Heat wave - Knowledge (XXG)

966: 902:

the level. Level 1 represents normal summer conditions. Level 2 occurs when there is a 60% or higher risk that the temperature will be above the threshold levels for two days and the intervening night. Level 3 arises when the temperature has been above the threshold for the preceding day and night, and there is a 90% or higher chance that it will stay above the threshold in the following day. Level 4 is triggered if conditions are more severe than those of the preceding three levels. Each of the first three levels gives rise to a particular state of readiness and response by the social and health services. Level 4 involves a more widespread response. The threshold for a heat wave occurs when there are at least three days above 25 °C (77 °F) across much of the country. Greater London has a threshold of 28 °C (82 °F).

954: 983: 1117: 914:, a heat wave is typically when the temperature reaches or exceeds 90 °F (32.2 °C) for three consecutive days. This is not always the case. This is because the high temperature ties in with humidity levels to determine a heat index threshold. The same does not apply to drier climates. A heat storm is a Californian term for an extended heat wave. Heat storms occur when the temperature reaches 100 °F (37.8 °C) for three or more consecutive days over a wide area (tens of thousands of square miles). The 2192: 769: 1266: 2137: 2491:- Since May 2024, the longest heat wave has occurred in India and Pakistan with a new record temperature for India’s capital New Delhi of 49 °C (120 °F) (an even higher record of 53 °C (127 °F) had initially been reported in New Delhi on May 29 but was later found to be attributable to a faulty sensor), and temperatures in Pakistan getting as high as 52.2 °C (126.0 °F). 1067:. The air warms as it descends from the Karoo interior. The temperature will rise about 10 Celsius from the interior to the coast. Humidity is usually very low. The temperature can be over 40 Celsius in summer. The highest temperature recorded in South Africa (51.5 Celsius) occurred one summer during a berg wind along the Eastern Cape coastline. 47: 5550:

Bin-Jumah, May; Abd El-Hack, Mohamed E.; Abdelnour, Sameh A.; Hendy, Yasmeen A.; Ghanem, Hager A.; Alsafy, Sara A.; Khafaga, Asmaa F.; Noreldin, Ahmed E.; Shaheen, Hazem; Samak, Dalia; Momenah, Maha A.; Allam, Ahmed A.; AlKahtane, Abdullah A.; Alkahtani, Saad; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.; Aleya, Lotfi (19

2512:

from countries including Indonesia, Jordan, Tunisia, and India. It is reported that as many as 1300 people may have died. Saudi authorities have said most who died were not officially authorized to perform Hajj. Forecasts predicted temperatures as high as 113 °F (45 °C) on 19 June 2024. The

2288:

of livestock is less effective when they suffer from heat stress. So far, heat stress had been estimated by researchers using inconsistent definitions, and current livestock models have limited correlation with experimental data. Notably, since livestock like cows spend much of their day laying down,

1074:

can intensify heat waves in Europe. Low soil moisture leads to a number of complex feedback mechanisms. These in turn can result in increased surface temperatures. One of the main mechanisms is reduced evaporative cooling of the atmosphere. When water evaporates, it consumes energy. So, it will lower

1316:

The number of heat fatalities is probably highly underreported. This is due to a lack of reports and to misreporting. When considering heat-related illnesses as well, actual death tolls from extreme heat may be six times higher than official figures. This is based on studies of California and Japan.

1039:

area at the surface leads to surface wind from lower latitudes that brings warm air, enhancing the warming. The surface winds could also blow from the hot continental interior towards the coastal zone. This would lead to heat waves on the coast. They could also blow from high towards low elevations.

901:

operates a Heat Health Watch system. This places each Local Authority region into one of four levels. Heat wave conditions occur when the maximum daytime temperature and minimum nighttime temperature rise above the threshold for a particular region. The length of time above that threshold determines

1331:

in 2003 showed that heat wave dangers result from a combination of natural and social factors. Social invisibility is one such factor. Heat-related deaths can occur indoors, for instance among elderly people living alone. In these cases it can be challenging to assign heat as a contributing factor.

990:

It is possible to compare heat waves in different regions of the world with different climates thanks to a general indicator that appeared in 2015. With these indicators, experts estimated heat waves at the global scale from 1901 to 2010. They found a substantial and sharp increase in the number of

2667:

In July 2019, there were over 50 million people in the United States in jurisdictions with heat advisories. Scientists predicted that many records for highest low temperatures would be broken in the days following these warnings. This means the lowest temperature in a 24-hour period will be higher

2298:

Heat waves cause roads and highways to buckle and melt, water lines to burst, and power transformers to detonate, causing fires. A heat wave can also damage railways, by buckling and kinking rails. This can slow down or delay traffic. It can even lead to cancellations of service when rails are too

2389:

may cause mass mortality in fish populations, especially for species that are better adapted to cooler temperatures. Species that have adapted to warmer temperatures may expand their range during a heatwave. These invasive species may outcompete the native species that experience higher mortality

2234:

Livestock can also suffer multiple sublethal impacts from heat stress, such as reduced milk production. Once the temperatures exceed 30 °C (86 °F), cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens all begin to consume 3–5% less feed for each subsequent degree of temperature increase. At the same

6108:

Smale, Dan A.; Wernberg, Thomas; Oliver, Eric C. J.; Thomsen, Mads; Harvey, Ben P.; Straub, Sandra C.; Burrows, Michael T.; Alexander, Lisa V.; Benthuysen, Jessica A.; Donat, Markus G.; Feng, Ming; Hobday, Alistair J.; Holbrook, Neil J.; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E.; Scannell, Hillary A. (April

1106:

Experts can often attribute the intensity of individual heat waves to global warming. Some extreme events would have been nearly impossible without human influence on the climate system. A heatwave that would occur once every ten years before global warming started now occurs 2.8 times as often.

2377:

that describes the temperatures where they perform best. Temperature conditions that are outside of this range may experience decreased fitness and the inability to reproduce. The species with sufficient genetic variation will be able to ensure some individuals can survive frequent days of high

1047:

originating in the Gulf of Mexico becomes stationary just off the Atlantic Seaboard. Hot humid air masses form over the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. At the same time hot dry air masses form over the desert Southwest and northern Mexico. The southwest winds on the back side of the high

2709:

The relationship between extreme temperature and mortality in the United States varies by location. Heat is more likely to increase the risk of death in cities in the northern part of the country than in southern regions. As a whole, people in the United States appear to be adapting to hotter

881:

defines a heat wave as occurring over three consecutive days with temperatures at 39 °C (102 °F) or higher. In the same period the minimum temperature is 26 °C (79 °F) or more. During this period, there are either no winds or only weak winds. These conditions occur in a broad area.

78:

is usually measured relative to the usual climate in the area and to normal temperatures for the season. Temperatures that humans from a hotter climate consider normal, can be regarded as a heat wave in a cooler area. This would be the case if the warm temperatures are outside the normal

2118:

One study looked at fine particle concentrations and ozone concentrations from 1860 to 2000. It found that the global population-weighted fine particle concentrations increased by 5 percent due to climate change. Near-surface ozone concentrations rose by 2 percent.

2499:- Since mid-June 2024, Greece has been experiencing a heatwave, Europe's first heatwave of the year. Temperatures in Greece are forecast to reach to 43 °C (109 °F). Turkey has also been affected with temperatures hitting 44 °C (111 °F). 2289:

comprehensive heat stress estimation needs to take account of ground temperature as well, but the first model to do so was only published in 2021, and it still tends to systematically overestimate body temperature while underestimating breathing rate.

2147:

Heat waves often have complex effects on economies. They reduce labour productivity, disrupt agricultural and industrial processes and damage infrastructure that is not suitable for extreme heat. In 2016, a marine heatwave in Chile and its subsequent

102:

in the upper atmosphere strengthens and remains over a region for several days up to several weeks. This traps heat near the earth's surface. It is usually possible to forecast heat waves, thus allowing the authorities to issue a warning in advance.

3930:. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US. 2092:

High temperatures also have a significant effect on income. A study of countries in the United States found that the economic productivity of individual days declines by about 1.7 percent for each degree Celsius above 15 °C (59 °F).

106:

Heat waves have an impact on the economy. They can reduce labour productivity, disrupt agricultural and industrial processes and damage infrastructure. Severe heat waves have caused catastrophic crop failures and thousands of deaths from

2333:, fires raged through Portugal. They destroyed over 3,010 square kilometres (1,160 sq mi) of forest and 440 square kilometres (170 sq mi) of agricultural land. They caused about €1 billion worth of damage. High end 3548:

Zampieri, Matteo; Russo, Simone; Di Sabatino, Silvana; Michetti, Melania; Scoccimarro, Enrico; Gualdi, Silvio (2016). "Global assessment of heatwave magnitudes from 1901 to 2010 and implications for the river discharge of the Alps".

1324:. In some heat waves there is a decrease in overall mortality in the weeks after a heat wave. These compensatory reductions in mortality suggest that heat affects people who would have died anyway, and brings their deaths forward. 1014:

at an altitude of 10,000–25,000 feet (3,000–7,600 metres) strengthens and remains over a region for several days and up to several weeks. This is common in summer in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This is because the

2365:

Researchers have predicted that roughly 10-40% of all land vertebrate species will be affected by heat waves by 2099, depending on the amount of future greenhouse gas emissions. Heatwaves present an additional form of stress and

2683:, one of the worst in US history, led to approximately 739 heat-related deaths over 5 days. In the United States, the loss of human life in hot spells in summer exceeds that caused by all other weather events. These include 2088:

rates go up when temperatures go up. This is particularly the case with violent crimes such as assault, murder and rape. In politically unstable countries, high temperatures can exacerbate factors that lead to civil war.

2674:

Heat waves are the most lethal type of weather phenomenon in the United States. Between 1992 and 2001, deaths from excessive heat in the United States numbered 2,190, compared with 880 deaths from floods and 150 from

1151:. It includes minor conditions such as heat cramps, heat syncope, and heat exhaustion as well as the more severe condition known as heat stroke. It can affect any or all anatomical systems. Heat illnesses include: 933:

defines a heat wave as three or more days of unusual maximum and minimum temperatures. Before this new Pilot Heatwave Forecast there was no national definition for heat waves or measures of heat wave severity.

6808: 2122:

An investigation to assess the joint mortality effects of ozone and heat during the European heat waves in 2003 concluded that these appear to be reinforce each other and increase mortality when combined.

2328:

A heat wave occurring during a drought can contribute to bushfires and wildfires. This is because a drought dries out vegetation, so it is more likely to catch fire. During the disastrous heat wave that

1022:

Weather patterns are generally slower to change in summer than in winter. So, this upper level high pressure also moves slowly. Under high pressure, the air sinks toward the surface. It warms and dries

889:

exceeds 25 °C (77 °F). During this period the maximum temperature in De Bilt must exceed 30 °C (86 °F) for at least three days. Belgium also uses this definition of a heat wave with

2402:

A possible public health measure during heat waves is to set up air-conditioned public cooling centres. Adding air conditioning in schools provides a cooler work place. But it can result in additional

2084:. This can affect performance. It may also lead to an increase in violent crime. High temperatures are associated with increased conflict between individuals and at the social level. In every society, 874:). It defines this using the same criteria for a 25 °C (77.0 °F) temperature. Sweden defines a heat wave as at least five days in a row with a daily high exceeding 25 °C (77.0 °F). 965: 1307:

Due to climate change temperatures rose in Europe and heat mortality increased. From 2003–12 to 2013–22 alone, it increased by 17 deaths per 100,000 people, while women are more vulnerable than men.

1075:

the surrounding temperature. If the soil is very dry, then incoming radiation from the sun will warm the air. But there will be little or no cooling effect from moisture evaporating from the soil.

2518: 3292: 2311:, thousands of homes and businesses went without power, especially in California. In Los Angeles, electrical transformers failed, leaving thousands without power for as long as five days. The 1297:

and all-cause mortality. Heat-related deaths in people older than 65 years reached a record high of an estimated 345 000 deaths in 2019". More than 70,000 Europeans died as a result of the

2658:. Many government agencies have declared local emergencies and advised safety measures to protect residents from the heat, and some countries have closed schools or shortened their hours. 1107:

Under further warming, heatwaves are set to become more frequent. An event that would occur every ten years would occur every other year if global warming reaches 2 °C (3.6 °F).

2115:

pollution in urban areas worse. This raises heat-related mortality during heat waves. During heat waves in urban areas, ground level ozone pollution can be 20 percent higher than usual.

91:

countries. Heat waves have become more frequent, and more intense over land, across almost every area on Earth since the 1950s, the increase in frequency and duration being caused by

6864: 6059:

Smith, Kathryn E.; Burrows, Michael T.; Hobday, Alistair J.; King, Nathan G.; Moore, Pippa J.; Sen Gupta, Alex; Thomsen, Mads S.; Wernberg, Thomas; Smale, Dan A. (16 January 2023).

1198:

include people with low incomes, minority groups, women (in particular pregnant women), children, older adults (over 65 years old), people with chronic diseases, disabilities and

4058:

Mora, Camilo; Counsell, Chelsie W. W.; Bielecki, Coral R.; Louis, Leo V. (November 2017), "Twenty-Seven Ways a Heat Wave Can Kill You: Deadly Heat in the Era of Climate Change",

2560:- At least 59 heat-related deaths were recorded in Japan, with at least 62 temperature observation posts across Japan breaking temperature records in July 2024. According to the 2483:, resulting in unprecedented high temperatures of up to 38.8 °C (101.8 °F) that have caused school closures and prompted urgent health advisories throughout the region. 2706:

About 6,200 Americans need hospital treatment each summer, according to data from 2008. This is due to excessive heat, and those at highest risk are poor, uninsured or elderly.

6344: 2792:

Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

2315:

caused major power disruptions in the city of Melbourne. They left over half a million people without power as the heat wave blew transformers and overloaded a power grid.

929:

In Adelaide, South Australia, a heat wave is five consecutive days at or above 35 °C (95 °F), or three consecutive days at or over 40 °C (104 °F). The

3383: 1048:

continue to pump hot, humid Gulf air northeastwards. This results in a spell of hot and humid weather for much of the eastern United States and into southeastern Canada.

6898: 2307:

Heat waves often lead to spikes in electricity demand because there is more use of air conditioning. This can create power outages, making the problem worse. During the

953: 2916: 2353:

regions. For example, the record-breaking heat wave that afflicted Pakistan beginning in May 2022 led to glacier melt and moisture flow. These were factors in the

1327:

Social institutions and structures influence the effects of risks. This factor can also help explain the underreporting of heat waves as a health risk. The deadly

6800: 6594: 4217: 3945:

Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

3403:

Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

6671: 5384:

Trainer, Vera L.; Moore, Stephanie K.; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf; Kudela, Raphael M.; Clement, Alejandro; Mardones, Jorge I.; Cochlan, William P. (1 January 2020).

1002:

effect) during those years is excluded, the exposure increased a further 50%. The researchers compiled a comprehensive list of past urban extreme heat events.

866:) as a period of at least 3 consecutive days in which the average maximum temperature across more than half the country exceeds 28 °C (82.4 °F). The 6831: 6646: 3852:

Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Corti, Thierry; Davin, Edouard L.; Hirschi, Martin; Jaeger, Eric B.; Lehner, Irene; Orlowsky, Boris; Teuling, Adriaan J. (1 May 2010).

2602:

A temperature of 52.9°C recorded in Mungeshpur, Delhi, originally thought to be record-breaking, turned out to be roughly 3°C too high due to a faulty sensor.

6030: 3910: 2312: 708: 2564:(JMA), the average temperatures reached during the heatwaves represented the hottest for Japan in April and July since its record-keeping began in 1898. 2349:

Heat waves can also contribute to flooding. Because hot air is able to carry more moisture, heatwaves may be followed by extreme rainfall especially in

1181:

Prevention includes avoiding medications that can increase the risk of heat illness, gradual adjustment to heat, and sufficient fluids and electrolytes.

6929: 6287: 3303: 1278: 1187: 815: 6698: 4545: 910:

In the United States, definitions also vary by region. They usually involve a period of at least two or more days of excessively hot weather. In the

3382:. National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) NCEI.NOAA.gov of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). November 2023. 2161: 6567: 4505:

Robine, Jean-Marie; Cheung, Siu Lan K; Le Roy, Sophie; Van Oyen, Herman; Griffiths, Clare; Michel, Jean-Pierre; Herrmann, François Richard (2008).

982: 829:

is that a heat wave occurs when the daily maximum temperature of more than five consecutive days exceeds the average maximum temperature by 5

7469: 3740: 3353: 7764: 2184: 6385: 4321:"Ambient heat and acute kidney injury: case-crossover analysis of 1 354 675 automated e-alert episodes linked to high-resolution climate data" 3618:

Tuholske, Cascade; Caylor, Kelly; Funk, Chris; Verdin, Andrew; Sweeney, Stuart; Grace, Kathryn; Peterson, Pete; Evans, Tom (12 October 2021).

7743: 7638: 6008: 2710:

temperatures further north each decade. This might be due to better infrastructure, more modern building design and better public awareness.

2144:

Calculations from 2022 suggest that heat waves will shrink the global economy by about 1 percent decrease by the middle of the 21st century.

7688: 7617: 7612: 6997: 6214: 4319:

Hajat, Shakoor; Casula, Anna; Murage, Peninah; Omoyeni, Daniel; Gray, Tom; Plummer, Zoe; Steenkamp, Retha; Nitsch, Dorothea (1 March 2024).

2655: 7703: 7693: 7643: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7290: 6856: 3380:"Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe / Timeseries of Global Land and Ocean Areas at Record Levels for October from 1951-2023" 822:

as "a period of abnormally hot weather, often defined with reference to a relative temperature threshold, lasting from two days to months."

3758: 7671: 7658: 7464: 7250: 7163: 6775: 6359: 698: 7586: 5970: 2646:

In some countries, the high heat has caused excessive energy demand. Drought conditions have worsened across the region. In Indonesia,

6262: 1116: 755: 703: 7300: 4821: 3159: 7836: 7054: 4389:

Romanello, Marina; Di Napoli, Claudia; Drummond, Paul; Green, Carole; Kennard, Harry; Lampard, Pete; et al. (5 November 2022).

4103: 3143: 838: 797: 3776: 1100:

are twice as likely as they were in 1980. Climate change will lead to more very hot days and fewer very cold days. There are fewer

6462: 5319:

García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin; Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (4 October 2021).

4216:

Romanello, Marina; McGushin, Alice; Di Napoli, Claudia; Drummond, Paul; Hughes, Nick; Jamart, Louis; et al. (October 2021).

4123: 3299: 3229: 2989:

García-León, David; Casanueva, Ana; Standardi, Gabriele; Burgstall, Annkatrin; Flouris, Andreas D.; Nybo, Lars (4 October 2021).

2729: 685: 6305: 3379: 2509: 2174:

involved temperatures as high as 40 °C (104 °F). This and a late rain season scorched tea leaves and reduced yields.

986:

Map of increasing heat wave trends (frequency and cumulative intensity) over the midlatitudes and Europe, July–August 1979–2020

867: 6975: 6890: 7733: 7698: 5425: 4688: 4506: 4429:"Climate Change and the Emergent Epidemic of CKD from Heat Stress in Rural Communities: the Case for Heat Stress Nephropathy" 3328: 2390:

during a heatwave, which disrupts ecosystem functioning. Marine heatwaves have also been correlated with negative impacts on

6330: 2374: 6188: 4368: 3505: 2278:

can help address oxidative stress and prevent it from leading to other pathological conditions, but only in a limited way.

7795: 7713: 7683: 7676: 7663: 7653: 7648: 7591: 7512: 7350: 7285: 2613: 2480: 2451: 2308: 1019:'follows the sun'. The high pressure area is on the equator side of the jet stream in the upper layers of the atmosphere. 583: 3593: 2284:

is also known to be impaired in heat-stressed animals, rendering them more susceptible to various infections. Similarly,

7774: 7769: 7607: 7428: 7411: 7395: 7193: 4195: 2072:

in the table above is a measure of how hot it feels when relative humidity is factored with the actual air temperature.

1147:

is a spectrum of disorders due to increased body temperature. It can be caused by either environmental conditions or by

5909: 7499: 7482: 7433: 7421: 7390: 4480: 2561: 2414: 885:

The Netherlands defines a heat wave as a period of at least five consecutive days in which the maximum temperature in

3687:"A Model Study of Heat Waves over North America: Meteorological Aspects and Projections for the Twenty-First Century" 3274: 2421:. This advocates for naming heat waves, measuring them, and ranking them to build better awareness of their impacts. 2215:". Livestock mortality rates are already known to be higher during the hottest months of the year, as well as during 1256:(CKD). Prolonged heat exposure, physical exertion, and dehydration are sufficient factors for the development of CKD. 5869:

Sauter, Christoph; Fowler, Hayley J.; Westra, Seth; Ali, Haider; Peleg, Nadav; White, Christopher J. (1 June 2023).

5511:

Bett, B.; Kiunga, P.; Gachohi, J.; Sindato, C.; Mbotha, D.; Robinson, T.; Lindahl, J.; Grace, D. (23 January 2017).

4145:

Lipman, GS; Eifling, KP; Ellis, MA; Gaudio, FG; Otten, EM; Grissom, CK; Wilderness Medical Society (December 2013).

7841: 2671:

According to a 2022 study, 107 million people in the US will experience extremely dangerous heat in the year 2053.

1092:

Heatwaves over land have become more frequent and more intense in almost all world regions since the 1950s, due to

995: 911: 745: 124: 38: 6237:"Over 150 monkey deaths now linked to heat wave in Mexico: "There are going to be a lot of casualties" - CBS News" 3068:

Frich, A.; L.V. Alexander; P. Della-Marta; B. Gleason; M. Haylock; A.M.G. Klein Tank; T. Peterson (January 2002).

2199:

Once the body temperature of livestock animals is 3–4 °C (5.4–7.2 °F) above normal, this soon leads to "

7357: 7255: 7224: 3899: 2787: 1085: 750: 6749: 2887: 2862: 7856: 7738: 7708: 7494: 6436: 5295:"Rising Heat is Making it Harder to Work in the U.S. — the Costs for the Economy Will Soar with Climate Change" 4715: 4276:

Demain, Jeffrey G. (24 March 2018). "Climate Change and the Impact on Respiratory and Allergic Disease: 2018".

2403: 959:

New high temperature records have outpaced new low temperature records on a growing portion of Earth's surface.

915: 119:. They can lead to widespread electricity outages because more air conditioning is used. A heat wave counts as 6517: 5600:

Bagath, M.; Krishnan, G.; Deravaj, C.; Rashamol, V. P.; Pragna, P.; Lees, A. M.; Sejian, V. (21 August 2019).

4571: 7851: 7544: 7537: 7532: 7507: 7487: 7340: 7320: 7280: 7268: 7156: 6921: 2526: 2496: 2220: 1328: 1298: 1290: 740: 3940: 3477: 3398: 2537:

said it transported a higher-than-normal number of bodies to the morgue during the period of 20 to 25 June.

2191: 2152:

caused $ 800 million (USD) in export losses for the aquaculture industry as salmon and shellfish died off.

7622: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7416: 5601: 5512: 4844: 2680: 2459: 2330: 1321: 1253: 1237: 1028: 923: 609: 6060: 5996: 4390: 4147:"Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of heat-related illness" 2964: 2768: 1305:, Pakistan in June 2015 due to a severe heat wave with temperatures as high as 49 °C (120 °F). 7527: 7517: 7474: 7380: 7330: 7275: 7263: 7240: 6952: 4651: 2577: 2488: 2367: 1124: 930: 790: 604: 362: 286: 3927: 3744: 3357: 3054: 998:

above 30 Celsius tripled between 1983 and 2016, and if the effect of population growth (increasing the

6236: 5870: 5817: 5385: 3853: 2266:

activities, which can result in an imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant molecules, otherwise known as

7335: 7315: 7305: 7295: 7245: 6159: 6135: 5774: 5717: 5660: 5332: 5114: 5047: 4836: 4727: 4647:"Relation between Elevated Ambient Temperature and Mortality: A Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence" 4218:"The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future" 3865: 3810: 3698: 3631: 3558: 3520: 3435: 3084: 3002: 2874: 2825: 2557: 2543: 2354: 1210:. Exposure to extreme heat poses an acute health hazard for many of the people deemed as vulnerable. 722: 320: 7846: 7831: 7310: 5848: 4849: 2921: 2149: 1294: 1241: 1229: 1032: 768: 717: 614: 553: 379: 5386:"Pelagic harmful algal blooms and climate change: Lessons from nature's experiments with extremes" 2600:

recorded 50.5 °C (122.9 °F), which was the highest temperature in India in eight years.

7385: 7345: 7183: 7149: 7005: 6976:"An 'extreme heat belt' will impact over 100 million Americans in the next 30 years, study finds" 5629: 5582: 5224: 4987: 4919: 4870: 4784: 4763:

Huynen, Maud M. T. E; Martens, Pim; Schram, Dieneke; Weijenberg, Matty P; Kunst, Anton E (2001).

4745: 4301: 4258: 4005: 3834: 3424:"Accelerated western European heatwave trends linked to more-persistent double jets over Eurasia" 2724: 2467: 2442: 2430: 2391: 2334: 2244: 2204: 1286: 1060: 1044: 1011: 943: 389: 367: 274: 235: 99: 51: 7096:

Robert E. Davis; Paul C. Knappenberger; Patrick J. Michaels; Wendy M. Novicoff (November 2003).

5034:

Diem, Jeremy E.; Stauber, Christine E.; Rothenberg, Richard (16 May 2017). Añel, Juan A. (ed.).

3070:"Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century" 5871:"Compound extreme hourly rainfall preconditioned by heatwaves most likely in the mid-latitudes" 5761:

Li, Jinghui; Narayanan, Vinod; Kebreab, Ermias; Dikmen, Sedal; Fadel, James G. (23 July 2021).

7127: 7050: 6723: 6163: 6140: 6090: 6004: 5952: 5890: 5743: 5686: 5621: 5574: 5532: 5493: 5475: 5407: 5366: 5348: 5246: 5205: 5187: 5148: 5130: 5083: 5065: 5036:"Heat in the southeastern United States: Characteristics, trends, and potential health impact" 4911: 4862: 4802: 4670: 4617: 4526: 4458: 4350: 4342: 4293: 4250: 4168: 4099: 4077: 4040: 3997: 3881: 3826: 3762: 3667: 3649: 3574: 3463: 3185: 3139: 3036: 3018: 2843: 2734: 2212: 1207: 1203: 1056: 1036: 1024: 999: 619: 5103:"Long-term Changes in Extreme Air Pollution Meteorology and the Implications for Air Quality" 2624:

countries have experienced record-breaking temperatures which have left several people dead.

1188:

Effects of climate change on human health § Heat-related health effects for vulnerable people

7805: 7117: 7109: 6130: 6122: 6080: 6072: 5944: 5882: 5782: 5733: 5725: 5676: 5668: 5649:"Thermodynamic assessment of heat stress in dairy cattle: lessons from human biometeorology" 5613: 5564: 5524: 5483: 5467: 5397: 5356: 5340: 5236: 5195: 5179: 5138: 5122: 5073: 5055: 5014: 4983: 4979: 4950: 4901: 4854: 4792: 4776: 4735: 4660: 4609: 4518: 4448: 4440: 4406: 4332: 4285: 4240: 4232: 4158: 4067: 4032: 3987: 3977: 3948: 3873: 3818: 3706: 3657: 3639: 3566: 3528: 3453: 3443: 3406: 3251: 3092: 3026: 3010: 2882: 2833: 2795: 2676: 2418: 2350: 2267: 2236: 2228: 2081: 1245: 1097: 783: 497: 384: 296: 139: 55: 5840: 3112: 3069: 7810: 7208: 7203: 7198: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 3422:

Rousi, Efi; Kornhuber, Kai; Beobide-Arsuaga, Goratz; Luo, Fei; Coumou, Dim (4 July 2022).

3207: 3163: 2636:

on 28 April 2024. The heat wave has been attributed to a combination of causes, including

2547: 2530: 2463: 2386: 1156: 972: 690: 465: 168: 120: 88: 6410: 6076: 3533: 3405:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, 2917:"This Summer’s Record-Breaking Heat Waves Would Not Have Happened without Climate Change" 2754: 2474:, and over 48 deaths in Mexico with over 950 people suffering from heat-related ailments. 2140:

2009 southeastern Australia heat wave, thermal map approximate affected area shown in red

5787: 5778: 5762: 5721: 5664: 5336: 5118: 5051: 4840: 4731: 4689:"Heat waves are far deadlier than we think. How California neglects this climate threat" 4023:

Lugo-Amador, Nannette M; Rothenhaus, Todd; Moyer, Peter (2004). "Heat-related illness".

3947:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US, pp. 3−32, 3869: 3814: 3797:

Miralles, D. G.; van den Berg, M. J.; Teuling, A. J.; de Jeu, R. A. M. (November 2012).

3780: 3702: 3635: 3562: 3524: 3439: 3088: 3006: 2878: 2829: 2679:. About 400 deaths a year on average are directly due to heat in the United States. The 1265: 1040:

This enhances the subsidence or sinking of the air and therefore the adiabatic warming.

7790: 7188: 7122: 7097: 7027: 6111:"Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services" 5738: 5705: 5681: 5648: 5488: 5455: 5361: 5320: 5294: 5200: 5167: 5143: 5102: 5078: 5035: 4797: 4764: 4453: 4428: 4119: 3662: 3619: 3458: 3423: 3388:(change "202310" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 10=October) 3031: 2990: 2637: 2621: 2597: 2466:, leading to dozens of broken temperature records, mass deaths of animals from several 1199: 1172: 1093: 994:

One study in 2021 investigated 13,115 cities. It found that extreme heat exposure of a

773: 680: 514: 92: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5007:"Does the Environment Still Matter? Daily Temperature and Income in the United States" 4410: 4337: 4320: 4236: 3964:

Clarke, Ben; Otto, Friederike; Stuart-Smith, Rupert; Harrington, Luke (28 June 2022).

2223:, for instance, thousands of pigs, poultry, and rabbits died in the French regions of 7825: 5932: 5633: 5586: 5272: 4923: 4858: 4765:"The Impact of Heat Waves and Cold Spells on Mortality Rates in the Dutch Population" 4749: 4597: 4262: 4009: 2629: 2281: 1249: 1071: 919: 636: 590: 536: 485: 372: 6189:"Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance: Reducing Extreme Heat Risk for Vulnerable People" 6110: 5569: 5552: 5528: 5513:"Effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of livestock diseases" 4991: 4874: 4072: 3877: 3838: 3570: 2592:, which typically lasts from March to July with peak temperatures in April and May. 1285:

Health experts warn that "exposure to extreme heat increases the risk of death from

7800: 7748: 6857:"Delhi weather station that recorded 52.9°C had '3°C sensor error': Union Minister" 4305: 3594:"Exposure to extreme urban heat has tripled worldwide since the 1980s, study finds" 2625: 2407: 2136: 1221: 1195: 1160: 1144: 1137: 1052: 526: 450: 281: 108: 58:

traps heat near the ground, forming a heat wave (for North America in this example)

6346:‘Inside an oven’: sweltering heat ravages crops and takes lives in south-east Asia 3854:"Investigating soil moisture–climate interactions in a changing climate: A review" 3726: 3506:"Top ten European heatwaves since 1950 and their occurrence in the coming decades" 2166:

Heat waves are a big threat to agricultural production. In 2019 heat waves in the

1244:. Adverse pregnancy outcomes due to high ambient temperatures include for example 6891:"Searing heat is back across Southeast Asia and it's not going away anytime soon" 6832:"Delhi's record 52.9C temperature reading was wrong by three degrees, India says" 6620: 6542: 6488: 6288:"Experts warn of hail, whirlwinds in Mexico after new heat record in the capital" 6215:"The world's getting hotter. Can naming heat waves raise awareness of the risks?" 5060: 4970:

Hsiang, Solomon; Burke, Marshall; Miguel, Edward (2015). "Climate and Conflict".

6192: 4474: 4472: 4422: 4420: 4384: 4382: 3278: 2814:"More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century" 2633: 2285: 2271: 2260: 2208: 2200: 1217: 1213: 1168: 1152: 1120: 675: 563: 558: 521: 470: 401: 347: 303: 291: 240: 27: 6884: 6882: 5948: 5886: 5706:"Environmental parameters to assessing of heat stress in dairy cattle—a review" 5672: 5617: 5344: 5241: 4613: 4522: 4481:"The world's torrid future is etched in the crippled kidneys of Nepali workers" 3982: 3965: 3448: 3014: 6801:"Rajasthan's Churu records 50.5 degree celsius, becomes hottest city in India" 6126: 5839:

Bell, M.; A. Giannini; E. Grover; M. Hopp; B. Lyon; A. Seth (September 2003).

5729: 5402: 5183: 4289: 4163: 4146: 4036: 3952: 3711: 3686: 3410: 2799: 2641: 2589: 2256: 2069: 1345: 1164: 1016: 898: 834: 670: 653: 595: 543: 406: 342: 337: 330: 257: 252: 210: 198: 34: 20: 6167: 6144: 6094: 5956: 5894: 5802: 5479: 5411: 5352: 5191: 5134: 5069: 4939:"Thermal stress in the U.S.A.: effects on violence and on employee behaviour" 4915: 4346: 4187: 4001: 3885: 3830: 3653: 3022: 848:

is: "A period of abnormally and uncomfortably hot and usually humid weather."

74:, is a period of abnormally hot weather. Definitions vary but are similar. A 7083: 4889: 4665: 4646: 4598:"How climate change is hitting Europe: three graphics reveal health impacts" 4395:

Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels"

3644: 2838: 2813: 2719: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2593: 1233: 1101: 660: 455: 445: 357: 325: 308: 269: 247: 203: 7131: 6953:"50 Million Americans Are Currently Living Under Some Type of Heat Warning" 5747: 5690: 5625: 5578: 5536: 5497: 5370: 5250: 5209: 5152: 5087: 4866: 4806: 4674: 4621: 4530: 4462: 4354: 4297: 4254: 4172: 4081: 4044: 3992: 3671: 3578: 3467: 3040: 2847: 123:. It poses danger to human health, because heat and sunlight overwhelm the 6568:"At least 1,300 hajj pilgrims died during extreme heat, Saudi Arabia says" 5602:"The impact of heat stress on the immune system in dairy cattle: A review" 4740: 3162:(in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. 22 July 2008. Archived from 2521:

to temporarily stop distribution of electricity to portions of the nation.

1320:

Part of the mortality during a heat wave may be due to short-term forward

1212:

Climate change increases the frequency and severity of heatwaves and thus

1031:

and prevents the formation of clouds. A reduction of clouds increases the

6776:"In pictures: India records 'longest' heatwave, Delhi faces water crisis" 6360:"In pictures: India records 'longest' heatwave, Delhi faces water crisis" 6085: 6031:"Extreme heat triggers mass die-offs and stress for wildlife in the West" 5553:"Potential use of chromium to combat thermal stress in animals: A review" 4444: 4245: 3822: 3799:"Soil moisture-temperature coupling: A multiscale observational analysis" 2794:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, pp. 2897–2930, 2471: 2275: 2259:

its fat stores to sustain itself. Heat stress also causes an increase in

2240: 2224: 2216: 1148: 1064: 1043:

In the eastern regions of the United States a heat wave can occur when a

837:), the normal period being 1961–1990. The same definition is used by the 460: 112: 84: 6750:"Climate change, El Nino factor into Japan's warmest April in 130 years" 6463:"Hundreds of Hajj pilgrims die as Mecca temperatures hit 120 Fahrenheit" 5471: 5321:"Current and projected regional economic impacts of heatwaves in Europe" 2991:"Current and projected regional economic impacts of heatwaves in Europe" 6922:"Large swathes of Asia sweltering through record breaking temperatures" 4788: 3966:"Extreme weather impacts of climate change: an attribution perspective" 3798: 2938: 2700: 2651: 2551: 2534: 2248: 2167: 1302: 1202:. Other people at risk include those in urban environments (due to the 886: 830: 626: 504: 492: 440: 423: 394: 352: 315: 262: 191: 147: 116: 87:

often occurs during heat waves as well. This is especially the case in

80: 5971:"Physiological Optima and Critical Limits | Learn Science at Scitable" 5126: 4906: 3944: 3402: 2791: 2185:

Effects of climate change on livestock § Health impacts of heat stress

46: 7113: 5931:

Murali, Gopal; Iwamura, Takuya; Meiri, Shai; Roll, Uri (March 2023).

5818:"Heat Eases, but Thousands of Southern Californians Still Lack Power" 4955: 4938: 4822:"The 2003 Heat Wave in France: Dangerous Climate Change Here and Now" 3097: 2647: 2514: 2455: 2263: 2252: 2171: 1176: 428: 416: 411: 178: 173: 163: 156: 6511: 6509: 6332:

Wave of exceptionally hot weather scorches south and south-east Asia

5908:

Clarke, Ben; Otto, Friederike; Harrington, Luke (2 September 2022).

4780: 2370:

for species that already deal with habitat loss and climate change.

1096:. Heat waves are more likely to occur simultaneously with droughts. 6621:"Pakistan: More than 500 die in six days as heatwave grips country" 5704:

Herbut, Piotr; Angrecka, Sabina; Walczak, Jacek (27 October 2018).

5019: 5006: 3909:. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2021. pp. 8–10. 2692: 2654:, the heat wave exacerbated the humanitarian crisis caused by the 2585: 2505: 2190: 2135: 2112: 2106: 2102: 2085: 1279:

Effects of climate change on human health § Heat-related mortality

1264: 1225: 1115: 981: 891: 631: 568: 230: 223: 45: 6699:"Heat Sears Paris and London While Wildfires Hit Southern Europe" 6263:"Photos: Submerged homes and heatwaves fuel Mexico climate angst" 4546:"Heat Wave Death Toll Rises to 2,000 in Pakistan's Financial Hub" 2905:. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2021. pp. 8–10. 6595:"Kuwait Forced to Cut Power to Some Areas as Heat Raises Demand" 6461:

Kent, Lauren; Faraj, Caroline; Atay Alam, Hande (19 June 2024).

6386:"India heatwave kills at least 33, including election officials" 4507:"Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003" 2338: 1341: 648: 548: 531: 509: 435: 7145: 7070: 2080:

Excessive heat causes psychological stress as well as physical

1086:

Effects of climate change § Heat waves and temperature extremes

975:

events (for increasing degrees of global warming) are expected.

1236:. Furthermore, it may cause the deterioration of pre-existing 643: 7141: 5168:"The Interplay of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Health" 878: 33:"Heat waves" redirects here. For the Glass Animals song, see 6647:"Karachi Sees a Surge in Deaths as Heat Wave Sears Pakistan" 6306:"Photos: Southeast Asia swelters in record-setting heatwave" 7074:

By Eric Klinenberg. Slate.com. Posted Tuesday, 30 July 2002

7071:

Dead Heat: Why don't Americans sweat over heat-wave deaths?

7028:

Near-Fatal Heat Stroke during the 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago

2888:

10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0762:OTDOAH>2.0.CO;2

6672:"After rainy start, heatwave announced for Paris Olympics" 2243:

rates, and the combination of these responses can lead to

4716:"Estimation of Excess Deaths during Hot Summers in Japan" 3779:. City of Cape Town, South Africa Website. Archived from 2584:

Since May 2024, a severe and long heat wave has impacted

1055:

Province of South Africa, a heat wave can occur when the

4890:"Can Japan really reach "zero deaths" from heat stroke?" 4098:(6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 1186. 3504:

Russo, Simone; Sillmann, Jana; Fischer, Erich M (2015).

6543:"At least 1,301 people died during Hajj - Saudi Arabia" 6437:"Deadly Toll in Greece as Heat Waves Sweep the Country" 5933:"Future temperature extremes threaten land vertebrates" 5456:"Impact of climate change on animal health and welfare" 4820:

Poumadère, M.; Mays, C.; Le Mer, S.; Blong, R. (2005).

4369:"Hot weather increases the risk of acute kidney injury" 2510:

resulted in the deaths of pilgrims in the city for Hajj

2413:

Policymakers, funders and researchers have created the

1216:

for people. Human responses to heat stress can include

971:

Large increases in both the frequency and intensity of

7098:"Changing heat-related mortality in the United States" 5426:"Malawi heatwaves threaten tea yields and livelihoods" 4433:

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

3743:. Pasquotank County, NC, U. S. Website. Archived from 2529:- In June 2024, Pakistan experienced a heat wave. The 6518:"A Deadly Toll as an Intense Heat Grips Saudi Arabia" 5910:"Pakistan floods: what role did climate change play?" 5763:"A mechanistic thermal balance model of dairy cattle" 5005:

Solomon, Hsiang; Tatyana, Deryugina (December 2014).

6974:

Miller, Brandon; Waldrop, Theresa (16 August 2022).

4640: 4638: 7783: 7757: 7726: 7631: 7600: 7564: 7557: 7442: 7404: 7373: 7366: 7233: 7217: 5995:Cullum, A. J. (1 January 2008), Fath, Brian (ed.), 3792: 3790: 2519:

Ministry of Electricity, Water and Renewable Energy

7047:Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago 3620:"Global urban population exposure to extreme heat" 2517:, where heightened demand caused officials at the 2357:that began in June and claimed over 1,100 lives. 5647:Foroushani, Sepehr; Amon, Thomas (11 July 2022). 2470:, water shortages requiring rationing, increased 1269:The National Weather Service risk categories for 1131:Heat-related health effects for vulnerable humans 5816:Doan, Lynn; Covarrubias, Amanda (27 July 2006). 1336:Heat index for temperature and relative humidity 926:when it expects unusual periods of hot weather. 7084:Most People Struck Down by Summer Heat Are Poor 6489:"At least 14 Hajj pilgrims die in intense heat" 6411:"India's heat wave longest ever, worse to come" 6160:"A City Prepares for a Warm Long-Term Forecast" 4188:"Summer Heat Can Be Deadly for Outdoor Workers" 4096:Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide 3907:Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis 3624:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3275:"Half the country wilts under unrelenting heat" 3254:. NOAA's National Weather Service. 25 June 2009 2903:Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis 1252:.Heat waves have also resulted in epidemics of 1206:), outdoor workers and people who take certain 4544:Haider, Kamran; Anis, Khurrum (24 June 2015). 26:For the disease that is produced by heat, see 7157: 6724:"Japan sees hottest July since records began" 6697:Farhat, Eamon; Tugwell, Paul (29 July 2024). 3478:"Why Europe Is Becoming a Heat Wave Hot Spot" 1224:. Extreme heat is also linked to low quality 810:There are several definitions of heat waves: 791: 8: 6998:"Hot Weather Tips and the Chicago Heat Plan" 6920:Ward, Taylor; Regan, Helen (19 April 2023). 4937:Simister, John; Cary Cooper (October 2004). 4572:"Heatstroke leaves another 26 dead in Sindh" 2941:. US Department of Commerce NOAA weather.gov 2479:Since April 2024 Southeast Asia has faced a 2255:bodies, caused by the animal's body rapidly 2195:Impacts of heat stress on livestock animals. 5392:. Climate change and harmful algal blooms. 5166:Orru, H.; Ebi, K. L.; Forsberg, B. (2017). 4720:Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere 4025:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 3329:"Extreme Heat Services for South Australia" 2588:. The heat wave occurred during the Indian 2313:early 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave 2111:High temperatures also make the effects of 2107:Ozone § Low level ozone in urban areas 870:also has a definition for a "warmth wave" ( 16:Prolonged period of excessively hot weather 7561: 7370: 7164: 7150: 7142: 2668:than any low temperature measured before. 2546:, host city Paris, along with portions of 894:as a reference point. So does Luxembourg. 798: 784: 134: 7121: 6136:2160/3a9b534b-03ab-4619-9637-2ab06054fe70 6134: 6084: 5786: 5737: 5680: 5568: 5487: 5401: 5360: 5240: 5199: 5142: 5077: 5059: 5018: 4954: 4905: 4848: 4796: 4739: 4664: 4452: 4336: 4244: 4162: 4071: 3991: 3981: 3710: 3661: 3643: 3532: 3457: 3447: 3096: 3030: 2965:"Deadly heatwaves threaten economies too" 2886: 2837: 6061:"Biological Impacts of Marine Heatwaves" 6001:Encyclopedia of Ecology (Second Edition) 4714:Fujibe, Fumiaki; Matsumoto, Jun (2021). 3331:. Bureau of Meteorology. 15 January 2010 3186:"Värmebölja Klimat: Kunskapsbanken SMHI" 2162:Effects of climate change on agriculture 1339: 991:affected areas in the last two decades. 879:Hellenic National Meteorological Service 5710:International Journal of Biometeorology 5653:International Journal of Biometeorology 4984:10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115430 4608:(8018). Lancet Public Health: 800–801. 4151:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 3356:. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from 2746: 1351: 146: 6054: 6052: 6003:, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 640–646, 4645:Basu, Rupa; Jonathan M. Samet (2002). 4186:Jacklitsch, Brenda L. (29 June 2011). 3386:from the original on 16 November 2023. 2628:peaked at 53 °C (127 °F) in 2398:Options for reducing impacts on humans 2076:Psychological and sociological effects 1301:. Also more than 2,000 people died in 862:Denmark defines a national heat wave ( 4198:from the original on 4 December 2012. 3916:from the original on 4 November 2021. 3348: 3346: 2984: 2982: 2782: 2780: 2778: 7: 6574:. Agence France-Presse. 23 June 2024 6516:Vinograd, Cassandra (19 June 2024). 6077:10.1146/annurev-marine-032122-121437 5172:Current Environmental Health Reports 5101:Hou, Pei; Wu, Shiliang (July 2016). 2958: 2956: 2933: 2931: 2425:Recent examples by country or region 1123:treatment at Baton Rouge during the 7086:Newswise, Retrieved on 9 July 2008. 5788:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.06.009 5454:Lacetera, Nicola (3 January 2019). 4060:Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 3138:. American Meteorological Society. 2771:. gcunoxfohoarnersdictionaries.com. 2337:have irrigation systems to back up 6435:Kitsantonis, Niki (16 June 2024). 4888:Ro, Christine (1 September 2022). 4278:Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 4192:NIOSH: Workplace Safety and Health 2863:"On the Definition of a Heat Wave" 2504:In mid-June, high temperatures in 111:. They have increased the risk of 14: 7102:Environmental Health Perspectives 6867:from the original on 30 June 2024 6811:from the original on 29 June 2024 6774:Jacob, Charmaine (14 June 2024). 6619:Davies, Caroline (26 June 2024). 6593:MacDonald, Fiona (19 June 2024). 6358:Jacob, Charmaine (14 June 2024). 4769:Environmental Health Perspectives 3160:"Danmark får varme- og hedebølge" 2299:dangerous to traverse by trains. 1194:Vulnerable people with regard to 839:World Meteorological Organization 6932:from the original on 6 July 2023 6901:from the original on 26 May 2024 6645:Dilawar, Ismail (27 June 2024). 5557:Science of the Total Environment 4859:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00694.x 4126:from the original on 4 July 2014 3761:. 1stweather.com. Archived from 3551:Science of the Total Environment 3476:Fountain, Henry (18 July 2022). 3354:"Australia Weather and Warnings" 3300:Pacific Gas and Electric Company 2730:List of severe weather phenomena 2612:This section is an excerpt from 2576:This section is an excerpt from 2508:, characterized as a heat wave, 2441:This section is an excerpt from 2415:Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance 2183:This section is an excerpt from 2103:Ozone § Ozone air pollution 1277:This section is an excerpt from 1186:This section is an excerpt from 1136:This section is an excerpt from 1084:This section is an excerpt from 964: 952: 931:Australian Bureau of Meteorology 767: 6889:Chen, Heather (10 April 2024). 6830:Kaushik, Krishn (2 June 2024). 6487:Pelham, Lipika (16 June 2024). 6329:theguardian.com 26 April 2024: 6158:Kaufman, Leslie (23 May 2011). 6065:Annual Review of Marine Science 5570:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135996 5529:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.11.019 4570:Mansoor, Hasan (30 June 2015). 4073:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004233 3970:Environmental Research: Climate 3878:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.02.004 3571:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.008 3302:. 24 March 2017. Archived from 2251:, or the rapid accumulation of 868:Danish Meteorological Institute 7734:Australian flying fox die-offs 6384:Dash, Jatindra (31 May 2024). 5606:Research in Veterinary Science 5517:Preventive Veterinary Medicine 5271:Benedek, Réfi (12 July 2022). 5225:"The 2003 European heat waves" 4479:Shih, Gerry (6 January 2023). 3729:. US National Weather Service. 3685:Lau, N; Nath, Mary Jo (2012). 3534:10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124003 3513:Environmental Research Letters 2867:Journal of Applied Meteorology 2769:"Heatwave – noun – Definition" 2755:"Heatwave – noun – Definition" 1: 7796:Heat waves and climate change 6191:. wcr.ethz.ch. Archived from 4411:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9 4338:10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00008-1 4237:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6 3777:"Natural Hazards - Heat Wave" 3277:. Yahoo! News. Archived from 2614:2024 Southeast Asia heat wave 2309:2006 North American heat wave 2097:Surface ozone (air pollution) 7049:. Chicago University Press. 6748:Kaneko, Karin (2 May 2024). 6343:theguardian.com 4 May 2024: 5875:Weather and Climate Extremes 5061:10.1371/journal.pone.0177937 5011:NBER Working Paper No. 20750 4427:Glaser; et al. (2016). 3803:Geophysical Research Letters 3210:. Met Office. 31 August 2011 2939:"NWS JetStream - Heat Index" 2378:temperatures in the future. 2270:. Feed supplementation with 2156:Reduced agricultural outputs 1312:Underreporting of fatalities 83:pattern for that area. High 7033:Annals of Internal Medicine 4325:The Lancet Planetary Health 4120:"Heat Illness: MedlinePlus" 4094:Tintinalli, Judith (2004). 2963:Bottollier-Depois, Amélie. 2562:Japan Meteorological Agency 897:In the United Kingdom, the 695:Severe weather terminology 157:Temperate and polar seasons 7873: 7749:2012–2013 ("Angry Summer") 5949:10.1038/s41586-022-05606-z 5887:10.1016/j.wace.2023.100563 5673:10.1007/s00484-022-02321-2 5618:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.011 5345:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z 5242:10.2807/esm.10.07.00552-en 4972:Annual Review of Economics 4614:10.1038/d41586-024-02006-3 4523:10.1016/j.crvi.2007.12.001 3900:"Summary for Policymakers" 3449:10.1038/s41467-022-31432-y 3134:Glickman, Todd S. (2000). 3015:10.1038/s41467-021-26050-z 2861:Robinson, Peter J (2001). 2620:Since April 2024, several 2611: 2575: 2440: 2428: 2319:Impacts on the environment 2182: 2159: 2100: 1344:national weather service: 1276: 1185: 1135: 1083: 996:wet bulb globe temperature 941: 825:A definition based on the 125:thermoregulation in humans 39:Heat wave (disambiguation) 32: 25: 18: 7358:List of Indian heat waves 7301:2022 (India and Pakistan) 7291:2019 (India and Pakistan) 7179: 7045:Klinenberg, Eric (2002). 6127:10.1038/s41558-019-0412-1 5805:. BBC News. 15 July 2013. 5730:10.1007/s00484-018-1629-9 5403:10.1016/j.hal.2019.03.009 5223:Kosatsky T. (July 2005). 5184:10.1007/s40572-017-0168-6 4290:10.1007/s11882-018-0777-7 4164:10.1016/j.wem.2013.07.004 4037:10.1016/j.emc.2004.01.004 3953:10.1017/9781009157896.001 3712:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00575.1 3411:10.1017/9781009157896.001 3232:. Met Office. 26 May 2023 3115:. Encyclopedia Britannica 2800:10.1017/9781009325844.029 2650:infections increased. In 2554:, experienced a heatwave. 2443:List of heat waves § 2024 1982: 1939: 1895: 1850: 1805: 1759: 1712: 1664: 1615: 1565: 1514: 1462: 1458:136 °F (58 °C) 1409: 1405:110 °F (43 °C) 1404: 1402:108 °F (42 °C) 1401: 1399:106 °F (41 °C) 1398: 1396:104 °F (40 °C) 1395: 1393:102 °F (39 °C) 1392: 1390:100 °F (38 °C) 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1063:inland combine to form a 70:, sometimes described as 7837:Meteorological phenomena 5803:"When does tarmac melt?" 4511:Comptes Rendus Biologies 4391:"The 2022 report of the 3983:10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7d 3941:Summary for Policymakers 3928:Summary for Policymakers 3399:Summary for Policymakers 2436:Around the world in 2024 2404:greenhouse gas emissions 2394:such as coral and kelp. 2203:, heat exhaustion, heat 2132:Reduced economic outputs 2001:132 °F (56 °C) 1998:121 °F (49 °C) 1995:112 °F (44 °C) 1992:103 °F (39 °C) 1958:127 °F (53 °C) 1955:117 °F (47 °C) 1952:108 °F (42 °C) 1949:100 °F (38 °C) 1917:131 °F (55 °C) 1914:122 °F (50 °C) 1911:113 °F (45 °C) 1908:105 °F (41 °C) 1875:135 °F (57 °C) 1872:126 °F (52 °C) 1869:117 °F (47 °C) 1866:110 °F (43 °C) 1863:102 °F (39 °C) 1830:129 °F (54 °C) 1827:121 °F (49 °C) 1824:113 °F (45 °C) 1821:106 °F (41 °C) 1818:100 °F (38 °C) 1787:132 °F (56 °C) 1784:124 °F (51 °C) 1781:116 °F (47 °C) 1778:109 °F (43 °C) 1775:103 °F (39 °C) 1743:134 °F (57 °C) 1740:126 °F (52 °C) 1737:119 °F (48 °C) 1734:112 °F (44 °C) 1731:105 °F (41 °C) 1728:100 °F (38 °C) 1698:136 °F (58 °C) 1695:128 °F (53 °C) 1692:121 °F (49 °C) 1689:114 °F (46 °C) 1686:108 °F (42 °C) 1683:103 °F (39 °C) 1652:137 °F (58 °C) 1649:129 °F (54 °C) 1646:123 °F (51 °C) 1643:116 °F (47 °C) 1640:110 °F (43 °C) 1637:105 °F (41 °C) 1634:100 °F (38 °C) 1605:137 °F (58 °C) 1602:130 °F (54 °C) 1599:124 °F (51 °C) 1596:117 °F (47 °C) 1593:112 °F (44 °C) 1590:106 °F (41 °C) 1587:101 °F (38 °C) 1557:137 °F (58 °C) 1554:131 °F (55 °C) 1551:124 °F (51 °C) 1548:118 °F (48 °C) 1545:113 °F (45 °C) 1542:108 °F (42 °C) 1539:103 °F (39 °C) 1508:137 °F (58 °C) 1505:130 °F (54 °C) 1502:124 °F (51 °C) 1499:119 °F (48 °C) 1496:114 °F (46 °C) 1493:109 °F (43 °C) 1490:104 °F (40 °C) 1487:100 °F (38 °C) 1455:130 °F (54 °C) 1452:124 °F (51 °C) 1449:119 °F (48 °C) 1446:114 °F (46 °C) 1443:109 °F (43 °C) 1440:105 °F (41 °C) 1437:101 °F (38 °C) 1387:98 °F (37 °C) 1384:96 °F (36 °C) 1381:94 °F (34 °C) 1378:92 °F (33 °C) 1375:90 °F (32 °C) 1372:88 °F (31 °C) 1369:86 °F (30 °C) 1366:84 °F (29 °C) 1363:82 °F (28 °C) 1360:80 °F (27 °C) 1204:urban heat island effect 1035:reaching the surface. A 916:National Weather Service 827:Heat Wave Duration Index 19:Not to be confused with 5428:. Future Climate Africa 5273:"The cost of heatwaves" 3645:10.1073/pnas.2024792118 3298:. Oakland, California: 3293:"Staying Cool and Safe" 3136:Glossary of Meteorology 3113:"Heat wave meteorology" 2839:10.1126/science.1098704 2527:2024 Pakistan heat wave 2497:2024 European heatwaves 2373:Species have a thermal 2221:2003 European heat wave 1989:95 °F (35 °C) 1986:87 °F (31 °C) 1946:93 °F (34 °C) 1943:86 °F (30 °C) 1905:98 °F (37 °C) 1902:91 °F (33 °C) 1899:86 °F (30 °C) 1860:96 °F (36 °C) 1857:90 °F (32 °C) 1854:85 °F (29 °C) 1815:94 °F (34 °C) 1812:89 °F (32 °C) 1809:84 °F (29 °C) 1772:97 °F (36 °C) 1769:92 °F (33 °C) 1766:88 °F (31 °C) 1763:84 °F (29 °C) 1725:95 °F (35 °C) 1722:90 °F (32 °C) 1719:86 °F (30 °C) 1716:83 °F (28 °C) 1680:98 °F (37 °C) 1677:93 °F (34 °C) 1674:89 °F (32 °C) 1671:85 °F (29 °C) 1668:82 °F (28 °C) 1631:95 °F (35 °C) 1628:91 °F (33 °C) 1625:88 °F (31 °C) 1622:84 °F (29 °C) 1619:82 °F (28 °C) 1584:97 °F (36 °C) 1581:93 °F (34 °C) 1578:89 °F (32 °C) 1575:86 °F (30 °C) 1572:84 °F (29 °C) 1569:81 °F (27 °C) 1536:99 °F (37 °C) 1533:95 °F (35 °C) 1530:91 °F (33 °C) 1527:88 °F (31 °C) 1524:85 °F (29 °C) 1521:83 °F (28 °C) 1518:81 °F (27 °C) 1484:96 °F (36 °C) 1481:93 °F (34 °C) 1478:89 °F (32 °C) 1475:87 °F (31 °C) 1472:84 °F (29 °C) 1469:82 °F (28 °C) 1466:80 °F (27 °C) 1434:97 °F (36 °C) 1431:94 °F (34 °C) 1428:91 °F (33 °C) 1425:88 °F (31 °C) 1422:85 °F (29 °C) 1419:83 °F (28 °C) 1416:81 °F (27 °C) 1413:80 °F (27 °C) 1299:2003 European heat wave 1232:and complications with 1112:Impacts on human health 1010:Heat waves form when a 924:excessive heat warnings 846:Glossary of Meteorology 98:Heat waves form when a 6162:. The New York Times. 5767:Biosystems Engineering 4596:Wong, Carissa (2024). 4194:. Medscape and NIOSH. 3055:"Heat Waves Explained" 2786:IPCC, 2022: Annex II: 2681:1995 Chicago heat wave 2460:Southern United States 2294:Infrastructural damage 2196: 2141: 1322:mortality displacement 1295:respiratory conditions 1273: 1254:chronic kidney disease 1127: 987: 853:Definitions by country 844:A definition from the 756:Tropical cyclone terms 59: 37:. For other uses, see 7500:2021 (UK and Ireland) 7286:2018 (Northeast Asia) 6115:Nature Climate Change 5325:Nature Communications 4741:10.2151/sola.2021-038 4666:10.1093/epirev/mxf007 4652:Epidemiologic Reviews 3858:Earth-Science Reviews 3428:Nature Communications 3230:"What is a heatwave?" 3188:(in Swedish). Smhi.se 2995:Nature Communications 2578:2024 Indian heat wave 2489:2024 Indian heat wave 2368:evolutionary pressure 2331:struck Europe in 2003 2194: 2139: 2101:Further information: 2046: Extreme caution 1268: 1125:2016 Louisiana floods 1119: 985: 363:Extratropical cyclone 287:Air-mass thunderstorm 49: 6217:. The World from PRX 4445:10.2215/CJN.13841215 4405:(10363): 1619–1654. 4231:(10311): 1619–1662. 3823:10.1029/2012gl053703 2812:Meehl, G. A (2004). 2558:2024 Japan heatwaves 2544:2024 Summer Olympics 2417:coalition under the 2361:Wild animals on land 2235:time, they increase 2127:Impacts on societies 2064: Extreme danger 1045:high pressure system 723:Weather modification 321:Anticyclonic tornado 52:high pressure system 7744:2008–2009 (SE Aus.) 5849:The Earth Institute 5820:. Los Angeles Times 5779:2021BiSyE.209..256L 5722:2018IJBm...62.2089H 5665:2022IJBm...66.1811F 5337:2021NatCo..12.5807G 5119:2016NatSR...623792H 5052:2017PLoSO..1277937D 4841:2005RiskA..25.1483P 4732:2021SOLA...17..220F 4485:The Washington Post 4031:(2): 315–27, viii. 3870:2010ESRv...99..125S 3815:2012GeoRL..3921707M 3703:2012JCli...25.4761L 3636:2021PNAS..11824792T 3630:(41): e2024792118. 3563:2016ScTEn.571.1330Z 3525:2015ERL....10l4003R 3440:2022NatCo..13.3851R 3208:"Heat-health watch" 3089:2002ClRes..19..193F 3007:2021NatCo..12.5807G 2922:Scientific American 2879:2001JApMe..40..762R 2830:2004Sci...305..994M 2513:heat also impacted 2245:metabolic disorders 2150:harmful algal bloom 1348: 1242:respiratory disease 1230:acute kidney injury 1033:shortwave radiation 718:Weather forecasting 554:Rain and snow mixed 380:Subtropical cyclone 7639:2000 (Southern US) 6522:The New York Times 6441:The New York Times 5912:. The Conversation 5845:IRI Climate Digest 5107:Scientific Reports 3691:Journal of Climate 3482:The New York Times 3360:on 16 October 2015 2915:Thompson, Andrea, 2757:. Merriam-Webster. 2725:List of heat waves 2468:threatened species 2450:Since March 2024, 2431:List of heat waves 2392:foundation species 2375:range of tolerance 2355:devastating floods 2247:. One examples is 2197: 2142: 1340: 1274: 1208:prescription drugs 1128: 1061:high-pressure area 1012:high pressure area 988: 944:List of heat waves 774:Weather portal 390:Atlantic hurricane 368:European windstorm 275:Volcanic lightning 236:Cumulonimbus cloud 100:high-pressure area 60: 7842:Natural disasters 7819: 7818: 7722: 7721: 7689:2020-2023 drought 7618:1988–1990 drought 7613:1983-1985 drought 7553: 7552: 7108:(14): 1712–1718. 6195:on 21 August 2020 6010:978-0-444-64130-4 5997:"Tolerance Range" 5943:(7952): 461–467. 5841:"Climate Impacts" 5716:(12): 2089–2097. 5523:(Pt B): 119–129. 5472:10.1093/af/vfy030 5127:10.1038/srep23792 4943:Stress and Health 4907:10.1136/bmj.o2107 4693:Los Angeles Times 4375:. 13 August 2024. 3765:on 15 April 2012. 3747:on 18 March 2012. 3697:(14): 4761–4784. 3273:Singer, Stephen. 2824:(5686): 994–997. 2735:Urban heat island 2677:tropical cyclones 2656:ongoing civil war 2452:severe heat waves 2213:organ dysfunction 2211:, and ultimately 2025: 2024: 1356:Relative humidity 1353:Temperature 1059:offshore and the 1057:low-pressure area 1000:urban heat island 808: 807: 7864: 7806:List of droughts 7765:2009 (Argentina) 7709:2023 (Caribbean) 7562: 7371: 7166: 7159: 7152: 7143: 7136: 7135: 7125: 7114:10.1289/ehp.6336 7093: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7042: 7036: 7035:Vol. 129 Issue 3 7024: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7004:. Archived from 6994: 6988: 6987: 6985: 6983: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6951:Rosane, Olivia. 6948: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6917: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6886: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6827: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6805:Financialexpress 6797: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6720: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6694: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6642: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6590: 6584: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6513: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6355: 6349: 6341: 6335: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6138: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6088: 6056: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6017: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5967: 5961: 5960: 5928: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5836: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5741: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5684: 5659:(9): 1811–1827. 5644: 5638: 5637: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5572: 5551:December 2019). 5547: 5541: 5540: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5491: 5460:Animal Frontiers 5451: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5405: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5364: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5244: 5229:Eurosurveillance 5220: 5214: 5213: 5203: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5146: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5081: 5063: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4967: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956:10.1002/smi.1029 4934: 4928: 4927: 4909: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4852: 4835:(6): 1483–1494. 4826: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4800: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4743: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4695:. 7 October 2021 4685: 4679: 4678: 4668: 4642: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4476: 4467: 4466: 4456: 4424: 4415: 4414: 4386: 4377: 4376: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4340: 4331:(3): e156–e162. 4316: 4310: 4309: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4248: 4222: 4213: 4200: 4199: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4166: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4075: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4020: 4014: 4013: 3995: 3985: 3961: 3955: 3937: 3931: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3904: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3794: 3785: 3784: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3665: 3647: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3510: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3471: 3461: 3451: 3419: 3413: 3395: 3389: 3387: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3350: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3308: 3297: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3281:on 16 July 2012. 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098:10.3354/cr019193 3077:Climate Research 3074: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3034: 2986: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2935: 2926: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2841: 2809: 2803: 2784: 2773: 2772: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2751: 2419:Atlantic Council 2387:Marine heatwaves 2268:oxidative stress 2229:Pays-de-la-Loire 2065: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2032: 1349: 1329:French heat wave 1246:low birth weight 1098:Marine heatwaves 1027:. This inhibits 968: 956: 800: 793: 786: 772: 771: 385:Tropical cyclone 297:Dry thunderstorm 192:Tropical seasons 135: 56:upper atmosphere 7872: 7871: 7867: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7861: 7857:Weather hazards 7822: 7821: 7820: 7815: 7811:Marine heatwave 7779: 7753: 7718: 7627: 7596: 7549: 7438: 7400: 7362: 7281:2017 (Pakistan) 7229: 7213: 7175: 7170: 7140: 7139: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7068: 7064: 7057: 7044: 7043: 7039: 7025: 7021: 7011: 7009: 7008:on 21 June 2006 6996: 6995: 6991: 6981: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6968: 6958: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6945: 6935: 6933: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6904: 6902: 6888: 6887: 6880: 6870: 6868: 6863:. 1 June 2024. 6855: 6854: 6850: 6840: 6838: 6829: 6828: 6824: 6814: 6812: 6807:. 28 May 2024. 6799: 6798: 6794: 6784: 6782: 6773: 6772: 6768: 6758: 6756: 6754:The Japan Times 6747: 6746: 6742: 6732: 6730: 6722: 6721: 6717: 6707: 6705: 6696: 6695: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6629: 6627: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6601: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6577: 6575: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6549: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6526: 6524: 6515: 6514: 6507: 6497: 6495: 6486: 6485: 6481: 6471: 6469: 6460: 6459: 6455: 6445: 6443: 6434: 6433: 6429: 6419: 6417: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6394: 6392: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6368: 6366: 6357: 6356: 6352: 6342: 6338: 6328: 6324: 6314: 6312: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6271: 6269: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6246: 6244: 6241:www.cbsnews.com 6235: 6234: 6230: 6220: 6218: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6187: 6186: 6182: 6172: 6170: 6157: 6156: 6152: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6058: 6057: 6050: 6040: 6038: 6037:. 19 April 2024 6029: 6028: 6024: 6015: 6013: 6011: 5994: 5993: 5989: 5979: 5977: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5930: 5929: 5925: 5915: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5902: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5853: 5851: 5838: 5837: 5833: 5823: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5703: 5702: 5698: 5646: 5645: 5641: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5549: 5548: 5544: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5453: 5452: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5424: 5423: 5419: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5293: 5292: 5288: 5278: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5255: 5253: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5165: 5164: 5160: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5046:(5): e0177937. 5033: 5032: 5028: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4824: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4781:10.2307/3454704 4762: 4761: 4757: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4698: 4696: 4687: 4686: 4682: 4644: 4643: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4580: 4578: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4478: 4477: 4470: 4426: 4425: 4418: 4388: 4387: 4380: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4220: 4215: 4214: 4203: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4129: 4127: 4122:. Nlm.nih.gov. 4118: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4022: 4021: 4017: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3938: 3934: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3902: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3783:on 8 June 2012. 3775: 3774: 3770: 3759:"Bergwind Info" 3757: 3756: 3752: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3598:Washington Post 3591: 3590: 3586: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3508: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3486: 3484: 3475: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3396: 3392: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3352: 3351: 3344: 3334: 3332: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3312: 3310: 3309:on 27 June 2023 3306: 3295: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3166:on 23 July 2008 3158: 3157: 3153: 3146: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3116: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3053: 3052: 3048: 2988: 2987: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2937: 2936: 2929: 2914: 2910: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2785: 2776: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2716: 2665: 2660: 2659: 2622:Southeast Asian 2617: 2609: 2604: 2603: 2581: 2573: 2568: 2567: 2548:Southern France 2531:Edhi Foundation 2481:severe heatwave 2464:Central America 2446: 2438: 2433: 2427: 2400: 2384: 2363: 2347: 2326: 2321: 2305: 2296: 2291: 2290: 2188: 2180: 2164: 2158: 2134: 2129: 2109: 2099: 2078: 2066: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2052: 2051: 2048: 2043: 2042: 2039: 2034: 2033: 2030: 1357: 1354: 1338: 1314: 1309: 1308: 1291:cerebrovascular 1282: 1263: 1258: 1257: 1191: 1183: 1182: 1157:heat exhaustion 1141: 1133: 1114: 1109: 1108: 1089: 1081: 1008: 980: 979: 978: 977: 976: 973:extreme weather 969: 961: 960: 957: 946: 940: 920:heat advisories 908: 877:In Greece, the 860: 855: 804: 766: 761: 760: 736: 728: 727: 586: 576: 575: 488: 478: 477: 466:Ground blizzard 226: 216: 215: 194: 184: 183: 159: 133: 121:extreme weather 89:oceanic climate 42: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7870: 7868: 7860: 7859: 7854: 7852:Weather events 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7824: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7814: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7791:Cooling center 7787: 7785: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7761: 7759: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7730: 7728: 7724: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7635: 7633: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7625: 7623:1995 (Chicago) 7620: 7615: 7610: 7604: 7602: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7568: 7566: 7559: 7555: 7554: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7541: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7522: 7521: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7446: 7444: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7425: 7424: 7422:UK and Ireland 7414: 7408: 7406: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7377: 7375: 7368: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7360: 7355: 7354: 7353: 7351:Southeast Asia 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7325: 7324: 7323: 7318: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7266: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7227: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7169: 7168: 7161: 7154: 7146: 7138: 7137: 7088: 7076: 7062: 7055: 7037: 7019: 6989: 6966: 6943: 6912: 6878: 6848: 6822: 6792: 6766: 6740: 6715: 6689: 6678:. 29 July 2024 6663: 6637: 6611: 6585: 6559: 6534: 6505: 6479: 6453: 6427: 6402: 6376: 6350: 6336: 6322: 6297: 6294:. 26 May 2024. 6279: 6254: 6228: 6206: 6180: 6150: 6121:(4): 306–312. 6100: 6071:(1): 119–145. 6048: 6022: 6009: 5987: 5975:www.nature.com 5962: 5923: 5900: 5861: 5831: 5808: 5794: 5753: 5696: 5639: 5592: 5542: 5503: 5439: 5417: 5376: 5311: 5286: 5275:. HYPEANDHYPER 5263: 5215: 5178:(4): 504–513. 5158: 5093: 5026: 5020:10.3386/w20750 4997: 4978:(1): 577–617. 4962: 4929: 4880: 4850:10.1.1.577.825 4812: 4755: 4706: 4680: 4659:(2): 190–202. 4634: 4588: 4562: 4550:Bloomberg News 4536: 4497: 4468: 4439:(8): 1472–83. 4416: 4378: 4360: 4311: 4268: 4201: 4178: 4137: 4111: 4104: 4086: 4050: 4015: 3956: 3932: 3919: 3891: 3864:(3): 125–161. 3844: 3786: 3768: 3750: 3732: 3718: 3677: 3610: 3584: 3540: 3519:(12): 124003. 3496: 3494: 3493: 3414: 3390: 3371: 3342: 3320: 3284: 3265: 3243: 3221: 3199: 3177: 3151: 3144: 3126: 3104: 3060: 3046: 2978: 2952: 2927: 2908: 2894: 2873:(4): 762–775. 2853: 2804: 2774: 2760: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2715: 2712: 2664: 2661: 2638:climate change 2618: 2610: 2608: 2607:Southeast Asia 2605: 2582: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2555: 2539: 2538: 2523: 2522: 2501: 2500: 2493: 2492: 2485: 2484: 2476: 2475: 2447: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2429:Main article: 2426: 2423: 2399: 2396: 2383: 2380: 2362: 2359: 2346: 2343: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2292: 2189: 2181: 2179: 2178:Farmed animals 2176: 2160:Main article: 2157: 2154: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2098: 2095: 2077: 2074: 2028:Key to colors: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1980: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1337: 1334: 1313: 1310: 1287:cardiovascular 1283: 1275: 1262: 1259: 1250:pre-term birth 1238:cardiovascular 1200:co-morbidities 1196:heat illnesses 1192: 1184: 1142: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1113: 1110: 1094:climate change 1090: 1082: 1080: 1079:Climate change 1077: 1007: 1004: 970: 963: 962: 958: 951: 950: 949: 948: 947: 942:Main article: 939: 936: 907: 904: 859: 856: 854: 851: 850: 849: 842: 823: 806: 805: 803: 802: 795: 788: 780: 777: 776: 763: 762: 759: 758: 753: 748: 746:Climate change 743: 737: 734: 733: 730: 729: 726: 725: 720: 715: 714: 713: 712: 711: 706: 701: 693: 688: 681:Severe weather 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 657: 656: 651: 641: 640: 639: 629: 624: 623: 622: 617: 612: 607: 599: 598: 593: 587: 582: 581: 578: 577: 574: 573: 572: 571: 566: 561: 556: 546: 541: 540: 539: 529: 524: 519: 518: 517: 515:Megacryometeor 507: 502: 501: 500: 489: 484: 483: 480: 479: 476: 475: 474: 473: 468: 463: 458: 448: 443: 438: 433: 432: 431: 421: 420: 419: 414: 404: 399: 398: 397: 392: 382: 377: 376: 375: 370: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 334: 333: 328: 323: 313: 312: 311: 301: 300: 299: 294: 289: 279: 278: 277: 267: 266: 265: 260: 255: 245: 244: 243: 238: 227: 222: 221: 218: 217: 214: 213: 208: 207: 206: 195: 190: 189: 186: 185: 182: 181: 176: 171: 166: 160: 155: 154: 151: 150: 144: 143: 132: 129: 115:in areas with 93:climate change 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7869: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758:South America 7756: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7739:2000s drought 7737: 7735: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7725: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7630: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7599: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7587:1934 and 1935 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7560: 7558:North America 7556: 7546: 7543: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7475:2014 (Sweden) 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7441: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7403: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7372: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7356: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7313: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7232: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7216: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7178: 7174: 7167: 7162: 7160: 7155: 7153: 7148: 7147: 7144: 7133: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7092: 7089: 7085: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7072: 7066: 7063: 7058: 7056:9780226443218 7052: 7048: 7041: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7029: 7023: 7020: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6993: 6990: 6977: 6970: 6967: 6954: 6947: 6944: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6916: 6913: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6885: 6883: 6879: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6852: 6849: 6837: 6833: 6826: 6823: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6796: 6793: 6781: 6777: 6770: 6767: 6755: 6751: 6744: 6741: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6716: 6704: 6703:Bloomberg.com 6700: 6693: 6690: 6677: 6673: 6667: 6664: 6652: 6648: 6641: 6638: 6626: 6622: 6615: 6612: 6600: 6596: 6589: 6586: 6573: 6569: 6563: 6560: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6535: 6523: 6519: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6494: 6490: 6483: 6480: 6468: 6464: 6457: 6454: 6442: 6438: 6431: 6428: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6403: 6391: 6387: 6380: 6377: 6365: 6361: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6326: 6323: 6311: 6307: 6301: 6298: 6293: 6289: 6283: 6280: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6255: 6243:. 28 May 2024 6242: 6238: 6232: 6229: 6216: 6210: 6207: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6181: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6154: 6151: 6146: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6104: 6101: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6086:11250/3095845 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6012: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5991: 5988: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5963: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5927: 5924: 5911: 5904: 5901: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5865: 5862: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5832: 5819: 5812: 5809: 5804: 5798: 5795: 5789: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5697: 5692: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5643: 5640: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5596: 5593: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5546: 5543: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5507: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5427: 5421: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5390:Harmful Algae 5387: 5380: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5312: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5287: 5274: 5267: 5264: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5219: 5216: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5162: 5159: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5030: 5027: 5021: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5001: 4998: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4966: 4963: 4957: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4930: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4884: 4881: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4829:Risk Analysis 4823: 4816: 4813: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4775:(5): 463–70. 4774: 4770: 4766: 4759: 4756: 4751: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4710: 4707: 4694: 4690: 4684: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4653: 4648: 4641: 4639: 4635: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4592: 4589: 4577: 4573: 4566: 4563: 4551: 4547: 4540: 4537: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4501: 4498: 4486: 4482: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4394: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4374: 4373:NIHR Evidence 4370: 4364: 4361: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4315: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4272: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4246:10278/3746207 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4157:(4): 351–61. 4156: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4138: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4112: 4107: 4105:0-07-138875-3 4101: 4097: 4090: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4016: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3993:10044/1/97290 3989: 3984: 3979: 3976:(1): 012001. 3975: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3929: 3923: 3920: 3912: 3908: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3772: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3754: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3728: 3722: 3719: 3713: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3681: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3611: 3599: 3595: 3592:Henson, Bob. 3588: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3544: 3541: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3500: 3497: 3483: 3479: 3474:News report: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3330: 3324: 3321: 3305: 3301: 3294: 3288: 3285: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3266: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3231: 3225: 3222: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3187: 3181: 3178: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3152: 3147: 3145:9781878220493 3141: 3137: 3130: 3127: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3064: 3061: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2966: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2912: 2909: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2854: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2764: 2761: 2756: 2750: 2747: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2663:United States 2662: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2606: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2570: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2435: 2432: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2388: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2303:Power outages 2302: 2300: 2293: 2287: 2283: 2282:immune system 2279: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2219:. During the 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2193: 2186: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2145: 2138: 2131: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2114: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2037: Caution 2029: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1318: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1280: 1272: 1267: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1189: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1139: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1111: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1087: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1072:soil moisture 1070:The level of 1068: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1046: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1025:adiabatically 1020: 1018: 1013: 1005: 1003: 1001: 997: 992: 984: 974: 967: 955: 945: 937: 935: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 906:Other regions 905: 903: 900: 895: 893: 888: 883: 880: 875: 873: 869: 865: 857: 852: 847: 843: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 821: 817: 813: 812: 811: 801: 796: 794: 789: 787: 782: 781: 779: 778: 775: 770: 765: 764: 757: 754: 752: 751:Tornado terms 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 738: 732: 731: 724: 721: 719: 716: 710: 709:United States 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 696: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 683: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 655: 652: 650: 647: 646: 645: 642: 638: 635: 634: 633: 630: 628: 625: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 602: 601: 600: 597: 594: 592: 591:Air pollution 589: 588: 585: 580: 579: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 551: 550: 547: 545: 542: 538: 535: 534: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 516: 513: 512: 511: 508: 506: 503: 499: 496: 495: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486:Precipitation 482: 481: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 453: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 430: 427: 426: 425: 422: 418: 415: 413: 410: 409: 408: 405: 403: 400: 396: 393: 391: 388: 387: 386: 383: 381: 378: 374: 371: 369: 366: 365: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 317: 314: 310: 307: 306: 305: 302: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 283: 280: 276: 273: 272: 271: 268: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 250: 249: 246: 242: 239: 237: 234: 233: 232: 229: 228: 225: 220: 219: 212: 209: 205: 202: 201: 200: 197: 196: 193: 188: 187: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 161: 158: 153: 152: 149: 145: 141: 137: 136: 130: 128: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 104: 101: 96: 94: 90: 86: 82: 77: 73: 69: 65: 57: 53: 48: 44: 40: 36: 29: 22: 7801:Hyperthermia 7632:2000–present 7443:2000–present 7346:Saudi Arabia 7306:2022 (Japan) 7296:2022 (China) 7276:2016 (India) 7241:2002 (India) 7172: 7105: 7101: 7091: 7079: 7069: 7065: 7046: 7040: 7032: 7026: 7022: 7010:. Retrieved 7006:the original 7001: 6992: 6980:. Retrieved 6969: 6957:. Retrieved 6946: 6934:. Retrieved 6925: 6915: 6903:. Retrieved 6894: 6869:. Retrieved 6860: 6851: 6839:. Retrieved 6835: 6825: 6813:. Retrieved 6804: 6795: 6783:. Retrieved 6779: 6769: 6757:. Retrieved 6753: 6743: 6731:. Retrieved 6727: 6718: 6706:. Retrieved 6702: 6692: 6680:. Retrieved 6675: 6666: 6654:. Retrieved 6650: 6640: 6628:. Retrieved 6624: 6614: 6602:. Retrieved 6598: 6588: 6576:. Retrieved 6572:The Guardian 6571: 6562: 6550:. Retrieved 6546: 6537: 6525:. Retrieved 6521: 6496:. Retrieved 6492: 6482: 6470:. Retrieved 6466: 6456: 6444:. Retrieved 6440: 6430: 6418:. Retrieved 6414: 6405: 6393:. Retrieved 6389: 6379: 6367:. Retrieved 6363: 6353: 6345: 6339: 6331: 6325: 6313:. Retrieved 6309: 6300: 6291: 6282: 6270:. Retrieved 6266: 6257: 6245:. Retrieved 6240: 6231: 6219:. Retrieved 6209: 6197:. Retrieved 6193:the original 6183: 6171:. Retrieved 6153: 6118: 6114: 6103: 6068: 6064: 6039:. Retrieved 6034: 6025: 6014:, retrieved 6000: 5990: 5978:. Retrieved 5974: 5965: 5940: 5936: 5926: 5914:. Retrieved 5903: 5878: 5874: 5864: 5852:. Retrieved 5844: 5834: 5822:. Retrieved 5811: 5797: 5770: 5766: 5756: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5656: 5652: 5642: 5609: 5605: 5595: 5560: 5556: 5545: 5520: 5516: 5506: 5466:(1): 26–31. 5463: 5459: 5432:24 September 5430:. Retrieved 5420: 5393: 5389: 5379: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5302:. Retrieved 5298: 5289: 5277:. Retrieved 5266: 5254:. Retrieved 5232: 5228: 5218: 5175: 5171: 5161: 5113:(1): 23792. 5110: 5106: 5096: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5010: 5000: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4897: 4893: 4883: 4832: 4828: 4815: 4772: 4768: 4758: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4697:. Retrieved 4692: 4683: 4656: 4650: 4625:. Retrieved 4605: 4601: 4591: 4579:. Retrieved 4575: 4565: 4553:. Retrieved 4549: 4539: 4517:(2): 171–8. 4514: 4510: 4500: 4488:. Retrieved 4484: 4436: 4432: 4402: 4398: 4392: 4372: 4363: 4328: 4324: 4314: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4228: 4224: 4191: 4181: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4128:. Retrieved 4114: 4095: 4089: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4028: 4024: 4018: 3973: 3969: 3959: 3939:IPCC, 2021: 3935: 3926:IPCC, 2013: 3922: 3906: 3894: 3861: 3857: 3847: 3806: 3802: 3781:the original 3771: 3763:the original 3753: 3745:the original 3741:"Heat Index" 3735: 3727:"Heat Index" 3721: 3694: 3690: 3680: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3601:. Retrieved 3597: 3587: 3554: 3550: 3543: 3516: 3512: 3499: 3485:. Retrieved 3481: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3397:IPCC, 2021: 3393: 3374: 3362:. Retrieved 3358:the original 3333:. Retrieved 3323: 3311:. Retrieved 3304:the original 3287: 3279:the original 3268: 3256:. Retrieved 3246: 3234:. Retrieved 3224: 3212:. Retrieved 3202: 3190:. Retrieved 3180: 3168:. Retrieved 3164:the original 3154: 3135: 3129: 3117:. Retrieved 3107: 3080: 3076: 3063: 3049: 2998: 2994: 2969:. Retrieved 2943:. Retrieved 2925:25 July 2023 2920: 2911: 2902: 2897: 2870: 2866: 2856: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2763: 2749: 2708: 2705: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2626:Heat indices 2619: 2583: 2472:forest fires 2412: 2408:solar energy 2401: 2385: 2372: 2364: 2351:mid-latitude 2348: 2327: 2306: 2297: 2272:antioxidants 2257:catabolizing 2233: 2198: 2165: 2146: 2143: 2121: 2117: 2110: 2091: 2079: 2067: 2055: Danger 2027: 1326: 1319: 1315: 1284: 1271:NWS HeatRisk 1270: 1222:hyperthermia 1193: 1161:heat syncope 1145:Heat illness 1143: 1138:Heat illness 1091: 1069: 1053:Western Cape 1050: 1042: 1037:low pressure 1021: 1009: 993: 989: 938:Observations 928: 909: 896: 884: 876: 871: 863: 861: 845: 826: 819: 809: 665: 527:Diamond dust 451:Winter storm 282:Thunderstorm 109:hyperthermia 105: 97: 75: 72:extreme heat 71: 67: 63: 61: 43: 7694:2021 (West) 7644:2001 (East) 7582:1911 (East) 7577:1901 (East) 7572:1896 (East) 7565:Before 1950 7374:Before 1950 6861:India Today 6676:Le Monde.fr 6547:www.bbc.com 6221:2 September 6199:2 September 5916:4 September 5773:: 256–270. 5331:(1): 5807. 4949:(1): 3–15. 4726:: 220–223. 4699:4 September 3809:(21): n/a. 3603:15 November 3434:(1): 3851. 3083:: 193–212. 3001:(1): 5807. 2634:Philippines 2542:During the 2286:vaccination 2261:antioxidant 2237:respiratory 2209:heat cramps 2201:heat stroke 1218:heat stroke 1214:heat stress 1169:heat cramps 1153:heat stroke 1121:Heat stroke 741:Meteorology 676:Meteorology 564:Snow roller 559:Snow grains 522:Ice pellets 471:Snow squall 402:Storm surge 348:Anticyclone 304:Mesocyclone 292:Thundersnow 241:Arcus cloud 131:Definitions 28:Heat stroke 7847:Torridness 7832:Heat waves 7826:Categories 7533:Heat waves 7218:Antarctica 7173:Heat waves 6955:. Ecowatch 6310:Al Jazeera 6267:Al Jazeera 6173:8 February 5881:: 100563. 5612:: 94–102. 5563:: 135996. 5396:: 101591. 5256:14 January 5235:(7): 3–4. 4490:20 January 4399:The Lancet 4225:The Lancet 3557:: 1330–9. 3364:17 January 3252:"Glossary" 2967:. phys.org 2945:9 February 2741:References 2697:hurricanes 2590:dry season 2170:region of 2070:heat index 1346:heat index 1165:heat edema 1102:cold waves 1029:convection 1017:jet stream 899:Met Office 872:varmebølge 735:Glossaries 671:Jet stream 610:Convection 596:Atmosphere 544:Cloudburst 407:Dust storm 373:Nor'easter 343:Fire whirl 338:Dust devil 331:Waterspout 258:Heat burst 253:Microburst 211:Wet season 199:Dry season 35:Heat Waves 21:heat burst 7608:1980 (US) 7601:1950–1999 7470:2013 (UK) 7434:1995 (UK) 7429:1990 (UK) 7412:1955 (UK) 7405:1950–1999 7396:1911 (UK) 7391:1906 (UK) 7386:July 1757 7256:2013 haze 7002:About.com 6982:22 August 6651:Bloomberg 6599:Bloomberg 6168:0362-4331 6145:1758-6798 6095:1941-1405 5957:1476-4687 5895:2212-0947 5634:201204108 5587:209447429 5480:2160-6056 5412:1568-9883 5353:2041-1723 5192:2196-5412 5135:2045-2322 5070:1932-6203 4924:251954370 4916:1756-1833 4900:: o2107. 4845:CiteSeerX 4750:241577645 4347:2542-5196 4284:(4): 22. 4263:239046862 4010:250134589 4002:2752-5295 3886:0012-8252 3831:0094-8276 3654:0027-8424 3487:21 August 3023:2041-1723 2720:Cold wave 2701:tornadoes 2685:lightning 2594:Rajasthan 2454:impacted 2410:is used. 2335:farmlands 2324:Wildfires 2217:heatwaves 1261:Mortality 1234:pregnancy 1173:heat rash 912:Northeast 864:hedebølge 666:Heat wave 661:Cold wave 605:Chemistry 456:Ice storm 446:Firestorm 358:Polar low 326:Landspout 309:Supercell 270:Lightning 248:Downburst 204:Harmattan 138:Part of 113:wildfires 76:heat wave 64:heat wave 7538:Cerberus 7341:Pakistan 7321:Pakistan 7269:Pakistan 7132:14594620 6936:29 April 6930:Archived 6899:Archived 6865:Archived 6809:Archived 6759:3 August 6733:3 August 6728:phys.org 6415:phys.org 6041:19 April 6016:26 April 5980:19 April 5748:30368680 5691:35821443 5626:31445399 5579:31865090 5537:28040271 5498:32002236 5371:34608159 5251:29208081 5210:29080073 5153:27029386 5088:28520817 5040:PLOS ONE 4992:17657019 4875:25784074 4867:16506977 4807:11401757 4675:12762092 4622:38890517 4581:9 August 4555:3 August 4531:18241810 4463:27151892 4355:38453381 4298:29574605 4255:34687662 4196:Archived 4173:24140191 4124:Archived 4082:29122837 4045:15163570 3911:Archived 3839:53668167 3672:34607944 3579:27418520 3468:35788585 3384:Archived 3041:34608159 2848:15310900 2788:Glossary 2714:See also 2276:chromium 2241:sweating 2225:Brittany 1149:exertion 1065:bergwind 833:(9 820:heatwave 818:defines 537:Freezing 498:Freezing 461:Blizzard 140:a series 85:humidity 68:heatwave 7784:Related 7727:Oceania 7528:Drought 7518:Drought 7123:1241712 7012:27 July 6959:19 July 6871:30 June 6841:29 June 6836:Reuters 6815:29 June 6785:14 June 6708:29 July 6682:29 July 6656:27 June 6630:27 June 6604:20 June 6578:25 June 6552:25 June 6527:19 June 6498:19 June 6472:20 June 6446:18 June 6420:21 June 6395:18 June 6390:Reuters 6369:14 June 6292:Reuters 6109:2019). 6035:Animals 5854:28 July 5824:16 June 5775:Bibcode 5739:6244856 5718:Bibcode 5682:9418108 5661:Bibcode 5489:6951873 5362:8490455 5333:Bibcode 5304:15 July 5279:15 July 5201:5676805 5144:4815017 5115:Bibcode 5079:5433771 5048:Bibcode 4837:Bibcode 4798:1240305 4789:3454704 4728:Bibcode 4627:27 June 4454:4974898 4306:4440737 4130:10 July 3866:Bibcode 3811:Bibcode 3699:Bibcode 3663:8521713 3632:Bibcode 3559:Bibcode 3521:Bibcode 3459:9253148 3436:Bibcode 3335:17 July 3313:26 June 3258:17 July 3214:17 July 3192:17 July 3170:18 July 3119:1 April 3085:Bibcode 3032:8490455 3003:Bibcode 2971:15 July 2875:Bibcode 2826:Bibcode 2818:Science 2652:Myanmar 2642:El Niño 2632:in the 2552:England 2535:Karachi 2406:unless 2249:ketosis 2231:alone. 2205:syncope 2168:Mulanje 1303:Karachi 1175:, heat 1051:In the 918:issues 887:De Bilt 691:Extreme 637:Physics 627:Climate 615:Physics 505:Graupel 493:Drizzle 441:Sirocco 424:Monsoon 395:Typhoon 353:Cyclone 316:Tornado 263:Derecho 148:Weather 117:drought 81:climate 54:in the 7677:Summer 7508:Europe 7488:Europe 7367:Europe 7130: 7120: 7053: 6905:26 May 6272:29 May 6247:29 May 6166: 6143: 6093: 6007: 5955: 5937:Nature 5893: 5746: 5736: 5689: 5679: 5632: 5624: 5585: 5577: 5535: 5496: 5486: 5478: 5410: 5369: 5359: 5351: 5249: 5208: 5198: 5190: 5151: 5141: 5133: 5086: 5076: 5068: 4990: 4922: 4914: 4873: 4865: 4847: 4805: 4795: 4787: 4748: 4673: 4620: 4602:Nature 4529: 4461: 4451: 4393:Lancet 4353: 4345: 4304: 4296: 4261: 4253: 4171: 4102: 4080: 4066:(11), 4043: 4008: 4000: 3943:. In: 3884: 3837: 3829: 3670: 3660: 3652: 3577: 3466: 3456: 3401:. In: 3236:26 May 3142: 3039: 3029: 3021: 2846: 2790:. In: 2699:, and 2693:floods 2648:dengue 2515:Kuwait 2462:, and 2458:, the 2456:Mexico 2382:Oceans 2345:Floods 2264:enzyme 2253:ketone 2172:Malawi 2105:, and 2082:stress 2062: 2058: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2031: 1293:, and 1177:tetany 1006:Causes 858:Europe 699:Canada 654:Season 584:Topics 429:Amihan 417:Haboob 412:Simoom 224:Storms 179:Autumn 174:Summer 169:Spring 164:Winter 7672:March 7668:2012 7524:2023 7504:2022 7479:2018 7336:Japan 7331:India 7327:2024 7316:China 7264:India 7260:2015 6978:. CNN 6315:7 May 5630:S2CID 5583:S2CID 4988:S2CID 4920:S2CID 4871:S2CID 4825:(PDF) 4785:JSTOR 4746:S2CID 4302:S2CID 4259:S2CID 4221:(PDF) 4006:S2CID 3914:(PDF) 3903:(PDF) 3835:S2CID 3509:(PDF) 3307:(PDF) 3296:(PDF) 3073:(PDF) 2598:Churu 2586:India 2571:India 2506:Mecca 2339:crops 2274:like 2113:ozone 2086:crime 1983:100% 1226:sleep 892:Ukkel 704:Japan 632:Cloud 620:River 569:Slush 231:Cloud 7775:2023 7770:2022 7714:2024 7704:2023 7699:2022 7684:2018 7664:2011 7659:2010 7654:2007 7649:2006 7592:1936 7545:2024 7495:2019 7465:2010 7460:2007 7455:2006 7450:2003 7417:1976 7381:1540 7311:2023 7251:2010 7246:2007 7234:Asia 7225:2024 7209:2023 7204:2022 7199:2021 7194:2020 7189:2018 7184:List 7128:PMID 7051:ISBN 7014:2006 6984:2022 6961:2019 6938:2024 6907:2024 6873:2024 6843:2024 6817:2024 6787:2024 6780:CNBC 6761:2024 6735:2024 6710:2024 6684:2024 6658:2024 6632:2024 6606:2024 6580:2024 6554:2024 6529:2024 6500:2024 6474:2024 6448:2024 6422:2024 6397:2024 6371:2024 6364:CNBC 6317:2024 6274:2024 6249:2024 6223:2020 6201:2020 6175:2023 6164:ISSN 6141:ISSN 6091:ISSN 6043:2024 6018:2024 6005:ISBN 5982:2024 5953:ISSN 5918:2022 5891:ISSN 5856:2006 5826:2014 5744:PMID 5687:PMID 5622:PMID 5575:PMID 5533:PMID 5494:PMID 5476:ISSN 5434:2020 5408:ISSN 5367:PMID 5349:ISSN 5306:2022 5299:Time 5281:2022 5258:2014 5247:PMID 5206:PMID 5188:ISSN 5149:PMID 5131:ISSN 5084:PMID 5066:ISSN 4912:ISSN 4863:PMID 4803:PMID 4701:2022 4671:PMID 4629:2024 4618:PMID 4583:2015 4576:Dawn 4557:2015 4527:PMID 4492:2023 4459:PMID 4351:PMID 4343:ISSN 4294:PMID 4251:PMID 4169:PMID 4132:2014 4100:ISBN 4078:PMID 4041:PMID 3998:ISSN 3882:ISSN 3827:ISSN 3668:PMID 3650:ISSN 3605:2021 3575:PMID 3489:2022 3464:PMID 3366:2016 3337:2013 3315:2023 3260:2013 3238:2023 3216:2013 3194:2013 3172:2013 3140:ISBN 3121:2019 3037:PMID 3019:ISSN 2973:2022 2947:2019 2844:PMID 2689:rain 2640:and 2550:and 2280:The 2239:and 2227:and 2068:The 1940:95% 1896:90% 1851:85% 1806:80% 1760:75% 1713:70% 1665:65% 1616:60% 1566:55% 1515:50% 1463:45% 1410:40% 1342:NOAA 1248:and 1240:and 1220:and 922:and 816:IPCC 814:The 686:List 649:Mist 549:Snow 532:Rain 510:Hail 436:Gale 7118:PMC 7110:doi 7106:111 6926:CNN 6895:CNN 6625:BBC 6493:BBC 6467:CNN 6131:hdl 6123:doi 6081:hdl 6073:doi 5945:doi 5941:615 5883:doi 5783:doi 5771:209 5734:PMC 5726:doi 5677:PMC 5669:doi 5614:doi 5610:126 5565:doi 5561:707 5525:doi 5521:137 5484:PMC 5468:doi 5398:doi 5357:PMC 5341:doi 5237:doi 5196:PMC 5180:doi 5139:PMC 5123:doi 5074:PMC 5056:doi 5015:doi 4980:doi 4951:doi 4902:doi 4898:378 4894:BMJ 4855:doi 4793:PMC 4777:doi 4773:109 4736:doi 4661:doi 4610:doi 4606:630 4519:doi 4515:331 4449:PMC 4441:doi 4407:doi 4403:400 4333:doi 4286:doi 4241:hdl 4233:doi 4229:398 4159:doi 4068:doi 4033:doi 3988:hdl 3978:doi 3949:doi 3874:doi 3819:doi 3707:doi 3658:PMC 3640:doi 3628:118 3567:doi 3555:571 3529:doi 3454:PMC 3444:doi 3407:doi 3093:doi 3027:PMC 3011:doi 2883:doi 2834:doi 2822:305 2796:doi 2630:Iba 2596:'s 2533:in 1179:. 1104:. 644:Fog 66:or 7828:: 7513:UK 7483:UK 7126:. 7116:. 7104:. 7100:. 7031:. 7000:. 6928:. 6924:. 6897:. 6893:. 6881:^ 6859:. 6834:. 6803:. 6778:. 6752:. 6726:. 6701:. 6674:. 6649:. 6623:. 6597:. 6570:. 6545:. 6520:. 6508:^ 6491:. 6465:. 6439:. 6413:. 6388:. 6362:. 6308:. 6290:. 6265:. 6239:. 6139:. 6129:. 6117:. 6113:. 6089:. 6079:. 6069:15 6067:. 6063:. 6051:^ 6033:. 5999:, 5973:. 5951:. 5939:. 5935:. 5889:. 5879:40 5877:. 5873:. 5847:. 5843:. 5781:. 5769:. 5765:. 5742:. 5732:. 5724:. 5714:62 5712:. 5708:. 5685:. 5675:. 5667:. 5657:66 5655:. 5651:. 5628:. 5620:. 5608:. 5604:. 5581:. 5573:. 5559:. 5555:. 5531:. 5519:. 5515:. 5492:. 5482:. 5474:. 5462:. 5458:. 5442:^ 5406:. 5394:91 5388:. 5365:. 5355:. 5347:. 5339:. 5329:12 5327:. 5323:. 5297:. 5245:. 5233:10 5231:. 5227:. 5204:. 5194:. 5186:. 5174:. 5170:. 5147:. 5137:. 5129:. 5121:. 5109:. 5105:. 5082:. 5072:. 5064:. 5054:. 5044:12 5042:. 5038:. 5013:. 5009:. 4986:. 4974:. 4947:21 4945:. 4941:. 4918:. 4910:. 4896:. 4892:. 4869:. 4861:. 4853:. 4843:. 4833:25 4831:. 4827:. 4801:. 4791:. 4783:. 4771:. 4767:. 4744:. 4734:. 4724:17 4722:. 4718:. 4691:. 4669:. 4657:24 4655:. 4649:. 4637:^ 4616:. 4604:. 4600:. 4574:. 4548:. 4525:. 4513:. 4509:. 4483:. 4471:^ 4457:. 4447:. 4437:11 4435:. 4431:. 4419:^ 4401:. 4397:. 4381:^ 4371:. 4349:. 4341:. 4327:. 4323:. 4300:. 4292:. 4282:18 4280:. 4257:. 4249:. 4239:. 4227:. 4223:. 4204:^ 4190:. 4167:. 4155:24 4153:. 4149:. 4076:, 4064:10 4062:, 4039:. 4029:22 4027:. 4004:. 3996:. 3986:. 3972:. 3968:. 3905:. 3880:. 3872:. 3862:99 3860:. 3856:. 3833:. 3825:. 3817:. 3807:39 3805:. 3801:. 3789:^ 3705:. 3695:25 3693:. 3689:. 3666:. 3656:. 3648:. 3638:. 3626:. 3622:. 3596:. 3573:. 3565:. 3553:. 3527:. 3517:10 3515:. 3511:. 3480:. 3462:. 3452:. 3442:. 3432:13 3430:. 3426:. 3345:^ 3091:. 3081:19 3079:. 3075:. 3035:. 3025:. 3017:. 3009:. 2999:12 2997:. 2993:. 2981:^ 2955:^ 2930:^ 2919:, 2881:. 2871:40 2869:. 2865:. 2842:. 2832:. 2820:. 2816:. 2777:^ 2703:. 2695:, 2691:, 2687:, 2644:. 2341:. 2207:, 1289:, 1228:, 1171:, 1167:, 1163:, 1159:, 1155:, 835:°F 831:°C 142:on 127:. 95:. 62:A 50:A 7165:e 7158:t 7151:v 7134:. 7112:: 7059:. 7016:. 6986:. 6963:. 6940:. 6909:. 6875:. 6845:. 6819:. 6789:. 6763:. 6737:. 6712:. 6686:. 6660:. 6634:. 6608:. 6582:. 6556:. 6531:. 6502:. 6476:. 6450:. 6424:. 6399:. 6373:. 6319:. 6276:. 6251:. 6225:. 6203:. 6177:. 6147:. 6133:: 6125:: 6119:9 6097:. 6083:: 6075:: 6045:. 5984:. 5959:. 5947:: 5920:. 5897:. 5885:: 5858:. 5828:. 5791:. 5785:: 5777:: 5750:. 5728:: 5720:: 5693:. 5671:: 5663:: 5636:. 5616:: 5589:. 5567:: 5539:. 5527:: 5500:. 5470:: 5464:9 5436:. 5414:. 5400:: 5373:. 5343:: 5335:: 5308:. 5283:. 5260:. 5239:: 5212:. 5182:: 5176:4 5155:. 5125:: 5117:: 5111:6 5090:. 5058:: 5050:: 5023:. 5017:: 4994:. 4982:: 4976:7 4959:. 4953:: 4926:. 4904:: 4877:. 4857:: 4839:: 4809:. 4779:: 4752:. 4738:: 4730:: 4703:. 4677:. 4663:: 4631:. 4612:: 4585:. 4559:. 4533:. 4521:: 4494:. 4465:. 4443:: 4413:. 4409:: 4357:. 4335:: 4329:8 4308:. 4288:: 4265:. 4243:: 4235:: 4175:. 4161:: 4134:. 4108:. 4070:: 4047:. 4035:: 4012:. 3990:: 3980:: 3974:1 3951:: 3888:. 3876:: 3868:: 3841:. 3821:: 3813:: 3715:. 3709:: 3701:: 3674:. 3642:: 3634:: 3607:. 3581:. 3569:: 3561:: 3537:. 3531:: 3523:: 3491:. 3470:. 3446:: 3438:: 3409:: 3368:. 3339:. 3317:. 3262:. 3240:. 3218:. 3196:. 3174:. 3148:. 3123:. 3101:. 3095:: 3087:: 3057:. 3043:. 3013:: 3005:: 2975:. 2949:. 2891:. 2885:: 2877:: 2850:. 2836:: 2828:: 2802:. 2798:: 2616:. 2580:. 2445:. 2187:. 1281:. 1190:. 1140:. 1088:. 841:. 799:e 792:t 785:v 41:. 30:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.