature will rise about 10 Celsius from the interior to the coast. Humidity is usually very low. The temperature can be over 40 Celsius in summer. The highest temperature recorded in South Africa (51.5 Celsius) occurred one summer during a berg wind along the Eastern Cape coastline. 58: 5561:

Bin-Jumah, May; Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E.; Abdelnour, Sameh A.; Hendy, Yasmeen A.; Ghanem, Hager A.; Alsafy, Sara A.; Khafaga, Asmaa F.; Noreldin, Ahmed E.; Shaheen, Hazem; Samak, Dalia; Momenah, Maha A.; Allam, Ahmed A.; AlKahtane, Abdullah A.; Alkahtani, Saad; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.; Aleya, Lotfi (19

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from countries including Indonesia, Jordan, Tunisia, and India. It is reported that as many as 1300 people may have died. Saudi authorities have said most who died were not officially authorized to perform Hajj. Forecasts predicted temperatures as high as 113 °F (45 °C) on 19 June 2024. The

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of livestock is less effective when they suffer from heat stress. So far, heat stress had been estimated by researchers using inconsistent definitions, and current livestock models have limited correlation with experimental data. Notably, since livestock like cows spend much of their day laying down,

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can intensify heat waves in Europe. Low soil moisture leads to a number of complex feedback mechanisms. These in turn can result in increased surface temperatures. One of the main mechanisms is reduced evaporative cooling of the atmosphere. When water evaporates, it consumes energy. So, it will lower

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The number of heat fatalities is probably highly underreported. This is due to a lack of reports and to misreporting. When considering heat-related illnesses as well, actual death tolls from extreme heat may be six times higher than official figures. This is based on studies of California and Japan.

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area at the surface leads to surface wind from lower latitudes that brings warm air, enhancing the warming. The surface winds could also blow from the hot continental interior towards the coastal zone. This would lead to heat waves on the coast. They could also blow from high towards low elevations.

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operates a Heat Health Watch system. This places each Local Authority region into one of four levels. Heat wave conditions occur when the maximum daytime temperature and minimum nighttime temperature rise above the threshold for a particular region. The length of time above that threshold determines

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in 2003 showed that heat wave dangers result from a combination of natural and social factors. Social invisibility is one such factor. Heat-related deaths can occur indoors, for instance among elderly people living alone. In these cases it can be challenging to assign heat as a contributing factor.

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It is possible to compare heat waves in different regions of the world with different climates thanks to a general indicator that appeared in 2015. With these indicators, experts estimated heat waves at the global scale from 1901 to 2010. They found a substantial and sharp increase in the number of

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In July 2019, there were over 50 million people in the United States in jurisdictions with heat advisories. Scientists predicted that many records for highest low temperatures would be broken in the days following these warnings. This means the lowest temperature in a 24-hour period will be higher

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Heat waves cause roads and highways to buckle and melt, water lines to burst, and power transformers to detonate, causing fires. A heat wave can also damage railways, by buckling and kinking rails. This can slow down or delay traffic. It can even lead to cancellations of service when rails are too

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may cause mass mortality in fish populations, especially for species that are better adapted to cooler temperatures. Species that have adapted to warmer temperatures may expand their range during a heatwave. These invasive species may outcompete the native species that experience higher mortality

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Livestock can also suffer multiple sublethal impacts from heat stress, such as reduced milk production. Once the temperatures exceed 30 °C (86 °F), cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens all begin to consume 3–5% less feed for each subsequent degree of temperature increase. At the same

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Smale, Dan A.; Wernberg, Thomas; Oliver, Eric C. J.; Thomsen, Mads; Harvey, Ben P.; Straub, Sandra C.; Burrows, Michael T.; Alexander, Lisa V.; Benthuysen, Jessica A.; Donat, Markus G.; Feng, Ming; Hobday, Alistair J.; Holbrook, Neil J.; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E.; Scannell, Hillary A. (April

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Experts can often attribute the intensity of individual heat waves to global warming. Some extreme events would have been nearly impossible without human influence on the climate system. A heatwave that would occur once every ten years before global warming started now occurs 2.8 times as often.

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that describes the temperatures where they perform best. Temperature conditions that are outside of this range may experience decreased fitness and the inability to reproduce. The species with sufficient genetic variation will be able to ensure some individuals can survive frequent days of high

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originating in the Gulf of Mexico becomes stationary just off the Atlantic Seaboard. Hot humid air masses form over the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. At the same time hot dry air masses form over the desert Southwest and northern Mexico. The southwest winds on the back side of the high

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The relationship between extreme temperature and mortality in the United States varies by location. Heat is more likely to increase the risk of death in cities in the northern part of the country than in southern regions. As a whole, people in the United States appear to be adapting to hotter

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defines a heat wave as occurring over three consecutive days with temperatures at 39 °C (102 °F) or higher. In the same period the minimum temperature is 26 °C (79 °F) or more. During this period, there are either no winds or only weak winds. These conditions occur in a broad area.

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is usually measured relative to the usual climate in the area and to normal temperatures for the season. Temperatures that humans from a hotter climate consider normal, can be regarded as a heat wave in a cooler area. This would be the case if the warm temperatures are outside the normal

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One study looked at fine particle concentrations and ozone concentrations from 1860 to 2000. It found that the global population-weighted fine particle concentrations increased by 5 percent due to climate change. Near-surface ozone concentrations rose by 2 percent.

2510:- Since mid-June 2024, Greece has been experiencing a heatwave, Europe's first heatwave of the year. Temperatures in Greece are forecast to reach to 43 °C (109 °F). Turkey has also been affected with temperatures hitting 44 °C (111 °F). 2300:

comprehensive heat stress estimation needs to take account of ground temperature as well, but the first model to do so was only published in 2021, and it still tends to systematically overestimate body temperature while underestimating breathing rate.

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Heat waves often have complex effects on economies. They reduce labour productivity, disrupt agricultural and industrial processes and damage infrastructure that is not suitable for extreme heat. In 2016, a marine heatwave in Chile and its subsequent

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in the upper atmosphere strengthens and remains over a region for several days up to several weeks. This traps heat near the earth's surface. It is usually possible to forecast heat waves, thus allowing the authorities to issue a warning in advance.

3941:. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US. 2103:

High temperatures also have a significant effect on income. A study of countries in the United States found that the economic productivity of individual days declines by about 1.7 percent for each degree Celsius above 15 °C (59 °F).

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Heat waves have an impact on the economy. They can reduce labour productivity, disrupt agricultural and industrial processes and damage infrastructure. Severe heat waves have caused catastrophic crop failures and thousands of deaths from

2344:, fires raged through Portugal. They destroyed over 3,010 square kilometres (1,160 sq mi) of forest and 440 square kilometres (170 sq mi) of agricultural land. They caused about €1 billion worth of damage. High end 3559:

Zampieri, Matteo; Russo, Simone; Di Sabatino, Silvana; Michetti, Melania; Scoccimarro, Enrico; Gualdi, Silvio (2016). "Global assessment of heatwave magnitudes from 1901 to 2010 and implications for the river discharge of the Alps".

1335:. In some heat waves there is a decrease in overall mortality in the weeks after a heat wave. These compensatory reductions in mortality suggest that heat affects people who would have died anyway, and brings their deaths forward. 1025:

at an altitude of 10,000–25,000 feet (3,000–7,600 metres) strengthens and remains over a region for several days and up to several weeks. This is common in summer in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This is because the

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Researchers have predicted that roughly 10-40% of all land vertebrate species will be affected by heat waves by 2099, depending on the amount of future greenhouse gas emissions. Heatwaves present an additional form of stress and

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rates go up when temperatures go up. This is particularly the case with violent crimes such as assault, murder and rape. In politically unstable countries, high temperatures can exacerbate factors that lead to civil war.

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Heat waves are the most lethal type of weather phenomenon in the United States. Between 1992 and 2001, deaths from excessive heat in the United States numbered 2,190, compared with 880 deaths from floods and 150 from

1162:. It includes minor conditions such as heat cramps, heat syncope, and heat exhaustion as well as the more severe condition known as heat stroke. It can affect any or all anatomical systems. Heat illnesses include: 944:

defines a heat wave as three or more days of unusual maximum and minimum temperatures. Before this new Pilot Heatwave Forecast there was no national definition for heat waves or measures of heat wave severity.

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An investigation to assess the joint mortality effects of ozone and heat during the European heat waves in 2003 concluded that these appear to be reinforce each other and increase mortality when combined.

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A heat wave occurring during a drought can contribute to bushfires and wildfires. This is because a drought dries out vegetation, so it is more likely to catch fire. During the disastrous heat wave that

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Weather patterns are generally slower to change in summer than in winter. So, this upper level high pressure also moves slowly. Under high pressure, the air sinks toward the surface. It warms and dries

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exceeds 25 °C (77 °F). During this period the maximum temperature in De Bilt must exceed 30 °C (86 °F) for at least three days. Belgium also uses this definition of a heat wave with

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A possible public health measure during heat waves is to set up air-conditioned public cooling centres. Adding air conditioning in schools provides a cooler work place. But it can result in additional

2095:. This can affect performance. It may also lead to an increase in violent crime. High temperatures are associated with increased conflict between individuals and at the social level. In every society, 885:). It defines this using the same criteria for a 25 °C (77.0 °F) temperature. Sweden defines a heat wave as at least five days in a row with a daily high exceeding 25 °C (77.0 °F). 976: 1318:

Due to climate change temperatures rose in Europe and heat mortality increased. From 2003–12 to 2013–22 alone, it increased by 17 deaths per 100,000 people, while women are more vulnerable than men.

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the surrounding temperature. If the soil is very dry, then incoming radiation from the sun will warm the air. But there will be little or no cooling effect from moisture evaporating from the soil.

2529: 3303: 2322:, thousands of homes and businesses went without power, especially in California. In Los Angeles, electrical transformers failed, leaving thousands without power for as long as five days. The 1308:

and all-cause mortality. Heat-related deaths in people older than 65 years reached a record high of an estimated 345 000 deaths in 2019". More than 70,000 Europeans died as a result of the

2669:. Many government agencies have declared local emergencies and advised safety measures to protect residents from the heat, and some countries have closed schools or shortened their hours. 1118:

Under further warming, heatwaves are set to become more frequent. An event that would occur every ten years would occur every other year if global warming reaches 2 °C (3.6 °F).

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pollution in urban areas worse. This raises heat-related mortality during heat waves. During heat waves in urban areas, ground level ozone pollution can be 20 percent higher than usual.

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countries. Heat waves have become more frequent, and more intense over land, across almost every area on Earth since the 1950s, the increase in frequency and duration being caused by

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Smith, Kathryn E.; Burrows, Michael T.; Hobday, Alistair J.; King, Nathan G.; Moore, Pippa J.; Sen Gupta, Alex; Thomsen, Mads S.; Wernberg, Thomas; Smale, Dan A. (16 January 2023).

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include people with low incomes, minority groups, women (in particular pregnant women), children, older adults (over 65 years old), people with chronic diseases, disabilities and

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Mora, Camilo; Counsell, Chelsie W. W.; Bielecki, Coral R.; Louis, Leo V. (November 2017), "Twenty-Seven Ways a Heat Wave Can Kill You: Deadly Heat in the Era of Climate Change",

2571:- At least 59 heat-related deaths were recorded in Japan, with at least 62 temperature observation posts across Japan breaking temperature records in July 2024. According to the 2494:, resulting in unprecedented high temperatures of up to 38.8 °C (101.8 °F) that have caused school closures and prompted urgent health advisories throughout the region. 2717:

About 6,200 Americans need hospital treatment each summer, according to data from 2008. This is due to excessive heat, and those at highest risk are poor, uninsured or elderly.

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Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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caused major power disruptions in the city of Melbourne. They left over half a million people without power as the heat wave blew transformers and overloaded a power grid.

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In Adelaide, South Australia, a heat wave is five consecutive days at or above 35 °C (95 °F), or three consecutive days at or over 40 °C (104 °F). The

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continue to pump hot, humid Gulf air northeastwards. This results in a spell of hot and humid weather for much of the eastern United States and into southeastern Canada.

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Heat waves often lead to spikes in electricity demand because there is more use of air conditioning. This can create power outages, making the problem worse. During the

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regions. For example, the record-breaking heat wave that afflicted Pakistan beginning in May 2022 led to glacier melt and moisture flow. These were factors in the

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Social institutions and structures influence the effects of risks. This factor can also help explain the underreporting of heat waves as a health risk. The deadly

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Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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Trainer, Vera L.; Moore, Stephanie K.; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf; Kudela, Raphael M.; Clement, Alejandro; Mardones, Jorge I.; Cochlan, William P. (1 January 2020).

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effect) during those years is excluded, the exposure increased a further 50%. The researchers compiled a comprehensive list of past urban extreme heat events.

877:) as a period of at least 3 consecutive days in which the average maximum temperature across more than half the country exceeds 28 °C (82.4 °F). The 6842: 6657: 3863:

Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Corti, Thierry; Davin, Edouard L.; Hirschi, Martin; Jaeger, Eric B.; Lehner, Irene; Orlowsky, Boris; Teuling, Adriaan J. (1 May 2010).

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A temperature of 52.9°C recorded in Mungeshpur, Delhi, originally thought to be record-breaking, turned out to be roughly 3°C too high due to a faulty sensor.

6041: 3921: 2323: 719: 2575:(JMA), the average temperatures reached during the heatwaves represented the hottest for Japan in April and July since its record-keeping began in 1898. 2360:

Heat waves can also contribute to flooding. Because hot air is able to carry more moisture, heatwaves may be followed by extreme rainfall especially in

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Prevention includes avoiding medications that can increase the risk of heat illness, gradual adjustment to heat, and sufficient fluids and electrolytes.

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In the United States, definitions also vary by region. They usually involve a period of at least two or more days of excessively hot weather. In the

3393:. National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) NCEI.NOAA.gov of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). November 2023. 2172: 6578: 4516:

Robine, Jean-Marie; Cheung, Siu Lan K; Le Roy, Sophie; Van Oyen, Herman; Griffiths, Clare; Michel, Jean-Pierre; Herrmann, François Richard (2008).

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is that a heat wave occurs when the daily maximum temperature of more than five consecutive days exceeds the average maximum temperature by 5

7480: 3751: 3364: 7775: 2195: 6396: 4332:"Ambient heat and acute kidney injury: case-crossover analysis of 1 354 675 automated e-alert episodes linked to high-resolution climate data" 3629:

Tuholske, Cascade; Caylor, Kelly; Funk, Chris; Verdin, Andrew; Sweeney, Stuart; Grace, Kathryn; Peterson, Pete; Evans, Tom (12 October 2021).

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temperatures further north each decade. This might be due to better infrastructure, more modern building design and better public awareness.

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Calculations from 2022 suggest that heat waves will shrink the global economy by about 1 percent decrease by the middle of the 21st century.

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Hajat, Shakoor; Casula, Anna; Murage, Peninah; Omoyeni, Daniel; Gray, Tom; Plummer, Zoe; Steenkamp, Retha; Nitsch, Dorothea (1 March 2024).

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as "a period of abnormally hot weather, often defined with reference to a relative temperature threshold, lasting from two days to months."

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In some countries, the high heat has caused excessive energy demand. Drought conditions have worsened across the region. In Indonesia,

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Romanello, Marina; Di Napoli, Claudia; Drummond, Paul; Green, Carole; Kennard, Harry; Lampard, Pete; et al. (5 November 2022).

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are twice as likely as they were in 1980. Climate change will lead to more very hot days and fewer very cold days. There are fewer

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García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin; Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (4 October 2021).

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Romanello, Marina; McGushin, Alice; Di Napoli, Claudia; Drummond, Paul; Hughes, Nick; Jamart, Louis; et al. (October 2021).

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García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin; Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (4 October 2021).

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involved temperatures as high as 40 °C (104 °F). This and a late rain season scorched tea leaves and reduced yields.

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Map of increasing heat wave trends (frequency and cumulative intensity) over the midlatitudes and Europe, July–August 1979–2020

878: 6986: 6901: 7744: 7709: 5436: 4699: 4517: 4440:"Climate Change and the Emergent Epidemic of CKD from Heat Stress in Rural Communities: the Case for Heat Stress Nephropathy" 3339: 2401:

during a heatwave, which disrupts ecosystem functioning. Marine heatwaves have also been correlated with negative impacts on

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can help address oxidative stress and prevent it from leading to other pathological conditions, but only in a limited way.

7806: 7724: 7694: 7687: 7674: 7664: 7659: 7602: 7523: 7361: 7296: 2624: 2491: 2462: 2319: 1030:'follows the sun'. The high pressure area is on the equator side of the jet stream in the upper layers of the atmosphere. 594: 3604: 2295:

is also known to be impaired in heat-stressed animals, rendering them more susceptible to various infections. Similarly,

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in the table above is a measure of how hot it feels when relative humidity is factored with the actual air temperature.

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is a spectrum of disorders due to increased body temperature. It can be caused by either environmental conditions or by

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The Netherlands defines a heat wave as a period of at least five consecutive days in which the maximum temperature in

3698:"A Model Study of Heat Waves over North America: Meteorological Aspects and Projections for the Twenty-First Century" 3285: 2432:. This advocates for naming heat waves, measuring them, and ranking them to build better awareness of their impacts. 2226:". Livestock mortality rates are already known to be higher during the hottest months of the year, as well as during 1267:(CKD). Prolonged heat exposure, physical exertion, and dehydration are sufficient factors for the development of CKD. 5880:

Sauter, Christoph; Fowler, Hayley J.; Westra, Seth; Ali, Haider; Peleg, Nadav; White, Christopher J. (1 June 2023).

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Bett, B.; Kiunga, P.; Gachohi, J.; Sindato, C.; Mbotha, D.; Robinson, T.; Lindahl, J.; Grace, D. (23 January 2017).

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Lipman, GS; Eifling, KP; Ellis, MA; Gaudio, FG; Otten, EM; Grissom, CK; Wilderness Medical Society (December 2013).

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According to a 2022 study, 107 million people in the US will experience extremely dangerous heat in the year 2053.

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Heatwaves over land have become more frequent and more intense in almost all world regions since the 1950s, due to

1006: 922: 756: 135: 49: 6248:"Over 150 monkey deaths now linked to heat wave in Mexico: "There are going to be a lot of casualties" - CBS News" 3079:

Frich, A.; L.V. Alexander; P. Della-Marta; B. Gleason; M. Haylock; A.M.G. Klein Tank; T. Peterson (January 2002).

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Once the body temperature of livestock animals is 3–4 °C (5.4–7.2 °F) above normal, this soon leads to "

7368: 7266: 7235: 3910: 2798: 1096: 761: 6760: 2898: 2873: 7867: 7749: 7719: 7505: 6447: 5306:"Rising Heat is Making it Harder to Work in the U.S. — the Costs for the Economy Will Soar with Climate Change" 4726: 4287:

Demain, Jeffrey G. (24 March 2018). "Climate Change and the Impact on Respiratory and Allergic Disease: 2018".

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New high temperature records have outpaced new low temperature records on a growing portion of Earth's surface.

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Bagath, M.; Krishnan, G.; Deravaj, C.; Rashamol, V. P.; Pragna, P.; Lees, A. M.; Sejian, V. (21 August 2019).

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said it transported a higher-than-normal number of bodies to the morgue during the period of 20 to 25 June.

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caused $ 800 million (USD) in export losses for the aquaculture industry as salmon and shellfish died off.

7633: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7427: 5612: 5523: 4855: 2691: 2470: 2341: 1332: 1264: 1248: 1039: 934: 620: 6071: 6007: 4401: 4158:"Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of heat-related illness" 2975: 2779: 1316:, Pakistan in June 2015 due to a severe heat wave with temperatures as high as 49 °C (120 °F). 7538: 7528: 7485: 7391: 7341: 7286: 7274: 7251: 6963: 4662: 2588: 2499: 2378: 1135: 941: 801: 615: 373: 297: 3938: 3755: 3368: 3065: 1009:

above 30 Celsius tripled between 1983 and 2016, and if the effect of population growth (increasing the

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activities, which can result in an imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant molecules, otherwise known as

7346: 7326: 7316: 7306: 7256: 6170: 6146: 5785: 5728: 5671: 5343: 5125: 5058: 4847: 4738: 4658:"Relation between Elevated Ambient Temperature and Mortality: A Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence" 4229:"The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future" 3876: 3821: 3709: 3642: 3569: 3531: 3446: 3095: 3013: 2885: 2836: 2568: 2554: 2365: 1221:. Exposure to extreme heat poses an acute health hazard for many of the people deemed as vulnerable. 733: 331: 7857: 7842: 7321: 5859: 4860: 2932: 2160: 1305: 1252: 1240: 1043: 779: 728: 625: 564: 390: 5397:"Pelagic harmful algal blooms and climate change: Lessons from nature's experiments with extremes" 2611:

recorded 50.5 °C (122.9 °F), which was the highest temperature in India in eight years.

7396: 7356: 7194: 7160: 7016: 6987:"An 'extreme heat belt' will impact over 100 million Americans in the next 30 years, study finds" 5640: 5593: 5235: 4998: 4930: 4881: 4795: 4774:

Huynen, Maud M. T. E; Martens, Pim; Schram, Dieneke; Weijenberg, Matty P; Kunst, Anton E (2001).

4756: 4312: 4269: 4016: 3845: 3435:"Accelerated western European heatwave trends linked to more-persistent double jets over Eurasia" 2735: 2478: 2453: 2441: 2402: 2345: 2255: 2215: 1297: 1071: 1055: 1022: 954: 400: 378: 285: 246: 110: 62: 7107:

Robert E. Davis; Paul C. Knappenberger; Patrick J. Michaels; Wendy M. Novicoff (November 2003).

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Diem, Jeremy E.; Stauber, Christine E.; Rothenberg, Richard (16 May 2017). Añel, Juan A. (ed.).

3081:"Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century" 5882:"Compound extreme hourly rainfall preconditioned by heatwaves most likely in the mid-latitudes" 5772:

Li, Jinghui; Narayanan, Vinod; Kebreab, Ermias; Dikmen, Sedal; Fadel, James G. (23 July 2021).

7138: 7061: 6734: 6174: 6151: 6101: 6015: 5963: 5901: 5754: 5697: 5632: 5585: 5543: 5504: 5486: 5418: 5377: 5359: 5257: 5216: 5198: 5159: 5141: 5094: 5076: 5047:"Heat in the southeastern United States: Characteristics, trends, and potential health impact" 4922: 4873: 4813: 4681: 4628: 4537: 4469: 4361: 4353: 4304: 4261: 4179: 4110: 4088: 4051: 4008: 3892: 3837: 3773: 3678: 3660: 3585: 3474: 3196: 3150: 3047: 3029: 2854: 2745: 2223: 1218: 1214: 1067: 1047: 1035: 1010: 630: 5114:"Long-term Changes in Extreme Air Pollution Meteorology and the Implications for Air Quality" 2635:

countries have experienced record-breaking temperatures which have left several people dead.

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Effects of climate change on human health § Heat-related health effects for vulnerable people

7816: 7128: 7120: 6141: 6133: 6091: 6083: 5955: 5893: 5793: 5744: 5736: 5687: 5679: 5660:"Thermodynamic assessment of heat stress in dairy cattle: lessons from human biometeorology" 5624: 5575: 5535: 5494: 5478: 5408: 5367: 5351: 5247: 5206: 5190: 5149: 5133: 5084: 5066: 5025: 4994: 4990: 4961: 4912: 4865: 4803: 4787: 4746: 4671: 4620: 4529: 4459: 4451: 4417: 4343: 4296: 4251: 4243: 4169: 4078: 4043: 3998: 3988: 3959: 3884: 3829: 3717: 3668: 3650: 3577: 3539: 3464: 3454: 3417: 3262: 3103: 3037: 3021: 2893: 2844: 2806: 2687: 2429: 2361: 2278: 2247: 2239: 2092: 1256: 1108: 794: 508: 395: 307: 150: 66: 5851: 3123: 3080: 7821: 7219: 7214: 7209: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 3433:

Rousi, Efi; Kornhuber, Kai; Beobide-Arsuaga, Goratz; Luo, Fei; Coumou, Dim (4 July 2022).

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on 28 April 2024. The heat wave has been attributed to a combination of causes, including

2558: 2541: 2474: 2397: 1167: 983: 701: 476: 179: 131: 99: 6421: 6087: 3544: 3416:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, 2928:"This Summer’s Record-Breaking Heat Waves Would Not Have Happened without Climate Change" 2765: 2485:, and over 48 deaths in Mexico with over 950 people suffering from heat-related ailments. 2151:

2009 southeastern Australia heat wave, thermal map approximate affected area shown in red

5798: 5789: 5773: 5732: 5675: 5347: 5129: 5062: 4851: 4742: 4700:"Heat waves are far deadlier than we think. How California neglects this climate threat" 4034:

Lugo-Amador, Nannette M; Rothenhaus, Todd; Moyer, Peter (2004). "Heat-related illness".

3958:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US, pp. 3−32, 3880: 3825: 3808:

Miralles, D. G.; van den Berg, M. J.; Teuling, A. J.; de Jeu, R. A. M. (November 2012).

3791: 3713: 3646: 3573: 3535: 3450: 3099: 3017: 2889: 2840: 2690:. About 400 deaths a year on average are directly due to heat in the United States. The 1276: 1051:

This enhances the subsidence or sinking of the air and therefore the adiabatic warming.

7801: 7199: 7133: 7108: 7038: 6122:"Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services" 5749: 5716: 5692: 5659: 5499: 5466: 5372: 5331: 5305: 5211: 5178: 5154: 5113: 5089: 5046: 4808: 4775: 4464: 4439: 4130: 3673: 3630: 3469: 3434: 3399:(change "202310" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 10=October) 3042: 3001: 2648: 2632: 2608: 2477:, leading to dozens of broken temperature records, mass deaths of animals from several 1210: 1183: 1104: 1005:

One study in 2021 investigated 13,115 cities. It found that extreme heat exposure of a

784: 691: 525: 103: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5018:"Does the Environment Still Matter? Daily Temperature and Income in the United States" 4421: 4348: 4331: 4247: 3975:

Clarke, Ben; Otto, Friederike; Stuart-Smith, Rupert; Harrington, Luke (28 June 2022).

2234:, for instance, thousands of pigs, poultry, and rabbits died in the French regions of 7836: 5943: 5644: 5597: 5283: 4934: 4869: 4776:"The Impact of Heat Waves and Cold Spells on Mortality Rates in the Dutch Population" 4760: 4608: 4273: 4020: 2640: 2292: 1260: 1082: 930: 647: 601: 547: 496: 383: 6200:"Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance: Reducing Extreme Heat Risk for Vulnerable People" 6121: 5580: 5563: 5539: 5524:"Effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of livestock diseases" 5002: 4885: 4083: 3888: 3849: 3581: 2603:, which typically lasts from March to July with peak temperatures in April and May. 1296:

Health experts warn that "exposure to extreme heat increases the risk of death from

7811: 7759: 6868:"Delhi weather station that recorded 52.9°C had '3°C sensor error': Union Minister" 4316: 3605:"Exposure to extreme urban heat has tripled worldwide since the 1980s, study finds" 2636: 2418: 2147: 1232: 1206: 1171: 1155: 1148: 1063: 537: 461: 292: 119: 69:

traps heat near the ground, forming a heat wave (for North America in this example)

6357:‘Inside an oven’: sweltering heat ravages crops and takes lives in south-east Asia 3865:"Investigating soil moisture–climate interactions in a changing climate: A review" 3737: 3517:"Top ten European heatwaves since 1950 and their occurrence in the coming decades" 2177:

Heat waves are a big threat to agricultural production. In 2019 heat waves in the

1255:. Adverse pregnancy outcomes due to high ambient temperatures include for example 6902:"Searing heat is back across Southeast Asia and it's not going away anytime soon" 6843:"Delhi's record 52.9C temperature reading was wrong by three degrees, India says" 6631: 6553: 6499: 6299:"Experts warn of hail, whirlwinds in Mexico after new heat record in the capital" 6226:"The world's getting hotter. Can naming heat waves raise awareness of the risks?" 5071: 4981:

Hsiang, Solomon; Burke, Marshall; Miguel, Edward (2015). "Climate and Conflict".

6203: 4485: 4483: 4433: 4431: 4395: 4393: 3289: 2825:"More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century" 2644: 2296: 2282: 2271: 2219: 2211: 1228: 1224: 1179: 1163: 1131: 686: 574: 569: 532: 481: 412: 358: 314: 302: 251: 38: 6895: 6893: 5959: 5897: 5717:"Environmental parameters to assessing of heat stress in dairy cattle—a review" 5683: 5628: 5355: 5252: 4624: 4533: 4492:"The world's torrid future is etched in the crippled kidneys of Nepali workers" 3993: 3976: 3459: 3025: 6812:"Rajasthan's Churu records 50.5 degree celsius, becomes hottest city in India" 6137: 5850:

Bell, M.; A. Giannini; E. Grover; M. Hopp; B. Lyon; A. Seth (September 2003).

5740: 5413: 5194: 4300: 4174: 4157: 4047: 3963: 3722: 3697: 3421: 2810: 2652: 2600: 2267: 2080: 1356: 1175: 1027: 909: 845: 681: 664: 606: 554: 417: 353: 348: 341: 268: 263: 221: 209: 45: 31: 6178: 6155: 6105: 5967: 5905: 5813: 5490: 5422: 5363: 5202: 5145: 5080: 4950:"Thermal stress in the U.S.A.: effects on violence and on employee behaviour" 4926: 4357: 4198: 4012: 3896: 3841: 3664: 3033: 859:

is: "A period of abnormally and uncomfortably hot and usually humid weather."

85:, is a period of abnormally hot weather. Definitions vary but are similar. A 7094: 4900: 4676: 4657: 4609:"How climate change is hitting Europe: three graphics reveal health impacts" 4406:

Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels"

3655: 2849: 2824: 2730: 2707: 2699: 2695: 2604: 1244: 1112: 671: 466: 456: 368: 336: 319: 280: 258: 214: 7142: 6964:"50 Million Americans Are Currently Living Under Some Type of Heat Warning" 5758: 5701: 5636: 5589: 5547: 5508: 5381: 5261: 5220: 5163: 5098: 4877: 4817: 4685: 4632: 4541: 4473: 4365: 4308: 4265: 4183: 4092: 4055: 4003: 3682: 3589: 3478: 3051: 2858: 134:. It poses danger to human health, because heat and sunlight overwhelm the 6579:"At least 1,300 hajj pilgrims died during extreme heat, Saudi Arabia says" 5613:"The impact of heat stress on the immune system in dairy cattle: A review" 4751: 3173:(in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. 22 July 2008. Archived from 2532:

to temporarily stop distribution of electricity to portions of the nation.

1331:

Part of the mortality during a heat wave may be due to short-term forward

1223:

Climate change increases the frequency and severity of heatwaves and thus

1042:

and prevents the formation of clouds. A reduction of clouds increases the

6787:"In pictures: India records 'longest' heatwave, Delhi faces water crisis" 6371:"In pictures: India records 'longest' heatwave, Delhi faces water crisis" 6096: 6042:"Extreme heat triggers mass die-offs and stress for wildlife in the West" 5564:"Potential use of chromium to combat thermal stress in animals: A review" 4455: 4256: 3833: 3810:"Soil moisture-temperature coupling: A multiscale observational analysis" 2805:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, pp. 2897–2930, 2482: 2286: 2270:

its fat stores to sustain itself. Heat stress also causes an increase in

2251: 2235: 2227: 1159: 1075: 1054:

In the eastern regions of the United States a heat wave can occur when a

848:), the normal period being 1961–1990. The same definition is used by the 471: 123: 95: 17: 6761:"Climate change, El Nino factor into Japan's warmest April in 130 years" 6474:"Hundreds of Hajj pilgrims die as Mecca temperatures hit 120 Fahrenheit" 5482: 5332:"Current and projected regional economic impacts of heatwaves in Europe" 3002:"Current and projected regional economic impacts of heatwaves in Europe" 6933:"Large swathes of Asia sweltering through record breaking temperatures" 4799: 3977:"Extreme weather impacts of climate change: an attribution perspective" 3809: 2949: 2711: 2662: 2562: 2545: 2259: 2178: 1313: 1213:. Other people at risk include those in urban environments (due to the 897: 841: 637: 515: 503: 451: 434: 405: 363: 326: 273: 202: 158: 127: 98:

often occurs during heat waves as well. This is especially the case in

91: 5982:"Physiological Optima and Critical Limits | Learn Science at Scitable" 5137: 4917: 3955: 3413: 2802: 2196:

Effects of climate change on livestock § Health impacts of heat stress

57: 7124: 5942:

Murali, Gopal; Iwamura, Takuya; Meiri, Shai; Roll, Uri (March 2023).

5829:"Heat Eases, but Thousands of Southern Californians Still Lack Power" 4966: 4949: 4833:"The 2003 Heat Wave in France: Dangerous Climate Change Here and Now" 3108: 2658: 2525: 2466: 2274: 2263: 2182: 1187: 439: 427: 422: 189: 184: 174: 167: 6522: 6520: 6343:

Wave of exceptionally hot weather scorches south and south-east Asia

5919:

Clarke, Ben; Otto, Friederike; Harrington, Luke (2 September 2022).

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for species that already deal with habitat loss and climate change.

1107:. Heat waves are more likely to occur simultaneously with droughts. 6632:"Pakistan: More than 500 die in six days as heatwave grips country" 5715:

Herbut, Piotr; Angrecka, Sabina; Walczak, Jacek (27 October 2018).

5030: 5017: 3920:. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2021. pp. 8–10. 2703: 2665:, the heat wave exacerbated the humanitarian crisis caused by the 2596: 2516: 2201: 2146: 2123: 2117: 2113: 2096: 1290:

Effects of climate change on human health § Heat-related mortality

1275: 1236: 1126: 992: 902: 642: 579: 241: 234: 56: 6710:"Heat Sears Paris and London While Wildfires Hit Southern Europe" 6274:"Photos: Submerged homes and heatwaves fuel Mexico climate angst" 4557:"Heat Wave Death Toll Rises to 2,000 in Pakistan's Financial Hub" 2916:. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2021. pp. 8–10. 6606:"Kuwait Forced to Cut Power to Some Areas as Heat Raises Demand" 6472:

Kent, Lauren; Faraj, Caroline; Atay Alam, Hande (19 June 2024).

6397:"India heatwave kills at least 33, including election officials" 4518:"Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003" 2349: 1352: 659: 559: 542: 520: 446: 7156: 7081: 2091:

Excessive heat causes psychological stress as well as physical

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Effects of climate change § Heat waves and temperature extremes

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events (for increasing degrees of global warming) are expected.

1247:. Furthermore, it may cause the deterioration of pre-existing 654: 7152: 5179:"The Interplay of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Health" 889: 44:"Heat waves" redirects here. For the Glass Animals song, see 6658:"Karachi Sees a Surge in Deaths as Heat Wave Sears Pakistan" 6317:"Photos: Southeast Asia swelters in record-setting heatwave" 7085:

By Eric Klinenberg. Slate.com. Posted Tuesday, 30 July 2002

7082:

Dead Heat: Why don't Americans sweat over heat-wave deaths?

7039:

Near-Fatal Heat Stroke during the 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago

2899:

10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0762:OTDOAH>2.0.CO;2

6683:"After rainy start, heatwave announced for Paris Olympics" 2254:

rates, and the combination of these responses can lead to

4727:"Estimation of Excess Deaths during Hot Summers in Japan" 3790:. City of Cape Town, South Africa Website. Archived from 2595:

Since May 2024, a severe and long heat wave has impacted

1066:

Province of South Africa, a heat wave can occur when the

4901:"Can Japan really reach "zero deaths" from heat stroke?" 4109:(6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 1186. 3515:

Russo, Simone; Sillmann, Jana; Fischer, Erich M (2015).

6554:"At least 1,301 people died during Hajj - Saudi Arabia" 6448:"Deadly Toll in Greece as Heat Waves Sweep the Country" 5944:"Future temperature extremes threaten land vertebrates" 5467:"Impact of climate change on animal health and welfare" 4831:

Poumadère, M.; Mays, C.; Le Mer, S.; Blong, R. (2005).

4380:"Hot weather increases the risk of acute kidney injury" 2521:

resulted in the deaths of pilgrims in the city for Hajj

2424:

Policymakers, funders and researchers have created the

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for people. Human responses to heat stress can include

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Large increases in both the frequency and intensity of

7109:"Changing heat-related mortality in the United States" 5437:"Malawi heatwaves threaten tea yields and livelihoods" 4444:

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

3754:. Pasquotank County, NC, U. S. Website. Archived from 2540:- In June 2024, Pakistan experienced a heat wave. The 6529:"A Deadly Toll as an Intense Heat Grips Saudi Arabia" 5921:"Pakistan floods: what role did climate change play?" 5774:"A mechanistic thermal balance model of dairy cattle" 5016:

Solomon, Hsiang; Tatyana, Deryugina (December 2014).

6985:

Miller, Brandon; Waldrop, Theresa (16 August 2022).

4651: 4649: 7794: 7768: 7737: 7642: 7611: 7575: 7568: 7453: 7415: 7384: 7377: 7244: 7228: 6006:Cullum, A. J. (1 January 2008), Fath, Brian (ed.), 3803: 3801: 2530:

Ministry of Electricity, Water and Renewable Energy

7058:Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago 3631:"Global urban population exposure to extreme heat" 2528:, where heightened demand caused officials at the 2368:that began in June and claimed over 1,100 lives. 5658:Foroushani, Sepehr; Amon, Thomas (11 July 2022). 2481:, water shortages requiring rationing, increased 1280:The National Weather Service risk categories for 1142:Heat-related health effects for vulnerable humans 5827:Doan, Lynn; Covarrubias, Amanda (27 July 2006). 1347:Heat index for temperature and relative humidity 937:when it expects unusual periods of hot weather. 7095:Most People Struck Down by Summer Heat Are Poor 6500:"At least 14 Hajj pilgrims die in intense heat" 6422:"India's heat wave longest ever, worse to come" 6171:"A City Prepares for a Warm Long-Term Forecast" 4199:"Summer Heat Can Be Deadly for Outdoor Workers" 4107:Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide 3918:Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis 3635:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3286:"Half the country wilts under unrelenting heat" 3265:. NOAA's National Weather Service. 25 June 2009 2914:Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis 1263:.Heat waves have also resulted in epidemics of 1217:), outdoor workers and people who take certain 4555:Haider, Kamran; Anis, Khurrum (24 June 2015). 37:For the disease that is produced by heat, see 7168: 6735:"Japan sees hottest July since records began" 6708:Farhat, Eamon; Tugwell, Paul (29 July 2024). 3489:"Why Europe Is Becoming a Heat Wave Hot Spot" 1235:. Extreme heat is also linked to low quality 821:There are several definitions of heat waves: 802: 8: 7009:"Hot Weather Tips and the Chicago Heat Plan" 6931:Ward, Taylor; Regan, Helen (19 April 2023). 4948:Simister, John; Cary Cooper (October 2004). 4583:"Heatstroke leaves another 26 dead in Sindh" 2952:. US Department of Commerce NOAA weather.gov 2490:Since April 2024 Southeast Asia has faced a 2266:bodies, caused by the animal's body rapidly 2206:Impacts of heat stress on livestock animals. 5403:. Climate change and harmful algal blooms. 5177:Orru, H.; Ebi, K. L.; Forsberg, B. (2017). 4731:Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere 4036:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 3340:"Extreme Heat Services for South Australia" 2599:. The heat wave occurred during the Indian 2324:early 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave 2122:High temperatures also make the effects of 2118:Ozone § Low level ozone in urban areas 881:also has a definition for a "warmth wave" ( 27:Prolonged period of excessively hot weather 7572: 7381: 7175: 7161: 7153: 2679:than any low temperature measured before. 2557:, host city Paris, along with portions of 905:as a reference point. So does Luxembourg. 809: 795: 145: 7132: 6147:2160/3a9b534b-03ab-4619-9637-2ab06054fe70 6145: 6095: 5797: 5748: 5691: 5579: 5498: 5412: 5371: 5251: 5210: 5153: 5088: 5070: 5029: 4965: 4916: 4859: 4807: 4750: 4675: 4463: 4347: 4255: 4173: 4082: 4002: 3992: 3721: 3672: 3654: 3543: 3468: 3458: 3107: 3041: 2976:"Deadly heatwaves threaten economies too" 2897: 2848: 6072:"Biological Impacts of Marine Heatwaves" 6012:Encyclopedia of Ecology (Second Edition) 4725:Fujibe, Fumiaki; Matsumoto, Jun (2021). 3342:. Bureau of Meteorology. 15 January 2010 3197:"Värmebölja Klimat: Kunskapsbanken SMHI" 2173:Effects of climate change on agriculture 1350: 1002:affected areas in the last two decades. 890:Hellenic National Meteorological Service 5721:International Journal of Biometeorology 5664:International Journal of Biometeorology 4995:10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115430 4619:(8018). Lancet Public Health: 800–801. 4162:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 3367:. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from 2757: 1362: 157: 6065: 6063: 6014:, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 640–646, 4656:Basu, Rupa; Jonathan M. Samet (2002). 4197:Jacklitsch, Brenda L. (29 June 2011). 3397:from the original on 16 November 2023. 2639:peaked at 53 °C (127 °F) in 2409:Options for reducing impacts on humans 2087:Psychological and sociological effects 1312:. Also more than 2,000 people died in 873:Denmark defines a national heat wave ( 4209:from the original on 4 December 2012. 3927:from the original on 4 November 2021. 3359: 3357: 2995: 2993: 2793: 2791: 2789: 7: 6585:. Agence France-Presse. 23 June 2024 6527:Vinograd, Cassandra (19 June 2024). 6088:10.1146/annurev-marine-032122-121437 5183:Current Environmental Health Reports 5112:Hou, Pei; Wu, Shiliang (July 2016). 2969: 2967: 2944: 2942: 2436:Recent examples by country or region 1134:treatment at Baton Rouge during the 7097:Newswise, Retrieved on 9 July 2008. 5799:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.06.009 5465:Lacetera, Nicola (3 January 2019). 4071:Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 3149:. American Meteorological Society. 2782:. gcunoxfohoarnersdictionaries.com. 2348:have irrigation systems to back up 6446:Kitsantonis, Niki (16 June 2024). 4899:Ro, Christine (1 September 2022). 4289:Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 4203:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health 2874:"On the Definition of a Heat Wave" 2515:In mid-June, high temperatures in 122:. They have increased the risk of 25: 7113:Environmental Health Perspectives 6878:from the original on 30 June 2024 6822:from the original on 29 June 2024 6785:Jacob, Charmaine (14 June 2024). 6630:Davies, Caroline (26 June 2024). 6604:MacDonald, Fiona (19 June 2024). 6369:Jacob, Charmaine (14 June 2024). 4780:Environmental Health Perspectives 3171:"Danmark får varme- og hedebølge" 2310:dangerous to traverse by trains. 1205:Vulnerable people with regard to 850:World Meteorological Organization 6943:from the original on 6 July 2023 6912:from the original on 26 May 2024 6656:Dilawar, Ismail (27 June 2024). 5568:Science of the Total Environment 4870:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00694.x 4137:from the original on 4 July 2014 3772:. 1stweather.com. Archived from 3562:Science of the Total Environment 3487:Fountain, Henry (18 July 2022). 3365:"Australia Weather and Warnings" 3311:Pacific Gas and Electric Company 2741:List of severe weather phenomena 2623:This section is an excerpt from 2587:This section is an excerpt from 2519:, characterized as a heat wave, 2452:This section is an excerpt from 2426:Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance 2194:This section is an excerpt from 2114:Ozone § Ozone air pollution 1288:This section is an excerpt from 1197:This section is an excerpt from 1147:This section is an excerpt from 1095:This section is an excerpt from 975: 963: 942:Australian Bureau of Meteorology 778: 6900:Chen, Heather (10 April 2024). 6841:Kaushik, Krishn (2 June 2024). 6498:Pelham, Lipika (16 June 2024). 6340:theguardian.com 26 April 2024: 6169:Kaufman, Leslie (23 May 2011). 6076:Annual Review of Marine Science 5581:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135996 5540:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.11.019 4581:Mansoor, Hasan (30 June 2015). 4084:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004233 3981:Environmental Research: Climate 3889:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.02.004 3582:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.008 3313:. 24 March 2017. Archived from 2262:, or the rapid accumulation of 879:Danish Meteorological Institute 7745:Australian flying fox die-offs 6395:Dash, Jatindra (31 May 2024). 5617:Research in Veterinary Science 5528:Preventive Veterinary Medicine 5282:Benedek, Réfi (12 July 2022). 5236:"The 2003 European heat waves" 4490:Shih, Gerry (6 January 2023). 3740:. US National Weather Service. 3696:Lau, N; Nath, Mary Jo (2012). 3545:10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124003 3524:Environmental Research Letters 2878:Journal of Applied Meteorology 2780:"Heatwave – noun – Definition" 2766:"Heatwave – noun – Definition" 1: 7807:Heat waves and climate change 6202:. wcr.ethz.ch. Archived from 4422:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9 4349:10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00008-1 4248:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6 3788:"Natural Hazards - Heat Wave" 3288:. Yahoo! News. Archived from 2625:2024 Southeast Asia heat wave 2320:2006 North American heat wave 2108:Surface ozone (air pollution) 7060:. Chicago University Press. 6759:Kaneko, Karin (2 May 2024). 6354:theguardian.com 4 May 2024: 5886:Weather and Climate Extremes 5072:10.1371/journal.pone.0177937 5022:NBER Working Paper No. 20750 4438:Glaser; et al. (2016). 3814:Geophysical Research Letters 3221:. Met Office. 31 August 2011 2950:"NWS JetStream - Heat Index" 2389:temperatures in the future. 2281:. Feed supplementation with 2167:Reduced agricultural outputs 1323:Underreporting of fatalities 94:pattern for that area. High 7044:Annals of Internal Medicine 4336:The Lancet Planetary Health 4131:"Heat Illness: MedlinePlus" 4105:Tintinalli, Judith (2004). 2974:Bottollier-Depois, Amélie. 2573:Japan Meteorological Agency 908:In the United Kingdom, the 706:Severe weather terminology 168:Temperate and polar seasons 7884: 7760:2012–2013 ("Angry Summer") 5960:10.1038/s41586-022-05606-z 5898:10.1016/j.wace.2023.100563 5684:10.1007/s00484-022-02321-2 5629:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.011 5356:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z 5253:10.2807/esm.10.07.00552-en 4983:Annual Review of Economics 4625:10.1038/d41586-024-02006-3 4534:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.12.001 3911:"Summary for Policymakers" 3460:10.1038/s41467-022-31432-y 3145:Glickman, Todd S. (2000). 3026:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z 2872:Robinson, Peter J (2001). 2631:Since April 2024, several 2622: 2586: 2451: 2439: 2330:Impacts on the environment 2193: 2170: 2111: 1355:national weather service: 1287: 1196: 1146: 1094: 1007:wet bulb globe temperature 952: 836:A definition based on the 136:thermoregulation in humans 50:Heat wave (disambiguation) 43: 36: 29: 7369:List of Indian heat waves 7312:2022 (India and Pakistan) 7302:2019 (India and Pakistan) 7190: 7056:Klinenberg, Eric (2002). 6138:10.1038/s41558-019-0412-1 5816:. BBC News. 15 July 2013. 5741:10.1007/s00484-018-1629-9 5414:10.1016/j.hal.2019.03.009 5234:Kosatsky T. (July 2005). 5195:10.1007/s40572-017-0168-6 4301:10.1007/s11882-018-0777-7 4175:10.1016/j.wem.2013.07.004 4048:10.1016/j.emc.2004.01.004 3964:10.1017/9781009157896.001 3723:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00575.1 3422:10.1017/9781009157896.001 3243:. Met Office. 26 May 2023 3126:. Encyclopedia Britannica 2811:10.1017/9781009325844.029 2661:infections increased. In 2565:, experienced a heatwave. 2454:List of heat waves § 2024 1993: 1950: 1906: 1861: 1816: 1770: 1723: 1675: 1626: 1576: 1525: 1473: 1469:136 °F (58 °C) 1420: 1416:110 °F (43 °C) 1415: 1413:108 °F (42 °C) 1412: 1410:106 °F (41 °C) 1409: 1407:104 °F (40 °C) 1406: 1404:102 °F (39 °C) 1403: 1401:100 °F (38 °C) 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1074:inland combine to form a 81:, sometimes described as 7848:Meteorological phenomena 5814:"When does tarmac melt?" 4522:Comptes Rendus Biologies 4402:"The 2022 report of the 3994:10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7d 3952:Summary for Policymakers 3939:Summary for Policymakers 3410:Summary for Policymakers 2447:Around the world in 2024 2415:greenhouse gas emissions 2405:such as coral and kelp. 2214:, heat exhaustion, heat 2143:Reduced economic outputs 2012:132 °F (56 °C) 2009:121 °F (49 °C) 2006:112 °F (44 °C) 2003:103 °F (39 °C) 1969:127 °F (53 °C) 1966:117 °F (47 °C) 1963:108 °F (42 °C) 1960:100 °F (38 °C) 1928:131 °F (55 °C) 1925:122 °F (50 °C) 1922:113 °F (45 °C) 1919:105 °F (41 °C) 1886:135 °F (57 °C) 1883:126 °F (52 °C) 1880:117 °F (47 °C) 1877:110 °F (43 °C) 1874:102 °F (39 °C) 1841:129 °F (54 °C) 1838:121 °F (49 °C) 1835:113 °F (45 °C) 1832:106 °F (41 °C) 1829:100 °F (38 °C) 1798:132 °F (56 °C) 1795:124 °F (51 °C) 1792:116 °F (47 °C) 1789:109 °F (43 °C) 1786:103 °F (39 °C) 1754:134 °F (57 °C) 1751:126 °F (52 °C) 1748:119 °F (48 °C) 1745:112 °F (44 °C) 1742:105 °F (41 °C) 1739:100 °F (38 °C) 1709:136 °F (58 °C) 1706:128 °F (53 °C) 1703:121 °F (49 °C) 1700:114 °F (46 °C) 1697:108 °F (42 °C) 1694:103 °F (39 °C) 1663:137 °F (58 °C) 1660:129 °F (54 °C) 1657:123 °F (51 °C) 1654:116 °F (47 °C) 1651:110 °F (43 °C) 1648:105 °F (41 °C) 1645:100 °F (38 °C) 1616:137 °F (58 °C) 1613:130 °F (54 °C) 1610:124 °F (51 °C) 1607:117 °F (47 °C) 1604:112 °F (44 °C) 1601:106 °F (41 °C) 1598:101 °F (38 °C) 1568:137 °F (58 °C) 1565:131 °F (55 °C) 1562:124 °F (51 °C) 1559:118 °F (48 °C) 1556:113 °F (45 °C) 1553:108 °F (42 °C) 1550:103 °F (39 °C) 1519:137 °F (58 °C) 1516:130 °F (54 °C) 1513:124 °F (51 °C) 1510:119 °F (48 °C) 1507:114 °F (46 °C) 1504:109 °F (43 °C) 1501:104 °F (40 °C) 1498:100 °F (38 °C) 1466:130 °F (54 °C) 1463:124 °F (51 °C) 1460:119 °F (48 °C) 1457:114 °F (46 °C) 1454:109 °F (43 °C) 1451:105 °F (41 °C) 1448:101 °F (38 °C) 1398:98 °F (37 °C) 1395:96 °F (36 °C) 1392:94 °F (34 °C) 1389:92 °F (33 °C) 1386:90 °F (32 °C) 1383:88 °F (31 °C) 1380:86 °F (30 °C) 1377:84 °F (29 °C) 1374:82 °F (28 °C) 1371:80 °F (27 °C) 1215:urban heat island effect 1046:reaching the surface. A 927:National Weather Service 838:Heat Wave Duration Index 30:Not to be confused with 5439:. Future Climate Africa 5284:"The cost of heatwaves" 3656:10.1073/pnas.2024792118 3309:. Oakland, California: 3304:"Staying Cool and Safe" 3147:Glossary of Meteorology 3124:"Heat wave meteorology" 2850:10.1126/science.1098704 2538:2024 Pakistan heat wave 2508:2024 European heatwaves 2384:Species have a thermal 2232:2003 European heat wave 2000:95 °F (35 °C) 1997:87 °F (31 °C) 1957:93 °F (34 °C) 1954:86 °F (30 °C) 1916:98 °F (37 °C) 1913:91 °F (33 °C) 1910:86 °F (30 °C) 1871:96 °F (36 °C) 1868:90 °F (32 °C) 1865:85 °F (29 °C) 1826:94 °F (34 °C) 1823:89 °F (32 °C) 1820:84 °F (29 °C) 1783:97 °F (36 °C) 1780:92 °F (33 °C) 1777:88 °F (31 °C) 1774:84 °F (29 °C) 1736:95 °F (35 °C) 1733:90 °F (32 °C) 1730:86 °F (30 °C) 1727:83 °F (28 °C) 1691:98 °F (37 °C) 1688:93 °F (34 °C) 1685:89 °F (32 °C) 1682:85 °F (29 °C) 1679:82 °F (28 °C) 1642:95 °F (35 °C) 1639:91 °F (33 °C) 1636:88 °F (31 °C) 1633:84 °F (29 °C) 1630:82 °F (28 °C) 1595:97 °F (36 °C) 1592:93 °F (34 °C) 1589:89 °F (32 °C) 1586:86 °F (30 °C) 1583:84 °F (29 °C) 1580:81 °F (27 °C) 1547:99 °F (37 °C) 1544:95 °F (35 °C) 1541:91 °F (33 °C) 1538:88 °F (31 °C) 1535:85 °F (29 °C) 1532:83 °F (28 °C) 1529:81 °F (27 °C) 1495:96 °F (36 °C) 1492:93 °F (34 °C) 1489:89 °F (32 °C) 1486:87 °F (31 °C) 1483:84 °F (29 °C) 1480:82 °F (28 °C) 1477:80 °F (27 °C) 1445:97 °F (36 °C) 1442:94 °F (34 °C) 1439:91 °F (33 °C) 1436:88 °F (31 °C) 1433:85 °F (29 °C) 1430:83 °F (28 °C) 1427:81 °F (27 °C) 1424:80 °F (27 °C) 1310:2003 European heat wave 1243:and complications with 1123:Impacts on human health 1021:Heat waves form when a 935:excessive heat warnings 857:Glossary of Meteorology 109:Heat waves form when a 6173:. The New York Times. 5778:Biosystems Engineering 4607:Wong, Carissa (2024). 4205:. Medscape and NIOSH. 3066:"Heat Waves Explained" 2797:IPCC, 2022: Annex II: 2692:1995 Chicago heat wave 2471:Southern United States 2305:Infrastructural damage 2207: 2152: 1333:mortality displacement 1306:respiratory conditions 1284: 1265:chronic kidney disease 1138: 998: 864:Definitions by country 855:A definition from the 767:Tropical cyclone terms 70: 48:. For other uses, see 7511:2021 (UK and Ireland) 7297:2018 (Northeast Asia) 6126:Nature Climate Change 5336:Nature Communications 4752:10.2151/sola.2021-038 4677:10.1093/epirev/mxf007 4663:Epidemiologic Reviews 3869:Earth-Science Reviews 3439:Nature Communications 3241:"What is a heatwave?" 3199:(in Swedish). Smhi.se 3006:Nature Communications 2589:2024 Indian heat wave 2500:2024 Indian heat wave 2379:evolutionary pressure 2342:struck Europe in 2003 2205: 2150: 2112:Further information: 2057: Extreme caution 1279: 1136:2016 Louisiana floods 1130: 996: 374:Extratropical cyclone 298:Air-mass thunderstorm 60: 6228:. The World from PRX 4456:10.2215/CJN.13841215 4416:(10363): 1619–1654. 4242:(10311): 1619–1662. 3834:10.1029/2012gl053703 2823:Meehl, G. A (2004). 2569:2024 Japan heatwaves 2555:2024 Summer Olympics 2428:coalition under the 2372:Wild animals on land 2246:time, they increase 2138:Impacts on societies 2075: Extreme danger 1056:high pressure system 734:Weather modification 332:Anticyclonic tornado 63:high pressure system 7755:2008–2009 (SE Aus.) 5860:The Earth Institute 5831:. Los Angeles Times 5790:2021BiSyE.209..256L 5733:2018IJBm...62.2089H 5676:2022IJBm...66.1811F 5348:2021NatCo..12.5807G 5130:2016NatSR...623792H 5063:2017PLoSO..1277937D 4852:2005RiskA..25.1483P 4743:2021SOLA...17..220F 4496:The Washington Post 4042:(2): 315–27, viii. 3881:2010ESRv...99..125S 3826:2012GeoRL..3921707M 3714:2012JCli...25.4761L 3647:2021PNAS..11824792T 3641:(41): e2024792118. 3574:2016ScTEn.571.1330Z 3536:2015ERL....10l4003R 3451:2022NatCo..13.3851R 3219:"Heat-health watch" 3100:2002ClRes..19..193F 3018:2021NatCo..12.5807G 2933:Scientific American 2890:2001JApMe..40..762R 2841:2004Sci...305..994M 2524:heat also impacted 2256:metabolic disorders 2161:harmful algal bloom 1359: 1253:respiratory disease 1241:acute kidney injury 1044:shortwave radiation 729:Weather forecasting 565:Rain and snow mixed 391:Subtropical cyclone 7650:2000 (Southern US) 6533:The New York Times 6452:The New York Times 5923:. The Conversation 5856:IRI Climate Digest 5118:Scientific Reports 3702:Journal of Climate 3493:The New York Times 3371:on 16 October 2015 2926:Thompson, Andrea, 2768:. Merriam-Webster. 2736:List of heat waves 2479:threatened species 2461:Since March 2024, 2442:List of heat waves 2403:foundation species 2386:range of tolerance 2366:devastating floods 2258:. One examples is 2208: 2153: 1351: 1285: 1219:prescription drugs 1139: 1072:high-pressure area 1023:high pressure area 999: 955:List of heat waves 785:Weather portal 401:Atlantic hurricane 379:European windstorm 286:Volcanic lightning 247:Cumulonimbus cloud 111:high-pressure area 71: 7853:Natural disasters 7830: 7829: 7733: 7732: 7700:2020-2023 drought 7629:1988–1990 drought 7624:1983-1985 drought 7564: 7563: 7119:(14): 1712–1718. 6206:on 21 August 2020 6021:978-0-444-64130-4 6008:"Tolerance Range" 5954:(7952): 461–467. 5852:"Climate Impacts" 5727:(12): 2089–2097. 5534:(Pt B): 119–129. 5483:10.1093/af/vfy030 5138:10.1038/srep23792 4954:Stress and Health 4918:10.1136/bmj.o2107 4704:Los Angeles Times 4386:. 13 August 2024. 3776:on 15 April 2012. 3758:on 18 March 2012. 3708:(14): 4761–4784. 3284:Singer, Stephen. 2835:(5686): 994–997. 2746:Urban heat island 2688:tropical cyclones 2667:ongoing civil war 2463:severe heat waves 2224:organ dysfunction 2222:, and ultimately 2036: 2035: 1367:Relative humidity 1364:Temperature 1070:offshore and the 1068:low-pressure area 1011:urban heat island 819: 818: 16:(Redirected from 7875: 7817:List of droughts 7776:2009 (Argentina) 7720:2023 (Caribbean) 7573: 7382: 7177: 7170: 7163: 7154: 7147: 7146: 7136: 7125:10.1289/ehp.6336 7104: 7098: 7092: 7086: 7078: 7072: 7071: 7053: 7047: 7046:Vol. 129 Issue 3 7035: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7015:. Archived from 7005: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6982: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6971: 6962:Rosane, Olivia. 6959: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6897: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6883: 6864: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6838: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6816:Financialexpress 6808: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6524: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6366: 6360: 6352: 6346: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6149: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6099: 6067: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5978: 5972: 5971: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5916: 5910: 5909: 5877: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5752: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5695: 5670:(9): 1811–1827. 5655: 5649: 5648: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5583: 5562:December 2019). 5558: 5552: 5551: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5502: 5471:Animal Frontiers 5462: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5416: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5375: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5255: 5240:Eurosurveillance 5231: 5225: 5224: 5214: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5157: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5092: 5074: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5013: 5007: 5006: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4967:10.1002/smi.1029 4945: 4939: 4938: 4920: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4863: 4846:(6): 1483–1494. 4837: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4811: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4754: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4706:. 7 October 2021 4696: 4690: 4689: 4679: 4653: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4487: 4478: 4477: 4467: 4435: 4426: 4425: 4397: 4388: 4387: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4351: 4342:(3): e156–e162. 4327: 4321: 4320: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4259: 4233: 4224: 4211: 4210: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4177: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4086: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4006: 3996: 3972: 3966: 3948: 3942: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3915: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3805: 3796: 3795: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3766: 3760: 3759: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3676: 3658: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3521: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3482: 3472: 3462: 3430: 3424: 3406: 3400: 3398: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3361: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3319: 3308: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3292:on 16 July 2012. 3281: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3215: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109:10.3354/cr019193 3088:Climate Research 3085: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3045: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2971: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2946: 2937: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2852: 2820: 2814: 2795: 2784: 2783: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2762: 2430:Atlantic Council 2398:Marine heatwaves 2279:oxidative stress 2240:Pays-de-la-Loire 2076: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2043: 1360: 1340:French heat wave 1257:low birth weight 1109:Marine heatwaves 1038:. This inhibits 979: 967: 811: 804: 797: 783: 782: 396:Tropical cyclone 308:Dry thunderstorm 203:Tropical seasons 146: 67:upper atmosphere 21: 7883: 7882: 7878: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7873: 7872: 7868:Weather hazards 7833: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7822:Marine heatwave 7790: 7764: 7729: 7638: 7607: 7560: 7449: 7411: 7373: 7292:2017 (Pakistan) 7240: 7224: 7186: 7181: 7151: 7150: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7079: 7075: 7068: 7055: 7054: 7050: 7036: 7032: 7022: 7020: 7019:on 21 June 2006 7007: 7006: 7002: 6992: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6969: 6967: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6946: 6944: 6930: 6929: 6925: 6915: 6913: 6899: 6898: 6891: 6881: 6879: 6874:. 1 June 2024. 6866: 6865: 6861: 6851: 6849: 6840: 6839: 6835: 6825: 6823: 6818:. 28 May 2024. 6810: 6809: 6805: 6795: 6793: 6784: 6783: 6779: 6769: 6767: 6765:The Japan Times 6758: 6757: 6753: 6743: 6741: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6655: 6654: 6650: 6640: 6638: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6614: 6612: 6603: 6602: 6598: 6588: 6586: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6552: 6551: 6547: 6537: 6535: 6526: 6525: 6518: 6508: 6506: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6454: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6430: 6428: 6420: 6419: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6394: 6393: 6389: 6379: 6377: 6368: 6367: 6363: 6353: 6349: 6339: 6335: 6325: 6323: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6297: 6296: 6292: 6282: 6280: 6272: 6271: 6267: 6257: 6255: 6252:www.cbsnews.com 6246: 6245: 6241: 6231: 6229: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6209: 6207: 6198: 6197: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6069: 6068: 6061: 6051: 6049: 6048:. 19 April 2024 6040: 6039: 6035: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5990: 5988: 5980: 5979: 5975: 5941: 5940: 5936: 5926: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5879: 5878: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5849: 5848: 5844: 5834: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5714: 5713: 5709: 5657: 5656: 5652: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5560: 5559: 5555: 5521: 5520: 5516: 5464: 5463: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5304: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5057:(5): e0177937. 5044: 5043: 5039: 5015: 5014: 5010: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4947: 4946: 4942: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4835: 4830: 4829: 4825: 4792:10.2307/3454704 4773: 4772: 4768: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4698: 4697: 4693: 4655: 4654: 4647: 4637: 4635: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4481: 4437: 4436: 4429: 4399: 4398: 4391: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4329: 4328: 4324: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4231: 4226: 4225: 4214: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4133:. Nlm.nih.gov. 4129: 4128: 4124: 4117: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4033: 4032: 4028: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3949: 3945: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3807: 3806: 3799: 3794:on 8 June 2012. 3786: 3785: 3781: 3770:"Bergwind Info" 3768: 3767: 3763: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3609:Washington Post 3602: 3601: 3597: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3519: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3497: 3495: 3486: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3407: 3403: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3374: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3323: 3321: 3320:on 27 June 2023 3317: 3306: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3266: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3217: 3216: 3212: 3202: 3200: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3177:on 23 July 2008 3169: 3168: 3164: 3157: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3129: 3127: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3083: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3064: 3063: 3059: 2999: 2998: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2965: 2955: 2953: 2948: 2947: 2940: 2925: 2921: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2796: 2787: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2727: 2676: 2671: 2670: 2633:Southeast Asian 2628: 2620: 2615: 2614: 2592: 2584: 2579: 2578: 2559:Southern France 2542:Edhi Foundation 2492:severe heatwave 2475:Central America 2457: 2449: 2444: 2438: 2411: 2395: 2374: 2358: 2337: 2332: 2316: 2307: 2302: 2301: 2199: 2191: 2175: 2169: 2145: 2140: 2120: 2110: 2089: 2077: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2041: 1368: 1365: 1349: 1325: 1320: 1319: 1302:cerebrovascular 1293: 1274: 1269: 1268: 1202: 1194: 1193: 1168:heat exhaustion 1152: 1144: 1125: 1120: 1119: 1100: 1092: 1019: 991: 990: 989: 988: 987: 984:extreme weather 980: 972: 971: 968: 957: 951: 931:heat advisories 919: 888:In Greece, the 871: 866: 815: 777: 772: 771: 747: 739: 738: 597: 587: 586: 499: 489: 488: 477:Ground blizzard 237: 227: 226: 205: 195: 194: 170: 144: 132:extreme weather 100:oceanic climate 53: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7881: 7879: 7871: 7870: 7865: 7863:Weather events 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7835: 7834: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7802:Cooling center 7798: 7796: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7772: 7770: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7741: 7739: 7735: 7734: 7731: 7730: 7728: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7691: 7690: 7685: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7646: 7644: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7636: 7634:1995 (Chicago) 7631: 7626: 7621: 7615: 7613: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7579: 7577: 7570: 7566: 7565: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7552: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7533: 7532: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7496: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7457: 7455: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7436: 7435: 7433:UK and Ireland 7425: 7419: 7417: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7388: 7386: 7379: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7362:Southeast Asia 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7336: 7335: 7334: 7329: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7283: 7282: 7277: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7248: 7246: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7232: 7230: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7191: 7188: 7187: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7172: 7165: 7157: 7149: 7148: 7099: 7087: 7073: 7066: 7048: 7030: 7000: 6977: 6954: 6923: 6889: 6859: 6833: 6803: 6777: 6751: 6726: 6700: 6689:. 29 July 2024 6674: 6648: 6622: 6596: 6570: 6545: 6516: 6490: 6464: 6438: 6413: 6387: 6361: 6347: 6333: 6308: 6305:. 26 May 2024. 6290: 6265: 6239: 6217: 6191: 6161: 6132:(4): 306–312. 6111: 6082:(1): 119–145. 6059: 6033: 6020: 5998: 5986:www.nature.com 5973: 5934: 5911: 5872: 5842: 5819: 5805: 5764: 5707: 5650: 5603: 5553: 5514: 5450: 5428: 5387: 5322: 5297: 5286:. HYPEANDHYPER 5274: 5226: 5189:(4): 504–513. 5169: 5104: 5037: 5031:10.3386/w20750 5008: 4989:(1): 577–617. 4973: 4940: 4891: 4861:10.1.1.577.825 4823: 4766: 4717: 4691: 4670:(2): 190–202. 4645: 4599: 4573: 4561:Bloomberg News 4547: 4508: 4479: 4450:(8): 1472–83. 4427: 4389: 4371: 4322: 4279: 4212: 4189: 4148: 4122: 4115: 4097: 4061: 4026: 3967: 3943: 3930: 3902: 3875:(3): 125–161. 3855: 3797: 3779: 3761: 3743: 3729: 3688: 3621: 3595: 3551: 3530:(12): 124003. 3507: 3505: 3504: 3425: 3401: 3382: 3353: 3331: 3295: 3276: 3254: 3232: 3210: 3188: 3162: 3155: 3137: 3115: 3071: 3057: 2989: 2963: 2938: 2919: 2905: 2884:(4): 762–775. 2864: 2815: 2785: 2771: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2675: 2672: 2649:climate change 2629: 2621: 2619: 2618:Southeast Asia 2616: 2593: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2576: 2566: 2550: 2549: 2534: 2533: 2512: 2511: 2504: 2503: 2496: 2495: 2487: 2486: 2458: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2440:Main article: 2437: 2434: 2410: 2407: 2394: 2391: 2373: 2370: 2357: 2354: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2303: 2200: 2192: 2190: 2189:Farmed animals 2187: 2171:Main article: 2168: 2165: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2109: 2106: 2088: 2085: 2039:Key to colors: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 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1018: 1015: 981: 974: 973: 969: 962: 961: 960: 959: 958: 953:Main article: 950: 947: 918: 915: 870: 867: 865: 862: 861: 860: 853: 834: 817: 816: 814: 813: 806: 799: 791: 788: 787: 774: 773: 770: 769: 764: 759: 757:Climate change 754: 748: 745: 744: 741: 740: 737: 736: 731: 726: 725: 724: 723: 722: 717: 712: 704: 699: 692:Severe weather 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 668: 667: 662: 652: 651: 650: 640: 635: 634: 633: 628: 623: 618: 610: 609: 604: 598: 593: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 583: 582: 577: 572: 567: 557: 552: 551: 550: 540: 535: 530: 529: 528: 526:Megacryometeor 518: 513: 512: 511: 500: 495: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486: 485: 484: 479: 474: 469: 459: 454: 449: 444: 443: 442: 432: 431: 430: 425: 415: 410: 409: 408: 403: 393: 388: 387: 386: 381: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 345: 344: 339: 334: 324: 323: 322: 312: 311: 310: 305: 300: 290: 289: 288: 278: 277: 276: 271: 266: 256: 255: 254: 249: 238: 233: 232: 229: 228: 225: 224: 219: 218: 217: 206: 201: 200: 197: 196: 193: 192: 187: 182: 177: 171: 166: 165: 162: 161: 155: 154: 143: 140: 126:in areas with 104:climate change 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7880: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7793: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7773: 7771: 7769:South America 7767: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7750:2000s drought 7748: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7736: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7641: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7610: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7598:1934 and 1935 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7574: 7571: 7569:North America 7567: 7557: 7554: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7486:2014 (Sweden) 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7434: 7431: 7430: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7414: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7380: 7376: 7370: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7324: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7189: 7185: 7178: 7173: 7171: 7166: 7164: 7159: 7158: 7155: 7144: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7103: 7100: 7096: 7091: 7088: 7084: 7083: 7077: 7074: 7069: 7067:9780226443218 7063: 7059: 7052: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7034: 7031: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7004: 7001: 6988: 6981: 6978: 6965: 6958: 6955: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6927: 6924: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6863: 6860: 6848: 6844: 6837: 6834: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6804: 6792: 6788: 6781: 6778: 6766: 6762: 6755: 6752: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6727: 6715: 6714:Bloomberg.com 6711: 6704: 6701: 6688: 6684: 6678: 6675: 6663: 6659: 6652: 6649: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6623: 6611: 6607: 6600: 6597: 6584: 6580: 6574: 6571: 6559: 6555: 6549: 6546: 6534: 6530: 6523: 6521: 6517: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6491: 6479: 6475: 6468: 6465: 6453: 6449: 6442: 6439: 6427: 6423: 6417: 6414: 6402: 6398: 6391: 6388: 6376: 6372: 6365: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6337: 6334: 6322: 6318: 6312: 6309: 6304: 6300: 6294: 6291: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6266: 6254:. 28 May 2024 6253: 6249: 6243: 6240: 6227: 6221: 6218: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6192: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6165: 6162: 6157: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6115: 6112: 6107: 6103: 6098: 6097:11250/3095845 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6034: 6023: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6002: 5999: 5987: 5983: 5977: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5938: 5935: 5922: 5915: 5912: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5876: 5873: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5843: 5830: 5823: 5820: 5815: 5809: 5806: 5800: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5768: 5765: 5760: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5708: 5703: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5654: 5651: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5607: 5604: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5557: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5518: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5438: 5432: 5429: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5401:Harmful Algae 5398: 5391: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5326: 5323: 5311: 5307: 5301: 5298: 5285: 5278: 5275: 5263: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5227: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5173: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5105: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5038: 5032: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5009: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4974: 4968: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4944: 4941: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4895: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4840:Risk Analysis 4834: 4827: 4824: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4786:(5): 463–70. 4785: 4781: 4777: 4770: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4718: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4692: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4603: 4600: 4588: 4584: 4577: 4574: 4562: 4558: 4551: 4548: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4512: 4509: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4405: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4384:NIHR Evidence 4381: 4375: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4283: 4280: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4258: 4257:10278/3746207 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4193: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4168:(4): 351–61. 4167: 4163: 4159: 4152: 4149: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4123: 4118: 4116:0-07-138875-3 4112: 4108: 4101: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4030: 4027: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4005: 4004:10044/1/97290 4000: 3995: 3990: 3987:(1): 012001. 3986: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3923: 3919: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3744: 3739: 3733: 3730: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3692: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3625: 3622: 3610: 3606: 3603:Henson, Bob. 3599: 3596: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3555: 3552: 3546: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3511: 3508: 3494: 3490: 3485:News report: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3402: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3358: 3354: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3316: 3312: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3277: 3264: 3258: 3255: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3176: 3172: 3166: 3163: 3158: 3156:9781878220493 3152: 3148: 3141: 3138: 3125: 3119: 3116: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3082: 3075: 3072: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2977: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2951: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2900: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2868: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2751: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2680: 2674:United States 2673: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2626: 2617: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2590: 2581: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2455: 2446: 2443: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2399: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2382: 2380: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2314:Power outages 2313: 2311: 2304: 2298: 2294: 2293:immune system 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2230:. During the 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2204: 2197: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2156: 2149: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2125: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2048: Caution 2040: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1329: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1291: 1283: 1278: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1200: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1150: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1122: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1098: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1083:soil moisture 1081:The level of 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1057: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1036:adiabatically 1031: 1029: 1024: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1003: 995: 985: 978: 966: 956: 948: 946: 943: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 917:Other regions 916: 914: 911: 906: 904: 899: 894: 891: 886: 884: 880: 876: 868: 863: 858: 854: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 832: 828: 824: 823: 822: 812: 807: 805: 800: 798: 793: 792: 790: 789: 786: 781: 776: 775: 768: 765: 763: 762:Tornado terms 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 743: 742: 735: 732: 730: 727: 721: 720:United States 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 707: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 694: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 656: 653: 649: 646: 645: 644: 641: 639: 636: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 613: 612: 611: 608: 605: 603: 602:Air pollution 600: 599: 596: 591: 590: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 562: 561: 558: 556: 553: 549: 546: 545: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 527: 524: 523: 522: 519: 517: 514: 510: 507: 506: 505: 502: 501: 498: 497:Precipitation 493: 492: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 464: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 441: 438: 437: 436: 433: 429: 426: 424: 421: 420: 419: 416: 414: 411: 407: 404: 402: 399: 398: 397: 394: 392: 389: 385: 382: 380: 377: 376: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 329: 328: 325: 321: 318: 317: 316: 313: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 295: 294: 291: 287: 284: 283: 282: 279: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 261: 260: 257: 253: 250: 248: 245: 244: 243: 240: 239: 236: 231: 230: 223: 220: 216: 213: 212: 211: 208: 207: 204: 199: 198: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 172: 169: 164: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 147: 141: 139: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 115: 112: 107: 105: 101: 97: 93: 88: 84: 80: 76: 68: 64: 59: 55: 51: 47: 40: 33: 19: 7812:Hyperthermia 7643:2000–present 7454:2000–present 7357:Saudi Arabia 7317:2022 (Japan) 7307:2022 (China) 7287:2016 (India) 7252:2002 (India) 7183: 7116: 7112: 7102: 7090: 7080: 7076: 7057: 7051: 7043: 7037: 7033: 7021:. Retrieved 7017:the original 7012: 7003: 6991:. Retrieved 6980: 6968:. Retrieved 6957: 6945:. Retrieved 6936: 6926: 6914:. Retrieved 6905: 6880:. Retrieved 6871: 6862: 6850:. Retrieved 6846: 6836: 6824:. Retrieved 6815: 6806: 6794:. Retrieved 6790: 6780: 6768:. Retrieved 6764: 6754: 6742:. Retrieved 6738: 6729: 6717:. Retrieved 6713: 6703: 6691:. Retrieved 6686: 6677: 6665:. Retrieved 6661: 6651: 6639:. Retrieved 6635: 6625: 6613:. Retrieved 6609: 6599: 6587:. Retrieved 6583:The Guardian 6582: 6573: 6561:. Retrieved 6557: 6548: 6536:. Retrieved 6532: 6507:. Retrieved 6503: 6493: 6481:. Retrieved 6477: 6467: 6455:. Retrieved 6451: 6441: 6429:. Retrieved 6425: 6416: 6404:. Retrieved 6400: 6390: 6378:. Retrieved 6374: 6364: 6356: 6350: 6342: 6336: 6324:. Retrieved 6320: 6311: 6302: 6293: 6281:. Retrieved 6277: 6268: 6256:. Retrieved 6251: 6242: 6230:. Retrieved 6220: 6208:. Retrieved 6204:the original 6194: 6182:. Retrieved 6164: 6129: 6125: 6114: 6079: 6075: 6050:. Retrieved 6045: 6036: 6025:, retrieved 6011: 6001: 5989:. Retrieved 5985: 5976: 5951: 5947: 5937: 5925:. Retrieved 5914: 5889: 5885: 5875: 5863:. Retrieved 5855: 5845: 5833:. Retrieved 5822: 5808: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5724: 5720: 5710: 5667: 5663: 5653: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5571: 5567: 5556: 5531: 5527: 5517: 5477:(1): 26–31. 5474: 5470: 5443:24 September 5441:. Retrieved 5431: 5404: 5400: 5390: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5313:. Retrieved 5309: 5300: 5288:. Retrieved 5277: 5265:. Retrieved 5243: 5239: 5229: 5186: 5182: 5172: 5124:(1): 23792. 5121: 5117: 5107: 5054: 5050: 5040: 5021: 5011: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4957: 4953: 4943: 4908: 4904: 4894: 4843: 4839: 4826: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4708:. Retrieved 4703: 4694: 4667: 4661: 4636:. Retrieved 4616: 4612: 4602: 4590:. Retrieved 4586: 4576: 4564:. Retrieved 4560: 4550: 4528:(2): 171–8. 4525: 4521: 4511: 4499:. 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Retrieved 2936:25 July 2023 2931: 2922: 2913: 2908: 2881: 2877: 2867: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2774: 2760: 2719: 2716: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2637:Heat indices 2630: 2594: 2483:forest fires 2423: 2419:solar energy 2412: 2396: 2383: 2375: 2362:mid-latitude 2359: 2338: 2317: 2308: 2283:antioxidants 2268:catabolizing 2244: 2209: 2176: 2157: 2154: 2132: 2128: 2121: 2102: 2090: 2078: 2066: Danger 2038: 1337: 1330: 1326: 1295: 1282:NWS HeatRisk 1281: 1233:hyperthermia 1204: 1172:heat syncope 1156:Heat illness 1154: 1149:Heat illness 1102: 1080: 1064:Western Cape 1061: 1053: 1048:low pressure 1032: 1020: 1004: 1000: 949:Observations 939: 920: 907: 895: 887: 882: 874: 872: 856: 837: 830: 820: 676: 538:Diamond dust 462:Winter storm 293:Thunderstorm 120:hyperthermia 116: 108: 86: 83:extreme heat 82: 78: 74: 72: 54: 7705:2021 (West) 7655:2001 (East) 7593:1911 (East) 7588:1901 (East) 7583:1896 (East) 7576:Before 1950 7385:Before 1950 6872:India Today 6687:Le Monde.fr 6558:www.bbc.com 6232:2 September 6210:2 September 5927:4 September 5784:: 256–270. 5342:(1): 5807. 4960:(1): 3–15. 4737:: 220–223. 4710:4 September 3820:(21): n/a. 3614:15 November 3445:(1): 3851. 3094:: 193–212. 3012:(1): 5807. 2645:Philippines 2553:During the 2297:vaccination 2272:antioxidant 2248:respiratory 2220:heat cramps 2212:heat stroke 1229:heat stroke 1225:heat stress 1180:heat cramps 1164:heat stroke 1132:Heat stroke 752:Meteorology 687:Meteorology 575:Snow roller 570:Snow grains 533:Ice pellets 482:Snow squall 413:Storm surge 359:Anticyclone 315:Mesocyclone 303:Thundersnow 252:Arcus cloud 142:Definitions 39:Heat stroke 7858:Torridness 7843:Heat waves 7837:Categories 7544:Heat waves 7229:Antarctica 7184:Heat waves 6966:. 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